省略

省略句
一、句子结构的省略
1、有些省略结构可省略主语和谓语，若主语与谓语相同，则可以省略后面的主谓成分。
His advice made me happy, but(his advice made)him angry.
2、有些省略结构可省略主语和系动词。
a、在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as, if,unless,as if,though, as, whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同或是it时，则主句的主语和be常可省略。
Though (he was)tired, he was not disheartened.
His opinion, whether (it is)right or wrong, would be considered.
When(he was)rescued,he was almost dead.
b、there be句中，there be亦可省略。
(Is there)Anybody in ? 里面有人吗？
c、定语从句关系代词与be动词的省略。
1）、凡是进行时态的定语从句可省略关系代词和be动词。
The man (who was)sitting in the corner is my brother.
2）、凡是被动语态的定语从句可省略关系代词与be动词。
The goods (which were) ordered last month have not arrived.
I saw a girl (who was) dressed in red.我看见一位穿红衣服的女孩。
３、若主语不同，而谓语中的助动词、情态动词相同，则可省略后面的助动词和情态动词。
I should cook and my husband (should) clean.
４、定语从句和名词性从句中的省略。
a、在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词whom,who,which,that可省略。
The girl (whowhomthat)the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying.
b、在know,think,consider,suppose,find,believe,say,decide等动词后的宾语从句中that可省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个可省略，其余的不可以省略。
I think (that)it will clear up this afternoon.
c、由which,when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句可以全部省略或部分省略.
He will come back, but he doesn't when (he will come bake).
d、在与suggestrequest orderadvise等词相关的名词性从句中必须用虚拟语气。“should + v”形式，should可省略。
The officer ordered that his men (should) fire.
5、复合句中的特殊省略现象。
省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用so 或 not代替。常用于此类的动词有believe , think, expect, guess, hope, imagine, suppose, say, tell等以及appear, seem, afraid等。
--- Is he feeling better today ?
--- I’m afraid not. (not = he feeling better today)
二、句子成分的省略
1、主语的省略
a、祁使句可省去主语
Sit down please!
Hand me the hammer, will you?
b、there be 中的there 亦可作为主语省去。
(There )Must be somebody waiting for you?
C、在非正式文体中，定语从句在某些句子结构中，也可以省去主语。
There’s somebody wants to see you.
2、谓语的省略
Only one of us was injured, and he (was injured) just slightly.
We went through the tests on a Monday. Jenny had hers during the day, and I (had) mine after work.
●有时可省去谓语中的主要动词。
We’ll do the best we can (do).
３、助动词的省略，尤其在口语中
You (had) better try again.
You (are) doing this on purpose?
They (have) been coming here a long time.
４、宾语的省略
Let’s do the dishes, I’ll wash (dishes) and you dry(dishes).
５、定语的省略
If you need any of that firewood, I can give you plenty(of that firewood).
6、状语的省略
He was not hurt, (how) strange!
７、有些结构可以省略整个句子
(31)、----Are you all right?
----No, (I’m not right)
8、表语的省略
(32)---Are these your friends?
---Yes, they are (my friends).
三、动词不定式的省略
１、只保留to的场合
a、不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见动词如：like, love, care, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, mean, try, advise, persuade, agree, want, afford, forget, remember, manage等。
You can do it this way if you care to.
b、不定式在句中作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时，常见的动词如：ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit等。
She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to.
c、不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见的形容词如：happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready等。
I think she should get a job, but you can’t force her if she’s not ready to.我认为
d、不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如：be able to , be going to, have to, ought to, used to 等。但当省略的不定式内容是作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留到原形have或to.
He did not come, but he ought to have (come).
2、动词不定式符号to的省略
a、主语部分有to do, 系动词是iswas时，作表语的不定式通常省略to。
The only thing you have to do is (to ) press the button.你须做的事是按按钮。
b、作介词but, except, besides的宾语，前面有实义动词do的各种形式时，常省略不定式符号to.
