the attributive[上学期]
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| 名称 | the attributive[上学期] |  | |
| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 439.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2006-11-14 13:27:00 | ||
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课件41张PPT。2019/3/7定语从句2019/3/7 一、定语从句及相关概念 定语：可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。
如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。
The girl who is standing there is Mary.
定语从句2019/3/7概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
The girl who is standing there is Mary.
先行词 关系代词
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。 关系词： 引导定语从句的词。
3. 关系代词：
that, which, who, whom, whose2019/3/7The man who/that came yesterday is my friend.
Let’s ask the man that /who is reading the book over there.
He who doesn’t go to the Great Wall isn’t a true man.
Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.2019/3/7The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister.
The person whom you just talked to is Mr Li.
Where is the man that I saw yesterday.
Alec asked the policeman whom he worked with to tell him the news.2019/3/7A plane is a machine that/which can fly.
They planted the trees which/that didn’t need too much water.
This is the house which/that has a long history.
We heard the news which/that pleased everybody.
2019/3/7The noodles that/which I cooked were delicious.
The fish that/which we bought were not fresh.
The place that/which I visited yesterday is very beautiful.
The house that/which we lived in before was very small.2019/3/7Mr Wang is the man whose house caught fire last night.
Harry is the boy whose mother is our maths teacher.
The room whose window faces the south belongs to a local farmer.
The book whose cover is colorful is a story-book.2019/3/7二、关系代词引导的定语从句先行词和关系代词的种类
who,
that
whom
(who),
that
whose
which,
that
which,
that
whose 2019/3/7关系代词的使用
取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的谓语的人称、数必须和先行词一致。
判断步骤：
（1）要判断出先行词
（2）要确定关系代词（即先行词）在从句中所担任的成分
（3）选择正确的关系代词2019/3/7
1.That's the kind woman___________takes care of the children.
2.The nurse is speaking to the woman_______daughter is badly ill.
3.The trees__________ we planted five years ago have grown very big.
4.They walked up to a house__________had a red door.
that/whowhosethat/whichthat/which2019/3/75.Do you work in the building ________ color is yellow?
6.He is not the person ______________I am looking for.
7. He ___________does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
8.Luckily none of the people _____________ I know were killed in the earthquake.
9. People _________ study earthquakes think that there will be another big one soon.
whose
that/who/whomthat/who
whom/that/whowho/that2019/3/710. I have a friend ___________ likes listening to classical music.
11. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.
12. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
13. Kevin is reading a book __________ is too difficult for him.
who/thatwhich/thatwhosewhich/that2019/3/714. The family _____ I’m staying with lives in town.
15. I know the student ________ article was published.
16. Betty, ______ has never been abroad, is studying English very well.
17. My parents live in a house ____________ is more than 100 years old.
18.The boy _________________ John spoke with is my brother.thatwhosewhowhich/thatwho/whom/that2019/3/719 The earthquake ____________hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
20 We don’t know the number of people __________ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.
21 The house ____________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.
22 A house _____________ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.
which/that
who/that
which/thatwhich/that
2019/3/7定语从句的合成
思考步骤：
（1）找出先行词
(2) 确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后）
（2）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分 以确定关系代词的格
（3）确定从句时态，人称和数
注：定语从句的时态有时可不受主句的限制
The woman who(that) spoke yesterday is my mother.
2019/3/7The road has now been built stronger.
It was destroyed in the earthquake. The people were in danger.
The soldiers have saved them.which/thatwho/that2019/3/7The waiter was very friendly and polite .
He served us tea.A dictionary is a book.
You can use it to learn more words.who/thatwhich/that2019/3/7Xiao Ming works in a shop which/that
sells photo cameras. What was the name of the farmer who/that discovered the tomb of Qin Shi Huang.which/thatwho/that2019/3/7The bus which/that goes to the airport runs every half hour.2019/3/7? The woman got the job.
The woman can speak Russian.The woman who can speak Russian
got the job.? The teacher will give us a talk.
The teacher is famous.The teacher who is famous will
give us a talk.2019/3/7? The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.
? The woman got the job.
We saw her on the street.The woman (whom) we saw on the street
got the job.? The teacher will give us a talk.
We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.2019/3/7? The boy is in the lab.
You want to talk to him.The boy (whom) you want to talk to is in the lab.The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.? This is the boy. I sit behind him.This is the boy (whom) I sit behind.This is the boy behind whom I sit.2019/3/7关系代词的特殊用法
（1）在以下情况中先行词是人时，用who不用that
a.先行词为one(s)/anyone/those做主语时,用who.
