unit9 reading and language points[上学期]
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| 更新时间 | 2006-12-21 18:57:00 | ||
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课件77张PPT。 Unit 9 Saving the earthWhat makes the earth sad?waste from factorieswater pollutiontrash/garbageair pollutiondeforestationdesertificationstarvationThe beautiful earth is our home. Do you love to live here?Our earth is injured and she is being sent to hospital . Welcome to
the Earth Summit The Earth Summit
The Earth Summit is a meeting held by the United Nations to discuss environmental issues. The first Earth Summit was held in Stockholm, capital of Sweden, to exchange ideas on how to protect the earth. Since 1972 to 2002, it has altogether been held 3 times, each with a theme.
1st -- the Human Environment
2nd--environment &development
3rd---Sustainable Development
Welcome to the earth summitReadingListen to the tape and tick the following mentioned in the text.
The United Nations.
The Earth Summit
Earth Day
Johannesburg in South Africa in 2002
Sustainable development
The “big three”
WHO
Premier Wen Jiabao
Education√√√√√√√IntroductionPara1BodyPara2-3ConclusionPara4-7Introduction to the Earth SummitMajor problems facing the worldWhat we can do to solve the problemsWhat is each part of the text about?Why did the UN hold the Earth Summit in 1972?
2. What is one of the main theme of Johannesburg
Summit ?
What do we mean by “sustainable development”?Read the first paragraph together and answer the questions:To share ideas about ways to take better care of the earth.Sustainable developmentIt means that we can continue developing the world without
damaging the environment.I Background: 3 Earth Summit Conferences:
*...Part 21.What are the “big three”? 2. How serious is drinking water problem in the
world today?3.What is the main cause of millions of deaths
in rural areas?(para2 -3)4. What are the other problems in the world today?
5. What is the usual way of global development?
6. What are the major things to do for sustainable
development according to Mr. Zhu Rongji?
Part 31 What’s the use of conferences like the Earth
Summit?2 How can we save the earth according to Para4?3 What is the key to solving the major problems?
Why?(para4-7)What other topics were mentioned by the
representatives besides “ the big three ” ?PovertyWarViolence2. Who organized the summits?
3. Why is it the UN rather than America or
China that held the summits?4. What do you think of the Earth Summit?It is not just about problems. In
fact, it is a place to find solutions
to the Problems for the future.The UN.5. What’s the key to solving the problems?With better education,People will be able to build a better society ______________ nature and perhaps___________ the death and _________ caused by the big three.
_______ of the poverty can be __________.
there is _______________ that we will see less violence and _______ wars.
in harmony withput an end tosufferingsmuchwiped outa good chancefewerCareful readingAug 26-Sep 4,2002Sustainable developmentThe “big three” and poverty, war, violence, etc.
States leaders, businessmen,experts…Premier Zhu RongjiA place to find solutionsEducation is the key to the futureFast readingRead the text and judge the following sentences.
1. The United Nations held the Earth Summit in 1972 in Japan.
2. In rural areas, people’s deaths have nothing to do with air pollution.
3. From the Earth Summit, we know that the earth is facing some serious problems.
4. Small changes mean a quite big difference and a big difference means that the environmental conditions of the earth will improve.
5. China’s former President Jiang Zeming stressed the the need for equality and fairness in the world.FFFTTStockholm. Air pollution alone causes almost 3 million deaths & most of these deaths happen in rural areas.Premier Zhu Rongjifill in the blanks with proper words.
The Earth Summit is a meeting held by the United Nations to discuss issues of ___________. The first Earth Summit was held in Stockholm, _______ in 1972. In 2002, the Earth Summit was held in Johannesburg, ___________, at which most speakers discussed the “________ ”. Many speakers, including then Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji, spoke about _______, ____ and violence and noted that without international _________, sustainable development will not be possible. The Earth Summit is not just about ________ .The message of it is also that there are many ________ we can find. Many people agree that ________ is the key to the future. environmentSwedenSouth Africabig threepovertywarcooperationproblemssolutionseducation1.The three biggest killers in the world refer to ___ .
A. noise, pollution and exploration
B. population, environment and industry
C. air pollution, poor sanitation & polluted drinking water
D. poverty, violence and wars
2.The “sustainable development “ means ___.
A. wiping out poverty through education
B. a better society in harmony with nature .
C. the need equality and fairness in the world
D. All of the above.
3.We can infer that the speakers present were ____.
