课件104张PPT。1.acupuncturist n. 针灸医生 2. author n.作者 3. bristle v. (毛发等)直立4. child-minder n. 保育员 5. consequence n. 结果 6. dentist n. 牙医 7. disposable adj. 可(任意)处理;用后即可丢弃的 8. emit v. 发出,发射,散发 9. erect adj. 竖直的 10. growl v/n 狂吠， 咆哮
1. herbalist n. 药草医生 2. ominous adj. 不祥的， 不吉利的 3. optician n. 配置眼镜的技师 4. overworked adj. 工作过度的， 过分劳累 5. prickling n. 针刺， 刺痛 6. routine n.日常工作 惯例 7. sting v/n 刺，叮 8. surgeon n 外科医师 9. toddler n 学步的儿童 10. tranquilliser n. 安定药，镇定剂1.Fashions in child-care, as all parents know, come and go.
2. Most schoolchildren do some sport at school, and many adults take regular exercise in their free time.
3. If the world were a safer place,
every child would run around freely, but that is simply not possible
4. Ms Jackson is worried that if small children take no regular exercise, bad habits will continue into adulthood.
5. Many experts in child development feel that children will learn to run and jump as they play naturally.Unit 6 body and Mind We all get ill from time to time. But most of us try to stay in good health. Magazines and newspapers often give advice on health. Look at the headlines. 1.Are you getting enough sleep?Getting enough sleep can keep your healthy 2. Your skin hates junk food.Eating too much junk food will make your skin bad3. Jog your way to a healthy heartDoing some slow running will keep your heart health4. You are what you eatHealthy food will keep you healthy5. Do you really want to smell like an ashtray?Don’t smoke too much 6. Meditation – the answer to life’s pressuresMeditation n.
1．[uncountable] the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in order to relax completely or for religious reasons 冥想Yoga involves breathing exercises, stretching, and meditation. 逾珈包括呼吸练习，伸展和冥想。
There is a peaceful place for reading and quiet meditation. 这是个适合读书和沉思的好地方。2．[countable usually plural] serious thoughts about a particular subject 沉思录
meditation on
meditations on death and loss 死亡与迷失思考录Spend some time to let yourself in a peaceful statement. It will keep you healthy.What are these people doing??Work with a partner and list all the advice you can think of for staying healthy and tell your partner what you do to stay healthy.Fit for life Fashions in child-care, as all parents know,
come and go. Bottle-feeding or mother’s milk?
Disposable nappies or washable towels? Full-
time parental care or a child-minder? And
now, following the publication of a new book
called Childsplay , do the under-fives need
exercise routines? The author of Childsplay,
Lucy Jackson, believes that they do. Most
schoolchildren do some sport at school, and
many adults take regular exercise in their
free time.Toddlers , though, spend most of the time in
front of the television or sitting in the
pushchair and /or high chair. If the world
were a safer place, every child would run
around freely, but that is simply not possible.
As a result, they become inactive, overweight
and unfit.
Ms Jackson is worried that if small children
take no regular exercise, bad bad habits will
continue into adulthood. She suggests that
parents should begin exercises with very
small babies, moving their legs and arms
gently in time to music. As children grow they
should follow an exercise programme using
soft ball, household furniture and play
equipment.Many experts in child development are not convinced. They feel that children will learn to run and jump as they play naturally; they do not need structured exercise. They would not be overweight if they ate healthier food. An increasing number of parents, though, are taking their youngsters to exercise classes. The tots jump around with their mothers to disco music. They seem to enjoy themselves, but it is not at all clear if the classes have any effect on their future development.1. fit for life
fit adj. 健康的，合适的， 恰当的
keep fit= keep healthy.
think fit to do 决定做……
e.g. the parents have thought fit to let their only child go abroad.
2 Fashions in child-care, as all parents know, come and go
fashions in child-care: 新潮的儿童保育方法
as all parents know:
come and go : 来来去去;变来变去; 转瞬消失
come full circle 绕回原处；毫无进展come home to 完全理解；领悟
come unstuck 遭遇挫折或困难
how come 怎么 how did/dose it happen
If she spend 5years in Paris, how come she can’t speak a word of French?
come in : become fashionable
Long hair for men came in the sixties.
3. full-time 全职
part-time 兼职
4. as a result adv. 结果 as result of
As result of hard study, he has got a big progress.6. sb. is worried about ……
Continue into +n. 表示继续进入另一个阶段
7.begin…with…
E.g. Let’s begin our party with a merry song.
In time to music 跟着节奏
You can’t dance in time to music.
8. not at all adv. 一点也不
effect on 对……有影响; have an effect on sth.=affect sth.
Do you know the effect of smoking on your health?Which of these opinions are expressed in the article? Which one do you agree with?
1. adults do not get enough exercise.
Many adult take regular exercise.
2. small children do not get enough exercise.
Do the under-fives need exercise routines? The author of Childsplay, Lucy Jackson, believes that they do.
3. babies need to do exercises.
parents should begin exercises with very small babies
4. children should have a better diet.
They would not be overweight if they ate healthier food.
5. people need training in parenting skills.List all the words and phrases that refer to young children.
0-1year small babies
2-4 years tots/ youngsters
18 months- 3 years toddlers
1-5 years small children
After 5 years school children . Guess the meaning of these words from the article, and check with a dictionary. What are the meaning of –able and over-
-able = you can do this
disposable : intended to be used one time or a short time then thrown away (disposable of )
washable: sth. can be washed
-over = too much
Overweight: weighting more than is expected or is usual (e.g. Children become overweight)an enjoyable evening
An evening you can enjoy
a profitable business
A business you can make money or get good result from
dependable staff
Staff you can depend on
overworked teachers
Teachers who work too much
overpopulated areas
There are too much people living in the areas
an overloaded bus
The bus is carrying too muchover-abundance
n.过多
overact v.夸张表演
over charge v.讨价过高, 使过量装填过度充电
n. 超载, 过重的负担, 过度充电
oversleep v. (使)睡过头
over-anxious adj. 过分渴望的
over-long adj. adv 过长的，超长的
over-sensitive adj. 过于敏感的
over cutting 过伐
over stretch 过度伸长Fashionable
Comfortable
Eatable
Changeable
Payable
Useable
Avoidable
Admirable Look at this conditional sentence from the article:…if small children take no regular exercise, bad habits will continues into adulthood.
1. Which verb structures are used in the two clauses?
If +present simple +will
2. Which clause expresses:
A) a condition?
B) a consequence?If clauseMain clause 3. Complete this sentence, using the first conditional:
If toddlers ___ (do) exercises, they ________ fit.
4. Does the first conditional express a condition that is likely or unlikely?dowill stayIf the world were a safer place, every child would run around freely,……
They would not be overweight if they ate healthier food.
1. Which verb structures are used in each clause?
If +past simple tense + would + infinitive (without to )Now look at these sentences from the article:2. Which clause express:
a condition?
a consequence?
3. What do you notice about the past form of to be in the if clause?
Complete this sentence, using the second conditional:
If there ______ (be) no cars, children _________ (play) in the street.