Anyone who hasn’t finished his homework should stay behind after school.
b.当先行词有较长定语时用who
I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese.
2019/3/7c.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that另一个用who.
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
d.在there be 开头的句中
There is a gentleman who wants to see you.
2019/3/7(2) 有些情况下，只能用that .
1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时.
This is the most exciting football game that I have ever seen.
2.先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时.
The first thing that we should do is work out a plan.
2019/3/73.先行词既有人又有物时
He talked about the teachers and the school that he had visited.
4.先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时
All that can be done should be done.
2019/3/75.先行词有only, any, few ,little, no, all, one of, the very，the only等词修饰时
This is the only/very book that I want to buy.
6.主句已有疑问词who或which时,为避免重复
who is the boy that was late for class?
7.先行词在从句中做表语
This is no longer the place that it used to be.
2019/3/78.以the way作为先行词的限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作状语时通常由 in which或that引导，而且常可以省略；作主语时由that 引导，不可省；作宾语时由that引导，可省。The way _____________he answered the questions was surprising.
I don’t like the way _____ you think of.
We shouldn’t live in the way _____ is harmful to others.
(that/in which)(that)that2019/3/79.当先行词被such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as.I have never heard such stories as he tells.
This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.当先行词被the same修饰时，有时用that引导定语从句,但含义与as引导时不一样 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. (同一件衣服) She wore the same dress as her sister wore.(一样的衣服,不是同一件)
2019/3/7This is such an interesting story _____ we all like .
The question is such a difficult one ______ we can’t work it out.
She bought the same dictionary _____ I have yesterday.
Someone borrowed the same book _____ I like very much from the library, so I must wait.asthatasthat2019/3/7(4)which
在非限定性定语从句中，只用which，不用that.
在限定性定语从句中，只用which，而不用that的情况。
a.关系代词前有介词时
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
b.如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的 关系词是that，另一句用which.
Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.2019/3/7（5）关系代词与介词
1. 当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。
例如：I want to find the pen with which I wrote that letter.
2.介词在末尾时，可用that/which（代物），that/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾语，切这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。
例如：The man whom/who/that/可省 he wants to see is in Shanghai.2019/3/7（6）关系代词的省略
1. 条件：只在限定性定语从句中可省略。
2. 情况：
a.关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时
b.在从句中做介词的宾语，且介词在句尾
例如：Here is the man that you have been looking for.
c.关系代词在从句中做表语时
例如：Shanghai is no longer the city which it used to be.
d.在there be句型中，先行词是way时，关系代词省略。 例：I don’t like the way (that)you talk to me.2019/3/7三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词是用来引导定语从句的
作用：
（1）在定语从句中替代先行词
（2）在从句中担任状语成分，起副词和介词短语的作用
（3）起连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句
关系副词：where/when/why.
各关系代词的用法：2019/3/7where的用法：
表……的地方，修饰场所、方位名词。
This is the house. I was born in the house.
=This is the house where I was born.
先行词 关系副词
=This is the house which I was born in.
=This is the house in which I was born.
注：关系副词可等于”介词+关系副词“2019/3/72. when的用法：
表……的时候，修饰日子年代等名词。
We will never forget the day when join the party.
3. why的用法：
表……的原因，……的理由。
The reason why I called is to invite you to a party.
注：区分与关系代词的区别，只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就是关系副词。2019/3/7四、由as引导的定语从句 as可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导定语从句。
such … as…“像……一样的”，“像……之类”
the same…as…“和……同样的
在着两个句型中，as是关系代词，其中such&same做定语，修饰主句的名词、代词，这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词，as在从句中担任主、宾、表。
例如：This is the same thing as we are in need of.
Such people as you say are short now.
2019/3/72. …such as…
such为代词，意思为”这样的人/物“，as修饰先行词such。
例如：This book is not such as I hope.
3. the same…as…/the same… that… “用一个”
as that都引导定语从句。意思几乎相同。但从句中省去谓语是必须用as.
例如：She is the same age as you
that you are.
4. …,as… “有些”
在这里，as引导非限定性定语从句，相当于which引导的非限定性定语从句，有时可互换。
例如：He is from Beijing, as/which they know from the way he speaks.2019/3/7五、注意事项1. what不引导定语从句
I want to give you what I have.(宾语从句）
2. 先行词被the same 修饰时，关系代词既可用that, 也可用as.但意义不同，前者表示“同一的”，后者表示“同样的”。
3. 关系副词when/where/why其含义相当于on which/in which/for which等可交替使用。
如：The day when/on which I met him first was May 1st.