A. representatives from developing countries
B. experts and VIPs of environmental protection from
all over the world
C. VIPs & representatives from all fields4."Sustainable development " was brought forth _______.
A. at the Stockholm Summit
B. at the Johannesburg Earth Summit
C. by the World Health Organization
D. by China's former Premier Zhu Rongji
5. Which of the following is the main cause of millions of deaths in rural areas ?
A. Lack of drinking water B. Poor sanitation
C. Air pollution D. Freezing cold
6. Which is the best way to make developing countries prosper ?
A. Holding conferences like the Earth Summit
B. Richer countries offer much help
C. A better understanding of the environment
D. International cooperation
7. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage ?
A. Different countries have different opinions about development
B. Equality and fairness are badly needed in the today's world
C. The Earth Summit , a way to save the earth
D. Sustainable development , the future for the world8. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage ?
The Earth Summit was once of great help to China
B. The Earth Summit is the best way to solve all kinds of problems
C. Without poverty , war or violence we can develop the world successfully
D. Our willingness to take action is necessary for the protection of our environment
9.which of the following best express the main idea of the passage?
Different countries have different opinions about development.
Equality and fairness are badly needed in the today’s world.
The Earth Summit, a way to save the earth.
Sustainable development, the future for the world.Topics:
As a citizen of the earth, what can we do to save the earth in our daily life?discussion PROPOSALS 1. Don’t use one-off chopsticks , lunch-boxes and cups.2. Don’t use paper tissue when you sneeze,use
handkerchief instead. 3. Don’t send post-cards.Send e-cards by e-mail. 4. Don’t throw rubbish at will.5. Don’t make a lot of noise.6. Don’t waste water 7. Don’t waste electricity.8. Don’t destroy trees or grass….Language points:
1 可持续发展
取得进步
继续做某事
据世界健康组织所说
世界上；到底
有……的机会sustainable development
make much/ little progress
continue doing/ to do
according to the WHO
on earth
have access tohave a responsibility for
be responsible to sb.
be responsible for sth.
sb. do whatever sb. can to do
take action to do
make a difference
7 对……负责
8 尽力做…
9 采取行动做…
10 有影响，
起作用11 是……的关键
和睦，融洽
结束
擦洗 ，去除，
消灭
15 有……的可能the key to sth./doing sth.
in harmony with …
put an end to
wipe out
There is a good chance that…Task 6: Discussion If you were a representation of China , what would you like to state at the Earth
Summit ? Listening & Speaking Problems: Most _______ don’t ______.
Governments of the world must: make
sure that all people from developing
countries have free access toSpeech 1leaders listen _____ ________ ______; limit the number of ____ per family; stop _______ _____ _____ without replacing them. clean drinking water cars cutting down trees People of the world must:
make use of alternative______________, such as ________, ______ and car-pooling;
reduce, _____ and _______as much as possible.
We need _______! transportation walking biking reuse recycle action Speech 2 The Earth Summit is not just about good ________ and big ______; it is about ______ __________ ______ the _________ we are facing. speeches words doing something about problems I have brought a bag of ________.
You may think that ________ is useless, but I will tell you how we can use ________ to make the future ________, cleaner and ______, and to ______ _______.rubbishrubbishgreener better make rubbishmoney Language Points
1.issue vt 发行,发表,发出 n. 问题，争议，发行
issue the magazine
debate an ~~
issue guns to the soldiers
n 刊物的一期，书籍的一次印刷
Have you seen the latest ~~ of the magazine?
The article appeared in the 4th issue of the magazine.
2.summarise/summarize v.= make a summary = sum up 概括，总结
n.
The chairman ___________the discussion in a few words.summarisedsummed up让我们总结一下今天学的知识吧。Let’s summarise what we have learnt today.3.. content n.内容/要旨,目录,容量,满意/足I didn’t understand the content of her speech.>> in/with content 满意/足地
The old couple live in content.Hearing the news,he smiled with content.这对老夫妻生活的很满足。听到这消息，他满意地笑了。
>> adj.满足的，满意的，甘愿的,(作表语） contented （作定语） a contented smile / expression/ look
be content with sth=be satisfied with
be content to do sth=be willing to do
Don’t be content with small success.
He is not content to be a worker all his life.Are you content with your present life?
不要有点成绩就满足。你对现在的生活满意吗？他不愿意一辈子做工人。>>vt. 使……满足
content sb./oneself with sth 使某人对……满足An icecream is enough to content the child.