5. Does the second conditional express conditions that are likely, unlikely or unreal?
If clauseMain clause would playwereNow use your imagination to finish these second conditional sentences.
1. if I had a small child, ……
I’d employ a nanny (child’s nurse )
2. if children didn’t watch television,……
they’d play with each other.
3. if they played in the streets,……
They’d get more exercise.
4. if parents didn’t listen to experts,……
They’d worry more about their children.
5. children would be healthier, ……
If they took more exercises.
6. they wouldn’t have a bad diet, ……
If their parents cooked often.
7. teenagers would be healthier,……
If they switched off the TV.
8. if I found my child with a cigarette,……
I’d explain the dangers of smoking to him. Speaking Pair work:
People often worry about relatives who smoke. What arguments could you use to persuade a relative to stop smoking.
If you stopped smoking , you’d be much healthier.
You’ll damage your lungs if you don’t stop smoking!
Think of excuses that your relative might make to justify smoking.
I’d be irritable if I stopped smoking.
Role playStudent A: you are a smoker. Think of some clever excuses!
Student B: you are a nonsmoker relative. Be persuasive.Exercises 1. They feel that children do not need __________ exercise.
A. Structure B. structured
C. structuring D. structural
2. If Alice ___________ this afternoon, the meeting should be put off.
A. would not come B. might not come
C. should not come D. could not come
3. Fashions ______ child-care, as all parents know, come and go.
A. on B. in C. at D. of
4. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _________ to the meeting.
A. came B. would come
C. had come D. would have come
5. The teacher suggest him ________ BBC every day to improve listening ability.
A. listen to B. listening to
C. listened to D. listens to
6. The comment he made _________ relations between two countries.
A. hurt B. break
C. damage D. destroy7. This laundry needs __________ today.
A. washed B. to wash
C. washing D. wash
8. The tots jump around with their mother’s _____ disco music.
A. in B. with C. to D. on
9. He will not leave unless it ________ fine tomorrow.
A. was B. were C. is D. will be
10. If I __________-with her last summer, I ________ with her now.
A worked…am getting on very well
B. had worked…would get on very well
C. had worked…would have got on very well
D. had worked…will get on very well
11. I’ve had no exercise for ages, I’m really out of __________-.
A. situation B. condition
C. state D. occasion12. “Jane wants to see you tomorrow.”
“I would rather she _________ today than tomorrow.
A. comes B. should come
C. come D. came
13. I convinced _________ her letter.
A. him to answer B. that he should answer
C. that he will answer D. his answering
15. “How’s yesterday’s party?”
_____________________
A. I’m enjoyed.
B. I’m enjoyable.
C. I enjoyed myself.
D. I’m enjoying. 14. __________ so busy, she would come to help you.
A. Should my daughter B. Was my daughter not.
C. If my daughter were not D. If my daughter isn’t1. author n.作者 2. cigarette n.香烟 3. consequence n. 结果 4. fashion n. 流行样式,时尚5. disposable adj. 可(任意)处理;用后即可丢弃的 6. routine n. 日常工作 7. youngster n.儿童,年轻人 8. child-minder n. 保育员 9. inactive adj.不活跃 10. parental adj. 父母的
1. from time to time 时不时的2. give some advice on 给…意见3. stay in good health/ in good condition身体健康4. as a result 结果5. overworked adj. 工作过度的， 过分劳累 6. toddler n 学步的儿童 7. expert n.专家 8. relatives n. 亲戚9. jog n/v慢跑10. adulthood n.成年时代1.Fashions in child-care, as all parents know, come and go.
2. Most schoolchildren do some sport at school, and many adults take regular exercise in their free time.
3. If the world were a safer place,
every child would run around freely, but that is simply not possible
4. Ms Jackson is worried that if small children take no regular exercise, bad habits will continue into adulthood.
5. Many experts in child development feel that children will learn to run and jump as they play naturally.Section2 Treatment Look at these words.
optician pharmacist surgeon acupuncturist dentist psychiatrist herbalist An optician- person who makes and sells optical instruments
A pharmacist- (druggist in American English) is a trained person who works in a pharmacy dispensing medicines.
A surgeon- is a doctor who perform surgical operation.
An acupuncturist- is a person who treats diseases by placing needles in certain parts of the body.
A dentist- is a person whose work is filling, cleaning and taking out teeth, and fitting artificial teeth. A psychiatrist- is a doctor who is trained to treat people with disorders of the mind.
A psychologists are trained in the study or science of the mind. They are not doctors and are not able to prescribe medicines or treatment.)
A herbalist- uses herbs to treat illness.
Can you list some other words with suffix –cian or –ist.
Musician
Politician
Physician
Paediatrician
Is a doctor who specialized in treating sick children .
Historian
Mathematician
Italian Brazilian Dramatist
Publicist
Violinist
Physicist
Chemist
Linguist
Biologist
Scientist
Psychologist
Geologist
Motorist GermanistWho would you see if you:
a). had toothache?
If I had a toothache, I’d see a dentist.
b). needed an operation?
If I need an operation. I’d see a surgeon.
c). were extremely unhappy?
If I were extremely unhappy, I’d see a psychiatrist.
d). had bad eyesight?
If I had bad eyesight. I’d see an optician.e). wanted natural medicines from plants?
If I wanted natural medicines from plants, I’d see a herbalist.
f). wanted treatment with needles?
If I wanted treatment with needles, I’d see an acupuncturist.
g). needed medicine for a minor problem?
If I needed medicine for a minor problem, I’d see a pharmacist.
Note:A pain is a sharp, intense feeling. An ache is a continuous, but not violent pain.—ache is often combined with head, stomach, ear, tooth, back. Headache is always a countable noun. The others are often uncountable nouns if they refer to a condition. e.g. I often have terrible backache. If you are talking about a single attack, the nouns can be countable or uncountable. e.g. I’ve got (a) terrible backache. In American English, they are more often used as countable nouns. Painful and sore are both adjectives. They both refer to physical pain, though painful, like pain, is more intense. Sore includes the idea of aching from a wound or infection. e.g. I’ve got a sore throat. My legs are sore from doing aerobics yesterday. The verb to hurt can be used for all types of aches and pains.
Match these words for health problems with the pictures. How would each person describe their problem? Choose one or more phrases from each of List A and B.An ache a pain a cut a sting
Now please look at the pictures below.Key: A. a bee stung me. It’s painful. It’s sore.
B. I’ve cut myself. I’ve broken my arm. It’s sore. It’s bleeding. It hurts. It’s painful.
C. I’ve got a headache. It aches.
D. I’ve got a pain in my side. It hurts. It’s painful.
Comparing cultures3.look at this picture of a doctor’s waiting room.
what point is the artist making about doctors’ surgeries in Britain.
Is this true in your country? How long must you wait on average? Is it necessary to make an appointment?A patient is consulting his doctor1. Listen to Part 1 of the conversation. Then list the questions that you think the doctor will ask .
2. Listen to Part 2 of the conversation and compare your questions with the doctor’s.
3. Decide what advice the doctor will give . Listen to part3 and check.
4. Do you ever feel like this? What do you do when you feel tired. Look at these extracts from the conversationPeople of your age ought to sleep for at least seven hours a night.
