the subjuncive mood[上学期]

课件35张PPT。虚拟语气
Subjunctive虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的考点
1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；
2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；
3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；
4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；
5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。虚拟语气一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)：
一.虚拟语气在 在条件从句中虚拟语气[例句]
If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)
2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.
明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)
3. If I were you, I would go at once.
假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)虚拟语气在 在条件从句中高考例题
1） (1984年高考)
If there were no subjunctive mood, English____ much easier.
A. will be B. would have been

C. could have been D. would be

2） (1993年高考)
--- If he _______, he _____ that food.
----Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take
B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken
D. would have warned; had not taken

3） If he ___________ tomorrow, he would find Mr. Wang in the office.
A. comes B. will come
C. should come D. come
虚拟语气二、省略 if 的条件从句
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。
If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.

Were I to meet him tomorrow,…
If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.

Should he fail in the experiment…

虚拟语气在 在条件从句中虚拟语气三、错综时间的条件句
即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：If you _____ him yesterday, you _____ what to do now.
A. asked ; would know
B. had asked ; would have known
C. asked him ; know D. had asked ; would know虚拟语气1、记住：这些动词建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)后面接的宾语从句的动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
二.虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 I propose that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He commanded that he (should) be sent there虚拟语气注意：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气
Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do;
Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。
Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。虚拟语气[例句]
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
3)He insisted that he was right.1.He suggested that we ________ it at once. (do)
2.His face suggested that he _______ angry .(be)
3.We insisted that the meeting ______ off.( put)
4.Mike insisted that he __________ anything. (not steal)5. He insisted that she ___ (be) seriously ill and that she_________ (send) to hospitals at once. should dowasShould be put didn’t stealwasshould be sent虚拟语气10）(1997年高考)
Jane’s pale face suggested that she _______ ill, and her parents suggested that she ________ a medical examination.

A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has虚拟语气1. I wish I were a bird. (现在)
2. I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. (过去)
3. We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. (将来)虚拟语气2、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况：
1) 现在：用过去式
2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done)
3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do高考例题
11） (2002年上海春招) How I wish every family _______ a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has B. had
C. will have D. had had

12） (1988年高考) I wish I ________ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did seen
C. had seen D. were to see

3. would rather that现在:
过去:
未来:I would rather you paid me now.
I would rather you had gone, too.
Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时虚拟语气would prefer thatII.在宾语从句中He is not a pilot, but he wishes he______ (be).
I wish I___________ (meet) him
yesterday.
3.He ordered the work __________ (start)
at once.
4. I’d rather you _________(stay) at home all day today. were had metwould be(should ) be started stayed虚拟语气werehad met(should) startstayed虚拟语气１）．在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形
２）．在句型 “it is　requireddemandedrequested
　…that …”中，从句的谓语用 should + do
１．It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 　　我们有必要出去散散步。
２．It’s natural that she should do so. 　她这样做是很自然的。
３．It’s important that we should take good care of 　　　　the patient. 　重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 三．虚拟语气在 在主语从句中III.在主语从句中1. It is strange that he___________(make)
such a mistake. That’s unexpected.
2. It was required that each student ______(bring) enough food on the trip.should make bring　1. Is it necessary that he _____ the examination?
A. takes B. has to take
C. must take D. take
2. It is strange that he _____ you this.
A. would tell B. should tell
C. had told D. has toldshould makeshould bring虚拟语气主句的主语或同位语从句前面的词是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用 (should) + do.
Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.
四．虚拟语气在 在表语从句,同位语从句中Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.虚拟语气在as if as though从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).
一、as if 连接表语从句
she looked as if she were made of ice.
她看起来似乎是冰做的
he looked as if he hadn’t slept for two days.
二、as if 连接让步状语从 句
She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.
她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。
He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
五．虚拟语气在 在 as if, as though 从句中虚拟语气1. if only 意为：若是...那该多好啊; 真希望...; 只要, 只要...就好
表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态
If only I had arrived in time!
If only she didn’t drive so fast.
2. It’s (high/right) time that…
that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should + do
It’s time that you left here.
六．虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气3. 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气
Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. 虚拟语气中的几个特例VI.在其他句型中Even if he _______(be) here, he couldn’t solve the problem.
Without air, there __________(be) no living things.
But for your help, I __________________(not, do) it.
If only I ____________(take) his advice,
but I didn’t. werewould becouldn’t have done had takenwerewould be虚拟语气would not have donehad taken5. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _________________(come) to the meeting.
6. Look at the clock! It’s(high) time we _______________(go) home.would have come went/should gowould have comewent七． 某些简单句的固定句型：
Heaven help him!
God bless you!
May you succeed!
Long live the People’s Republic of China!虚拟语气虚拟语气简单的归纳虚拟语气在 在条件从句中：３种情况虚拟语气在 在宾语从句中：１，２，３虚拟语气在 在主语从句中：１，２虚拟语气在 在表语从句,同位语从句中虚拟语气在 在 as if, as though 从句中虚拟语气中的几个特例：１，２，３虚拟语气Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London.
A. would have missed B. had missed
C. would miss D. missed
2. If I knew you were coming, I ___ you at the airport.
A. had met B. met
C. would meet D. would have metExercisesAD虚拟语气3. If only I ___ to my parents! (But I didn’t.)
A. listened B. had listened
C. should listen D. would listen
4. Tom suggested that Ann ___ the house.
A. sell B. sold
C. shall sell D. would sell
5. I wish this bus ___ to the university.
A. go B. went
C. has gone D. had goneBAB虚拟语气6. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well.
A. get B. getting C. got D. should get
7. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there.
A. had been B. were C. was D. been
8. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then.
A. would lend B. would have lent
C. could lend D. may have lentCAB虚拟语气9. – Have you ever been to Beijing?
-- No, but I wish I ___.
A. have B. will C. do D. had
10. I don’t think it is the right time that you __.
A. will go B. went C. go D. must go
11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ＿＿＿＿. A. breaks?? B. has broken??
C. were broken?? D. had been broken DBC虚拟语气12.___tomorrow,we would have to put off the sports meet.
A. Were it rain B. Should it rain
C. Would it rain D. Will it rain
13.______ my advice , she couldn’t have been admitted to the key university.
A. If Mary shouldn’t accept
B. If Mary has not accepted
C. If Mary didn’t accept
D. If Mary had not accepted BDGood-bye