课件20张PPT。课标人教实验版高二 Module 6
Unit 4I. 代词 it
a. 用作人称代词, 代替前文提到的事物。
My watch is missing. I can’t find (it) anywhere．
Her father has gone abroad. Have you heard about (it)? b. 代替指示代词this, that。
What’s this? (It’s) a computer．
Whose pen is that? It’s mine．
c. 表示时间、天气、距离、季节、明暗等。
It’s time for lunch.
It’s getting warmer and warmer．It’s forty years since my hometown was liberated．
It’s summer now．
How far is it from here to the airport？
It’s about twenty minutes’ walk from here to the bus stop．II. 引导词：
a. 作形式主语, 代替由不定式, 动名词或从句表示的真正主语。其基本句型为：
It (形式主语) +adj. + to+ v.
It (形式主语) +adj. + that (subject (主语)+v. ) It (形式主语)+adj.+ whether (subject +v.)
It is ＋adj.＋for／sb. to do sth. (of )
It＋seems (appears)＋that (subject ＋v.) happens ① It is very important to help each other．
② It is no use / useless going there again．
③ It’s not decided yet when they will leave for Shanghai．
④ It seems that he has caught a cold. =He seems to have caught a cold． ⑤ Is ____?possible to master a foreign language in two months? A. now??B. that?? C. it? D. man
⑥ Is ____?necessary to tell his father the truth?
A. it? B. that???C. what? D. heb. 作形式宾语, 代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。其主要基本句型为:
主语＋谓语＋it (形式宾语)＋宾语补足语＋to do sth. (doing sth. 或that从句).① Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia．
② She thought it no use to write to him again．
③ They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job． ④ Do you think ___? difficult to work out this maths problem? A. that? ?B. very? ? C. yourself? D. it
⑤ Having been there many times, ___to find Mr. Wang’s house. A. it was easy for him B. for him it was easy C. he found it easy D. he found easy c. 用在强调句型中, 为了强调句子的某一成分(通常是主语、宾语或状语), 常用结构:
It is / was ＋被强调部分＋that (who) ….
I met Tom in the street yesterday． ① It was I who (that) met Tom in the street yesterday.
② It was Tom that I met in the street yesterday.
③ It was in the street that I met Tom yesterday.
④ It was yesterday that I met Tom in the street.主语宾语时间状语地点状语⑤ ____?she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment (预约) with the doctor.
A. It was not until
B. Not until it was
? C. Not until
D. Until it was not 1. It ___ for this reason ___ her uncle moved out of New York.
A. is ... which B. was ... why
C. was ... that D. were ... How
2. It was ___ he said at the meeting __ disappointed me.
A. what.., that B. that.., that
C. what.., what D. that.., whatDrills3. ---Wasn’t it Dr. Li who spoke to you just now?
--- ______ .
A. I didn't know he was B. Yes, he did
C. No, he didn't D. Yes, he was
4. Was it during the Second World War____ he died?
A. this B. then C. that D. while5. I don’t think _____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. it C. that D. its
6. Does ____ matter if he can't finish the job on time?
A. it B. this C. that D. he7. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but __didn’t help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
8. Was ___ in 1998 ___ your teacher graduated from university?
A. that.., that B. it... which
C. it... that D. it... when9. He felt ___ duty to work for human rights and progress.
A. it his B. his C. that is a D. that is his
10. ___ is no good ___ without doing anything.
A. This... talking B. It... to speak
C. That... to say D. It... talking11. All the children except my partner ___ late because of traffic jam.
A. is B. are C. was D. has been
12. Your new clothes fit you, but mine ___ me.
A. don’t fit B. doesn’t fit
C. don’t fit for D. aren’t fit课件27张PPT。课标人教实验版高二 Module 6
Unit 4(II) It的用法及强调句型 广东 刘超英口诀：
代词 it 本意它, 既可指这又指那;
时间天气均可指, 谈到距离也用它;
假主假宾均可做, 强调句型跟that。1. It was this village ___ I was bought.
A. where B. that
C. on which D. which
2. It was in this village ___ I was bought up.
A. where B. that C. on which D. which3. Can it be in the drawer ___ you put your passport?
A. where B. in which C. there D. that
4. It was July 1, 1997 ___ saw the return of Hong Kong to the motherland. A. that B. when C. which D. in which5. It is two years __ I joined the army.
A. before B. since
C. that D. after
6. It was two years ___ I joined the army.
A. before B. since
C. that D. after7. --- Was it under the tree ___ you were away talking to a friend?
--- Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.
A. that B. where C. which D. while
8. --- Why don’t we take a little break ?