We should never content ourselves with book knowledge.
一块冰淇淋足以让小孩子满足了。我们决不能满足于书本知识。1. representative ( of sb./ sth.)adj. 有代表性的; 典型的
be representative of 代表…My demand is representative of that （=the demand ）of the other members.
我是代表其他成员提出要求的.2. n. 代表; 典型; 议员Tom is our representative at the meeting.
a legal representative 法定代理人 2. 20% of the people on earth do not have
access to clean drinking water. on earth:
(1) 在世上，在人间
Our teacher is the best person on earth.
(2) 放在疑问词、否定词或最高级后加 强语气，
意为"究竟,到底,全然"
What on earth is he doing?
5. access n. ▲ 接近/进入(的方法） =approach
▲通道
▲到达/进入/使用/走访的权利/机会常用access to 的搭配短语gain /get/ have access to 接近……There’s no access to the top of the hill at all.
What is the access to success?根本没有到达山顶的方法。﹛
什么是成功之道？access: v. 靠近；接近access to
It is difficult to access to him. 1.你在家能上网吗?
2.我不知道密码，所以无法用他 的电脑。
3.有一条密道直通王宫Do you have access to
the internet at home ? I cant’t use/gain access to his
computer, since I don’t the password.There is a secret access directly
to the palace.3. Air pollution alone causes almost three
million deaths.alone副词，用在名词或代词后，表示"只，只
有；仅仅"He alone is not responsible for it.
这件事中只有他一个人没有责任。
Money alone cannot make you happy.
光有钱不能使你幸福。alone 还可以解释为 “单独地；独自地”
He likes to go it alone in everything.
他凡事都喜欢一个人干。
He did it all alone.
这事是他一个人干的。Alone作形容词时，意为"单独的，唯一的；
独一无二的" 在句中作表语
I am now alone at home.
I am not alone in this opinion.
不只是我一个人有这种想法
4. If we are to develop the world successfully,
we must make sure that everyone is able to take
part in the new world we create.be+to do sth表示安排、命令、职责、义务、
目的、用途、可能性、命中注定等含义
We are to meet at the school gate.
You are to be back by o’clock.
The prize is to honour him for his great.join
join in
take part in6. take part in (activity/game)=join in
join(a group), join sb. in sth(game)
attend(meeting/class/school/church)
How many countries _______________ the last Olympic Games?
Will you ______ Miss Li’s lecture tomorrow?
Before he _____ the army,he often _______ our games.
Would you like to _____ us ___ a walk.
took part in/joined inattendjoinedjoined injoinin▲▲▲▲5. All too often, global development means that
rich people get richer while the poor get
poorer.All too often意为“但经常发生的是”；“然而更
多的是”。作为承接上下文的转折部分。Everyone wants to get happiness. All too often
people quarrel a lot.7. stress vt. = emphasize 着重/强调n. 压力/紧张/强调 Some Ss lay/put little stress on English study.在会议上，他强调了教育的重要性。He stressed the importance of education at the meeting. 一些学生不重视英语学习。短语 lay/put stress on 重视/强调He is under great stress because
of his new work.
Lay/place/put stress on/upon:把
重点放在…上， 在…上用力
We should lay stress on the
prevention of diseases.
疾病应以预防为主。
He put special stress on helping others.7. Rich countries have a responsibility towards
poor countries and must (do whatever they can)
to help others.respond to---response to---be responsible to sb.for
---a sense of responsibility8. responsibility n 责任（心），职责
take/bear/accept ~ for…(u) 对……负责任
A father has many responsibilities.
>> be responsible for…对……负责
Drivers should be ~ for their passengers’ safety.
To grow up means_________________
______________________.你应当对所做的事负责任。 you should take/bear~
for whatever you do.父亲有很多职责司机应对乘客的安全负责。8. Without international cooperation, developing
countries cannot prosper, nor will sustainable
development be posible. cooperation---cooperate withprosper---prosperous---prosperity
His firm prospered through good management
and hard work.sustainable---sustain承受;保持
The branch couldn’t sustain the weight of snow
and broke.
I’m not going to sustain anger about that.9. There exist serious problems and there is still
time to take action.There stand many trees on the banks of the river.
There lie many big cities on the Yangtze river.
Once upon a time there lived an old king, whose name
was Ah Cai.
d. There remained several problems unsolved.
e. There seems to be a bit of truth in his speech
f. There appeared to be some misunderstandings about
the matter.
