Grammar
过去分词作状语
1. review
1). Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. _________
2). He is retired. __________________
3). I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. _____________________
4). Once published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. ____________________-
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当____________, ______________, ____________, _____________。 2. 过去分词作状语
过去分词表完成、被动, 作状语时,其逻辑主语是________的主语, 且与主语之间存在着_________关系。过去分词作状语可表时间, 原因, 让步, 结果, 方式, 条件等。
观察下列的句子:
Once published, his works became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
=______________________________________________________________
PP作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
1) 过去分词作时间状语
. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water.
=_______________________________________________________________
When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed.
=________________________________________________________________
2) 过去分词作原因状语
Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.
=________________________________________________________________
Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.
=________________________________________________________________
3) 过去分词作条件或者假设状语
If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.
=________________________________________________________________
If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go.
=________________________________________________________________
4) 作方式或伴随情况状语
The hunter left his house, followed by his dog.
=________________________________________________________________
She sat by the window, lost in thought.
=________________________________________________________________
***Summary
1) 过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。
2) 过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与_________一致。
***过去分词有两大特点：
1). 表示________的动作；
2). 表示_________的动作, 因此,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系－－被动,
Rewrite with proper conjunctions
1). United we stand, divided we fail.
→If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided, we will fail.
2. Asked what had happened, he told us about it.
→______________________________________________________________
3. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
→_______________________________________________________________
4. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
→_______________________________________________________________ 5. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
→______________________________________________________________
6. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
→______________________________________________________________
7. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
→_______________________________________________________________
用过去分词作状语来改写句子。
1). As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
→ _______________________ , I was unsettled for the first few days.
2). If he is given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
→ _________ , he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
3) As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
→ ______________________________, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
4) When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense.
→ _______________________________, he became tense.
Compare
1). Following the old man, we went upstairs._____________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2). Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. ___________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3). 从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。
____ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. 4). 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。
____ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen
***过去分词与现在分词作状语
过去分词表___________,与主句____语之间是被动关系;现在分词表____________,与主句____语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。
Complete each sentence using the Past Participle of the right verb.
frighten trap follow shoot
1) _________ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dare to sleep in her room.
2) The lady returned home, ________ by two policemen.
3) If _______ in a burning building, you should send for help.
4) Although ____in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
Filling in the blanks.
1). I like reading the novels ______ (write ) by Zhang Ailing.
2). The girl ______ (write) a letter in the study is my cousin.
3).There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _______ (repair).
4). I want the doors of my new house ______ (paint) white.
5). There was a ________ (surprise) look on his face.
6). He was ______ (excite) at the good news.
7). The story was so ______ (move) that he was ______ (move) to tears.
Language points of reading2
1 They have assisted in the discovery of planets round the fourth star in the Pleiades system .他们已经帮助发现了昴宿星系中围着第四颗星旋转的行星.
1. assist 帮助，协助
assist sb to do sth ____________________________
assist sb in doing sth _____________________________
assist sb with sth _____________________________
assist in _____________ assist at _____________
1). You will be required to _____Mrs. Smith _____preparing a report.
2). ________________________whenever there is an opportunity.
有机会我会乐意帮助你的.
3). We’ll ________your wedding. 我们会出席你的婚礼的.
assistant n. ________________ assistance n. ________________
辨析: assist, help与aid
assist与help同义,但着重指“协助”, 受协助的人自己做一部分工作;
help可指具体或抽象意义上的“帮助”;
aid一般指缓助一群人, 尤指用金钱, 接受帮助的人较广泛。如：
She __________the hostess at the party. 她在舞会中帮助女主人。
They will ______you (to) attain the goal. 他们有助于你完成目标。
He is always_______ the students with money. 他总是出钱帮助那些学生。
2. They require the same atmosphere as humans and great engineers. 他们需要的空气跟人类的空气一样, 他们都是超乎寻常的工程技术人员。
Require n. 需要 _______________________
~n../ pron
~doing sth.
~hat-clause
~to do sth.
1).We______________________________. 我们需要额外的帮助.
2).The house________________________. 这个房子需要粉刷.
3).He__________________________________. 他要求看我的执照.
4).The situation requires __________________ . 这种形式需要我在那里.
Attention
(1) require, need, want用法一致,当物作主语时,其后可接动名词或不定式的被动语态。
(2) require接 that从句时,谓语动词用虚拟语气, 即 (should) +do
The flowers require/need/want watering /to be watered. 花需要浇水了。
辨析: require to do与require doing
都表示“需要做某事”, 接动词不定式时,句子的主语_______动词不定式的逻辑主语,接动名词时,句子的主语则是动名词的逻辑_________。如:
He requires to see my passport. 他要看我的护照。
The house requires painting/to be painted. 这房子需要油漆。
3. Suppose that……假设
1) conj. used when imagining what the result would be if something happened.
*It’s not worth the risk, suppose your mother found out?
_________________________________________________________________
* _________________________, what shall we do?假如他不在,我们怎么办?
2) conj. to suggest something; supposing 让…… (用于提出建议)
Suppose we go for a walk. 我们去散散步怎么样?
3) be supposed to do/be sth. 应当, 应该