--- Didn’t we just have ____ ?
A. it B. that C. one D. this9. It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcast began.
A. while B. which C. that D. since
10. ___ is the fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It11. It was about 600 years ago ___ first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
A. that B. until C. before D. when
12. I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them 13. It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty.
A. until B. that C. then D. so
14. It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it15. The Parkers bought a few house but __ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
16. ____ no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled.
A. It has B. There has
C. It is D. There is17. Was it in 1969 __ the American astronaut succeeded ___landing on the moon.
A. when; on B. that; on
C. when; in D. that; in
18. Was ___ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you
C. you D. that yourself19. ____ was in 1979 ___ I graduated from the university.
A. That; that B. It; that
C. That; when D. It; when
20. What a pity my new computer doesn’t work! ____ must be something wrong with it.
A. It B. There C. This D. That21. I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
22. Someone is knocking at the door, but who can ___ be?
A. one B. he C. she D. it23. A knock on the door made him look up. But ___ was only the manager.
A. this B. that C. she D. it
24. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____ .
A. who is he B. who he is
C. who is it D. who it is 25. Is ___ necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
26. Does ___ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
A. this B. that C. he D. it27. It worried her a bit ___ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
28. They have made __ a rule __in the room.
A. this; not to smoke B. it; smoking
C. it; to not smoke D. it; not to smoke课件54张PPT。课标人教实验版高二 Module 6
Unit 4Language Study 广东 刘超英A sample posterDiscovering useful words and expressions (P28) Go over the new words and phrases in the previous sections. Then complete each sentence with one of those new words or phrases.11. Charles Keeling collected ______on the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere over a forty-year period. He found that the amount of carbon dioxide _______ increasing during that time.datakept on2. Although we are burning coal in huge _________ every year, we won't ________ of it for centuries.
3. If the amount of greenhouse gases continues to _______ we could be facing a global __________ .quantitiesrun outbuild upcatastrophe4. Many scientists believe that global warming has __________ through the burning of fossil fuels. They do not think that ignoring the issue is worth the ____ .come aboutrisk5. ______ describes weather conditions over a period of years in a particular place.Climate 6. The _____________ of a rising sea level would be widespread flooding.
7. The use of energy in Susanna's country is low ______________ the use of energy in the USA.
consequencecompared to8. The warming of the earth is a _____________ that causes great concern.
9. The ________ shows temperature changes during the 20th century.
10. One hectare of forest can absorb 23 tons of carbon dioxide ____ year.phenomenongraphper Look at the two graphs on page 26. Then complete the paragraphs about them with appropriate words.
The first graph shows the global ____________ between ______ and _____ . 2temperature18602000 The temperature _________ and decreased over this period but on the whole it ______ by around one degree Fahrenheit. During this time, the earth reached its ______ temperature in about _____ and its highest in 2000. increasedroselowest1910 There was a steady _______ in the temperature during the twenty years after 1980. We can see from the graph that the earth has become ________ since early last century.
The second graph shows the amount of_____________ in theincreasewarmercarbon dioxide atmosphere from _____ to _____ . The carbon dioxide _______ steadily over this forty-year period. It went up from 315 to 370 parts ____ million.19571997perwent up Complete the sentences below with the correct word. Use a new word made from a word on the left and a suffix on the right.Using Words and Expressions (P63)11. Those factories are causing a lot of ________ with all their noise and smoke.
2. Yesterday the Prime Minister made a __________ announcing new laws to reduce water pollution.pollution statement3. The two countries have reached an _________ on the levels of greenhouse gases they will allow.
4. The quality of the air would improve if there was a ________ in the use of coal. agreement reduction5. The increase in the use of fossil fuels could have _____________ results for the earth.
6. We have lost thousands of trees because of a fire started by an ________ storm. catastrophic electrical7. This species of frog is the only one in __________ in this area. The rest have disappeared.
8. The two countries are ___________ in their use of natural gas. existence comparable9. Past accidents have shown that building nuclear power stations can be _____ .
10. Many people don't understand the ___________ of the world's environmental problems. risky seriousness11. I wonder whether these floods have been caused by ________ changes.
12. It is extremely ________ that the world will stop using fossil fuels this century.
climatic doubtfulAnswer key for Exercise 2 P64 : 1. It would make a big difference to our environment if we planted more trees around the school.22. The research resulted in a better understanding of changes in the climate.
3. I think our conference was very successful on the whole.
4. There is a wide range of energy sources: coal, oil, natural gas, water power, nuclear power and so on.
5. I think people turn up the heat in their houses too high and just waste energy.6. Even if there is a steady decrease in the use of oil fuels, the earth will still keep warming up.