9. There exist serious problems and there is still time to take action.现在行动，否则太迟了。Take action now,or it will be too late. We should take any possible measure to protect our environment. 我们应采取一切措施保护我们的环境。take action/steps/measures (to do…) take action 采取行动，行动起来必须立即采取行动阻止火势蔓延。
Immediate action must be taken to stop the fire
spreading.Actions speak louder than words.
bring /call sth. into action使起…作用，使…生效
put /set sth. in action实行，开动
put sth. out of action使停止工作，使…不适用10. With better education, people will be able
to build a better society in harmony with
nature and perhaps put an end to the death
and suffering caused by the big three.in harmony with （与……）和谐相处
反义词：out of harmony with Only one hundred years ago man lived in
harmony with nature. Your words are out of harmony with your deeds.His tie matches his shirt.=His tie is in harmony with his shirt.大海与天空的和谐构成一幅美妙图画。Your tastes are not in harmony with mine
我的猫和狗生活的非常和谐。你的口味和我的不一致。My cat and my dog live in perfect harmony.>> in harmony和睦/谐地
in harmony with与……协调/一致11. harmony n.协调，和谐/睦
The harmony of sea and sky makes a
beautiful picture.
12.put an end to =end/finish 结束/制止
The whole world hope to put an end to
terrorism/wars.
The patient with cancer wanted to put an end to his life at first but gave up the idea at the end.
癌症病人一开始想自杀，但最终放弃了这个想法。我们结束争吵吧。Let’s put an end to this quarrel.put an end to结束；制止
We must put an end to this foolish behaviour.
当务之急是制止河流的严重污染。
The chief task of the moment is to put an end to
the terrible pollution in the rivers.
from end to end
come to an end
bring an end to sth.
/bring sth. to an end
make an end of sth.
make (both) ends meet
without end从这端到那端
告终，结束
使结束
结束某事物
使收支平衡
无尽的，无穷的11. If the world become less unfair and if people can get better education, much of the poverty can be wiped out.wipe out 擦洗 ，去除，消灭The mother wiped out the dirt with a towel.
The Chinese government has been making every
effort to wipe out poverty. wipe out one’s debts 还清债务wipe out 擦洗…的内部，去除，消灭
wipe up 擦干净，消灭 ~ ~ the spilt milk
wipe off 抹掉 ~ ~the water12. And if poverty is less of a problem and people
are better educated, there is a good chance
that we will see less violence and fewer wars.Less of a problem = short of a problem 不是什么问题 There is a chance that
Chances are (that)…
The chances are (that)…有…可能机会Chances are that he has heard the news.
很可能他已经听到这个消息了。14 Alternative a. 两者（或两者以上）
挑一的
alternative ways 可选择的两种（
或两种以上）方法
两者挑一，取舍，抉择
the alternative of going or staying
We have no alternative in the matter.
在这件事上，我们没有挑选的余地。
Have no alternative but…
除…外别无选择
You have no alternative but to lie down.
You have no choice but to lie down.
.除了这种方法，再没其他方法能解这道题。
2.这个春节我想回家看看。不过如果买不到火票.
我还有另一个计划——逛博物馆。 Besides this method, there is no other
alternative to solve the problem. I plan to go back home to visit my family during the spring festival, but I can’t get the train ticket, I still have an alternative plan: to visit the museum.战士保卫国家抵御敌人。 15.defend vt 防卫，保卫，为……辩护
>>defend sb./sth. from 保护某人/物免遭……
>> defend sb./sth. against 保卫某人抵御……
He picked a stick to defend himself.Police defend us from harm. We should ~ the earth from being polluted.Soldiers defend our country against the enemy.>> defense/defence n. defenseless adj.他捡了一个棍子保护自己。我们应保护地球免受污染。 16. affect vt=have an effect on 影响/感动 /
Smoking affects health (病)侵袭.
Heroes’ deeds affected us deeply/greatly.
=We were greatly affected by …
Xiaohua is affected with aids.
>> effect n. 结/效果，作用
take effect 生效 in effect=in fact 实际上
He tried many times but has no effect.
The new law will_________ next month.
_______, the drug ____________at all.
take effectIn effecttook no effecthad no effectdefend harmony affect attend advise wipe out be content with put an end to
1.We should _____________war.
2.Smoking ______ health.
3.The doctor________me not to smoke any more.
4.The village ___________ in the war.
5.The soldiers ________ their motherland against enemies.
6.People used to live in_________ with nature.
