高中英语知识网络[上学期]
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高中英语知识网络
一、句子种类
陈述句 结构特点 正常语序，即主谓语序
肯定陈述 We study English.
否定陈述 We don’t like English.
疑问句 结构特点 倒装语序，即谓语或谓语的一部分被提到主语前
一般疑问句 能用yes或no回答，意味“……吗？”
特殊疑问句 提出具体问题，要求具体回答
结构 疑问词＋一般疑问句（疑问词做主语除外）
选择疑问句 提供两种以上情况，要求选择回答，用or等词连接
反意疑问句 对某种情况有一定判断，但需要提问证实。回答用yes或no
结构 陈述句＋简短问句（前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定）
注意 回答反意疑问句时，要根据答案本身肯定与否定来选用yes或no
祈使句 表示请求或命令。祈使句的主语是第二人称you，句中一般省略
结构 肯定式 原形动词（＋其它）。如：Come in, please. Be quiet!
否定式 Don’t＋原形动词（＋其它）。如：Don’t be late next time.
感叹句 结构 What＋名词＋主谓结构！如：What nice weather it is!
How＋形容词或副词＋主谓结构！如：How cold it is today! How hard she studies!
二、句子类型
简单句 结构 只有一个主谓结构的句子（可以有多主语或多谓语）
例句 Many people are out of work nowadays.Li lin and I often work together and help each other.
并列句 结构 有两个（或两个以上）主谓结构（即分句），各分句间常用并列连词and，but，or，so，for（因为）等连接，并用逗号隔开
例句 You must hurry, or you’ll be late.It must be snowing, for it is so bright outside.
复合句 结构 由一个主句和一个（或一个以上）从句构成，主句是句子的主体，从句从属于主句，只做主句的一个成分，从句由从属连词引导（详见从句做句子成分部分）
例句 It is known to us all that Li lin is honest.（主语从句）Do you know that what I mean （宾语从句）
三、倒装句
概念 把谓语的全部或一部分提到主语前叫倒装。倒装句有时是语法要求（如大多数疑问句和there be句型），有时是为了表示强调。
几种类型及例句 A. 以never, hardly, seldom, neither, nor, little, not until, no…sooner than等否定词和only开头的句子。如：Not until the war was over did he see his wife.
B. 把so或neither，nor放句首，表示前面的情况也适用于后面如：My wife enjoys listening to music. So do I.
C. 让步状语从句可把表语提前，用as引导主系结构；也可把although提前，后跟主系正常结构。表语＋as＋主系结构（或although＋主系正常结构） 如：Old as he is, he works hard. (=Although he is old, …)
D. 虚拟语气的条件句可倒装，即were, had, should＋主要动词如：Had you asked me, I would have helped you.(=If you had asked me,…)
E. 强调表语或状语 如：In front of the house stands a tall tree.
F. 直接引语后注明谁讲的话（主语是名词时用，代词不用）如：“Let’s begin our class,”said the teacher(or he said).
四、强调句
句式：It is(was)＋强调成分＋that（强调部分为人时，可以用who）…
可强调成分及例句（以普通句I met her in the street yesterday为例）：A.强调主语 如：It was I that (who) met her in the street yesterday.B.强调宾语 如：It was her that I met in the street yesterday.C.强调状语 如：It was in the street that I met her yesterday. It was yesterday that I met her in the street.
五、句子成分
成分 含义 可做该成分的形式
主语 一句话的主体，说明“谁”、“什么”等 名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动名词、不定式、从句
谓语 回答主语“是什么”、“怎么样”等 动词（谓语动词）
宾语 接收动作的对象或介词涉及的对象 与做主语的相同
表语 用于系动词之后，说明主语的身份、状态、性质、特征等。系动词＋表语＝谓语 名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句
补语 补充说明宾语（被动语态中的主语） 名词、形容词、不定式（see, let等后不带to），分词、副词等
定语 修饰、限制名词或代词的成分 形容词、代词、数词、名词、名词所有格、分词、动名词、副词、介词短语、不定式、从句
状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 副词、介词短语、不等式、分词、独立主格结构、从句
同位语 紧跟在一个名词或代词后，进一步说明它 名词、从句等
注意：一般的句子至少有主语和谓语两个部分。谓语只有动词能做，在不表示动作的谓语中，勿丢掉动词。
六、句子（从句）
名词性从句 主语从句 做主语，用that，whether，what（＝the thing that）等连接词（原疑问词）引导
宾语从句 做宾语，用that（可省略），if，whether（or not），what（＝the thing which）等连接词（原疑问词）引导
表语从句 用that（一般不省略），whether，what（＝the thing which）等连接词（原疑问词）引导
同位语从句 用that（常用在news，thought，idea等词后），whether等连接词（原疑问词）引导
形容词性从句 定语从句 做定语，修饰名词或代词，这个被修饰的词叫做先行词
引导词（本身也做从句中的句子成分） 关系代词 who指人，做主语；whom指人，做宾语（可省）；whose指人或物，做定语；which指物，做主语、宾语（可省）；that指人或物，做主语、宾语（可省）
关系副词 when做时间状语；where做地点状语；why做原因状语；how做方式状语
限制性定语从句 定语从句紧跟在所修饰的词后面，与被修饰的词关系密切，没有它主语意思就不完整。一般的定语从句多为此类。
非限制性定语从句 定语从句是先行词的补充说明，去掉它主语意思清楚，常用逗号与主句隔开，关系词不用that
副词性从句 状语从句 类型 连词
时间 when, while, until, as soon as, before, after, etc.
地点 where, wherever
原因 because, since, as, once, etc.
条件 if, unless, as (so) long as（只要）, in case（假如）
目的 so that, in order that, etc.
结果 so (such)…that, etc.
让步 though, although, whoever, no matter who, etc.
比较 than, as…as, etc.