7. The headmaster has stated that he is not going to put up with littering in the school.8. Since your bicycle is broken you can use mine, so long as you take care of it.
9. The consumption of the energy resources in the USA is almost 6 times as much as the average consumption of the whole world.10. I've glanced at your plan so now I want you to finish your final report.
Answer key for Exercise 1:
1. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.Discovering useful structures (P29)2. (They also believe) it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that is resulting in this increase in carbon dioxide.Explanation
由it引导的强调句结构：
It is (was)+被强调部分+that (who) + 句子其他部分
注意：此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。如：
原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening．
强调主语：It was my father who/that did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening．强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening．
强调时间：It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab．强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening．
e.g. It was in that city that we met for the first time．
It was not until he told me that I knew the truth．典型例题分析：
1) It was last night ____ I saw the film Star Wars．
A．who B．when
C．that D．which答案C 强调句的结构是：It + be + 强调部分 + that (who) +主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用who，其余用that。2) It is ten years ____ Miss Green returned to Canada．
A．that B．when
C．since D．as
答案 C考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A 其实本句不是强调句。 若是去掉It be…that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉‘It is…that, 只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。It is + 时间+since...，其中 is = has been.1. It was this village ___ I was bought.
A. where B. that
C. on which D. which练习:2. It was in this village ___ I was bought up.
A. where B. that
C. on which D. which3. --- Was it under the tree ___ you were away talking to a friend?
--- Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.
A. that B. where
C. which D. whileAnswer key for Exercise 2:
1. It is greenhouse gases that have warmed the earth by trapping heat energy in the atmosphere.
2. It is the greenhouse effect that gives the earth's surface the average temperature of 15 °C.3. It is fossil fuels that much of the energy used to light and heat our homes comes from.
4. It is the United Sates of America that is the biggest producer of greenhouse gases.5. It is for centuries that carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere while other greenhouse gases stay in the atmosphere only for a day or less.
6. It is their very existence that low-lying countries feel is in danger from rising sea levels.7. It is human activities that many scientists believe have caused the earth's temperature to rise.
8. It is future climate changes and their effects on our environment that scientists want to find out about.9. It is by several metres that the level of the sea could rise in the years ahead because of global warming.
10. It is outer space that might provide us with new energy sources in the future.Give a full answer to each question about Millennium Kids using the form it is/was... that ....
USING STRUCTURES (P64)When was the first children's conference on the environment organized in Australia?
It was in 1996 that the first children’s conference on the environment was organized in Australia. 2. Who runs Millennium Kids?
It is children that / who run Millennium Kids.3. Where can you find out more about Millennium Kids?
It is on the Internet that you can find out more about Millennium Kids.4. Where do the young people decide which projects they want to concentrate on?
It is at the yearly conference that the young people decide which projects they want to concentrate on.5. What is Millennium Kids asking you to reduce, reuse and recycle at the moment?
It is plastic bags that Millennium Kids is asking you to reduce, reuse and recycle at the moment.Answer key for Exercise 2:
Indeed, it was four Australian children who started it in 1996 when they organized the first children's environmental conference.2. It is at this conference that we decide which projects we want to work on in the following year.
3. It was through one of these projects about five years ago that I first became involved in Millennium Kids.
Homework
Make four sentences with "it" for emphasis.
课件51张PPT。课标人教实验版高二 Module 6
Unit 4 Listening
＆ Speaking 广东 刘超英 Sample sentences for checking
homework:
1. It was James who broke the window.
It was the little ants that destroyed
the whole building.3. It is her grandma who brings her up all these years.
4. It was the hope in his heart that enabled him to escape from the prison.Answer key for Exercise 1 (P62):
1. An organization run by kids for kids who are concerned about the environment.
2. 1996.3. Kids from all over Australia and from other countries; they decide which projects to work on in the following year.4. It teaches them about greenhouse gases and how they can cut down greenhouse gases by not travelling to school by car so often.5. You'd decide on an environmental problem that you'd like to solve. Then you'd work out a plan of action that has all the steps needed to solve the problem.6. Planting trees at school or on farms; looking after a piece of land; developing activities that reduce, reuse and recycle waste.7. On the Internet / on their website.