You should start to take some exercise.
You certainly ought not to drink coffee before going to bed.
You shouldn’t worry so much.1. What is the fun_ction of the words in bold?
They give advice.
2. What form of the verb follows:
A) should ?
is followed by the infinitive without to.
B) ought?
is followed by the infinitive with to.
3. How is the negative of each verb formed?
Not is added, e.g. should not/shouldn’t ought not to/ oughtn’t to Work in pairsStudent A: you are a patient. You have a pain somewhere. Think about the details of your problem.
Student B: You are the doctor. Your patient is in pain. Think about the questions you want to ask and what you want to say. Use these guidelines to help you.BASIC INFORMATION:
What …? Where exactly
REASSURANCE:
Don’t worry. It’s …
MORE DETAILS:
How long…? How bad…?
ADVICE:
You should… You ought to…
Let’s learn useful expressions used by doctors and patients.When someone is in good healthHis doctor gave him a clean bill of health.
A clean bill of health= a good report on one’s health
He’s in the pink.
He’s in top form.
I couldn’t be better.
I feel like a million dollars.
I feel like a million bucks.I’m sound as dollar (cliché )
I’m fresh as a daisy. (cliché )
She’s healthy as a horse. (cliché)
Observing that someone looks disorderly
You look tired/dreadful/terrible/ a sight/pale
You look like you’ve been through a war.
You look like you’ve been to hell and back.
You look like death.
You’re white as a ghost.When someone looks very bad You could stop a truck (informal)
You could stop a clock. (informal)
That face could stop a clock (informal)
Are you having a bad hair day? (informal)
You’re as ugly as sin. (informal)Inquiring about someone’s health or well-being Are you ok? Are you feeling ok? Are you all right?
Do you feel all right?Sickness Concerning allergies
I’m allergic to sulfa
=I have an allergy to/ I can’t tolerate…
I’m allergic to penicillin/cats/ dogs/pollen/dust/ shrimp.
I can’t eat strawberries/drink milk/have dairy products.
I can’t digest milk.My sinuses are acting up/ congested
My nose is stuffed up/ clogged/congested.
Bless you/ God bless you./ Gesundheit
My eyes are swollen/ puffy/ itch.
I’m breaking out.
I break out when I eat chocolate.
My skin itches whenever I eat shrimp.
I’m sick
I feel sick
I feel downright awful.
I’m sick as a dog (informal)I feel sick to my stomach.
I’m sick to my stomach.
I feel nauseous.
I feel like throwing up (informal)
My head is killing me.
My head is throbbing. 我头部一跳一抽的痛
I’m dizzy 我头晕
The room is spinning. 房间好像在转
I need a nap 我需要打个盹
My get-up-and –go has got up and left. (informal) 我已经没有精力了
Get-up-and-go = energy; vitalityDoctors What’s the matter?
What brings you here?
Describe what’s wrong.
What seems to be the problem?
You look fit as a fiddle. What could be wrong?
Can you describe the problem/the symptoms?
Can you tell me what’s wrong?
Does it hurt when I do this?
Have you had the problem before?Have you had this problem long?
Have you had this before?
There’s a kink in my neck.
A kink= a twist or a cramp 我的颈部抽筋
Some symptoms of unfitness 不舒服的症状
头昏，失去知觉 faint
咳嗽 cough
打喷嚏 sneeze
打嗝 belch/burp/hiccup
呕吐 throw up/bring up/vomit
拉肚子 have loose bowels
打冷颤 tremble
发热发烧 have a fever/be hot headed
抽鼻子 sniffle
喘气，喘息 gasp/wheeze
打呼 snoreDocumentaryNote:
You can be nervous (= rather afraid) before or during an event, e.g. if you have to make a speech in public. A person can have a nervous character. Anxious usually means worried about something that might happen. Worried also expresses anxiety but is a little stronger than anxious. Nervous, anxious, and worried are all similar in intensity.Before you listen, look at the picture1.What is this man’s job?He’s a dentist.2. What is he doing at the moment? He is talking to a patient.3. find these words in your dictionary. Put them in order of the strength of fear from least to greatest.
(least) uneasy
frightened terrified nervous petrified uneasy worried anxious
Uneasy-anxious-nervous- worried-frightened- terrified- petrified
4. how do you think the girl in the picture feels?
How do you feel at the dentist’s?Mubarak samji is a British dentist. Listen and answer the questions.
1. why are people frightened of dental treatment ?
2. which of these methods does Mr. Samji say he uses to calm people?
A) soft music d) no treatment
B) a local anaesthetic e) tranquillisers
C) a general anaesthetic
3. what advice does he give children?
You should ……
You shouldn’tListen to a conversation with another dentist. Which expressions do you hear?
Don’t worry. I’m afraid of ……
Don’t be afraid. Calm down.
Don’t cry. It’ll be all right.
Relax. I’m worried about…
I’m frightened of ……
Now group all the expressions into way of :
A) describing fear:
I’m afraid of ……/I’m worried about…/I’m frightened of ……
B) calming and reassuring someone:
Don’t worry/Don’t be afraid/Calm down/Don’t cry/ It’ll be all right/ Relax. Listen . Dose the speaker’s voice move up or down at the end of these expressions? Match each intonation pattern with a group of expressions.A
BDon’t worry.
It’ll be all right.
Don’t be afraid.
Don’t cry.Calm down
RelaxListen again and repeat.1. Today we are going to talk about “sounds” please look at the following words, which describe sounds. Then listen to the tape.
scream rustle creak
smash whisper rumble
crack drip bump
splash growl coughCreating a moodStoryThe author of The Woman in Black, Susan Hill, is an English novelist and children’s writer. She is also a radio broadcaster and a regular reviewer of fiction for national newspapers. A stage version of The Woman in Black has become extremely popular throughout Britain.Biography
Novelist, children's writer and playwright Susan (Elizabeth) Hill was born in Scarborough, England, on 5 February 1942. She was educated at Scarborough Convent School and at grammar school in Coventry, before reading English at King's College, London, graduating in 1963 and becoming a Fellow in 1978. Her first novel, The Enclosure, was published in 1961 when she was still a student. She worked as a freelance journalist between 1963 and 1968, publishing her third novel, Gentleman and Ladies, in 1968. She became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1972 and was a presenter of BBC Radio 4's 'Bookshelf' from 1986 to 1987. In 1996 she started her own publishing company, Long Barn Books, editing and publishing a quarterly literary journal, Books and Company, in 1998. Susan Hill is married to the Shakespeare scholar Professor Stanley Wells with whom she lives in a farmhouse in the north Cotswolds.