七、短语
短语类型 构成 功能
介词短语 介词＋名词/代词（做介词的宾语）
动名词短语 动名词＋自己的宾语和（或状语） 同动名词
不定式短语 不定式动词＋自己的宾语和（或状语） 同不定式
分词短语 分词＋自己的宾语和（或状语） 同分词
八、单词（实词）
名词：表示人或事物的名称。 见附表1
代词：指代人或事物。 见附表2
动词：表示动作或状态。 见附表3
形容词：表示人或事物的特征。 见附表4
副词：表示行为特征或性状特征。见附表4
数词：表示数量或顺序。 见附表5
九、构词法
构词方法 举例
合成法 blackboard, man-made, overthrow, however, everyone
转化法 hand(n.)－hand(v.) break(n.)－break(n.) empty(adj.)－empty
派生法 加前缀：dis-, in-, re-, un-, non-
加后缀：-able, -al, -an, -ful, -ive, -er, -ese, -ist, -ment, -ness, -tion, -fy, -ian, -ing, -is(z)e, -ly, -teen, -ty, -th, -y
附表1 名词
可数名词 个体名词 teacher, student, piano 功能
集体名词 family, committee, people 名词在句中可做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语
不可数名词 物质名词 wood, water, steel
抽象名词 friendship, progress
专有名词 John, Smith, Beijing
名词所有格 由名词右上方+’s或“’”构成。如：Women’s Day, students’ reading-room, Tom’s uncle
名词的复数 可数名词数量在二或二以上。构成略。
附表2 代词
代词类别 例 词 功 能
人称代词 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 只做主语
宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 做及物动词或介词的宾语
物主代词 形容词性 my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their 只做定语
名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 做主语、宾语、表语
反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 做宾语、同位语、表语
指示代词 this, that, these, those 做主语、宾语、定语、表语
相互代词 each other, one another 做宾语
疑问代词 who, whom, what, which, whose, etc. 引出疑问句
关系代词 that, who, whom, whose, etc. 连接定语从句
不定代词 some, any, no, either, neither, all, none, each, somebody, no one, everybody, etc. 视情况而定，一般的可做定语、主语、宾语等
附表3 动词
附表3.1 谓语动词
附表3.1.1 时态
时 态 构 成 时间特点
一般现在时 动词原形（第三人称单数+s） always, usually, often, sometimes, every…,etc.
一般过去时 动词过去式 yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last…,…ago, etc.
一般将来时 will（shall）+动词原形 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next…, in two days, etc.
be going to+动词原形
过去将来时 would+动词原形 多用于间接引语的宾语从句中
现在进行时 am（is, are）+现在分词 now, during these days, etc.
过去进行时 was（were）+现在分词 at eight（this time）yesterday, etc.
现在完成时 have（has）+过去分词 already, just, yet, since, for…, etc.
过去完成时 had+过去分词 by…,before, etc.
现在完成进行时 have（has）+been+现在分词 for…, since…, etc.
附表3.1.2 语态
主动语态 主语为施动者 如：We study English, French, Russian, Italian and Chinese.
被动语态 主语为受动者 构成 be+过去分词 如：He is respected by us all.
注意：被动语态也有时态的变化，也可以与情态动词一起使用。如：The road is being built now. This machine can be used to detect gold.
附表3.1.3 虚拟语气
一、带条件句和结果句的虚拟语气
虚拟类型 条件句 主 句
与现在事实相反 过去式（be用were） should, would, could, might +原形动词
与过去事实相反 had +过去分词 should, would, could, might +have +过去分词
与将来事实相反 should +原形动词were to+原形动词过去式 should, would, could, might +原形动词
二、其它形式的虚拟句
A．虚拟条件句有时被介词短语代替或省略虚拟条件句或主句。
B．wish, suggest, demand, propose等词后面的宾语从句的谓语用should（可省略）+原形动词表虚拟
C．在wish后面的宾语从句中，谓语用过去时态表虚拟。
D．It is time that we went home. May you succeed! 等为特殊虚拟句。
附表3.2 非谓语动词
类 别 形式（以do为例） 功 能
动名词 doing 做主语、表语、宾语、定语
不定式 to do 做主语、宾语、宾补（在let, make, see, feel, notice等动词后做宾补时不带to）、表语、状语、定语
分词 现在分词 doing 做定语、表语、状语、宾补（常用在see, find, feel, keep, get, have等动词之后）
过去分词 done
注意：不定式和现在分词有时态、语态的变化。见下表（以do为例）
时态语态 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时
主动语态 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to have been doing
现在分词 doing ------------- having done -------------
被动语态 不定式 to be done ------------- to have been done -------------
现在分词 being done ------------- having been done -------------
附表4 形容词和副词
项目 功能
形容词 做定语、表语、宾补
副词 做状语、表语、定语、宾补
常用句型 A．as+原级+as；not so（as）+原级+as
B．比较级+than
C．the+最高级+介词短语
D．one of the+最高级+名词复数
E．the more…, the more…
比较级和最高级 构成略
附表5 数词
基数词 功能 做主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语
读法三要点 A．记31个词：基数词1~19，20~29整十位数和hundred, thousand, million, billion
B．会读个、十、百位数
C．由右向左每三位数前的逗号分别读做thousand, million和billion,逗号之间的按百位以内的数读
注意 A．表示“几百”、“几千”时，hundred, thousand等词不加s
B．hundred, thousand等词为复数时做名词，表示“数量很多”的意思
序数词 构成 A．一般的基数词后+th，多位数的基数词只变最后一位。如：ten→tenth
B．整几十的基数词，去掉词尾的y再加ieth，如：thirty→thirtieth
C．几个不规则词：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth
功能 做定语，前面加the；年、月、日中的日；表示“第几”时；分数中的分母
听
辨 音 从所给的三个选项中选出所听到的单词或短语
语句理解 根据所听句子，判断是否与所给句子相符、相近或选择答案
情景反应 根据所听内容，作出相应反应或选出正确的应答语
对话理解 根据所听到的简短对话及所提出的问题，判断是否与所给句子相符或选择正确答案
语篇理解 根据所听到的一段对话、独白或短文内容及所提出的问题，选择正确答案或填入所缺单词
写
常见题材 叙述文
说明文
描写文
议论文
应用文
看图作文
基本构成 主题部分
发展部分
结尾部分
基本思路 确立主题
列出大纲
搜集材料
选择材料
罗列材料
说
基本要求
学会用英语思维 注意培养英语语感 正确区分交际场合 了解英语社交功能
读
基本技能 准确获取有效信息的能力
领会推断隐含意义的能力
扫读（scanning）
略读（skimming）
基本题型及解题思路 掌握语篇或段落主旨大意 从文章或段落中找出主题句
理解文中某些（事实）细节 如数字等，可直接从文中找出
对文章进行概括、归纳，推断深层含义 根据事实、细节、自然景物等的描写，从单句或短文中进行推断
判断词义 从句子结构、段落、文章中推断
借助作者对词义的解释
运用常识进行判断
根据构词法推断词义
领会作者意图，理解人物性格 根据人物对话、动作或心境等判断
辨认图形及数据推理 根据文章提供的事实、细节等推断
日常交际用语
1. 问候Greetings
a. Good morning/afternoon/evening.
Hello/Hi.
How are you
Fine, thank you, and you
Very well, thank you.
b. Best wishes/regards to...
Please give my regards/love to...
Say hello to...
Please remember me to...
2.介绍Introductions
a. This is Mr /Mrs/Miss/comrade...
May I introduce you to...
I’d like you to meet...
b. How do you do
Nice/Glad/Pleased to see/meet you.
Nice meeting you, Mr/Mrs/Miss...
c. My name is...