8. Because she believes that if we don't care for the environment, we and future children won't be able to survive.Answer key for Exercise 2(P62):Millennium KidsIt's for kids who are concerned about the environment.1996a yearly conference; school programmes eg a play called "The Horse who Saved the World"; environmental projectsplanting trees at school or on farms looking after a piece of land developing activities that reduce, reuse and recycle waste, such as plastic bagsThey have a website.Listening text
The listening text is an interview between some students and an Australian teenager about an environmental organization called Millennium Kids. MILLENNIUM KIDS
Julie, a teenager who belongs to an organization in Australia called Millennium Kids, is visiting a class. The teacher and students are asking her questions about the organization.TEACHER: Julie, can you tell us
about Millennium Kids?
JULIE: Sure. It's an organization
run by kids for kids who are
concerned about the environment. STUDENT: How was it started?
JULIE: It was started by four
Western Australian kids who
organized a children's conference
on the environment in 1996. Now
we hold a conference every year. Kids come to it from all over Australia
-- and also from other countries. It's
great fun. And we decide which
projects we'll work on in the following
year.
STUDENT: What sorts of things do
you do?JULIE: All sorts. For example, we
have a school programme that helps
kids understand about greenhouse
gases. Actually, we perform a play
called "The Horse who Saved the
World". We teach kids that they can
cut down greenhouse gases by not
travelling to school by car so often. It's so much better for our environment if we walk, ride a bike or go by bus, isn't it? (murmers of agreement).
STUDENT: Well, I already walk to school so what else could I do? JULIE: Oh, lots of things. You could work on a project with your friends. You'd decide on an environmental problem that you'd like to solve - it has to be one you think you can solve - it might be something to do with native animals, trees, air, water or waste. Then you'd work out a plan of action that has all the steps needed to solve the problem.
STUDENT: What are some of the projects kids have done? JULIE: Oh, there are so many. Let's see ... planting trees at school or on farms; looking after a piece of land; developing activities that reduce, reuse and recycle waste. Actually, at the moment, we're asking kids to find ways of reducing, reusing and recycling plastic bags - they are such a problem. STUDENT: Do you have a website?
JULIE: We certainly do. I'll write it on the board later.
TEACHER: Well, Julie, Millennium Kids sounds like a really good idea. JULIE: Yes, I love being a Millennium Kid. If we don't care for the environment, you, I and future children won't be able to survive. That's a pretty good reason to do something, don't you think?Sample discussion:
Sa: Plastic bags can be seen everywhere. Some people always leave litter everywhere including plastic bags.TALKING (P63) Sb: Yes. They shouldn't have done it. Sometimes we even find plastic bags hanging on trees. They spoil the beauty of the cities.
Sc: Apart from the facts that you mentioned, plastic bags are doing great harm to the environment. Sa: What do you mean ? Is it a very, big environmental problem?
Sc: Yes.
Sb: Can you explain why?
Sc: First, plastic bags are made from non-renewable resources. Sa: Does it mean those resources are lost to us if they are not recycled?
Sc: Exactly. Second, plastic bags pollute the soil because they can hardly break down. Sb: It sounds terrible!
Sc: The bad effects are more than that. Plastic bags kill seabirds, sea mammals and countless fish each year world wide.
Sb: But how does this come about? Sc: Plastic bags float easily in air and water and travel long distances. What's worse, when the animals die and break down, the plastic bag can become free again to kill another animal. Sa: It's time for people to do something about this problem.
Sb: Yes. But how ? We have to face the fact that 2 billion plastic bags are used every day in China. It's impossible to stop it in one day!
Sc: Yes. But people can use fewer and reuse them. Sa: So let's do it right now. And we should let more and more people know it.
Sb: Right. Hope everyone can do something to it. Together, individuals can make a big difference.Some common and unusual ways to reuse plastic bags.
You can use plastic bags to:
● store and freeze food
● store clothing
● take things when you go shopping ● pack school lunches in
● carry things when you're out
● crochet a rug
● crochet a big bag
● create artworkAnswer key for Exercise 1 (P65)1987Ian Kiernan competed in an around-the-world yacht race He was shocked at the pollution in the ocean. 1989Clean-up day for Sydney Harbour 40,000 volunteers; collected old car bodies, plastics, glass bottles, cigarette butts 1990the first Clean Up Australia Day 300,000 volunteers 2001Clean Up Australia Day most common kinds of rubbish: cigarette butts, glass bottles and plastic bags 1993the first Clean Up the World 30 million volunteers in 80 countries 2001Clean Up the World 40 million volunteers in 128 countries; cleaned streets, beaches, river banks and parks CLEAN UP AUSTRALIA DAY
Tom is giving a talk to his class about Clean Up Australia Day.
