介词用法[上学期]
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课件15张PPT。 高考中的初中英语语法知识
介词用法
（ The use of preposition ） 介词 ( preposition ) 一 介词的分类与语法功能
1.介词是虚词， 不能单独做句子成分， 必须与名词、
代词（ 或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句 ）
构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。介词分为： 简单介词: at 、 in 、 on 、for 、 to 合成介词: within 、 inside 、 onto、
throughout .
短语介词: according to 、 out of 、
because of、 by means of、
in spite of 、 instead of 双重介词 ： from behind /above / under , until after
分词介词 ：considering , including , judging from /by
1. It is going to rain this afternoon according to the
weather forecast.2. He quarrelled with her yesterday.3. He succeeded in passing the final examination .4. I’m still thinking of how I can fulfill the task ahead of time. 5.The professor will give us a talk on how to study
English well.总结 1：介词后常接 名词、代词、动名词 、从句、 不定式组成介词短语。总结 2 : 介词短语在句子中可作表语、 定语 、状语和
宾补。This machine is in good condition .
Where is the key to my bike ?
Nothing in the world could live without air or water .
She always thinks herself above others二. 介词搭配
动词＋ 介词
rob sb of sth
( clear / inform /cheat / remind / accuse / cure . etc)
supply us with sth = supply sth to / for sb
( provide / fill )
make sth of / from / into 介词＋ the + 人体部位 （strike / catch / hit/ prevent sb from doing persuade sb into / out of doing sth ( advise/ warn /reason) buy sth for sb ( leave / get / win / gain / lose ) tell sth to sb ( show / teach / sing / write / read) give sth to sb( allow / promise / pass / hand ) say to sb ( suggest / explain / apologize / murmur /whisper) 同一介词与不同动词 （ to / for / at …
同一动词与不同介词的搭配 ( look / agree / hear / call /stand …2. 形容词＋ 介词
afraid / angry / anxious / tired / strict / good
popular / pleased / known / familiar
1. I’m afraid _____ being late for school because my
head teacher is very strict _____ us .
2. Einstein was known ______ his theory of relativity
_____ a famous physics scientist ______ the world .
3. He is angry _____ what his e-pal has said for he is
tired _____ being laughed at by others .
4. The boy is familiar ______ the fiction because it is
very popular ______ teenagers so far . 3. 名词＋ 介词
1. The absence / lack of water is the most serious problem .
2. The girl has a good way _____ studying English .
3. The key _____ success lies in diligence and wisdom .重点介词的用法归纳与辨析
表示世纪、年、月、 季、周 用 in / during ,
in the 1990s , in May , in spring ,in the first week of June
2. 在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上 、前夕 用 on3. 在某一时刻、 或某一点时间用 at .till , until , to 的用法。
1） till / until 与延续动词连用，用于肯定句，与短暂
动词连用用在否定句（ 在句首、强调句 不用till ).2) to 表终结常与from 连用 from … to …
from time to time from hand to hand
from door to door from house to house from one + 名词＋ to another 表 “依次”
名词 + by + 同一名词 one by one …5. in , after , later in + 一段时间 . 常用 一般将来时。
after + 一段时间 . 常用一般过去时。
after + 点时间 . 用各种时态。一段时间 ＋ later 过去时6 . 地点介词 : at , on , in , to , off
across , through
over , under
below , above
to （ 静态 ）, towards ( 动态 ）,along7. 表示方式、手段、 工具 的介词
by / through ( 表泛指 的方式、手段）
by (交通工具类）
by / with / in ( 方式、手段）1.The boy likes writing _____ a pen and especially
likes writing _____ blue and black ink .
2. He got full mark _____ his own effort, he often
contacts with his epals _____ email .
8. 表 “ 除… 之外 ” 的介词
besides ,
but ＝ except ，
except for ,
except that …注意： 1） 前面有不定代词、 疑问代词时，多用but
All but one are here .
Nobody but I likes literature .2） 后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but
He has nothing to do but wait .
3) 固定短语
have no choice but to do sth （只得做某事）
can not but do sth ＝cannot help but do sth (不得不）
but for / but that…（要不是）9. between / among (三者以上） 1） Mary is sitting _____ Tom and wang Li.
2） She was busy _____ cooking , washing , sewing and
looking after the baby .
3）Shanghai is _____the largest cities in the world .
4） A horse can be seen _____ trees now.
1. He didn’t come to the meeting ______ his illness .
2. The reason ______ his being angry is that he lost his
cell phone.
3. ______ a heavy snow , the highway has been closed up.
4. The accident is ______ the driver’s drinking .
10 表原因的介词：
for , because of , due to , owing to , on account of , as a result of 11. 不定式复合结构中的 for , of
1）It is clever ______ you to answer such a difficult answer.
2）It is mean ______ her to give me so little pocket money .
3）It is quite impossible _____ him to explain why .
4） It is hard ______ you to learn a foreign language
without perseverance .12 . 兼类词 （ 兼作连词和副词）
after since till / until before .