I’m a (student/teacher, etc.).
d. I’m Chinese.
3. 告别Farewells
a. I’m afraid I must be leaving now.
I think it’s time for us to leave now.
It’s time I met/did... I have to go now.
b. Good-bye! (Bye-bye! Bye!)
See you later/tomorrow (See you).
Good night.
4. 感谢和应答Thanks and responses
a. Thank you (very much).
Thanks a lot.
Many thanks.
Thanks for...
b. It’s very kind of you to...
Not at all.
It’s/That’s all right.
You’re welcome.
5. 祝愿、祝贺和应答Good wishes,
congratulations and responses
a. Good luck!
I wish you good luck/success!
Good journey (to you)!
Have a good trip.
Have a nice/good time.
b. I’d like to congratulate you on...
Thank you.
c. The same to you.
Happy New Year!
Merry Christmas!
Happy birthday to you.
6. 道歉、遗憾和应答 Apologies, regrets,
sympathies and responses
a. Sorry/Pardon.
I’m sorry.
I’m sorry for /about...
I’m sorry to...(have +v.-ed)/that...
b. Excuse me (for...).
I’m afraid of...
What a pity/shame!
It’s a pity that...
c. That’s all right.
It doesn’t matter.
That’s nothing.
7.邀请与应答
Invitations and responses
a. Will you come to...
Would you like to...
I’d like to invite you to...
b. Yes, I’d love to (...).
Yes, it’s very kind/nice of you.
c. I’d love to, but...
8.提供（帮助等)和应答
Offers and responses
a. Can/Could/Shall I help you
Would you like me to...
Is there anything ( else) I can do for you
Do you want me to...
Let me do/carry/help... ( for you).
Would you like some...
b. Thanks. That would be nice/fine.
That’s very kind of you.
Thank you for your help.
Yes, please.
Here, take this/my...
c. No, thanks, I can manage it myself.
Thank you all the same.
That’s very kind of you , but ...
9.约会Making appointments
a. Are you /Will you be free this afternoon
How about tomorrow morning/afternoon
Shall we meet at 4:30 at ...
b. Yes, that’s all right.
c. Yes ,I’ll be free then.
d.. No, I won’ t be free then . But I’ll be free. ...
All right. See you then.
10.意愿与希望Intentions and wishes
a. I’m going to...
I intend/mean/plan to...
I will...
I feel like v.-ing (going out for a walk).
I’d like to...
I (do not) want/hope to...
I’m ready to...
I would rather not tell you.
b. I want/hope/wish to...
I wish that...
I would like to...
If only I could see him.
11.请求、允许和答应
Asking for permission and responses
a. May I...
Can/Could I...
I wonder if I could...
Would you mind if I open the window
b. Yes/Sure/Certainly.
Yes , (do)please.
Of course (you may).
Go ahead , please.
That’s OK/ all right.
Not at all.
c. I’m sorry you can’t.
I’m sorry , but...
You’d better not.
12.同意和不同意
Agreement and disagreement
a. Certainly/Sure/of course.
No problem.
Yes, please.
Yes, I think so.
That’s true.
All right/OK
That’s a good idea..
It’s a good idea to/that...
I/We agree with you.
I agree to.../that-clause.
b. No, I don’t think so.
I’m afraid not.
I’m afraid I (really) can’t agree with you.
13.喜好和厌恶Likes and dislikes
a. I like/love...(very much).
I like/love to...
b. I don’t like(to)
I hate (to)...
14.决断和坚持Determination,
decision and insistence
a. I will...
I have decided to/that...
I have decided wh-clause...
b. I insist on/that...
15.判断和意见Judgement and opinion
a. It certainly is.
It’s correct to do...
Well done/Good work!
b. In my opinion...
It seems...
So far as I know...
16.职责Obligation
You must/have to/should/ought to...
It is necessary to/that...
17.能力Ability
I can...
He is able to...
18.偏爱Preference
I prefer... to...
He’d prefer them not to...
He’d rather begin at once.
19.责备和抱怨Blame and complaint
a. He is to blame.
She blamed him for...
He shouldn’t have done it.
b. I’m sorry to have said that, but…
Why can’t you do something about it
20.肯定和不肯定
Certainty and uncertainty
a. I’m sure (of that).
I’m sure (that).
b .I’m not sure that.
I’m not sure whether /if...
I doubt if...
c. Perhaps/ Maybe.
21.禁止和警告
Prohibition and warnings
a. You can’t/ mustn’t...
If you..., you ’ll...
You’d better not do it.
Don’t be late!
b. Look out!
Take care!
Be careful!
22.可能和不可能
Possibility and impossibility
a. He can/may...
It is possible that...
b. He may not ...
He is not likely to...
It is likely that...
23.预见、猜测和相信
Prediction, conjecture and belief
a. He will...
b. I guess that...
He must have done...
It seems (that)...
It looks as if..
c. I believe that he is right.
24.请求Requests
a. Can/Will/Could/Would you...for me
Will/Can/Could/Would you please...
May I have...
b. Please give/pass me...
Please wait (here/a moment).
Please wait (for) your turn.
Please stand in line/line up.
Please hurry.
Make sure that..., please.
c. Don’t rush (hurry)/crowd.
No noise, please.
No smoking, please.
25.劝告和建议
Advice and suggestions
a. You’d better (not)...
You should/ought to...
You need (to)...
I suggest that...
b. Shall we...
What/How about...
Why not...
Why don’t you...
26.许诺Promises
I promise...
You shall have...tomorrow.
I will give...to you.
27.提醒Reminding
Don’t forget to...
Don’t you remember the days when...
Make sure that everything is OK now.
28.表示焦虑Expressing anxiety
What’s wrong
What’s the matter (with you)
I’m/He’s/She’s worried.
Oh, what shall I/we do
We were all anxious about...
29.表示惊奇Expressing surprise
Really
Oh, dear!
Is that so
Good heavens!
30.表示喜悦Expressing pleasure
I’m glad/pleased/happy to...
That’s nice/wonderful/great.
Hopefully tomorrow will turn fine.
31.谈论天气
Talking about the weather
a. What’s the weather like today
How’s the weather in...
b. It’s fine/cloudy/windy/rainy...
It’s getting cold/warm...
It’s rather cold/hot today, isn’t it
It’s a beautiful day today.
32.购物Shopping
a. What can I do for you
May/Can I help you
b. I want/I’d like...
How much is it
That’s too expensive, I’m afraid.
That’s fine, I’ll take it.
Let me have...
c. How many/much do you want
What color/size/kind do you want
d. Do you have any other kind/size/color
33.问路和应答
Asking the way and responses
a. Excuse me. Where’s the men’s/ladies’ room
Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to...
How can I get to... I don’t know the way.
b. Go down this street.
Turn right/left at the first/second crossing.