Today I'm going to talk about Clean Up Australia Day. Clean Up Australia Day is one day in the year when people get together and clean up their environment. Clean Up Australia Day started with this man –— Ian Kiernan. Ian is a great sailor and in 1987 he competed in an around-the-world yacht race. When he was sailing in this race, he was shocked at the pollution in the world's oceans. There was rubbish floating everywhere. So when he got back to Sydney he started organizing a clean-up day for Sydney Harbour. In 1989, 40,000 people volunteered to clean up the harbor. They collected tonnes of old car bodies, plastics of all kinds, glass bottles and cigarette butts.
It was so successful that lan organized the first Clean Up Australia Day. More than 300,000 people volunteered to help the first time it was held in 1990. After that in March, every year, more and more people help. Here's a table showing the most common kinds of rubbish found in 2001 on Clean Up Australia Day. You can see that the top three are cigarette butts, glass bottles and plastic bags. As much of the rubbish as possible is recycled - about 20% - and the rest goes to rubbish tips. Clean Up Australia Day works
very well – there are now many places that won't need cleaning this year because they're still clean from the last Clean Up Day. In fact, it has been so successful that we now have Business Clean Up Day, Schools Clean Up Day, as well as Clean Up Australia Day. After he started Clean Up Australia Day, Ian's next goal was to take his idea to the world. He got the support of the United Nations Environment Programme and, as a result, Clean Up the World started in 1993. In Clean Up the World's first year 30 million people in 80 countries were involved on a weekend in September. In 2001, about 40 million people from 128 countries took part. They cleaned streets, beaches, river banks and parks.Homework
Prepare a talk about “Clean Up China Day”.课件68张PPT。课标人教实验版高二 Module 6
Unit 4Reading 广东 刘超英 What is the greenhouse made and used for? A greenhouse is made of glass and is used for growing plants, especially during cold weather.How does it work?
The air inside is warm because the glass traps the heat from the sun and keeps it from escaping. This makes the greenhouse heat up and so the
plants can grow
throughout the
cold period.What are the “greenhouse gases”?
In the atmosphere surrounding the earth there are gases, which are called “greenhouse gases”, including carbon dioxide, methane(甲烷, 沼气) and water vapor.What do you think greenhouse
gases do?
They trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth.( Paragraph 1 )Introduce a debate over the issue of global warming. Raising a question(Paragraphs 2---4 ) Illustrate how global warming comes about.Giving examples, using graphs, explanation. (Paragraphs 5---10 ) List two different attitudes among scientists towards global warming.Giving examples, making contrast. (Paragraph 11 ) It's up to readers to think and decide whether people should do something about global warming or not. Using a question, leaving readers to think over the issue. 浓度单位Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.
Who wrote the magazine article? What is the name of the magazine?
Sophie Armstrong wrote the magazine article.
The name of the magazine is Earth Care.What are the names of the three scientists mentioned in the article?
They are Dr. Janice Foster,
Charles Keeling and George
Hambley.3. What do they think about global
warming?
Do they agree with one another?
They don't agree with each other.
Dr. Janice Foster thinks the effects of global warming could be very serious. George Hambley thinks global warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.
Charles Keeling believes it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that is resulting in a big increase in carbon dioxide.What are the two graphs about?
Graph I shows the temperature increase of one degree Fahrenheit between 1860 to 2000.
Graph 2 is about the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, 1958--1990.What is the main topic of the
article?
Global warming/ the warming of
the earth.2. True: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8
False: 1, 2, 4, 9, 10
Correct sentences:
1. The temperature last century increased
much.
2. Not everyone believes that global
warming is caused by human activities.4. Natural gas is not a greenhouse gas
but a fossil fuel.
9. George Hambley thinks that more
carbon dioxide is a positive thing and
it will make plants grow faster.
10. It is unknown what the effects of
global warming will be.Debate
Instructions
● Get into groups of six. Decide which three in your group are going to agree with the statement
(Group A) and which three are going to disagree with the statement (Group B).● Group A discuss why they agree with the statement; Group B discuss why they disagree.
● Group A and B get together. Tell each other the reasons why agree or disagree with the statement.Language points1．What do you think green house gases do?
你认为温室气体有什么作用呢?
▲本句中think后接了一个由what引导的宾语从句。但应注意的是：特殊宾语从句即当一般疑问句主句的谓语动词是 think, believe，suppose，consider, imagine，guess 和 suggest 等时，表疑问的词要放在主句前即句首。例如：
[正] Who do you think will win in the game?
[误] Do you think who will win in the game? 当然一般情况下宾语从句的疑问词应放在主句之后，例如：
[误] Why do you know we can't cut down the big tree?