Bibliography
The Enclosure ? Hutchinson, 1961
Do Me a Favour ? Hutchinson, 1963
Gentleman and Ladies ? Hamish Hamilton, 1968
A Change for the Better ? Hamish Hamilton, 1969
I'm the King of the Castle ? Hamish Hamilton, 1970
Strange Meeting ? Hamish Hamilton, 1971
The Albatross ? Hamish Hamilton, 1971
The Bird of Night ? Hamish Hamilton, 1972
The Custodian ? (limited edition of 600 copies) ? Covent Garden Press, 1972
A Bit of Singing and Dancing ? Hamish Hamilton, 1973
In the Springtime of the Year ? Hamish Hamilton, 1974
The Cold Country and Other Plays for Radio ? BBC Publications, 1975
The Distracted Preacher and Other Stories by Thomas Hardy ? (editor) ? Penguin, 1979
New Stories ? (editor with Isabel Quigly) ? Hutchinson (for the Arts Council of Great Britain and PEN), 1980
The Magic Apple Tree: A Country Year ? Hamish Hamilton, 1982
Ghost Stories ? (editor) ? Hamish Hamilton, 1983 People: Essays and Poems ? (editor) ? Chatto & Windus, 1983
The Woman in Black ? Hamish Hamilton, 1983
One Night at a Time ? Hamish Hamilton, 1984
The Ramshackle Company ? Longman, 1985
Mother's Magic ? Hamish Hamilton, 1986
The Lighting of the Lamps ? Hamish Hamilton, 1986
Lanterns Across the Snow ? Michael Joseph, 1987
Shakespeare Country ? Michael Joseph, 1987
Can It Be True?: A Christmas Story ? Hamish Hamilton, 1988
The Spirit of the Cotswolds ? Michael Joseph, 1988
Family ? Michael Joseph, 1989
Suzy's Shoes ? Hamish Hamilton, 1989
Ghost Stories ? (editor) ? Longman, 1990
I Won't Go There Again ? Julia MacRae, 1990
Septimus Honeydew ? Julia MacRae, 1990
Stories from Codling Village ? Julia MacRae, 1990
The Parchment Man: An Anthology of Modern Women's Short Stories ? (editor) ? Michael Joseph, 1990
The Walker Book of Ghost Stories ? (editor) ? Walker, 1990
Air and Angels ? Sinclair-Stevenson, 1991
The Glass Angels ? Walker, 1991
The Penguin Book of Modern Women's Short Stories ? (editor) ? Penguin, 1991
A Very Special Birthday ? Walker, 1992
The Mist in the Mirror: A Ghost Story ? Sinclair-Stevenson, 1992
Beware, Beware ? Walker, 1993
King of Kings ? Walker, 1993
Mrs de Winter ? Sinclair-Stevenson, 1993 Pirate Poll ? Puffin, 1994
The Christmas Collection ? Walker, 1994
Contemporary Women's Short Stories ? (editor) ? Michael Joseph, 1995
Reflections from a Garden ? (with Rory Stuart) ? Pavilion, 1995
Listening to the Orchestra ? Long Barn Books, 1997
The Second Penguin Book of Modern Women's Short Stories ? (editor) ? Michael Joseph, 1997
The Service of Clouds ? Chatto & Windus, 1998
The Boy Who Taught the Beekeeper to Read ? Chatto & Windus, 2003
The Various Haunts of Men ? Chatto & Windus, 2004
The Pure in Heart ? Chatto & Windus, 2005
目录
附图 ? Hutchinson先生,1961年
帮忙 ? Hutchinson先生,1963年
绅士淑女, ? 汉密尔顿高,1968年
变 ? 汉密尔顿高,1969年
我是国王的城堡 ? 汉密尔顿高,1970年
奇怪的会议 ? 汉密尔顿高、1971
信天翁 ? 汉密尔顿高、1971
黑夜鸟 ? 汉密尔顿高,1972年
保管人 ? (限量600份) ? CoventGardenPress,1972
有点歌舞 ? 汉密尔顿高,1973年 在今年的春季 ? 汉密尔顿高,1974年
冷等方面为国家电台 ? BBC出版,1975年
分散的ThomasHardy的故事及其他传道 ? (编辑) ? 企鹅,1979
新故事 ? (编辑与伊莎贝尔Quigly) ? Hutchinson先生(大不列颠及艺术笔会),1980
苹果的魔法树:一个国家一年 ? 汉密尔顿高、1982
鬼故事 ? (编辑) ? 高Hamilton,1983
人:诗和散文 ? (编辑) ? Chatto & Windus,1983
在女子黑色 ? 高Hamilton,1983
一晚的时候 ? 汉密尔顿高,1984年
该公司店面 ? Longman,1985
母亲的魔术 ? 汉密尔顿高,1986年
照明灯具的 ? 汉密尔顿高,1986年
越过雪灯笼 ? MichaelJoseph,1987
莎士比亚国 ? MichaelJoseph,1987
它可以是这样吗? :圣诞故事 ? 汉密尔顿高,1988年
精神Cotswolds ? MichaelJoseph,1988
家庭 ? MichaelJoseph,1989
Suzy的鞋子 ? 汉密尔顿高,1989年
鬼故事 ? (编辑) ? Longman,1990
我不会再有 ? JuliaMac,1990
SeptimusHoneydew ? JuliaMac,1990
Codling故事村 ? JuliaMac,1990
羊皮纸的人:一个集现代妇女短篇小说 ? (编辑) ? MichaelJoseph,1990
沃克书中的鬼故事 ? (编辑) ? 沃克,1990
航空与天使 ? 辛克莱-Stevenson,1991
<玻璃天使 ? 沃克,1991
书中的企鹅现代妇女短篇小说 ? (编辑) ? 企鹅,1991
一个很特别的生日 ? 沃克,1992
雾的镜子:鬼故事 ? 辛克莱-Stevenson,1992
小心,小心 ? 沃克,1993
王中之王 ? 沃克,1993
杜de冬天 ? 辛克莱-Stevenson,1993
海盗投票 ? 渔夫、1994
圣诞节收集 ? 沃克,1994
现代妇女短篇小说 ? (编辑) ? MichaelJoseph,1995
从反思花园 ? (督与斯图尔特) ? 阁1995
聆听乐队 ? 书长马厩、1997
第二本书企鹅现代妇女短篇小说 ? (编辑) ? MichaelJoseph,1997
云服务 ? Chatto & Windus,1998
他教导孩子的阅读beekeeper ? Chatto & Windus,2003
各种困扰男性 ? Chatto & Windus,2004
在纯净的心 ? Chatto & Windus,2005
The woman in blackAt first all seemed very quite, very still, and I wondered why I had awoken. Then, with a missed heartbeat, I realised that Spider was up and standing at the door. Every hair of her body was on end, her ears were pricked, her tail erect, the whole of her tense, as if ready to spring. And she was emitting a soft, low growl from deep in her throat. I sat up, paralysed, frozen, in the bed, conscious only of the dog and of the prickling of my own skin and of what suddenly seemed a different kind of silence, ominous and dreadful. And then, from somewhere within the depths of the house- but somewhere not very far from the room in which I was- I heard a noise. It was a faint noise, and, although I strained my ears, I could not make out exactly what it was. It was a sound like a regular yet intermittent bump or rumble. Nothing else happened. There were no footsteps, no creaking floorboards, the air was absolutely still, the wind did not moan through the casement. Only the muffled noise went on and the dog continued to stand, bristling at the door, now putting her nose to the gap at the bottom and snuffling along, now taking a pace backwards, head cocked and, like me, listening, listening. And every so often, she growled again.
