the subjuntive mood[上学期]
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| 名称 | the subjuntive mood[上学期] |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2006-11-17 14:17:00 | ||
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课件52张PPT。虚拟语气Definition陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。The fish is not alive without water.虚语语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。
1. 虚拟语气的考点
1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；
2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；
3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；
4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；
5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。if引导的虚拟条件句区别:
If it rains tomorrow, the crops will be saved. 陈述语气 If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved. 虚拟语气If + 主 + did(were), 主+would/should/could/might
+动词原形If I were you, I would try it again.1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If +主 +had done sth, 主+would/should/could/might
+动词完成式（have done）If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.If + 主 + did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/
could/might +动词原形If you __________tomorrow, you _________
find the new manager working in the office. A. should come; would B. would come; would
C. will come; should D. comes; mightIf the parents ______at the hospital earlier after
the accident, the child would have been saved.A. arrives B. arrive
C. had arrived D. has arrivedIf he _________he ___________that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital
immediately.A. was warned; would not have taken
B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken
D. would have been warned; had not takenI didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she
__________, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come If my lawyer _______here last Sunday, he _______
me from going .A. had been; would have prevented
B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent
D. were; would have prevented倒装的If虚拟句
条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以倒装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他Were I you, I would try it again. Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out. If I were you, I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out._________the exam, he would have attend a college.A. If he passed B. Had he passed
C. Were he passed D. If he should pass_______five minutes earlier, you could have seen
them off.A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive
C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive ________it rain tomorrow, we should have to put
off the visit to the Science Museum.A. Were B. should C. would D. willwish引导的虚拟句I wish I remembered the address.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）How I wish he had not left.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）I wish it would rain tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish + that
How I wish
If onlydid/were 现在had done 过去would / might /would do 将来Exercises:“ Have you visited the Science Museum?”
“ No, but I really wish I _______.” A. had B. did C. have D. willI didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____there.A. was B. were C. had been D. wentI wish I _________ you yesterday.A. see B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
-----He is a brave man.
-----Yes, I wish I _________his courage.A. Have B. had C. will have D. would haveTom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _____me how.A. teaches B. will teach
C. has taught D. would teachThe picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I
___________to it.A. hadn’t gone B. haven’t gone
C. didn’t go D. could not have goneHow I wish I __________that! Everybody present
was angry with me.A. didn’t go B. hadn’t done
C. wouldn’t do D. wasn’t doing as if /though 区别： {He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA. 陈述语气He speaks English as if/ though he were
from the USA. 虚拟语气2. as if /though + Clause现在：
过去：
将来 :did /were(现在)had done(过去)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
He speaks as if he had been to the United States. would+动词原形(将来)虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood退一步 海阔天空even if/ though, wish,, if only等从句的虚拟与它相同。如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。If I were you, I would have taken his advice.从句表示现在，主句表示过去如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。从句表示过去，主句表示现在如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行工作了。从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now.If it hadn’t been raining those days, we should be going on with the works.注意:
主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句):
有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.
如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。
（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）
If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.
如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。） If you hadn’t lent me some money,
I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.
假若你不借钱给我， 我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。
（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）
名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词在表达建议、命令或要求的从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”．
一个坚决要求：insist
两个命令：command; order
三个建议：suggest; advise; propose
六个要求：demand; desire; require; request; ask; prefer
他们的名词形式：insistence;command;order;suggstion;advice;proposal;demand;desire;requirement;request;asking;preference
这些从句可以是宾语从句，主语从句，同位语从句或表语从句．
考题点击：
The teacher demanded that the work _____ before 4 o’clock.
A. finished B. be finished
C. should finish D.finish
2. --- What did the doctor say about your mother’s illness?
--- He suggested that she _____ an operation at once.
A. must have B. had C. have D. had had
3. The teacher ordered that students_______.
A.mustn’t smoke B.not smoke
C.smoked D.had smoked
BCB考题点击：
His suggestion that you _____ once more sounds reasonable.
A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try
2.He gave an advice that they ____ each other.
A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helpedAC注意:当suggest 表示“暗示”;insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟！His accent suggests he comes from Hunan.I insist that he was wrongHis silence suggested that he agreed with my decision He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people’s health. 虚拟语气特殊句型：1. would rather that现在：
过去：
未来：过去时过去完成时过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too.Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.2. It’s (about/high) time +that ---过去时should +V.你该走了。It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you were going.
It’s high time that you should go.我们该去睡觉了。It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed. 3. without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是
Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
Without your help, I would have failed.
But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.4. If only
(1) …要是就好了 = I wish
If only I knew his name!
If only we had followed your advice!
If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。
要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadn’t missed the train!(2) = as long as 常用陈述语气.