[正] Do you know why we can't cut down the big tree?2. comparecompare to/ with
Compared to/with many women, she
was indeed very fortunate.
compare A with B
If you compare her work with his, you
will find hers is much better.
compare A to B
Poets have compared sleep to death.3. come about come about: take place; happen
Please tell me how the accident_____. I
am still in the dark. (2005 江西)
A. came by B. came out
C. came to D. came about得到，获得出来， 露出达到4. There is no doubt that….
There is some doubt whether….
辨析：主句为肯定句时，doubt 后
使用连词whether。主句为否定句
时，doubt后则使用连词that。 eg:
There's no doubt that one day a
cure will be found.
There is little doubt that he was
the killer.5. amount of
习惯用语：
an amount of 相当数量的; 一些
any amount (of) 任何数量(的); 大量(的)
be of little amount 不重要; 无价值 n. 数量
large amounts of money 大量的金钱
In an invoice the amount of money should be written both in words and in figures.
发票上的钱数要用字和数码写出来。6．Without the ‘green house effect’，the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.
如果没有温室效应，地球会比现在冷33℃。
▲这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句 应该注意有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for，but that，otherwise，or，but等。 例如：
Without your help ( = If we had not had your help)，we could not have succeeded．
要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。 But for electricity (= If there were no electricity)，there would be no modem industry．
要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。 He was having a meeting with his students；otherwise he would have come.
他当时正与他的学生进行讨论，否则的话他就来帮我们了。 He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party．
他昨天很累, 不然他就参加那个聚会了。7. result in 导致, 造成 =lead to The accident resulted in three people
being killed.
这一事故导致他的死亡。 The accident resulted in his death.result from ●result from 由…产生，发生
injuries resulting from a fall. The accident ______ the death of two passengers.
A. resulted from B. resulted in
C. resulted of D. resulted with8. on the other hand: used to give another opinion or fact that should be considered as well as the one you have just given 另一方面
also on the one hand. .. on the other hand I'd like to eat out, but on the other hand I should be trying to save money.
I want to go to the party, but on the other hand I ought to be studying.
我想去参加聚会，但从另一方面来说，我应该留下来学习。9. concern
n. a matter that relates to or affects one 有厉害关系；所关切的事
It’s no concern of mine. 这事与我无关。
n. worry, anxiety 担心；担忧
She showed great concern about you.
她很为你担心。to have to do with or relate to
涉及；与……有关或相关
Attend to what concerns you. 注意与你有关的事物。
v. To be of interest or importance to (常与with, about, in 连用) 关心；关照
We’re rather concerned about father’s health.
我们相当担心父亲的健康。10. consequencein consequence 因此
as a consequence 结果
as a consequence of 由于…的结果11. rangein /within range 在射程之内
out of / beyond range 在射程之外12. build upBuild up the business
Sediment (沉淀物)builds up on the ocean floor.
This built up my hope after the interview.develop 扩大, 发展 collect 累积, 收集 增加, 支持, 树立13. even if /though: used to emphasize that, although something may happen or may be true, it will not change a situation
I wouldn't tell you even if I knew. Even if she survives, she'll never fully recover.
Even though he's 24 now, he's still like a little child.
I can still remember, even though it was so long ago.Supplementary materials for debating
Global warming
1. The planet has warmed anywhere from 0.5 to 1.0°C (1 to 2°F) over the last century. This small amount makes a huge difference, causing glaciers to melt and, potentially (潜在的), sea level to rise. We could see even more of this in the future, (maybe another 3°C, or 5°F)global warmingglobal warming2. A definition of global warming would have to include a measurable, consistent temperature rise, like the one we have seen in recent history. A question remains – Is it an unusual change? Much debate about that one.3. The earth gets one kind of energy (visible light) from the sun and gives off another kind (infrared红外线). This kind is what gets trapped by "green house gases" (GHG's) in the atmosphere.Green house gases
4. The global warming green house effect really is a bogus(假的) term. A greenhouse keeps warm by physically trapping the air inside and preventing convection(对流). The atmosphere helps keep the planet warm by trapping outgoing radiation instead.5. The leading gasses are Carbon-dioxide, Methane, Ozone(臭氧) and Nitrous Oxide(一氧化二氮). Gas analyzers show the concentrations of this stuff have increased somewhat since the beginning of the industrial revolution. 6.The greenhouse effect raises the average temperature of the Earth by more than 30 degrees, so without it the Earth would be a very cold place! green house effectgreen house effect GREENHOUSE
Feeling helpless to do anything about global warming?
Find out how one family cut their own personal greenhouse-gas emissions by 65 percent--and how you can do the same.green house effect Homework
1. Read the passage again and review
the new words and expressions.