It’s about...metres from here.
Go straight ahead till you see...
34.问时问、日期和应答
Asking the time, date and responses
a. What day is (it) today
What’s the date today
Excuse me. What time is it by your watch
What’s the time, please
b. It’s Monday/Tuesday...
It’s January 10th.
It’s five/twenty-five/a quarter past (to) six.
It’s time for/to...
35.就餐Taking meals
a. What would you like (to have)
Would you like something (to eat/drink)
b. I’d like...
A piece of cookie/two eggs..., please.
c. Would you like some more...
Help yourself to some...
d. Thank you. I’ve had enough.
I’m full, thank you.
Just a little, please.
36.打电话Making phone calls
a. Hello! Is (Tom) in
May/Could I speak to...
Is that... (speaking )
b. Hold on, please.
Hello, who is it
He/She isn’t here right now.
Can I take a message for you
c. Hello, this is...speaking.
I called to tell/ask you...
37.传递信息Passing on a message
a. Wi1l you please give this note/message to...
b....asked me to give you this note.
c. Thanks for the message.
38.看病Seeing the doctor
a. There’s something wrong with...
I’ve got a headache and a cough.
I feel terrible (bad).
I don’t feel well.
I’ve got a pain here.
This place hurts.
b. Take this medicine three times a day.
Drink plenty of water and have a good rest.
It’s nothing serious.
You’ll be all right/well soon.
39.求救Calling for help
a. Help...
Thief!
b. What’s the matter
40.语言困难Language difficulties
Pardon
Would you please say that again/more slowly
What do you mean by...
I’m sorry I can’t follow you.
I’m sorry I know only a little English.
41.常见的标志和说明
Some common signs and instructions
a. BUSINESS HOUR MENU
OFFICE HOUR NO SMOKING
OPEN NO PARKING
CLOSED
b. PULL ENTRANCE
PUSH EXIT
c. INSTRUCTIONS MADE IN CHINA/JAPAN/USA/U.K./HK
FRAGILE
THIS SIDE UP
DANGER
SOS
d. PLAY STOP PAUSE
e.﹡Insert here. ﹡Split here
附：常用词组
1. be able to do sth.
2. be afraid of
3. after all
4. again and again
5. once again
6. at the age of
7. agree to do sth.
8. agree with sth.
9. all over the country
10. in all
11. be angry with sb.
12. one after another
13. arrive at/in a place
14. ask for sth.
15. ask sb. for sth.
16. pay attention (to)
17. be away from
18. go/run away
19. because of
20. make the bed
21. at the beginning of
22. belong to
23. all the best
24. had better
25. break down
26. break out
27. hold one’s breath
28. out of breath
29. be busy doing sth.
30. be busy with sth.
31. by bus/car/train/ship/air
32. call for
33. take care of
34. carry on
35. carry out
36. catch up with
37. change…into
38. catch/take hold of
39. have a cold
40. go to college
41. come down
42. come from
e in
e on!
45. be considered as
46. be covered with
47. in danger
48. by day
49. day after day
50. day and night
51. the day after tomorrow
52. the day before yesterday
53. the other day
54. deal with
55. a good/great deal (of)
56. do some cleaning/shopping
57. do well in
58. take it easy
59. in the end
60. ever since
61. for ever
62. face to face
63. make a face
64. an a matter of fact
65. in fact
66. fall asleep
67. fall ill
68. far away
69. far from
70. so far
71. feel like doing
72. at first
73. first of all
74. be fit for
75. be fond of
76. make friends with
77. from…to…
78. be full of
79. make fun of
80. get along with
81. get away
82. get back
83. get down
84. get in
85. get off
86. get on
87. get on with sb.
88. get through
89. get together
90. give back
91. give out
92. go away
93. go back
94. go fishing/shopping
95. go for a walk
96. go on doing sth.
97. go on with one’s work
98. go over
99. grow up
100. hand in
101. hand out
102. have got to
103. have sth.on
104. hear from
105. hear of
106. say hello to
107. help oneself to
108. here and there
109. hold on
110. on holiday
111. at home
112. hurry up
113. in a hurry
114. instead of
115. join in
116. join up
117. keep on doing sth.
118. all kinds of
119. knock into sb.
120. at last
121. be late for
122. laugh at
123. at least
124. on the left
125. on the right
126. let in
127. let out
128. before long
129. long ago
130. long before
131. no longer
132. not…any more
133. look after
134. look for
135. look out
136. look up
137. have/take a look
138. a lot/lots of
139. have lunch/breakfast/supper
140. be made from
141. be made in
142. be made of
143. a good/great many
144. have a match
145. have some medicine
146. have/hold a meeting
147. take a message for
148. in the middle
149. in a minute
150. just a minute/moment
151. by mistake
152. make a mistake
153. more or less
154. no more
155. not…any more
156. once more
157. in need of
158. at noon
159. make a noise
160. have nothing to do with
161. now and then
162. a number of
163. and so on
164. on and on
165. one by one
166. or so
167. in order
168. in order to
169. over and over
170. take part in
171. pass by
172. pay for sth.
173. pay off
174. take photos
175. pick out
176. take one’s place
177. take place
178. take the place of
179. plenty of
180. point out
181. point to
182. at present
183. make a promise
184. in public
185. put away
186. put on
187. put up
188. on the radio
189. rather than
190. be/get ready (for )
191. remember me for
192. take/have a rest
193. as a result
194. right away
195. ring up
196. ring back
197. ring off
198. ring up
199. roll over
200. make room for
201. run away
202. all the same
203. at school
204. after school
205. go to school
206. scores of
207. by sea
208. take a seat
209. see sb. off
210. sell out
211. send for
212. send up
213. make sentences with
214. sentence sb. to death
215. separate…from…
216. a set of
217. on show
218. by the side of
219. side by side
220. go to sleep
221. have sports
222. stop doing sth.
223. stop to do sth.
224. stop sb. from doing sth.
225. be strict with
226. be sure to do sth.
227. in surprise
228. take/have a walk/rest
229. take away
230. take down/out/off
231. take food/medicine
232. take a train/a boat/a bus
233. talk about
234. talk of
235. think about
236. think of
237. thousands of
238. throw away
239. at the same time
240. from time to time
241. in time
242. on time
243. on top of
244. keep in touch with
245. in trouble
e true
247. try on
248. try one’s best
249. turn into
250. turn on/off
251. turn over
252. turn to
253. up and down
254. make use of
255. used to
256. be/get used to
257. as usual
258. wake up
259. by the way
260. on one’s way to
261. on the way
262. as well
263. as well as
264. in a short while
265. once in a while
266. have a word with sb.