Tom had nothing to do besides answer letters this morning.
c、当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可省略。但有对比关系时不可省。
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
d、在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have, make, let, leave, observe等词后作宾语补足语时，省略不定式符号to.
Did you notice her enter the room?
四、介词的省略
a、一些常和动词、名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常可省略，而保留其后的动名词。常见的结构有：spendwaste time (in) doing, lose no time (in) doing, have difficultytrouble(in)doing, be busy (in) doing, stopprevent sb.(from) doing
The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.
b、表示时间的介词at、 on、和in用在nextlastthistheseyesterdaytomorrowoneanyeveryeachsomeall等词前，一般皆省略；表示一段时间状语的短语之前的for也可省略。
We go to school every day except Sundays.除了星期天外，我们每天都上学。
五、其他省略
a、会话中的省略
省略在会话中应用广泛，无论是回答别人的问题，还是在接别人说话时都会发生，否则就觉得累赘。
----Do you like this shirt?
----Yes, (I like this shirt) very much.
b、虚拟条件句中连词if的省略
如果条件句的谓语有werehadshould时，可省略if，把werehadshould移到主语之前。
Were I you, I would do the work better.
Should there time, they would certainly come and help us.
省 略 专 练
The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him _____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
The traditional goal of science is to discover how things are, not how they ought ____.
A. to B. to be C. be D. have been
---Did you work in the lab every afternoon? ---No, but sometimes, I wish I ____.
A. had time to B. had time to do C. have time to D. have time
---I hope the children won’t touch the dog. ----I ‘ve warned them ____.
A. not B. not to C. not touch D. not do
Some students are going to China in summer vacation, and ____.
some are to America B. some going to America C. some to America
D. some America
The workers did all ___ good care of the old man.
A. they could to take B. they could take C. which they could to take D. what they could to take
3. —Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?
??—______?
A What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How come
The photographs of other planets taken by satellite are clear than ___.
A. the earth B. those taken from the earth C. those of the earth D. of the earth
why ___? It is not very serious.
A. to worry B. worry C. not worry D. you are worried
___ the road, don’t forget to look both ways.
A. As crossing B. While you cross C. While crossing D. Cross
Chemistry is the science of substances ___ the science of energy.
A. and is physics B. or is physics C. and physics D. or physics is
12. –Who broke the window? --- ____.
A. Him B. He C. He broke D. It is him
---Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
--- Why ___? John is sitting there doing nothing.
A. him B. he C. I D. me
–I’m looking forward as much to her return as she herself to _____ me.
A have seen B. seeing C. meet D. be met
-You must obey every word of mine. ----____ I don’t.?
A. How if B. What if C. Such as D. Only if
When ___, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
17. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ____ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
Who can you turn to in time of danger,
if not ______?
Ourselves B. ours C. we D. us
19. . —Is your mother going to the supermarket ?
?—No, ______.
A. she doesn’t B. she’s cooking
C. she gets by bus D. to a tailor’s shop
—She may not be free today.
??—_____, we’ll have to put the meeting off.
A If may B. If not
C. If she may not D. If she may not be free today
Keys to the exercises:
1-5 ABABC 6-10 AABBC 11-15 CADBB
16-20 ADDDB
课件31张PPT。高考“省略句”面面观Ellipsis英语中有时为了避免重复，使语言简练紧凑，在不损害句子结构或不引起误解的原则下，往往省去一个或多个句子成分或词语。现把高考中的省略句式归纳如下：一、状语从句中句子成分的省略在以when, while, if, as if, though (although), as, whether, once等连词引导的时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词,保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等。 e.g. 1. Generally speaking, ________according to directions, the drug has no side effect.
　　A. when taking B. when taken
　　C. when to take D. when to be takenB2. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in 3. When ________, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed4. The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun CAD5. If ________ the same treatment again, he's sure to get well.