Now answer these questions about the story1. who was Spider?
A dog
2. why did the man wake up?
Because the dog was standing at the door growling.
3. where were they?
In the bedroom. The narrator was in bed.
4. why were they frightened?
Because they could hear a noise in the house not far from the bedroom.5. what did they both do next?
They listened for the sound (wait altery in order to hear sth.)
6. what do we know about the weather?
It was still outside, there was no mind coming through the window (casement)Read this article againQuestion and answer 1. I don’t know why my dog’s tail is standing upright/ straight up.
Pricked, erect, on end.
2. ① you can move because you are so frightened.
paralysed/ frozen/ petrified
② very nervous, holding your body stiff because of your fear
tense3 they are all quite noises, please point them out.
① a quite, distant noise
a faint noise
②a noise which is not very clear
a muffled noise
③a low noise, as if made by a person in pain.
the moaning of the wind
④a sniffing noise, as if the dog is smelling something.
the snuffling of a dog Look back at the sequence of events in the story1.Which words and phrases does the writer use to make the sequence clear?
At first, and, Then, suddenly, And then
2. what other words and phrases can you use?
First , afterwards, after that, when…, next, finally, to begin with.3. use your list to describe these events in the order they happened:
A) he heard the sound for the first time
B) the dog went to the door
C) he sat up in bed
D) the man woke up
E) he couldn’t hear anything
First, the dog went to the door. Then the man woke up and he sat up in bed. At first/ to begin with, he couldn’t hear anything, but then he heard the sound for the first time.It was a sound like a regular yet intermittent bump or rumble.
Like is often used to compare one thing with another:
It was a sound like a tap dripping.
He had skin like marble, smooth and white with a faint shine.
Use your imagination to complete these sentences with a comparison:1. the house was like…
2. his eyes were like…
3. it was a sound like…
4. she had a voice like…
8 work in Paris. Use your imagination to add to the story.
1. how do you picture the scene described in the story?
A) how big is the house ?
B) how is the room furnished?
C) what is the dog like?
D) how old is the man?9 listen to how the story continue.
1) write down the words from Ex. 1, which describe the noise you hear.
2) listen again and make notes about what happened in each part.
① man got out of bed, floorboards creaked, man coughed,……and spoke to dog.3) Now listen to the whole sequence again and think about the man’s feeling.Imagine you are the person in the story. Continue the story from the end of the extract opposite.Language points1. at first: at/ in the beginning.
First of all: before anything else; initially; most important.
At first I thought he was shy, but then I discovered he was just not interested in other people.
First of all
2. I wonder:
Wonder: think about and want to know sth.
我想知道谁能回答我的问题。
I wonder who can answer me.
I wonder: I don’t know …..I was wondering,我想知道…（寻求帮助时的礼貌用语） I was wondering if you can do me a favor.我想知道你能不能帮我个忙
thing or event that cause the feeling of surprise奇迹
the seven wonders of the world
The wonders of modern medicine.
3. with + n : adverbial
Realise : come to know; become aware of sth.
4. Every hair of her body was on end, her ears were pricked, her tail erect, the whole of her tense, as if ready to spring.
她全身毛发挺直,耳朵竖起来，尾巴也翘了起来， 全身紧绷着， 似乎随时准备扑来。
①sth. be on end.
表某物竖着。②put/place/set/stand + sth + on end
We had to stand the table on end to get it through the door.为了通过这道门，我们不得不竖着抬桌子When he heard the strange cry, his hair stood on end.当他听到这奇怪的哭声时，他的头发竖了起来。
The ghost story set their hair on end.鬼故事让他们毛骨耸然。
6. conscious only of the dog and of the prickling of my own skin and of what suddenly seemed a different kind of silence, ominous and dreadful.
仅仅意识到那条狗的存在，觉得自己皮肤上有一阵刺痛感；周围突然沉寂令人感到不想和恐怖。
①Be conscious of : realise sth. 感觉到的， 意识到的Here are three objects following “conscious”. They are……
(1)of the dog; (2)of the pricking……; (3)of what suddenly seemed……
他昏迷了几天，但现在又完全清醒了。
He was in a coma for days, but now he is fully conscious again.
② ominous and dreadful
这两个adj. 作后置修饰成分.
7. can’t make out
Can’t feel/realise/ understand
不能理解他在想些什么Couldn’t make out what he was thinking.
To discern or see, especially with difficulty:
在雨中我几乎看不清交通标志
I could barely make out the traffic signs through the rain.
made out the invoices.
To write out; draw up,写下来；列出.
8. It was a sound like ……
It’s a simile.
All the world’s a stage.-- Shakespeare
This is a metaphornow putting her nose to the gap at the bottom and snuffling along, now taking a pace backwards, head cocked
① now…… now ……表示不时做这做那
② head cocked
The dog rise his head (just like a cock, when it crow, esp. the male cock)
一会儿把鼻子凑在门下面的空隙处嗅来嗅去，一会儿又后退一步， 竖着脑袋。
Every so often:
from time to time, now and then, occasionally 课件15张PPT。An unusual break Unit 7 Away from homeⅠ. Look at these words for places where you can spend the night:
guesthouse youth hotel
caravan park campsite
self-catering flat hotel
B&B( bed and breakfast accommodation)Find places where
a) They serve you breakfast .
b) You can get an evening meal.
c) You can cook you own meals.
d) You do not sleep in a building.2. Which of these places do you think are:
a) expensive:
b) medium-priced
c) cheap3. Can you think of any more unusual places to spend a night?Ⅱ. Before you read, look at the title of the article and the picture. What is the article about? List the words you think will be in the article, then compare your list with your partner’s. Ⅲ. Now read the article to check your answers. Are you the kind of person who likes staying in unusual places? If the answer is “yes”, then try the world coldest hotel in Jukkasjarvi in the north of Sweden. But go in winter or all you’ll find is a pool of water, because the hotel melts every spring!
The man who runs the ARTic Hall Hotel is Nils Yngve Bergqvist. He is also the man whose idea it was. He built his first igloo for an art exhibition in 1991 and he designed the present hotel over 200 metres square himself. It took workmen about two mouths to Base. As the weather got colder, he
snow froze and then they removed the
base. The whole building and everything in it is made of snow – except for the wooden front door. There’ s a theatre which Nils uses for slide shows, a jazz club, a radio station and a large ice bar. As you can imagine, hot drinks are popular with the guests! The rooms have no doors, there’s no furniture, no heating and everyone sleeps on … yes, that’s right… ice beds. But the 800 people who have stayed at the hotel this winter seem to like it. If you want to stay in one of the ten ice rooms, it will cost you abut ￡30 a night. You won’t be very comfortable, but you will receive a survival certificate from the manager!
When the winter’s over, Nils holds his annual contest to predict the day that the igloo will fall. The person that guessed the day correctly last year received a large painting from an ARTic Hall exhibition. Bergqvist’s ice hotels are becoming world-famous and he loves his work . He’s already excited about his next project – an ice hotel that will have more complicated architectural features and, he says, will be bigger and better. Ⅳ. Answer questions1. Which part of the hotel is not made of snow?