如果我们紧密团结就一定能战胜一切困难.
We can surely overcome these difficulties if only we are closely united.5.用在lest,for fear that和in case引导的状语
从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形
或动词原形。
She closed the windows lest she catch cold.
考题点击：
He took away the oxygen tank for fear that
it ______explode.
A. may explore B.exploded
C. explode D.had explodeC6. It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that---Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，
即（should）+动词原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.
It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.
It’s necessary that we should study hard.7. otherwise 和supposing也可以引导虚拟语气。例如：The storm stopped, otherwise the sailors would have fallen into the sea.I’m getting cold, otherwise I would keep her.Suppose(supposing) your friends knew how you are behaving here, what would they think?8.用 “may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首 May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ May you be happy!祝你快乐！ May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就
Long live the people! 人民万岁！ “God bless you,” said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” 含蓄条件句 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况: 1. 条件暗含在短语中。如： W hat would I have done without you?
(条件暗含在分词短语without you中) It would be easier to do it this way.
(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中) But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.
(暗含条件是but for your help) This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster.
(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast.
(暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified.
(暗含条件是alone) 2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如：
You might stay here forever.
(可能暗含if you wanted to)
We would have succeeded.
(可能暗含if we had kept trying)
I would appreciate a little of your time.
(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time) Choose the best answers:
1.If you _____ to see Mary, what would you tell her?
A. are B.will be going C.had D.were
2.If the whole operation ______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
A.was not planned B.has not been planned
C.had not been planned D.were not planned
3.If I ______ harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
A. had worked B. worked
C. were to work D. were working D.CA4.I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept B. slept
C. might have slept D. have slept
5 “You are very selfish. It’s high time you ____ you are not the most important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily.
A. have realized B. realized
C. realize D. should realize
6.If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _____ now.
A. wouldn’t be smiling B. couldn’t have smiled
C. won’t smile D. didn’t smile
ABA7.____ for my illness, I would have lent him a helping hand.
A. Not being B. Had it not been
C. Without being D. Not having been
8.Were she to leave right now, she ____ there on Sunday.
A. had got B. might have got
C. would get D. has got
9.The children in the backseat might have been seriously injured if the driver ____ that they wear seatbelts.
A. hasn’t been insisting B. hadn’t insisted
C. wouldn’t insist D. wasn’t insisting
BCB10.If only I ____ more careful that day!
A. could be B. would have been
C. should be D. had beenD
1. 虚拟语气的考点
1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；
2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；
3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；
4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；
5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。if引导的虚拟条件句区别:
If it rains tomorrow, the crops will be saved. 陈述语气 If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved. 虚拟语气If + 主 + did(were), 主+would/should/could/might
+动词原形If I were you, I would try it again.1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If +主 +had done sth, 主+would/should/could/might
+动词完成式（have done）If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.If + 主 + did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/
could/might +动词原形If you __________tomorrow, you _________
find the new manager working in the office. A. should come; would B. would come; would
C. will come; should D. comes; mightIf the parents ______at the hospital earlier after
the accident, the child would have been saved.A. arrives B. arrive
C. had arrived D. has arrivedIf he _________he ___________that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital
immediately.A. was warned; would not have taken
B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken
D. would have been warned; had not takenI didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she
__________, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come If my lawyer _______here last Sunday, he _______
me from going .A. had been; would have prevented
B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent
D. were; would have prevented倒装的If虚拟句
条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以倒装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他Were I you, I would try it again. Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out. If I were you, I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out._________the exam, he would have attend a college.A. If he passed B. Had he passed
C. Were he passed D. If he should pass_______five minutes earlier, you could have seen
them off.A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive
C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive ________it rain tomorrow, we should have to put
off the visit to the Science Museum.A. Were B. should C. would D. willwish引导的虚拟句I wish I remembered the address.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）How I wish he had not left.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）I wish it would rain tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish + that
How I wish
If onlydid/were 现在had done 过去would / might /would do 将来Exercises:“ Have you visited the Science Museum?”
“ No, but I really wish I _______.” A. had B. did C. have D. willI didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____there.A. was B. were C. had been D. wentI wish I _________ you yesterday.A. see B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
-----He is a brave man.