A. Giving B. give C. given D. being given 6. While building a tunnel through the mountain, ________.
A. an underground lake was discovered
B. there was an underground lake discovered
C. a lake was discovered underground
D. the workers discovered an underground lake二、动词不定式的省略在同一句或联系紧密的对话里，常把不定式to后内容相同的部分省略，只保留to。 CD1. --- You should have thanked her before you left.
--- I meant ________, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to
C. doing D. doing it2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 3. --- I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
---Not at all. ________.
A. I've no time B. I'd rather not
C. I'd like it D. I'd be happy to BAD三、虚拟条件句中连词if的省略 在虚拟条件句中，如含有had, were, should等时，if可省略，句子倒装。 What would have happened ________, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther
B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther
D. if Bob walked farther　四、宾语从句的省略在同一句或联系紧密的对话里，后一句常常省略内容相同的宾语从句或从句的一部分。 e.g. Had I known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, I would have never bought one.C--- Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?
--- ________.
A. I don't believe B. I don't believe it
C. I believe not so D. I believe not 五、主、谓、宾等成分的省略在英语情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。 1. ---What do you think made Mary so upset?
---________her new bicycle.
A. As she lost B. Lost
　 C. Losing D. Because of losingDC2. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and________.
A. the other is white B. another white
C. the other white D. another is white3. --- Would you like some wine?
--- Yes, just ________.
　　 A. little B. very little C. a little D. a fewCCBest wishes to you！简单句中的省略1、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。(1) (I) Thank you for your help.
(2) (I) See you tomorrow.
(3) (It) Doesn’t matter.
(4) (I) Beg your pardon.简单句中的省略2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 (1) (There is) No smoking .
(2) (Is there) Anything wrong ?
(3) (Will you) Have a smoke ?
(4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?
(5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ?简单句中的省略3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have:(1) –Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (go there).
(2) He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).
(3) –Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.
(4) –He hasn’t finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have.简单句中的省略4、省略表语 (1) –Are you thirsty? --Yes, I am (thirsty).
(2) His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy).5、同时省略几个成分 (1) Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.
(2) –-Have you finished your work ?
---(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.主从复合句中的省略1.省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中经常出现。 (1) ( I’m ) Sorry to hear you are ill.
(2) ( It’s a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance.2.一部分表示心理愿望和猜测的动词后面,可用或必须用so或not,来表示对某一说法的肯定或否定态度。(1) –Is he coming back tonight? --I think so.
(2) –She must be busy now? --If so, she can’t go with us.
(3) –Is she feeling better today? --I’m afraid not.
(4) –Do you think he will attend the meeting? --I guess not.
这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not. 并列句中的省略 两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 (1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.
(2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.
(3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.其他省略1、连词的that省略宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况。
(2) 在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略.另外，凡是进行时态和被动语态的定语从句都可省略关系代词和be 动词。2、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去“主语+be”部分 When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.
She tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health.
If (you are) asked you may come in.
If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.其他省略3、不定式符号to的省略并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
(2) help 当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带.
I will help (to) do it for you.
I will help you (to) do it.
（3）介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带 to.
The boy did nothing but play.其他省略(4) 某些使役动词（let, make, have）及感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复原。
I saw the boy fall from the tree.
The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
The boss made us work 12 hours a day.
We were made to work 12 hours a day.其他省略(5) 主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。
All we can do now is (to) wait.
(6) find 当“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。
We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment.
但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。
She found him to be dishonest. 其他省略4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。 Had they time, they would certainly come and help us.
(2) Were I you, I would do the work better.
(3）Should there be a flood, what should we do?5、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be). 简单句中的省略3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have:(1) –Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (go there).
(2) He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).
(3) –Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.
(4) –He hasn’t finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have.
When first _____ to the market,
these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
分析：when引导的时间状语从句，如果从句的主语和主句的
主语相同，且从句中谓语部分有be时，可以省略句中的主语和be，
本句中when后面省略了these products were.
2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie
when _____ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. having questioned
C. questioned D. to be questioned
分析：本句when后面省略了I was
3. —Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?
??—______?