2. What happens when winter ends?
3. What does every guest receive?
4. List all the unusual features of the hotel.Ⅴ. Think about these questions.1. Why is the hotel called the ARTic Hall Hotel?
2. Describe a typical room.
3. How might Nils Bergqvist describe his occupation?
4. Would you like to stay in the hotel ? Why/ Why not?Ⅵ. Discovering language A The man who runs the ARTic Hall Hotel is Nils…
B He is also the man whose idea it was…
C There’ s a theatre which Nils uses for slide shows…
D The person that guessed the day correctly last year …
E – an ice hotel that will have more complicated architectural features.1. Which relative pronouns refer to:
a) a thing b) a person
2. Are the statements below true or false?
a) Relative pronoun are question words.
b) A relative pronoun refers back to a noun or pronoun that comes before it.
c) Relative clauses give more spcific information about people or things.3. which relative pronoun is a less formal alternative to which or who ?
4. look at sentences F and G below. We need the relative pronoun in F, but in G. What do you think the rule is?
F The paintings that hang on the hotel walls are for sale.
G The paintings (that) Nils hangs on the hotel walls are for sale.Ⅶ. Complete sentences1. there’s a small town in Sweden_________ has an unusual hotel
2. it’s a hotel _________ is built from ice.
3. the man __________ built it is an artist.
4. it’s a building ________ many people admire.
5. the hotel attracts visitors _______ idea of comfort is rather unusual.
6. there are many facilities________ guest can use.7. there are ten ice rooms______ guests can choose from.Ⅷ. Speaking Student A: look at the words below and ask questions to help your partner guess them.Butcher receptionist painter passport wardrobe keyA: what do you call a person who sells meat?
B: A person who sells meat is called a butcher.Student B: Turn to page 128. answer your partner’s questions. Then ask him/ her to guess your words.Facilities 1. look at this list of hotel facilities:
A disco课件74张PPT。UNIT 8 PATHS TO SUCCESS GETTING STARTED
What is the most important factor for you to
get in a right path to success? It’s a main topic for
us to discuss in this unit. You are now studying in
middle school. At the beginning of senior high, you
are learning different subjects at school. Which
subject you are most interested in has a direct
effect on your future job. That’s why we classify
our senior high as classes of science and art based
on the interests of the students’. As is known to all,
interest is the key to success. If in the future we are
not interested in the job we are doing, how can we
make it a success. So try to develop an interest in
certain subjects during your school life.Read the vocabulary on p. 142.Then let’s come to a dictation.anthropology 人类学, architecture建筑学, carpentry
木工手艺, chef厨师, clarification澄清, collage拼贴画,
courier导游, flexible灵活的, interviewee被面视者,
irritating使人不愉快的,
2.文学literature, 研究生postgraduate, 资格/合格qualifi-
cation, 连续/次序sequence, 律师solicitor, 有条纹的
stripy, 主题theme, 容忍的tolerant, 受培训者trainee,
兽医veterinary surgeon.3. Sentences:
Now Diana works with three other vets and earns
about ￡16,400 a year.
b) Paul completed a two-year course for a diploma
in display design at a London college.
c) Liz recently began an advanced certificate
course to learn more complex skills like roofing
and making stairs.
d) After taking a degree at University, Philip put on
a suit and became a lawyer.
e) Eight years later, he is happy with his life as a
successful furniture designer because he’s finally
doing what he wants to do.
Part I Job options1. Look at this list of jobs:
dentist plumber hotel receptionist carpenter
postman window dresser cleaner teacher
librarian chef firefighter pharmacist
engineer journalist lorry driver nurse
waiter police officer
Divide the list into jobs that, in your country:
usually require university qualifications.
b) require qualifications but not at university level.
c) don’t usually require qualifications. dentist, engineer, teacher, journalist, librarian,
pharmacist
carpenter, chef, nurse, plumber, firefighter, hotel
receptionist, window dresser, lorry driver, police officer cleaner, postman, waiterWhich of these jobs do you think
you would be good or bad at? Why?READING2. Name the jobs in the pictures.
Describe what each person is doing.A is putting clothes on
dummies in a shop
window.B is making something out
of wood.C is giving an injection to
a horse.3. Now read about three young
people and match them to the
jobs in the pictures. What
information surprises or interests you? CAREER SPECIAL
Diana Stapleton, 28, has been a veterinary
surgeon for three years. She has always loved
animals. Now she works with three other vets
and earns about 16,400 pounds a year. Only six
universities in Britain offer the five-year degree
course to become a vet, and you need good ‘A’
level results in relevant subjects to get in. After
graduating, vets can work with pets in cities or,
like Diana, they can choose to have more contact
with farm animals. (C)2. Paul Chamber, 22, is a senior window
dresser at Selfridges, a department
store in London. For 10,500 pounds a
year, his job is to make shop windows
look so attractive that shoppers want
to buy the goods. The thirty shop
windows are changed once a month. A
theme for the month is chosen and Paul
is given some ideas. Paul completed a
two-year course for a diploma in display
design at a London college. (A)3. Two years ago Liz Cunningham joined
a major building company as a youth
trainee. Since then she has obtained a
basic skills certificate in carpentry and
at the age of twenty she now earns
10,600 pounds a year. She is the only
woman working in the building team.
She recently began an advanced certifi-
cate course to learn more complex skills
like roofing and making stairs. Her
company pays for her to attend college
once a week. (B)
4. Which of the people in the texts:
have a qualification?
b) is still studying?
c) went to university?
d) can only work in a town? 5. Fill words in the texts for particular
qualifications.
a school qualification for university entrance
b) a university qualification
c) two qualifications from colleges Diana, Paul and LizLizDianaPaul ‘A’ levelsdegree diploma, certificate6. Which subjects do you think the
three people liked best at school?
Chemistry biology physics religion
drama mathematics modern languages
English literature geography history
music art economics craft, design
and technology
Diana:
Paul:
Liz:
Which subjects do /did you prefer? Give reasons
for your answers.
chemistry, biologyart, craft, design and technologymathematics, craft, design and technologyCOMPARING CULTURESIn Britain, children start primary
school at the age of five, and secondary
school at eleven. Then, when they are
sixteen, students take GCSE exams (General
Certificate of Secondary Education) in up to
ten subjects. Those who continue usually
study three subjects at advanced level for
two years before going on to higher education.
About 14% then follow degree courses at
college or university, which typically last for
three years.What ages do children in your
country attend primary/secondary
schools?
2. How many subjects do secondary students
usually study in your country?3. How long does it take to do a first degree
course in your country/FOCUS ON FUNCTIONSListen to three different people talking.Match them with the jobs in
Exercise 2.2. Listen again and complete these sentences
about their ambitions:
My ………………. is to become a …………….…
I………..always………………………..with animals.
In the future………………………...for myself.
1. window dresser 2. vet 3. carpenter ambitionmanager have wanted to work I’d like to work Interview your partner about his /her ambitions.
Use this language to help you:
Have you got any ambitions?/ What would you
like to do in the future?/ Is there anything you’ve
always wanted to do?