267. in a word
268. in other words
269. at work
270. work hard at
271. work out
272. out of work
273. worry about
274. be worth (doing)
275. write down
276. be wrong with
一、句子种类
陈述句 结构特点 正常语序，即主谓语序
肯定陈述 We study English.
否定陈述 We don’t like English.
疑问句 结构特点 倒装语序，即谓语或谓语的一部分被提到主语前
一般疑问句 能用yes或no回答，意味“……吗？”
特殊疑问句 提出具体问题，要求具体回答
结构 疑问词＋一般疑问句（疑问词做主语除外）
选择疑问句 提供两种以上情况，要求选择回答，用or等词连接
反意疑问句 对某种情况有一定判断，但需要提问证实。回答用yes或no
结构 陈述句＋简短问句（前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定）
注意 回答反意疑问句时，要根据答案本身肯定与否定来选用yes或no
祈使句 表示请求或命令。祈使句的主语是第二人称you，句中一般省略
结构 肯定式 原形动词（＋其它）。如：Come in, please. Be quiet!
否定式 Don’t＋原形动词（＋其它）。如：Don’t be late next time.
感叹句 结构 What＋名词＋主谓结构！如：What nice weather it is!
How＋形容词或副词＋主谓结构！如：How cold it is today! How hard she studies!
二、句子类型
简单句 结构 只有一个主谓结构的句子（可以有多主语或多谓语）
例句 Many people are out of work nowadays.Li lin and I often work together and help each other.
并列句 结构 有两个（或两个以上）主谓结构（即分句），各分句间常用并列连词and，but，or，so，for（因为）等连接，并用逗号隔开
例句 You must hurry, or you’ll be late.It must be snowing, for it is so bright outside.
复合句 结构 由一个主句和一个（或一个以上）从句构成，主句是句子的主体，从句从属于主句，只做主句的一个成分，从句由从属连词引导（详见从句做句子成分部分）
例句 It is known to us all that Li lin is honest.（主语从句）Do you know that what I mean （宾语从句）
三、倒装句
概念 把谓语的全部或一部分提到主语前叫倒装。倒装句有时是语法要求（如大多数疑问句和there be句型），有时是为了表示强调。
几种类型及例句 A. 以never, hardly, seldom, neither, nor, little, not until, no…sooner than等否定词和only开头的句子。如：Not until the war was over did he see his wife.
B. 把so或neither，nor放句首，表示前面的情况也适用于后面如：My wife enjoys listening to music. So do I.
C. 让步状语从句可把表语提前，用as引导主系结构；也可把although提前，后跟主系正常结构。表语＋as＋主系结构（或although＋主系正常结构） 如：Old as he is, he works hard. (=Although he is old, …)
D. 虚拟语气的条件句可倒装，即were, had, should＋主要动词如：Had you asked me, I would have helped you.(=If you had asked me,…)
E. 强调表语或状语 如：In front of the house stands a tall tree.
F. 直接引语后注明谁讲的话（主语是名词时用，代词不用）如：“Let’s begin our class,”said the teacher(or he said).
四、强调句
句式：It is(was)＋强调成分＋that（强调部分为人时，可以用who）…
可强调成分及例句（以普通句I met her in the street yesterday为例）：A.强调主语 如：It was I that (who) met her in the street yesterday.B.强调宾语 如：It was her that I met in the street yesterday.C.强调状语 如：It was in the street that I met her yesterday. It was yesterday that I met her in the street.
五、句子成分
成分 含义 可做该成分的形式
主语 一句话的主体，说明“谁”、“什么”等 名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动名词、不定式、从句
谓语 回答主语“是什么”、“怎么样”等 动词（谓语动词）
宾语 接收动作的对象或介词涉及的对象 与做主语的相同
表语 用于系动词之后，说明主语的身份、状态、性质、特征等。系动词＋表语＝谓语 名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句
补语 补充说明宾语（被动语态中的主语） 名词、形容词、不定式（see, let等后不带to），分词、副词等
定语 修饰、限制名词或代词的成分 形容词、代词、数词、名词、名词所有格、分词、动名词、副词、介词短语、不定式、从句
状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 副词、介词短语、不等式、分词、独立主格结构、从句
同位语 紧跟在一个名词或代词后，进一步说明它 名词、从句等
注意：一般的句子至少有主语和谓语两个部分。谓语只有动词能做，在不表示动作的谓语中，勿丢掉动词。
六、句子（从句）
名词性从句 主语从句 做主语，用that，whether，what（＝the thing that）等连接词（原疑问词）引导
宾语从句 做宾语，用that（可省略），if，whether（or not），what（＝the thing which）等连接词（原疑问词）引导
表语从句 用that（一般不省略），whether，what（＝the thing which）等连接词（原疑问词）引导
同位语从句 用that（常用在news，thought，idea等词后），whether等连接词（原疑问词）引导
形容词性从句 定语从句 做定语，修饰名词或代词，这个被修饰的词叫做先行词
引导词（本身也做从句中的句子成分） 关系代词 who指人，做主语；whom指人，做宾语（可省）；whose指人或物，做定语；which指物，做主语、宾语（可省）；that指人或物，做主语、宾语（可省）
关系副词 when做时间状语；where做地点状语；why做原因状语；how做方式状语
限制性定语从句 定语从句紧跟在所修饰的词后面，与被修饰的词关系密切，没有它主语意思就不完整。一般的定语从句多为此类。
非限制性定语从句 定语从句是先行词的补充说明，去掉它主语意思清楚，常用逗号与主句隔开，关系词不用that
副词性从句 状语从句 类型 连词
时间 when, while, until, as soon as, before, after, etc.
地点 where, wherever
原因 because, since, as, once, etc.
条件 if, unless, as (so) long as（只要）, in case（假如）
目的 so that, in order that, etc.
结果 so (such)…that, etc.
让步 though, although, whoever, no matter who, etc.
比较 than, as…as, etc.