What for B. What is it
C. How is it D. How come分析：第二个人不知道为什么要倒空抽屉，所以问
为什么。What for（为什么）它的完整表达应是
What are you going to use the empty drawer for ?
4. I’m looking forward as much to her return
as she herself to _____ me.
have seen B. seeing
C. meet D. be met分析：本句后半部分as she herself to _____me是as
she herself is looking forward to seeing me的省略。
6. Who can you turn to in time of danger,
if not ______?
Ourselves B. ours
C. we D. us分析： if not ______ 是if you don’t turn to
us 的省略。
7. —Did you visit the museum last week ?
?—No, we _____, but we spent too much
time shopping.
could have B. could
C. must have D. must分析：句中we _____是we could have
visited the museum last week.的省略形式。
8. —Is your mother going to the supermarket ?
?—No, ______.
A. she doesn’t B. she’s cooking
C. she gets by bus D. to a tailor’s shop分析：根据对话的语境，表明：我妈妈不打算
去超市，而是去裁缝铺。to a tailor’s shop
是She is going to a tailor’s shop.的省略。 9. —She may not be free today.
??—_____, we’ll have to put the meeting off.
If may
B. If not
C. If she may not
D. If she may not be free today
分析：答语的前半部分的完整回答应是：
If she is not free today. 1. _____, I will help you with your work.
If I am possible B. If it possible
C. If possible D. Possible
2. —Do you follow me? —Yes, _____.
it is good B. I will
C. perfectly D. very good
3. —How are you getting on with your work ?
—Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as _____.
plans B. planning
C. planned D. to plan
4. —Are you a teacher?
?—No, but I _____. I worked in a middle school for three years.
am B. will C. do D. was5. —How many poor counties will there be in our
province by 2010?
? —There will be only a few, if _____.
much B. some C. any D. many
6. —Why didn’t you come to Mike’s birthday party
yesterday ?
?—Well, I_____, but I forgot it.
A. should B. must C. should have D. must have
7. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients
don’t take medicine _____.
A. like directed B. to be directed
C. as directed D. so that directed答案
C If possible：如果有可能的话。
已经成为了惯用语是If it is possible的省略。
2. C perfectly 是I follow you perfectly的省略。
3. C 事情不象计划的那样好。
完整句是：…as it was planned.
4. D but I _____是But I was a teacher 的省略。
5. C if _____的完整表达是：
If there were any poor provinces….
6. C I_____的完整表达是：
I should have gone to Mike’s birthday party
yesterday.
7. C 有50%的病人没有按医嘱吃药。
完整表达是：as many as 50% of patients
don’t take medicine as they are directed
by the doctors.1). (NMET95)—I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat ?
—Not at all. ____.
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not
C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to
2). “Are you a film star?” “____.”
Yes , I was B. I used to be
C. I used to D. I’m used to
3). (NMET 97)—Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
—I ___ , but I had an unexpected visitor.
had B. would C. was going to D. did DBC4) (NMET94)---Do you think it is going to rain over the weekend?
---_______.
A. I don’t believe C. I don’t believe it
B. I believe not so D. I believe not.
5) --- Will you and your sister visit your parents this winter?
---______.
Which of the answer is NOT right to complete the sentence?
A. I expect so B. I hope so C. I expect it D. I think soDC6)---Is she going to the cinema?
--- No. _____.
she’s riding B. she goes there by bus
C. to the theatre D. she doesn’t
7)---Have you been here long?
--- ____.
A. Not much B. No, not very
C. Yes, only little D. No, only yesterday
8)(NMET94)--- Don’t forget to come to my birthday
Party tomorrow?
--- ______.
I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’tCBB9)---John feels much better this morning.
--- I know he ___.
does B. does so C. does it D. does that
10)--- John threw away his new pen.
--- I wonder why _____.
Which of the following is NOT right ?
A. he did B. he did so C. he did it D. did that
11) --- Who’s got all my money?
--- He ____.
A. does B. is C. has D. was
ACC