My ambition is to…/ I’d like to …/ I’ve always
wanted to…
Now tell the class about your interviewDISCOVERING LANGUAGE10. Find examples in the texts opposite
of statements with the present perfect.
Examples from the texts:Diana Stapleton, 28, has been a veterinary
surgeon for three years. (use c)
She has always loved animals. (use c)
Since then she has obtained a basic skills
certificate. (use b)Write an example of a negative statement and
a question.
Examples: She hasn’t been to America.
What have you done in your life?
2. Which of these statements are true?
The present perfect simple is used
to refer to actions that:
happened at a particular specified time
in the past.
Happened at an unspecified time in the past.
Started in the past and continue now.
Started and ended in the past.false—past simpletruetrue false—past simple3. When do we use for and since with the
present perfect? What is the difference in
the way these two words are used?
“for” and “since” are used to describe actions that began
in the past and continue up to the present time. for +a
period of time, e.g. a year, three seconds; since +exact
time, e.g. yesterday, 1976. Complete this imaginary interview
with Liz Cunningham, using present
perfect simple and past simple forms
of the verbs in brackets.INTERVIEWER: How long 1……………..…..(you/be) a
carpenter?
LIZ: 2……..about a year.
INT: 3…………………………………..(the company/
employ ) women before?
LIZ: No, it 4…………At least, not as carpenters.
I’m the first!
INT: 5…………………. (you/take) a carpentry course?
LIZ: Yes, I 6………… (finish) my basic skills course
six months ago.
INT: 7……………………(you/ enjoy) the course?
LIZ: I 8………. (love ) the course, but I 9………………..
(not use) all my new skills yet.have you beenForHas the company employedhas notHave you takenfinishedDid you enjoylovedhaven’t usedThat’s allTAPESCRIPT
One.
You’ve got to make them look as beautiful as
possible because that’s your job. You’re there
to make the customer think: I want to look like
that –exactly the same as models on the cat-
walks in Milan or Paris. My ambition is to become
a manager so that I can decide on the themes for
displays instead of just dressing the mannequins.
It is possible to get a job doing this kind of work
without qualifications, but lately it’s become
difficult. I’m glad I’ve got a proper qualification.
Two.
I prefer dealing with domestic pets because I like
these smaller animals. I think the problems are more interesting; er, I like talking to all the
different people who bring them in. I don’t have
any other ambitions, really. I’ve always wanted
to work with animals and now I do!
Three.
You have to provide all you own tools. Saws are
quite expensive, and you have to replace them
every couple of months, because they wear out.
The most irritating thing about the job is when I
get stuff in my hair that I have to cut out, and of
course my hands and clothes are always dirty.
In the future I’d like to work for myself… to be
self-employed and run my own carpentry business.
1. Only six universities in Britain offer the five-year
degree course to become a vet,2. you need good ‘A’ level results in relevant
subjects to get in.3. they can choose to have more contact with
farm animals.在英国只有六所大学设有学制为5年的兽医学位专业.
offer 在这儿作”提供”,”开设”解.你需要获得相关课程优等成绩.
get in 此处作”到达, 收获”解. e.g:
It’s time for farmers to get in rice.1. choose to: 选择，决定. e.g.:
She chose to study chemistry.她选择了学化学。
He chose not to go home.他决定不回家了。
2. have contact with接触到， 和...有联系4. Paul completed a two-year course for a
diploma in display design.5. Liz Cunningham joined a major building
company as a youth trainee.Paul 完成了两年制的陈列设计学位专业
complete vt. 完成, 使完善 adj.完全的,全部的, 完成的
e.g: His story is not complete at all.youth trainee青年受训者;
as sb.通常有两中用法. 1. 作为…. e.g:
As a singer, you must have a sweet voice.
2. 当…时候 e.g.:
She made a lot of money as a pop singer.6. Since then she has obtained a basic skills
certificate in carpentry自那以后她获得了木匠基本手艺证书.她近来开始修一门高级证书专业, 学习诸如修建屋顶和建
楼梯这类更为复杂的技能.7. She recently began an advanced certifi-
cate course to learn more complex skills
like roofing and making stairs.8. Her company pays for her to attend college
once a week.pay for sb. to do sth. 为某人付钱做某事. 如:
His teacher paid for him to go to school.
pay sb. to do sth.付钱给某人才能做某事. 如:
He had to pay the foreman to get some work to do.11. who bring them in10. then follow degree courses at college or
university,到了16岁,学生们参加十门课程以内中等教育普通证书考试.
up to一直到,等于(not more than).9. when they are sixteen, students take GCSE
exams (General Certificate of Secondary
Education) in up to ten subjects.在高等专科学院或大学攻读学位专业 follow 在这里相当于
“继续学习”, “攻读”的意思.bring in v. 生产, 挣得, 介绍引进, e.g:
This year we’ve brought in many foreign teachers
from America.13. that I have to cut out,12. because they wear out.wear out v. 消瘦, 穿破, 疲劳 e.g:
I am so wearing out because of hard work.cut out v. 切掉, 裁剪出, 停止 e.g:
Look, they were cut out of the same cloth
看, 他们真是一丘之貉， 气味相投PART II
PREPARING TO WORKGetting started:
As everybody knows, preparation is
very important before you start to do sth. As far
as a teacher is concerned, he or she must prepare
lessons well beforehand if he or she wants to do a
good job. As a student, you have to review what
you have learnt and get well prepared before you
take an examination if you want to get a good
result. So everything needs to be prepared before
action is taken.
LISTENING1. Before you listen, look at the
pictures of Katie Bunnell.What do you think
she does? What is she
making? What qualifications do you think
she already has? she’s an art
student. a sculpture‘A’ levels in arts subjects2. Listen to an interview with Katie,
and check your answers to Exercise 1.
Then answer these questions.Where is Katie studying.
2) How long is her course?
3) When did she start the course?
4) How long has she been at the college?
5) What does the final exam include?
6) When did she begin the ‘legs’ project? at the Royal College of Art. 2 years almost 2 years ago almost 2 years A show of the students’ work.
They also talk about their work for an hour. at the beginning of September3. Listen again. Complete this chart
with nouns from the interview,
and then add all the verbs that
she uses with these nouns.
DEFINITION NOUN IN INTERVIEW RELATED VERB
a) A long piece of
academic writing …… ……
b) A piece of work
done over time
that needs careful
planning …… ……
c) A work of art
made by shaping
wood, clay, metal,
stone, etc. sculpture make
d) A picture made
by sticking
various materials
on to a surface …… ……A thesis write A project A collage make work on, start4. Which adjectives are used to describe:
an exam?
b) Katie’s ‘legs’?
c) the colours of the legs?
D) the background to the sculpture?DISCOVERING LANGUAGEfinal large and curvaceous brightstripy, colouredLook at this sentence from the interview.
I’ve been studying for nearly two years.1. How is the present perfect progressive formed?2. Change the sentence so that it begins with:
she, you, we, they.AUXILIARY HAVE +BEEN+-ING VERB FORM3. Write a question that the sentence can answer:
How long… She has
You have been studying for nearly two years.