2. Prepare the debate in groups.
3. Preview Using Language -- WHAT
CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL
WARMING?课件47张PPT。课标人教实验版高二 Module 6
Unit 4Speaking
＆
Listening 广东 刘超英Warming up Fossil fuel (化石燃料) : Ancient animal and plant material below the surface of the earth with a high carbon content, such as coal, oil and natural gas, which can be burnt to produce energy. Also known as non-renewable energy because once they are used they have gone forever; they cannot be renewed. From the following pictures, you will know where all this energy comes from.windmillsa coal power stationan oil refinerya nuclear power plantsolar panelshydro-electric damSample listslightheatingcoalnon-renewableoilnon-renewabletelevision cassette player video recorder computer natural gasnon-renewable wind (wind power)renewable sun (solar energy)renewable uranium (nuclear energy)non-renewable fridgestovewashing machinehairdryerwater( hydro-electric)renewableplant waste (biomass energy)renewablehot springs or geysers (geothermal energy)renewablethe sea (tidal energy)renewableRenewable or non-renewable?√Renewable or non-renewable?√What is told in the picture?non-renewable energy source Notes to Renewable energy
Renewable energy resources may be used directly, or used to create other more convenient forms of energy. Examples of direct use are solar ovens, geothermal (地温) heating, and water and windmills. Examples of indirect use which require energy harvesting are electricity generation through wind turbines(涡轮) or photovoltaic(光电的) cells, or production of fuels such as ethanol(酒精) from biomass(生物量). Renewable energy (sources) or RES capture their energy from existing flows of energy, from on-going natural processes, such as sunshine, wind, flowing water, biological processes, and geothermal heat flows. Most renewable energy, other than geothermal and tidal power, ultimately(基本上) come from the Sun. Some forms are stored solar energy such as rainfall and wind power which are considered short-term solar-energy storage, whereas the energy in biomass(生物量) is accumulated(积聚) over a period of months, as in straw, or through many years as in wood. Capturing renewable energy by plants, animals and humans does not permanently deplete(耗尽) the resource. Fossil fuels, while theoretically renewable on a very long time-scale, are exploited at rates that may deplete these resources in the near future.I. Listen to the tape and answer and decide which statement Professor Chen does NOT agree with.
1. We'll have to stop using fossil fuels.
2. About 90% of the world's energy
comes from fossil fuels.3. We can replace fossil fuels with
renewable sources of energy.
4. Nuclear power is a good source of
energy.
5. In the future, we'll need new
technologies to replace fossil fuels.
6. It's the developed countries who are
to blame for producing most of the
carbon dioxide.A sample discussion
Sa: I agree with Li Bin. It is the developed countries that put most of the carbon dioxide into the air, so the developed countries are really the ones to blame and to pay for that.Sb: Well, I'm afraid I disagree with you. Professor Chen is right. Whatever we do, we have to do it as a global community. Developed and developing countries should work together to improve the environment.Sc: I hold the same viewpoint as Li Bin. In developed countries people are producing a large amount of carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming. Isn't it their duty to do something to decrease the speed of global warming?
Sa: Exactly.Sd: It is true that the developed countries are the ones to blame and they should do something. But is it right for developing countries to look on without doing anything? Remember we have only one earth, which is like a big family. All of us are family members. Think about this: In a family, if one child makes a mistake, what should his brothers or sisters do---blame him without doing anything or help him correct the mistake?Sa: I see. We should take part in the action instead of looking on and complaining.
Sc: I agree, too. Thank you. I've got a better understanding about this. Listening text (P31)
Background note
The USA is the largest energy user in the world and the largest producer of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. China comes second in both of these. China has been going through huge economic development, and has had as much growth in one decade as the industrial world experienced in nearly a century. However, it has been at a high cost to the environment. FOSSIL FUELS AND OTHER
FORMS OF ENERGY
Li Bin, a university student, is interviewing Professor Chen on the local student radio station about the use of fossil fuels and other sources of energy.LI BIN: Professor Chen, I've read that we’ll have to stop using fossil fuels if we want to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.
CHEN: Yes, that's right, Li Bin. However, this will be very difficult. You see, our modern industrial societies depend on the energy we get from fossil fuels. It's a very concentrated and cheap form of energy. So we're going to keep using it and therefore keep putting carbon dioxide into the air.LI BIN: Is it true that about 90% of the world's energy comes from fossil fuels?
CHEN: Yes, that's correct. And there is enough coal, gas and oil to last for centuries.LI BIN: Can't we just replace fossil fuels with renewable sources of energy like sun or wind power?