七、短语
短语类型 构成 功能
介词短语 介词＋名词/代词（做介词的宾语）
动名词短语 动名词＋自己的宾语和（或状语） 同动名词
不定式短语 不定式动词＋自己的宾语和（或状语） 同不定式
分词短语 分词＋自己的宾语和（或状语） 同分词
八、单词（实词）
名词：表示人或事物的名称。 见附表1
代词：指代人或事物。 见附表2
动词：表示动作或状态。 见附表3
形容词：表示人或事物的特征。 见附表4
副词：表示行为特征或性状特征。见附表4
数词：表示数量或顺序。 见附表5
九、构词法
构词方法 举例
合成法 blackboard, man-made, overthrow, however, everyone
转化法 hand(n.)－hand(v.) break(n.)－break(n.) empty(adj.)－empty
派生法 加前缀：dis-, in-, re-, un-, non-
加后缀：-able, -al, -an, -ful, -ive, -er, -ese, -ist, -ment, -ness, -tion, -fy, -ian, -ing, -is(z)e, -ly, -teen, -ty, -th, -y
附表1 名词
可数名词 个体名词 teacher, student, piano 功能
集体名词 family, committee, people 名词在句中可做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语
不可数名词 物质名词 wood, water, steel
抽象名词 friendship, progress
专有名词 John, Smith, Beijing
名词所有格 由名词右上方+’s或“’”构成。如：Women’s Day, students’ reading-room, Tom’s uncle
名词的复数 可数名词数量在二或二以上。构成略。
附表2 代词
代词类别 例 词 功 能
人称代词 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 只做主语
宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 做及物动词或介词的宾语
物主代词 形容词性 my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their 只做定语
名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 做主语、宾语、表语
反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 做宾语、同位语、表语
指示代词 this, that, these, those 做主语、宾语、定语、表语
相互代词 each other, one another 做宾语
疑问代词 who, whom, what, which, whose, etc. 引出疑问句
关系代词 that, who, whom, whose, etc. 连接定语从句
不定代词 some, any, no, either, neither, all, none, each, somebody, no one, everybody, etc. 视情况而定，一般的可做定语、主语、宾语等
附表3 动词
附表3.1 谓语动词
附表3.1.1 时态
时 态 构 成 时间特点
一般现在时 动词原形（第三人称单数+s） always, usually, often, sometimes, every…,etc.
一般过去时 动词过去式 yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last…,…ago, etc.
一般将来时 will（shall）+动词原形 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next…, in two days, etc.
be going to+动词原形
过去将来时 would+动词原形 多用于间接引语的宾语从句中
现在进行时 am（is, are）+现在分词 now, during these days, etc.
过去进行时 was（were）+现在分词 at eight（this time）yesterday, etc.
现在完成时 have（has）+过去分词 already, just, yet, since, for…, etc.
过去完成时 had+过去分词 by…,before, etc.
现在完成进行时 have（has）+been+现在分词 for…, since…, etc.
附表3.1.2 语态
主动语态 主语为施动者 如：We study English, French, Russian, Italian and Chinese.
被动语态 主语为受动者 构成 be+过去分词 如：He is respected by us all.
注意：被动语态也有时态的变化，也可以与情态动词一起使用。如：The road is being built now. This machine can be used to detect gold.
附表3.1.3 虚拟语气
一、带条件句和结果句的虚拟语气
虚拟类型 条件句 主 句
与现在事实相反 过去式（be用were） should, would, could, might +原形动词
与过去事实相反 had +过去分词 should, would, could, might +have +过去分词
与将来事实相反 should +原形动词were to+原形动词过去式 should, would, could, might +原形动词
二、其它形式的虚拟句
A．虚拟条件句有时被介词短语代替或省略虚拟条件句或主句。
B．wish, suggest, demand, propose等词后面的宾语从句的谓语用should（可省略）+原形动词表虚拟
C．在wish后面的宾语从句中，谓语用过去时态表虚拟。
D．It is time that we went home. May you succeed! 等为特殊虚拟句。
附表3.2 非谓语动词
类 别 形式（以do为例） 功 能
动名词 doing 做主语、表语、宾语、定语
不定式 to do 做主语、宾语、宾补（在let, make, see, feel, notice等动词后做宾补时不带to）、表语、状语、定语
分词 现在分词 doing 做定语、表语、状语、宾补（常用在see, find, feel, keep, get, have等动词之后）
过去分词 done
注意：不定式和现在分词有时态、语态的变化。见下表（以do为例）
时态语态 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时
主动语态 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to have been doing
现在分词 doing ------------- having done -------------
被动语态 不定式 to be done ------------- to have been done -------------
现在分词 being done ------------- having been done -------------
附表4 形容词和副词
项目 功能
形容词 做定语、表语、宾补
副词 做状语、表语、定语、宾补
常用句型 A．as+原级+as；not so（as）+原级+as
B．比较级+than
C．the+最高级+介词短语
D．one of the+最高级+名词复数
E．the more…, the more…
比较级和最高级 构成略
附表5 数词
基数词 功能 做主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语
读法三要点 A．记31个词：基数词1~19，20~29整十位数和hundred, thousand, million, billion
B．会读个、十、百位数
C．由右向左每三位数前的逗号分别读做thousand, million和billion,逗号之间的按百位以内的数读
注意 A．表示“几百”、“几千”时，hundred, thousand等词不加s
B．hundred, thousand等词为复数时做名词，表示“数量很多”的意思
序数词 构成 A．一般的基数词后+th，多位数的基数词只变最后一位。如：ten→tenth
B．整几十的基数词，去掉词尾的y再加ieth，如：thirty→thirtieth
C．几个不规则词：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth
功能 做定语，前面加the；年、月、日中的日；表示“第几”时；分数中的分母
听
辨 音 从所给的三个选项中选出所听到的单词或短语
语句理解 根据所听句子，判断是否与所给句子相符、相近或选择答案
情景反应 根据所听内容，作出相应反应或选出正确的应答语
对话理解 根据所听到的简短对话及所提出的问题，判断是否与所给句子相符或选择正确答案
语篇理解 根据所听到的一段对话、独白或短文内容及所提出的问题，选择正确答案或填入所缺单词
写
常见题材 叙述文
说明文
描写文
议论文
应用文
看图作文
基本构成 主题部分
发展部分
结尾部分
基本思路 确立主题
列出大纲
搜集材料
选择材料
罗列材料
说
基本要求
学会用英语思维 注意培养英语语感 正确区分交际场合 了解英语社交功能
读
基本技能 准确获取有效信息的能力
领会推断隐含意义的能力
扫读（scanning）
略读（skimming）
基本题型及解题思路 掌握语篇或段落主旨大意 从文章或段落中找出主题句
理解文中某些（事实）细节 如数字等，可直接从文中找出
对文章进行概括、归纳，推断深层含义 根据事实、细节、自然景物等的描写，从单句或短文中进行推断
判断词义 从句子结构、段落、文章中推断
借助作者对词义的解释
运用常识进行判断
根据构词法推断词义
领会作者意图，理解人物性格 根据人物对话、动作或心境等判断
辨认图形及数据推理 根据文章提供的事实、细节等推断
日常交际用语
1. 问候Greetings
a. Good morning/afternoon/evening.
Hello/Hi.
How are you
Fine, thank you, and you
Very well, thank you.
b. Best wishes/regards to...
Please give my regards/love to...
Say hello to...
Please remember me to...
2.介绍Introductions
a. This is Mr /Mrs/Miss/comrade...
May I introduce you to...
I’d like you to meet...
b. How do you do
Nice/Glad/Pleased to see/meet you.
Nice meeting you, Mr/Mrs/Miss...
c. My name is...
I’m a (student/teacher, etc.).
d. I’m Chinese.