4.当先行词为专有名词或整个句子是世界上独一无二的名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。
例如：The sun, which gives us light, is very big.2019/3/7Thank you very much!
如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。
The girl who is standing there is Mary.
定语从句2019/3/7概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
The girl who is standing there is Mary.
先行词 关系代词
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。 关系词： 引导定语从句的词。
3. 关系代词：
that, which, who, whom, whose2019/3/7The man who/that came yesterday is my friend.
Let’s ask the man that /who is reading the book over there.
He who doesn’t go to the Great Wall isn’t a true man.
Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.2019/3/7The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister.
The person whom you just talked to is Mr Li.
Where is the man that I saw yesterday.
Alec asked the policeman whom he worked with to tell him the news.2019/3/7A plane is a machine that/which can fly.
They planted the trees which/that didn’t need too much water.
This is the house which/that has a long history.
We heard the news which/that pleased everybody.
2019/3/7The noodles that/which I cooked were delicious.
The fish that/which we bought were not fresh.
The place that/which I visited yesterday is very beautiful.
The house that/which we lived in before was very small.2019/3/7Mr Wang is the man whose house caught fire last night.
Harry is the boy whose mother is our maths teacher.
The room whose window faces the south belongs to a local farmer.
The book whose cover is colorful is a story-book.2019/3/7二、关系代词引导的定语从句先行词和关系代词的种类
who,
that
whom
(who),
that
whose
which,
that
which,
that
whose 2019/3/7关系代词的使用
取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的谓语的人称、数必须和先行词一致。
判断步骤：
（1）要判断出先行词
（2）要确定关系代词（即先行词）在从句中所担任的成分
（3）选择正确的关系代词2019/3/7
1.That's the kind woman___________takes care of the children.
2.The nurse is speaking to the woman_______daughter is badly ill.
3.The trees__________ we planted five years ago have grown very big.
4.They walked up to a house__________had a red door.
that/whowhosethat/whichthat/which2019/3/75.Do you work in the building ________ color is yellow?
6.He is not the person ______________I am looking for.
7. He ___________does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
8.Luckily none of the people _____________ I know were killed in the earthquake.
9. People _________ study earthquakes think that there will be another big one soon.
whose
that/who/whomthat/who
whom/that/whowho/that2019/3/710. I have a friend ___________ likes listening to classical music.
11. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.
12. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
13. Kevin is reading a book __________ is too difficult for him.
who/thatwhich/thatwhosewhich/that2019/3/714. The family _____ I’m staying with lives in town.
15. I know the student ________ article was published.
16. Betty, ______ has never been abroad, is studying English very well.
17. My parents live in a house ____________ is more than 100 years old.
18.The boy _________________ John spoke with is my brother.thatwhosewhowhich/thatwho/whom/that2019/3/719 The earthquake ____________hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
20 We don’t know the number of people __________ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.
21 The house ____________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.
22 A house _____________ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.
which/that
who/that
which/thatwhich/that
2019/3/7定语从句的合成
思考步骤：
（1）找出先行词
(2) 确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后）
（2）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分 以确定关系代词的格
（3）确定从句时态，人称和数
注：定语从句的时态有时可不受主句的限制
The woman who(that) spoke yesterday is my mother.
2019/3/7The road has now been built stronger.
It was destroyed in the earthquake. The people were in danger.
The soldiers have saved them.which/thatwho/that2019/3/7The waiter was very friendly and polite .
He served us tea.A dictionary is a book.
You can use it to learn more words.who/thatwhich/that2019/3/7Xiao Ming works in a shop which/that
sells photo cameras. What was the name of the farmer who/that discovered the tomb of Qin Shi Huang.which/thatwho/that2019/3/7The bus which/that goes to the airport runs every half hour.2019/3/7? The woman got the job.
The woman can speak Russian.The woman who can speak Russian
got the job.? The teacher will give us a talk.
The teacher is famous.The teacher who is famous will
give us a talk.2019/3/7? The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.
? The woman got the job.
We saw her on the street.The woman (whom) we saw on the street
got the job.? The teacher will give us a talk.
We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.2019/3/7? The boy is in the lab.
You want to talk to him.The boy (whom) you want to talk to is in the lab.The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.? This is the boy. I sit behind him.This is the boy (whom) I sit behind.This is the boy behind whom I sit.2019/3/7关系代词的特殊用法
（1）在以下情况中先行词是人时，用who不用that
a.先行词为one(s)/anyone/those做主语时,用who.
Anyone who hasn’t finished his homework should stay behind after school.
b.当先行词有较长定语时用who
I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese.