7.The old couple seem ________ the simple life
in the countryside.
8.Why didn’t he ______ the meeting?put an end toaffectsadvisedwas wiped outdefendedharmonycontent with attendVocabulary Thank you !
the Earth Summit The Earth Summit
The Earth Summit is a meeting held by the United Nations to discuss environmental issues. The first Earth Summit was held in Stockholm, capital of Sweden, to exchange ideas on how to protect the earth. Since 1972 to 2002, it has altogether been held 3 times, each with a theme.
1st -- the Human Environment
2nd--environment &development
3rd---Sustainable Development
Welcome to the earth summitReadingListen to the tape and tick the following mentioned in the text.
The United Nations.
The Earth Summit
Earth Day
Johannesburg in South Africa in 2002
Sustainable development
The “big three”
WHO
Premier Wen Jiabao
Education√√√√√√√IntroductionPara1BodyPara2-3ConclusionPara4-7Introduction to the Earth SummitMajor problems facing the worldWhat we can do to solve the problemsWhat is each part of the text about?Why did the UN hold the Earth Summit in 1972?
2. What is one of the main theme of Johannesburg
Summit ?
What do we mean by “sustainable development”?Read the first paragraph together and answer the questions:To share ideas about ways to take better care of the earth.Sustainable developmentIt means that we can continue developing the world without
damaging the environment.I Background: 3 Earth Summit Conferences:
*...Part 21.What are the “big three”? 2. How serious is drinking water problem in the
world today?3.What is the main cause of millions of deaths
in rural areas?(para2 -3)4. What are the other problems in the world today?
5. What is the usual way of global development?
6. What are the major things to do for sustainable
development according to Mr. Zhu Rongji?
Part 31 What’s the use of conferences like the Earth
Summit?2 How can we save the earth according to Para4?3 What is the key to solving the major problems?
Why?(para4-7)What other topics were mentioned by the
representatives besides “ the big three ” ?PovertyWarViolence2. Who organized the summits?
3. Why is it the UN rather than America or
China that held the summits?4. What do you think of the Earth Summit?It is not just about problems. In
fact, it is a place to find solutions
to the Problems for the future.The UN.5. What’s the key to solving the problems?With better education,People will be able to build a better society ______________ nature and perhaps___________ the death and _________ caused by the big three.
_______ of the poverty can be __________.
there is _______________ that we will see less violence and _______ wars.
in harmony withput an end tosufferingsmuchwiped outa good chancefewerCareful readingAug 26-Sep 4,2002Sustainable developmentThe “big three” and poverty, war, violence, etc.
States leaders, businessmen,experts…Premier Zhu RongjiA place to find solutionsEducation is the key to the futureFast readingRead the text and judge the following sentences.
1. The United Nations held the Earth Summit in 1972 in Japan.
2. In rural areas, people’s deaths have nothing to do with air pollution.
3. From the Earth Summit, we know that the earth is facing some serious problems.
4. Small changes mean a quite big difference and a big difference means that the environmental conditions of the earth will improve.
5. China’s former President Jiang Zeming stressed the the need for equality and fairness in the world.FFFTTStockholm. Air pollution alone causes almost 3 million deaths & most of these deaths happen in rural areas.Premier Zhu Rongjifill in the blanks with proper words.
The Earth Summit is a meeting held by the United Nations to discuss issues of ___________. The first Earth Summit was held in Stockholm, _______ in 1972. In 2002, the Earth Summit was held in Johannesburg, ___________, at which most speakers discussed the “________ ”. Many speakers, including then Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji, spoke about _______, ____ and violence and noted that without international _________, sustainable development will not be possible. The Earth Summit is not just about ________ .The message of it is also that there are many ________ we can find. Many people agree that ________ is the key to the future. environmentSwedenSouth Africabig threepovertywarcooperationproblemssolutionseducation1.The three biggest killers in the world refer to ___ .
A. noise, pollution and exploration
B. population, environment and industry
C. air pollution, poor sanitation & polluted drinking water
D. poverty, violence and wars
2.The “sustainable development “ means ___.
A. wiping out poverty through education
B. a better society in harmony with nature .
C. the need equality and fairness in the world
D. All of the above.
3.We can infer that the speakers present were ____.