3. 告别Farewells
a. I’m afraid I must be leaving now.
I think it’s time for us to leave now.
It’s time I met/did... I have to go now.
b. Good-bye! (Bye-bye! Bye!)
See you later/tomorrow (See you).
Good night.
4. 感谢和应答Thanks and responses
a. Thank you (very much).
Thanks a lot.
Many thanks.
Thanks for...
b. It’s very kind of you to...
Not at all.
It’s/That’s all right.
You’re welcome.
5. 祝愿、祝贺和应答Good wishes,
congratulations and responses
a. Good luck!
I wish you good luck/success!
Good journey (to you)!
Have a good trip.
Have a nice/good time.
b. I’d like to congratulate you on...
Thank you.
c. The same to you.
Happy New Year!
Merry Christmas!
Happy birthday to you.
6. 道歉、遗憾和应答 Apologies, regrets,
sympathies and responses
a. Sorry/Pardon.
I’m sorry.
I’m sorry for /about...
I’m sorry to...(have +v.-ed)/that...
b. Excuse me (for...).
I’m afraid of...
What a pity/shame!
It’s a pity that...
c. That’s all right.
It doesn’t matter.
That’s nothing.
7.邀请与应答
Invitations and responses
a. Will you come to...
Would you like to...
I’d like to invite you to...
b. Yes, I’d love to (...).
Yes, it’s very kind/nice of you.
c. I’d love to, but...
8.提供（帮助等)和应答
Offers and responses
a. Can/Could/Shall I help you
Would you like me to...
Is there anything ( else) I can do for you
Do you want me to...
Let me do/carry/help... ( for you).
Would you like some...
b. Thanks. That would be nice/fine.
That’s very kind of you.
Thank you for your help.
Yes, please.
Here, take this/my...
c. No, thanks, I can manage it myself.
Thank you all the same.
That’s very kind of you , but ...
9.约会Making appointments
a. Are you /Will you be free this afternoon
How about tomorrow morning/afternoon
Shall we meet at 4:30 at ...
b. Yes, that’s all right.
c. Yes ,I’ll be free then.
d.. No, I won’ t be free then . But I’ll be free. ...
All right. See you then.
10.意愿与希望Intentions and wishes
a. I’m going to...
I intend/mean/plan to...
I will...
I feel like v.-ing (going out for a walk).
I’d like to...
I (do not) want/hope to...
I’m ready to...
I would rather not tell you.
b. I want/hope/wish to...
I wish that...
I would like to...
If only I could see him.
11.请求、允许和答应
Asking for permission and responses
a. May I...
Can/Could I...
I wonder if I could...
Would you mind if I open the window
b. Yes/Sure/Certainly.
Yes , (do)please.
Of course (you may).
Go ahead , please.
That’s OK/ all right.
Not at all.
c. I’m sorry you can’t.
I’m sorry , but...
You’d better not.
12.同意和不同意
Agreement and disagreement
a. Certainly/Sure/of course.
No problem.
Yes, please.
Yes, I think so.
That’s true.
All right/OK
That’s a good idea..
It’s a good idea to/that...
I/We agree with you.
I agree to.../that-clause.
b. No, I don’t think so.
I’m afraid not.
I’m afraid I (really) can’t agree with you.
13.喜好和厌恶Likes and dislikes
a. I like/love...(very much).
I like/love to...
b. I don’t like(to)
I hate (to)...
14.决断和坚持Determination,
decision and insistence
a. I will...
I have decided to/that...
I have decided wh-clause...
b. I insist on/that...
15.判断和意见Judgement and opinion
a. It certainly is.
It’s correct to do...
Well done/Good work!
b. In my opinion...
It seems...
So far as I know...
16.职责Obligation
You must/have to/should/ought to...
It is necessary to/that...
17.能力Ability
I can...
He is able to...
18.偏爱Preference
I prefer... to...
He’d prefer them not to...
He’d rather begin at once.
19.责备和抱怨Blame and complaint
a. He is to blame.
She blamed him for...
He shouldn’t have done it.
b. I’m sorry to have said that, but…
Why can’t you do something about it
20.肯定和不肯定
Certainty and uncertainty
a. I’m sure (of that).
I’m sure (that).
b .I’m not sure that.
I’m not sure whether /if...
I doubt if...
c. Perhaps/ Maybe.
21.禁止和警告
Prohibition and warnings
a. You can’t/ mustn’t...
If you..., you ’ll...
You’d better not do it.
Don’t be late!
b. Look out!
Take care!
Be careful!
22.可能和不可能
Possibility and impossibility
a. He can/may...
It is possible that...
b. He may not ...
He is not likely to...
It is likely that...
23.预见、猜测和相信
Prediction, conjecture and belief
a. He will...
b. I guess that...
He must have done...
It seems (that)...
It looks as if..
c. I believe that he is right.
24.请求Requests
a. Can/Will/Could/Would you...for me
Will/Can/Could/Would you please...
May I have...
b. Please give/pass me...
Please wait (here/a moment).
Please wait (for) your turn.
Please stand in line/line up.
Please hurry.
Make sure that..., please.
c. Don’t rush (hurry)/crowd.
No noise, please.
No smoking, please.
25.劝告和建议
Advice and suggestions
a. You’d better (not)...
You should/ought to...
You need (to)...
I suggest that...
b. Shall we...
What/How about...
Why not...
Why don’t you...
26.许诺Promises
I promise...
You shall have...tomorrow.
I will give...to you.
27.提醒Reminding
Don’t forget to...
Don’t you remember the days when...
Make sure that everything is OK now.
28.表示焦虑Expressing anxiety
What’s wrong
What’s the matter (with you)
I’m/He’s/She’s worried.
Oh, what shall I/we do
We were all anxious about...
29.表示惊奇Expressing surprise
Really
Oh, dear!
Is that so
Good heavens!
30.表示喜悦Expressing pleasure
I’m glad/pleased/happy to...
That’s nice/wonderful/great.
Hopefully tomorrow will turn fine.
31.谈论天气
Talking about the weather
a. What’s the weather like today
How’s the weather in...
b. It’s fine/cloudy/windy/rainy...
It’s getting cold/warm...
It’s rather cold/hot today, isn’t it
It’s a beautiful day today.
32.购物Shopping
a. What can I do for you
May/Can I help you
b. I want/I’d like...
How much is it
That’s too expensive, I’m afraid.
That’s fine, I’ll take it.
Let me have...
c. How many/much do you want
What color/size/kind do you want
d. Do you have any other kind/size/color
33.问路和应答
Asking the way and responses
a. Excuse me. Where’s the men’s/ladies’ room
Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to...
How can I get to... I don’t know the way.
b. Go down this street.
Turn right/left at the first/second crossing.
It’s about...metres from here.