2019/3/7c.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that另一个用who.
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
d.在there be 开头的句中
There is a gentleman who wants to see you.
2019/3/7(2) 有些情况下，只能用that .
1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时.
This is the most exciting football game that I have ever seen.
2.先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时.
The first thing that we should do is work out a plan.
2019/3/73.先行词既有人又有物时
He talked about the teachers and the school that he had visited.
4.先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时
All that can be done should be done.
2019/3/75.先行词有only, any, few ,little, no, all, one of, the very，the only等词修饰时
This is the only/very book that I want to buy.
6.主句已有疑问词who或which时,为避免重复
who is the boy that was late for class?
7.先行词在从句中做表语
This is no longer the place that it used to be.
2019/3/78.以the way作为先行词的限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作状语时通常由 in which或that引导，而且常可以省略；作主语时由that 引导，不可省；作宾语时由that引导，可省。The way _____________he answered the questions was surprising.
I don’t like the way _____ you think of.
We shouldn’t live in the way _____ is harmful to others.
(that/in which)(that)that2019/3/79.当先行词被such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as.I have never heard such stories as he tells.
This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.当先行词被the same修饰时，有时用that引导定语从句,但含义与as引导时不一样 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. (同一件衣服) She wore the same dress as her sister wore.(一样的衣服,不是同一件)
2019/3/7This is such an interesting story _____ we all like .
The question is such a difficult one ______ we can’t work it out.
She bought the same dictionary _____ I have yesterday.
Someone borrowed the same book _____ I like very much from the library, so I must wait.asthatasthat2019/3/7(4)which
在非限定性定语从句中，只用which，不用that.
在限定性定语从句中，只用which，而不用that的情况。
a.关系代词前有介词时
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
b.如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的 关系词是that，另一句用which.
Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.2019/3/7（5）关系代词与介词
1. 当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。
例如：I want to find the pen with which I wrote that letter.
2.介词在末尾时，可用that/which（代物），that/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾语，切这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。
例如：The man whom/who/that/可省 he wants to see is in Shanghai.2019/3/7（6）关系代词的省略
1. 条件：只在限定性定语从句中可省略。
2. 情况：
a.关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时
b.在从句中做介词的宾语，且介词在句尾
例如：Here is the man that you have been looking for.
c.关系代词在从句中做表语时
例如：Shanghai is no longer the city which it used to be.
d.在there be句型中，先行词是way时，关系代词省略。 例：I don’t like the way (that)you talk to me.2019/3/7三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词是用来引导定语从句的
作用：
（1）在定语从句中替代先行词
（2）在从句中担任状语成分，起副词和介词短语的作用
（3）起连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句
关系副词：where/when/why.
各关系代词的用法：2019/3/7where的用法：
表……的地方，修饰场所、方位名词。
This is the house. I was born in the house.
=This is the house where I was born.
先行词 关系副词
=This is the house which I was born in.
=This is the house in which I was born.
注：关系副词可等于”介词+关系副词“2019/3/72. when的用法：
表……的时候，修饰日子年代等名词。
We will never forget the day when join the party.
3. why的用法：
表……的原因，……的理由。
The reason why I called is to invite you to a party.
注：区分与关系代词的区别，只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就是关系副词。2019/3/7四、由as引导的定语从句 as可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导定语从句。
such … as…“像……一样的”，“像……之类”
the same…as…“和……同样的
在着两个句型中，as是关系代词，其中such&same做定语，修饰主句的名词、代词，这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词，as在从句中担任主、宾、表。
例如：This is the same thing as we are in need of.
Such people as you say are short now.
2019/3/72. …such as…
such为代词，意思为”这样的人/物“，as修饰先行词such。
例如：This book is not such as I hope.
3. the same…as…/the same… that… “用一个”
as that都引导定语从句。意思几乎相同。但从句中省去谓语是必须用as.
例如：She is the same age as you
that you are.
4. …,as… “有些”
在这里，as引导非限定性定语从句，相当于which引导的非限定性定语从句，有时可互换。
例如：He is from Beijing, as/which they know from the way he speaks.2019/3/7五、注意事项1. what不引导定语从句
I want to give you what I have.(宾语从句）
2. 先行词被the same 修饰时，关系代词既可用that, 也可用as.但意义不同，前者表示“同一的”，后者表示“同样的”。
3. 关系副词when/where/why其含义相当于on which/in which/for which等可交替使用。
如：The day when/on which I met him first was May 1st.
4.当先行词为专有名词或整个句子是世界上独一无二的名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。
例如：The sun, which gives us light, is very big.2019/3/7Thank you very much!