A. representatives from developing countries
B. experts and VIPs of environmental protection from
all over the world
C. VIPs & representatives from all fields4."Sustainable development " was brought forth _______.
A. at the Stockholm Summit
B. at the Johannesburg Earth Summit
C. by the World Health Organization
D. by China's former Premier Zhu Rongji
5. Which of the following is the main cause of millions of deaths in rural areas ?
A. Lack of drinking water B. Poor sanitation
C. Air pollution D. Freezing cold
6. Which is the best way to make developing countries prosper ?
A. Holding conferences like the Earth Summit
B. Richer countries offer much help
C. A better understanding of the environment
D. International cooperation
7. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage ?
A. Different countries have different opinions about development
B. Equality and fairness are badly needed in the today's world
C. The Earth Summit , a way to save the earth
D. Sustainable development , the future for the world8. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage ?
The Earth Summit was once of great help to China
B. The Earth Summit is the best way to solve all kinds of problems
C. Without poverty , war or violence we can develop the world successfully
D. Our willingness to take action is necessary for the protection of our environment
9.which of the following best express the main idea of the passage?
Different countries have different opinions about development.
Equality and fairness are badly needed in the today’s world.
The Earth Summit, a way to save the earth.
Sustainable development, the future for the world.Topics:
As a citizen of the earth, what can we do to save the earth in our daily life?discussion PROPOSALS 1. Don’t use one-off chopsticks , lunch-boxes and cups.2. Don’t use paper tissue when you sneeze,use
handkerchief instead. 3. Don’t send post-cards.Send e-cards by e-mail. 4. Don’t throw rubbish at will.5. Don’t make a lot of noise.6. Don’t waste water 7. Don’t waste electricity.8. Don’t destroy trees or grass….Language points:
1 可持续发展
取得进步
继续做某事
据世界健康组织所说
世界上；到底
有……的机会sustainable development
make much/ little progress
continue doing/ to do
according to the WHO
on earth
have access tohave a responsibility for
be responsible to sb.
be responsible for sth.
sb. do whatever sb. can to do
take action to do
make a difference
7 对……负责
8 尽力做…
9 采取行动做…
10 有影响，
起作用11 是……的关键
和睦，融洽
结束
擦洗 ，去除，
消灭
15 有……的可能the key to sth./doing sth.
in harmony with …
put an end to
wipe out
There is a good chance that…Task 6: Discussion If you were a representation of China , what would you like to state at the Earth
Summit ? Listening & Speaking Problems: Most _______ don’t ______.
Governments of the world must: make
sure that all people from developing
countries have free access toSpeech 1leaders listen _____ ________ ______; limit the number of ____ per family; stop _______ _____ _____ without replacing them. clean drinking water cars cutting down trees People of the world must:
make use of alternative______________, such as ________, ______ and car-pooling;
reduce, _____ and _______as much as possible.
We need _______! transportation walking biking reuse recycle action Speech 2 The Earth Summit is not just about good ________ and big ______; it is about ______ __________ ______ the _________ we are facing. speeches words doing something about problems I have brought a bag of ________.
You may think that ________ is useless, but I will tell you how we can use ________ to make the future ________, cleaner and ______, and to ______ _______.rubbishrubbishgreener better make rubbishmoney Language Points
1.issue vt 发行,发表,发出 n. 问题，争议，发行
issue the magazine
debate an ~~
issue guns to the soldiers
n 刊物的一期，书籍的一次印刷
Have you seen the latest ~~ of the magazine?
The article appeared in the 4th issue of the magazine.
2.summarise/summarize v.= make a summary = sum up 概括，总结
n.
The chairman ___________the discussion in a few words.summarisedsummed up让我们总结一下今天学的知识吧。Let’s summarise what we have learnt today.3.. content n.内容/要旨,目录,容量,满意/足I didn’t understand the content of her speech.>> in/with content 满意/足地
The old couple live in content.Hearing the news,he smiled with content.这对老夫妻生活的很满足。听到这消息，他满意地笑了。
>> adj.满足的，满意的，甘愿的,(作表语） contented （作定语） a contented smile / expression/ look
be content with sth=be satisfied with
be content to do sth=be willing to do
Don’t be content with small success.
He is not content to be a worker all his life.Are you content with your present life?
不要有点成绩就满足。你对现在的生活满意吗？他不愿意一辈子做工人。>>vt. 使……满足
content sb./oneself with sth 使某人对……满足An icecream is enough to content the child.
We should never content ourselves with book knowledge.
一块冰淇淋足以让小孩子满足了。我们决不能满足于书本知识。1. representative ( of sb./ sth.)adj. 有代表性的; 典型的
be representative of 代表…My demand is representative of that （=the demand ）of the other members.