-----Yes, I wish I _________his courage.A. Have B. had C. will have D. would haveTom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _____me how.A. teaches B. will teach
C. has taught D. would teachThe picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I
___________to it.A. hadn’t gone B. haven’t gone
C. didn’t go D. could not have goneHow I wish I __________that! Everybody present
was angry with me.A. didn’t go B. hadn’t done
C. wouldn’t do D. wasn’t doing as if /though 区别： {He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA. 陈述语气He speaks English as if/ though he were
from the USA. 虚拟语气2. as if /though + Clause现在：
过去：
将来 :did /were(现在)had done(过去)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
He speaks as if he had been to the United States. would+动词原形(将来)虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood退一步 海阔天空even if/ though, wish,, if only等从句的虚拟与它相同。如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。If I were you, I would have taken his advice.从句表示现在，主句表示过去如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。从句表示过去，主句表示现在如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行工作了。从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now.If it hadn’t been raining those days, we should be going on with the works.注意:
主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句):
有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.
如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。
（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）
If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.
如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。） If you hadn’t lent me some money,
I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.
假若你不借钱给我， 我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。
（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）
名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词在表达建议、命令或要求的从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”．
一个坚决要求：insist
两个命令：command; order
三个建议：suggest; advise; propose
六个要求：demand; desire; require; request; ask; prefer
他们的名词形式：insistence;command;order;suggstion;advice;proposal;demand;desire;requirement;request;asking;preference
这些从句可以是宾语从句，主语从句，同位语从句或表语从句．
考题点击：
The teacher demanded that the work _____ before 4 o’clock.
A. finished B. be finished
C. should finish D.finish
2. --- What did the doctor say about your mother’s illness?
--- He suggested that she _____ an operation at once.
A. must have B. had C. have D. had had
3. The teacher ordered that students_______.
A.mustn’t smoke B.not smoke
C.smoked D.had smoked
BCB考题点击：
His suggestion that you _____ once more sounds reasonable.
A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try
2.He gave an advice that they ____ each other.
A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helpedAC注意:当suggest 表示“暗示”;insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟！His accent suggests he comes from Hunan.I insist that he was wrongHis silence suggested that he agreed with my decision He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people’s health. 虚拟语气特殊句型：1. would rather that现在：
过去：
未来：过去时过去完成时过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too.Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.2. It’s (about/high) time +that ---过去时should +V.你该走了。It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you were going.
It’s high time that you should go.我们该去睡觉了。It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed. 3. without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是
Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
Without your help, I would have failed.
But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.4. If only
(1) …要是就好了 = I wish
If only I knew his name!
If only we had followed your advice!
If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。
要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadn’t missed the train!(2) = as long as 常用陈述语气.
如果我们紧密团结就一定能战胜一切困难.
We can surely overcome these difficulties if only we are closely united.5.用在lest,for fear that和in case引导的状语
从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形
或动词原形。
She closed the windows lest she catch cold.
考题点击：
He took away the oxygen tank for fear that
it ______explode.
A. may explore B.exploded
C. explode D.had explodeC6. It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that---Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，
即（should）+动词原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.
It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.
It’s necessary that we should study hard.7. otherwise 和supposing也可以引导虚拟语气。例如：The storm stopped, otherwise the sailors would have fallen into the sea.I’m getting cold, otherwise I would keep her.Suppose(supposing) your friends knew how you are behaving here, what would they think?8.用 “may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首 May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ May you be happy!祝你快乐！ May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就
Long live the people! 人民万岁！ “God bless you,” said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” 含蓄条件句 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况: 1. 条件暗含在短语中。如： W hat would I have done without you?
(条件暗含在分词短语without you中) It would be easier to do it this way.
(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中) But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.
(暗含条件是but for your help) This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster.
(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast.
(暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified.
(暗含条件是alone) 2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如：
You might stay here forever.
(可能暗含if you wanted to)
We would have succeeded.
(可能暗含if we had kept trying)
I would appreciate a little of your time.
(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time) Choose the best answers:
1.If you _____ to see Mary, what would you tell her?
A. are B.will be going C.had D.were
2.If the whole operation ______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
A.was not planned B.has not been planned
C.had not been planned D.were not planned
3.If I ______ harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
A. had worked B. worked
C. were to work D. were working D.CA4.I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept B. slept
C. might have slept D. have slept
5 “You are very selfish. It’s high time you ____ you are not the most important person in the world,” Edgar said to his boss angrily.
A. have realized B. realized
C. realize D. should realize
6.If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _____ now.
A. wouldn’t be smiling B. couldn’t have smiled
C. won’t smile D. didn’t smile
ABA7.____ for my illness, I would have lent him a helping hand.
A. Not being B. Had it not been
C. Without being D. Not having been
8.Were she to leave right now, she ____ there on Sunday.
A. had got B. might have got
C. would get D. has got
9.The children in the backseat might have been seriously injured if the driver ____ that they wear seatbelts.
A. hasn’t been insisting B. hadn’t insisted
C. wouldn’t insist D. wasn’t insisting
BCB10.If only I ____ more careful that day!
A. could be B. would have been
C. should be D. had beenD