Go straight ahead till you see...
34.问时问、日期和应答
Asking the time, date and responses
a. What day is (it) today
What’s the date today
Excuse me. What time is it by your watch
What’s the time, please
b. It’s Monday/Tuesday...
It’s January 10th.
It’s five/twenty-five/a quarter past (to) six.
It’s time for/to...
35.就餐Taking meals
a. What would you like (to have)
Would you like something (to eat/drink)
b. I’d like...
A piece of cookie/two eggs..., please.
c. Would you like some more...
Help yourself to some...
d. Thank you. I’ve had enough.
I’m full, thank you.
Just a little, please.
36.打电话Making phone calls
a. Hello! Is (Tom) in
May/Could I speak to...
Is that... (speaking )
b. Hold on, please.
Hello, who is it
He/She isn’t here right now.
Can I take a message for you
c. Hello, this is...speaking.
I called to tell/ask you...
37.传递信息Passing on a message
a. Wi1l you please give this note/message to...
b....asked me to give you this note.
c. Thanks for the message.
38.看病Seeing the doctor
a. There’s something wrong with...
I’ve got a headache and a cough.
I feel terrible (bad).
I don’t feel well.
I’ve got a pain here.
This place hurts.
b. Take this medicine three times a day.
Drink plenty of water and have a good rest.
It’s nothing serious.
You’ll be all right/well soon.
39.求救Calling for help
a. Help...
Thief!
b. What’s the matter
40.语言困难Language difficulties
Pardon
Would you please say that again/more slowly
What do you mean by...
I’m sorry I can’t follow you.
I’m sorry I know only a little English.
41.常见的标志和说明
Some common signs and instructions
a. BUSINESS HOUR MENU
OFFICE HOUR NO SMOKING
OPEN NO PARKING
CLOSED
b. PULL ENTRANCE
PUSH EXIT
c. INSTRUCTIONS MADE IN CHINA/JAPAN/USA/U.K./HK
FRAGILE
THIS SIDE UP
DANGER
SOS
d. PLAY STOP PAUSE
e.﹡Insert here. ﹡Split here
附：常用词组
1. be able to do sth.
2. be afraid of
3. after all
4. again and again
5. once again
6. at the age of
7. agree to do sth.
8. agree with sth.
9. all over the country
10. in all
11. be angry with sb.
12. one after another
13. arrive at/in a place
14. ask for sth.
15. ask sb. for sth.
16. pay attention (to)
17. be away from
18. go/run away
19. because of
20. make the bed
21. at the beginning of
22. belong to
23. all the best
24. had better
25. break down
26. break out
27. hold one’s breath
28. out of breath
29. be busy doing sth.
30. be busy with sth.
31. by bus/car/train/ship/air
32. call for
33. take care of
34. carry on
35. carry out
36. catch up with
37. change…into
38. catch/take hold of
39. have a cold
40. go to college
41. come down
42. come from
e in
e on!
45. be considered as
46. be covered with
47. in danger
48. by day
49. day after day
50. day and night
51. the day after tomorrow
52. the day before yesterday
53. the other day
54. deal with
55. a good/great deal (of)
56. do some cleaning/shopping
57. do well in
58. take it easy
59. in the end
60. ever since
61. for ever
62. face to face
63. make a face
64. an a matter of fact
65. in fact
66. fall asleep
67. fall ill
68. far away
69. far from
70. so far
71. feel like doing
72. at first
73. first of all
74. be fit for
75. be fond of
76. make friends with
77. from…to…
78. be full of
79. make fun of
80. get along with
81. get away
82. get back
83. get down
84. get in
85. get off
86. get on
87. get on with sb.
88. get through
89. get together
90. give back
91. give out
92. go away
93. go back
94. go fishing/shopping
95. go for a walk
96. go on doing sth.
97. go on with one’s work
98. go over
99. grow up
100. hand in
101. hand out
102. have got to
103. have sth.on
104. hear from
105. hear of
106. say hello to
107. help oneself to
108. here and there
109. hold on
110. on holiday
111. at home
112. hurry up
113. in a hurry
114. instead of
115. join in
116. join up
117. keep on doing sth.
118. all kinds of
119. knock into sb.
120. at last
121. be late for
122. laugh at
123. at least
124. on the left
125. on the right
126. let in
127. let out
128. before long
129. long ago
130. long before
131. no longer
132. not…any more
133. look after
134. look for
135. look out
136. look up
137. have/take a look
138. a lot/lots of
139. have lunch/breakfast/supper
140. be made from
141. be made in
142. be made of
143. a good/great many
144. have a match
145. have some medicine
146. have/hold a meeting
147. take a message for
148. in the middle
149. in a minute
150. just a minute/moment
151. by mistake
152. make a mistake
153. more or less
154. no more
155. not…any more
156. once more
157. in need of
158. at noon
159. make a noise
160. have nothing to do with
161. now and then
162. a number of
163. and so on
164. on and on
165. one by one
166. or so
167. in order
168. in order to
169. over and over
170. take part in
171. pass by
172. pay for sth.
173. pay off
174. take photos
175. pick out
176. take one’s place
177. take place
178. take the place of
179. plenty of
180. point out
181. point to
182. at present
183. make a promise
184. in public
185. put away
186. put on
187. put up
188. on the radio
189. rather than
190. be/get ready (for )
191. remember me for
192. take/have a rest
193. as a result
194. right away
195. ring up
196. ring back
197. ring off
198. ring up
199. roll over
200. make room for
201. run away
202. all the same
203. at school
204. after school
205. go to school
206. scores of
207. by sea
208. take a seat
209. see sb. off
210. sell out
211. send for
212. send up
213. make sentences with
214. sentence sb. to death
215. separate…from…
216. a set of
217. on show
218. by the side of
219. side by side
220. go to sleep
221. have sports
222. stop doing sth.
223. stop to do sth.
224. stop sb. from doing sth.
225. be strict with
226. be sure to do sth.
227. in surprise
228. take/have a walk/rest
229. take away
230. take down/out/off
231. take food/medicine
232. take a train/a boat/a bus
233. talk about
234. talk of
235. think about
236. think of
237. thousands of
238. throw away
239. at the same time
240. from time to time
241. in time
242. on time
243. on top of
244. keep in touch with
245. in trouble
e true
247. try on
248. try one’s best
249. turn into
250. turn on/off
251. turn over
252. turn to
253. up and down
254. make use of
255. used to
256. be/get used to
257. as usual
258. wake up
259. by the way
260. on one’s way to
261. on the way
262. as well
263. as well as
264. in a short while
265. once in a while
266. have a word with sb.
267. in a word
268. in other words
269. at work
270. work hard at
271. work out
272. out of work
273. worry about
274. be worth (doing)
275. write down
276. be wrong with