我是代表其他成员提出要求的.2. n. 代表; 典型; 议员Tom is our representative at the meeting.
a legal representative 法定代理人 2. 20% of the people on earth do not have
access to clean drinking water. on earth:
(1) 在世上，在人间
Our teacher is the best person on earth.
(2) 放在疑问词、否定词或最高级后加 强语气，
意为"究竟,到底,全然"
What on earth is he doing?
5. access n. ▲ 接近/进入(的方法） =approach
▲通道
▲到达/进入/使用/走访的权利/机会常用access to 的搭配短语gain /get/ have access to 接近……There’s no access to the top of the hill at all.
What is the access to success?根本没有到达山顶的方法。﹛
什么是成功之道？access: v. 靠近；接近access to
It is difficult to access to him. 1.你在家能上网吗?
2.我不知道密码，所以无法用他 的电脑。
3.有一条密道直通王宫Do you have access to
the internet at home ? I cant’t use/gain access to his
computer, since I don’t the password.There is a secret access directly
to the palace.3. Air pollution alone causes almost three
million deaths.alone副词，用在名词或代词后，表示"只，只
有；仅仅"He alone is not responsible for it.
这件事中只有他一个人没有责任。
Money alone cannot make you happy.
光有钱不能使你幸福。alone 还可以解释为 “单独地；独自地”
He likes to go it alone in everything.
他凡事都喜欢一个人干。
He did it all alone.
这事是他一个人干的。Alone作形容词时，意为"单独的，唯一的；
独一无二的" 在句中作表语
I am now alone at home.
I am not alone in this opinion.
不只是我一个人有这种想法
4. If we are to develop the world successfully,
we must make sure that everyone is able to take
part in the new world we create.be+to do sth表示安排、命令、职责、义务、
目的、用途、可能性、命中注定等含义
We are to meet at the school gate.
You are to be back by o’clock.
The prize is to honour him for his great.join
join in
take part in6. take part in (activity/game)=join in
join(a group), join sb. in sth(game)
attend(meeting/class/school/church)
How many countries _______________ the last Olympic Games?
Will you ______ Miss Li’s lecture tomorrow?
Before he _____ the army,he often _______ our games.
Would you like to _____ us ___ a walk.
took part in/joined inattendjoinedjoined injoinin▲▲▲▲5. All too often, global development means that
rich people get richer while the poor get
poorer.All too often意为“但经常发生的是”；“然而更
多的是”。作为承接上下文的转折部分。Everyone wants to get happiness. All too often
people quarrel a lot.7. stress vt. = emphasize 着重/强调n. 压力/紧张/强调 Some Ss lay/put little stress on English study.在会议上，他强调了教育的重要性。He stressed the importance of education at the meeting. 一些学生不重视英语学习。短语 lay/put stress on 重视/强调He is under great stress because
of his new work.
Lay/place/put stress on/upon:把
重点放在…上， 在…上用力
We should lay stress on the
prevention of diseases.
疾病应以预防为主。
He put special stress on helping others.7. Rich countries have a responsibility towards
poor countries and must (do whatever they can)
to help others.respond to---response to---be responsible to sb.for
---a sense of responsibility8. responsibility n 责任（心），职责
take/bear/accept ~ for…(u) 对……负责任
A father has many responsibilities.
>> be responsible for…对……负责
Drivers should be ~ for their passengers’ safety.
To grow up means_________________
______________________.你应当对所做的事负责任。 you should take/bear~
for whatever you do.父亲有很多职责司机应对乘客的安全负责。8. Without international cooperation, developing
countries cannot prosper, nor will sustainable
development be posible. cooperation---cooperate withprosper---prosperous---prosperity
His firm prospered through good management
and hard work.sustainable---sustain承受;保持
The branch couldn’t sustain the weight of snow
and broke.
I’m not going to sustain anger about that.9. There exist serious problems and there is still
time to take action.There stand many trees on the banks of the river.
There lie many big cities on the Yangtze river.
Once upon a time there lived an old king, whose name
was Ah Cai.
d. There remained several problems unsolved.
e. There seems to be a bit of truth in his speech
f. There appeared to be some misunderstandings about
the matter.