CHEN: I'm afraid not. It's not that simple. Renewable energy is not concentrated enough. And you need huge areas of land to produce large quantities. It's just not possible - not with the technology we have at present anyway.LI BIN: What about nuclear power? That's a good source of energy.
CHEN: Yes, I agree. It's concentrated and doesn't produce carbon dioxide but there is a limited amount of uranium --- the material you need to make nuclear power. And many people don't like it because of past accidents --- like the one at Chernobyl.
LI BIN: So what can we do?CHEN: Well, we need to find ways of using fossil fuels that don't put carbon dioxide into the air. And we need to produce more products that use less energy. It would also help a little if individuals cut down on the energy they used.LI BIN: But, sometime in the future, we'll need new technologies that will replace fossil fuels.
CHEN: Exactly. However, whatever we do, we have to do it as a global community. That means developed and developing countries will have to work together.LI BIN: But it's not the developing countries who put most of the carbon dioxide into the air. The developed countries are really the ones to blame.CHEN: Yes, that's true. But, we still have to work together because global warming is going to affect everyone. If our children and our children's children are to have a good future, we must ALL look after this planet.Homework
1. Review the new words and expressions you learned in this class.
2. Preview Reading.课件23张PPT。课标人教实验版高二 Module 6
Unit 4Writing 广东 刘超英 Answer key for Exercise 1:
Two of the most common and dangerous litter: cigarette butts and plastic bags.
Cigarette butts are small but bad for the environment: over 1,600 billion cigarettes are smoked each year and large quantities of butts are thrown away; Butts contain toxic chemicals; Decrease the quality of water; Endanger plants and animals. Plastic bags litter is a danger to the environment: Waste of non-renewable resources; Last from 20 to 1,000 years in the environment; Kill up to one million seabirds, 100,000 sea mammals and countless fish every year . Tom’s solutions:
1) Put them in the rubbish bin.
2) Not to let plastic bags become litter.
3) It would be better if they used fewer.
4) Recycled them.
5) Not to smoke.
6) Not use plastic bags at all. Answer key for Exercise 2 (P67)Cigarette butts and plastic bags are a serious environmental problem. Cigarette butts are small but bad for the environment. 1. Over 1,600 billion cigarettes are smoked each year in China. Many of these become litter.2. 4.5 trillion butts are littered every year in the world.
3. Butts are ugly.
4. Butts contain toxic chemicals; Decrease the quality of water; Endanger plants and animals.
5. Butts take up to 5 years to break down, so the toxic chemicals add up to a great amount.Plastic bags are a danger to the environment.Plastic bags are made from non-renewable resources. If they are not recycled, these resources are lost to us.
In China, 2 billion plastic bags are used every day. Many of these become litter. 3. Plastic bags last from 20 to 1000 years in the environment.
4. They can travel long distances in the air and water. They are in rivers, parks, beaches and oceans.
5. Plastic bags kill up to one million seabirds, 100,000 sea mammals and countless fish each year worldwide.6. After the animal breaks down, the plastic bag becomes free and can kill another animal.
The environment would be less polluted if we cleaned up cigarette butts and plastic bags. The best solution would be not to smoke or use plastic bags at all.Writing Task (P67)
Writing tips:
Step 1: Write out the thesis statement. (point of view)
Step 2: Write out the topic sentence of the first body paragraph.
Step 3: Give the supporting points and details about the first subtopic. Step 4: Write out the topic sentence of the second body paragraph.
Step 5: Give the supporting points and details about the second subtopic. (more body paragraphs ... )
● Now choose a topic from the below list that you feel strongly about. Make notes on your topic using headings similar to those in the table above. Use Tom's essay as a model to write your own.A sample list of environment topics:
air pollution, noise, soil erosion, water pollution, litter classification, desertification, make green by planting treesA sample version:
The Environmental Effects of Fossil Fuels
There is no doubt that fossil fuels bring a lot of good to us. But do you know that many of the environmental problems our country faces today result from our fossil fuel dependence. The environment faces air pollution, global warming, acid rain, and several other very serious problems because of our use of fossil fuels. Over the last 150 years, burning of fossil fuels has resulted in more than 25 percent increase in carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is one of the main factors in global warming which is negatively affecting everyone.
Fossil fuels also affect water pollution, land pollution, and thermal pollution (heat pollution).
Coal mining is one of the causes of pollution in the environment. After the mining is completed, the land will remain barren. Materials other than coal are also brought to the surface in the coal mining process, and these are left as solid wastes. The production, transportation, and use of fossil fuels are to blame for the effects of pollution on the environment. Then what should we do? We should spare no effort to improve our environment. Please save energy and use fewer fossil fuels in our daily lives.