介词用法
（ The use of preposition ） 介词 ( preposition ) 一 介词的分类与语法功能
1.介词是虚词， 不能单独做句子成分， 必须与名词、
代词（ 或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句 ）
构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。介词分为： 简单介词: at 、 in 、 on 、for 、 to 合成介词: within 、 inside 、 onto、
throughout .
短语介词: according to 、 out of 、
because of、 by means of、
in spite of 、 instead of 双重介词 ： from behind /above / under , until after
分词介词 ：considering , including , judging from /by
1. It is going to rain this afternoon according to the
weather forecast.2. He quarrelled with her yesterday.3. He succeeded in passing the final examination .4. I’m still thinking of how I can fulfill the task ahead of time. 5.The professor will give us a talk on how to study
English well.总结 1：介词后常接 名词、代词、动名词 、从句、 不定式组成介词短语。总结 2 : 介词短语在句子中可作表语、 定语 、状语和
宾补。This machine is in good condition .
Where is the key to my bike ?
Nothing in the world could live without air or water .
She always thinks herself above others二. 介词搭配
动词＋ 介词
rob sb of sth
( clear / inform /cheat / remind / accuse / cure . etc)
supply us with sth = supply sth to / for sb
( provide / fill )
make sth of / from / into 介词＋ the + 人体部位 （strike / catch / hit/ prevent sb from doing persuade sb into / out of doing sth ( advise/ warn /reason) buy sth for sb ( leave / get / win / gain / lose ) tell sth to sb ( show / teach / sing / write / read) give sth to sb( allow / promise / pass / hand ) say to sb ( suggest / explain / apologize / murmur /whisper) 同一介词与不同动词 （ to / for / at …
同一动词与不同介词的搭配 ( look / agree / hear / call /stand …2. 形容词＋ 介词
afraid / angry / anxious / tired / strict / good
popular / pleased / known / familiar
1. I’m afraid _____ being late for school because my
head teacher is very strict _____ us .
2. Einstein was known ______ his theory of relativity
_____ a famous physics scientist ______ the world .
3. He is angry _____ what his e-pal has said for he is
tired _____ being laughed at by others .
4. The boy is familiar ______ the fiction because it is
very popular ______ teenagers so far . 3. 名词＋ 介词
1. The absence / lack of water is the most serious problem .
2. The girl has a good way _____ studying English .
3. The key _____ success lies in diligence and wisdom .重点介词的用法归纳与辨析
表示世纪、年、月、 季、周 用 in / during ,
in the 1990s , in May , in spring ,in the first week of June
2. 在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上 、前夕 用 on3. 在某一时刻、 或某一点时间用 at .till , until , to 的用法。
1） till / until 与延续动词连用，用于肯定句，与短暂
动词连用用在否定句（ 在句首、强调句 不用till ).2) to 表终结常与from 连用 from … to …
from time to time from hand to hand
from door to door from house to house from one + 名词＋ to another 表 “依次”
名词 + by + 同一名词 one by one …5. in , after , later in + 一段时间 . 常用 一般将来时。
after + 一段时间 . 常用一般过去时。
after + 点时间 . 用各种时态。一段时间 ＋ later 过去时6 . 地点介词 : at , on , in , to , off
across , through
over , under
below , above
to （ 静态 ）, towards ( 动态 ）,along7. 表示方式、手段、 工具 的介词
by / through ( 表泛指 的方式、手段）
by (交通工具类）
by / with / in ( 方式、手段）1.The boy likes writing _____ a pen and especially
likes writing _____ blue and black ink .
2. He got full mark _____ his own effort, he often
contacts with his epals _____ email .
8. 表 “ 除… 之外 ” 的介词
besides ,
but ＝ except ，
except for ,
except that …注意： 1） 前面有不定代词、 疑问代词时，多用but
All but one are here .
Nobody but I likes literature .2） 后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but
He has nothing to do but wait .
3) 固定短语
have no choice but to do sth （只得做某事）
can not but do sth ＝cannot help but do sth (不得不）
but for / but that…（要不是）9. between / among (三者以上） 1） Mary is sitting _____ Tom and wang Li.
2） She was busy _____ cooking , washing , sewing and
looking after the baby .
3）Shanghai is _____the largest cities in the world .
4） A horse can be seen _____ trees now.
1. He didn’t come to the meeting ______ his illness .
2. The reason ______ his being angry is that he lost his
cell phone.
3. ______ a heavy snow , the highway has been closed up.
4. The accident is ______ the driver’s drinking .
10 表原因的介词：
for , because of , due to , owing to , on account of , as a result of 11. 不定式复合结构中的 for , of
1）It is clever ______ you to answer such a difficult answer.
2）It is mean ______ her to give me so little pocket money .
3）It is quite impossible _____ him to explain why .
4） It is hard ______ you to learn a foreign language
without perseverance .12 . 兼类词 （ 兼作连词和副词）
after since till / until before .