9. There exist serious problems and there is still time to take action.现在行动，否则太迟了。Take action now,or it will be too late. We should take any possible measure to protect our environment. 我们应采取一切措施保护我们的环境。take action/steps/measures (to do…) take action 采取行动，行动起来必须立即采取行动阻止火势蔓延。
Immediate action must be taken to stop the fire
spreading.Actions speak louder than words.
bring /call sth. into action使起…作用，使…生效
put /set sth. in action实行，开动
put sth. out of action使停止工作，使…不适用10. With better education, people will be able
to build a better society in harmony with
nature and perhaps put an end to the death
and suffering caused by the big three.in harmony with （与……）和谐相处
反义词：out of harmony with Only one hundred years ago man lived in
harmony with nature. Your words are out of harmony with your deeds.His tie matches his shirt.=His tie is in harmony with his shirt.大海与天空的和谐构成一幅美妙图画。Your tastes are not in harmony with mine
我的猫和狗生活的非常和谐。你的口味和我的不一致。My cat and my dog live in perfect harmony.>> in harmony和睦/谐地
in harmony with与……协调/一致11. harmony n.协调，和谐/睦
The harmony of sea and sky makes a
beautiful picture.
12.put an end to =end/finish 结束/制止
The whole world hope to put an end to
terrorism/wars.
The patient with cancer wanted to put an end to his life at first but gave up the idea at the end.
癌症病人一开始想自杀，但最终放弃了这个想法。我们结束争吵吧。Let’s put an end to this quarrel.put an end to结束；制止
We must put an end to this foolish behaviour.
当务之急是制止河流的严重污染。
The chief task of the moment is to put an end to
the terrible pollution in the rivers.
from end to end
come to an end
bring an end to sth.
/bring sth. to an end
make an end of sth.
make (both) ends meet
without end从这端到那端
告终，结束
使结束
结束某事物
使收支平衡
无尽的，无穷的11. If the world become less unfair and if people can get better education, much of the poverty can be wiped out.wipe out 擦洗 ，去除，消灭The mother wiped out the dirt with a towel.
The Chinese government has been making every
effort to wipe out poverty. wipe out one’s debts 还清债务wipe out 擦洗…的内部，去除，消灭
wipe up 擦干净，消灭 ~ ~ the spilt milk
wipe off 抹掉 ~ ~the water12. And if poverty is less of a problem and people
are better educated, there is a good chance
that we will see less violence and fewer wars.Less of a problem = short of a problem 不是什么问题 There is a chance that
Chances are (that)…
The chances are (that)…有…可能机会Chances are that he has heard the news.
很可能他已经听到这个消息了。14 Alternative a. 两者（或两者以上）
挑一的
alternative ways 可选择的两种（
或两种以上）方法
两者挑一，取舍，抉择
the alternative of going or staying
We have no alternative in the matter.
在这件事上，我们没有挑选的余地。
Have no alternative but…
除…外别无选择
You have no alternative but to lie down.
You have no choice but to lie down.
.除了这种方法，再没其他方法能解这道题。
2.这个春节我想回家看看。不过如果买不到火票.
我还有另一个计划——逛博物馆。 Besides this method, there is no other
alternative to solve the problem. I plan to go back home to visit my family during the spring festival, but I can’t get the train ticket, I still have an alternative plan: to visit the museum.战士保卫国家抵御敌人。 15.defend vt 防卫，保卫，为……辩护
>>defend sb./sth. from 保护某人/物免遭……
>> defend sb./sth. against 保卫某人抵御……
He picked a stick to defend himself.Police defend us from harm. We should ~ the earth from being polluted.Soldiers defend our country against the enemy.>> defense/defence n. defenseless adj.他捡了一个棍子保护自己。我们应保护地球免受污染。 16. affect vt=have an effect on 影响/感动 /
Smoking affects health (病)侵袭.
Heroes’ deeds affected us deeply/greatly.
=We were greatly affected by …
Xiaohua is affected with aids.
>> effect n. 结/效果，作用
take effect 生效 in effect=in fact 实际上
He tried many times but has no effect.
The new law will_________ next month.
_______, the drug ____________at all.
take effectIn effecttook no effecthad no effectdefend harmony affect attend advise wipe out be content with put an end to
1.We should _____________war.
2.Smoking ______ health.
3.The doctor________me not to smoke any more.
4.The village ___________ in the war.
5.The soldiers ________ their motherland against enemies.
6.People used to live in_________ with nature.
7.The old couple seem ________ the simple life
in the countryside.
8.Why didn’t he ______ the meeting?put an end toaffectsadvisedwas wiped outdefendedharmonycontent with attendVocabulary Thank you !