We have
They have How long have you been studying?Correct this sentence about Katie,
using a negative:
She’s been studying at Manchester University. She hasn’t been studying at Manchester University.
(She’s been studying at the Royal College of Art.) Write questions and answers with the present
perfect progressive.
Learn/English? Three years
How long have you been learning English?
For three years.study/ economics? About a year
2. do/ computer course? January
3. work/ library? Two o’clock
4. wait/ interview? Half an hour
How long have you been studying
economics? For about a year.How long have you been doing
the computer course? Since January. How long have you been working in the library?
Since two o’clock. How long have you been waiting for your
interview? For half an hour. DISCOVERING LANGUAGEThink about the differences
between simple perfect and progressive forms.
1. Look at this pair of sentences. Which verb form
tells us that the painting is definitely finished?
A. He’s painted the living room.
B. He’s been painting the living room.the present perfect simple ( Sentence A)2. Is there a difference in meaning between these
two sentences?
A. I’ve worked all day.
B. I’ve been working all day. There is no difference in meaning.Use the simple or progressive forms
to express these ideas.You moved into this house in 1980,
and still live there.
2. You started studying English in 1990.
3. You started your essay at 10.00 a.m.
It’s now 3.00 p.m. and you’re still writing it.
4. You started playing tennis at 11.00 this morning.
It’s now 12.00 p.m. You’ve just finished your
third game. I’ve been living/I’ve lived in this house since 1980. I’ve been studying /I’ve studied English since 1990. I’ve been writing this essay since 10.00/for five hours.I’ve played three games of tennis this morning.
/ I’ve been playing tennis since 11.00 a.m. Read about Philip Hughes.
Are the statements below true or
false? Correct the false statements
by changing the verb form.I USED TO BE A SOLICITOR…
After taking a degree at Sussex University, Philip put on a
suit and became a lawyer. He remained a lawyer for less
than a week and then took the suit off again. Eight years
later, Hughes is happy with his life as a successful furniture
designer because he’s finally doing what he wants to do.
When he left the legal profession, he got a job working on
the Brooklyn Bridge in New York before returning to London
and doing a course in furniture making. Then he won a place
at the Royal College of Art to do a postgraduate course in
design and spent time with artists and designers. Now he
works in a studio that he shares with other artists and craft
makers and makes furniture to his own designs.1. Philip is a student.
2. He has been working as a
lawyer for a week.
3. He worked on Brooklyn Bridge.
4. He has studied furniture design.
5. He has been mixing with other artists for
some time.
6. He wears a suit.
7. He made furniture in a studio for a few years.
8. He has been living in London sice he left New
York. False. He has been a student./
He was a student.False. He worked as a lawyer for
less than a week.truetruetrueFalse. He wore a suit for less than a week. False. He has been making furniture in a studio for a
few years.trueDISCOVERING LANGUAGENote expressions in the article that
refer to time sequence. After…
Now complete this text with appropriate linking
words and phrases.
My cousin studied anthropology. 1………..she left
university, she went to Fiji to do research for
three years 2……………. returning to Canada. Two
years 3…………., in 1990, she went to India for a
year, and 4…………..to Sri Lanka for another year.
5………………she went back to Canada, she got a
job teaching in a university and she’s been there
ever since.
AfterbeforelaterthenAfter/whenWRITINGWrite about your own or a friend’s
career. Use the outline to help you.
PARA. 1: background: I’m a …at …
I’ve been doing… for…
PARA. 2: education and qualifications: I went to
…school and got my secondary school
certificate in history, geography,…
Then I went to …university and left
with a degree in…
PARA. 3: work experience: My first job was …
Two years later…
TAPESCRIPT
KATIE BUNNELL
I’m studying for an MA in ceramics at the Royal College of
Art. I’ve been studying for nearly two years now-this is my
final year. The first year we do quite a lot of project work,
and then throughout the summer holidays after the first
year we have to write a thesis. And then in the second year
we have a final exam, where we have to put up a show and
talk about our work for an hour. And then we have a big
show where the public come to see what we’ve made. I’m
working on a project at the moment which is basically
making a large piece of sculpture. I’ve been working on it
now since the beginning of September. And I started the
project by making large collages from drawings of myself.
And the sculpture is made up of a pair of arms and a pair
of legs; and they’re very large and curvaceous; and they’re
going to be in very, very bright colours; and they will be set
against a stripy coloured background. In the end I will
present it for my MA. It’ll be part of my show.He remained a lawyer for less than a week
and then took the suit off again.2. Then he won a place at the Royal College of Art
to do a postgraduate course in design= He worked as a lawyer for less than a week
and then quit(辞去了) the job.
remain vi. 继续, e.g.:
Peter became a judge but John remained a
an ordinary worker.
彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是普通工人。The Royal College of Art皇家艺术学院,这是伦敦的
一所最负盛名的美术学院.
To do a postgraduate course in design=to take a
Postgraduate course in design.3. … that he shares with other artists and craft
makers and makes furniture to his own designs.1. share vt. 分享, 均分, share with和…分享; go shares
(with ...)平分；均摊; e.g.:
Wow, We’ve made a lot of money, let’s go shares!
2. makes furniture to his own designs.
根据他自己的设计制作家具.
do sth. to one’s own designs.
根据某人自己的设计做某事.
He had his hair cut to his own designs.PART III
PERSONAL INTERVIEWSHave you ever experienced any interviews, either
personal or public? Actually your oral examination
could be taken as a kind of interview personally or
publicly. So far as I am concerned, I’ve experienced
quite a few personal interviews through my working
carrier. I seldom failed, why you may ask. Because
every time when I deal with a personal interview, I
feel very much confident. I always hold the idea
that you need me and you just want to know how
well I can do your job, and I need this job so must
prove to you that I can do it better than anyone
else. Only in this way can you fully demonstrate
Yourself and make the interviewer convinced by
you performance.
READINGRead this job advertisement.
Live-in au pair for two boys, four and six, in
Hampstead area of London. Childcare and light
housework. One year contract, renewable, 100
pounds a week. Own room with television. Fare
home paid at end of contract. Applicants should
be 18-25 with good English and love of children.
Driving licence essential. Phone 071-742 7700. What is the job?
2. Where is it?
3. How old should applicants be?
4. Must applicants be British?
5. What is the pay?
6. Are there any othere benefits?
a live-in au pair Hampstead, London No, but they must speak good English 100 pounds per week between 18 and 25 Their own room with a television.
Their fare home will be paid at the end of
the contract. They may have use of a car.LISTNINGA young man has applied for the
job in Exercise 1. Before you listen,
work with your partner and list the topics that the
interviewer will want to ask about.
Education…
Listen to the job interview.
The interviewer covers seven ‘topics’.
Write this topic for each part.
1. Personal details
2. Reasons for being in Britain3. family4. school/education5. work experience6. interests7. experience with childrenListen again and make notes on these questions.
1. Where is Emil from?
2. How old is he? He’s from Helsinki, Finland. He’s twenty years old.3. When did he come to Britain?
4. What has he been doing in Britain?
5. How many brothers and sisters has he got?
6. How old are they?
7. What does he do in Finland? He came one month ago.He’s been visiting friends in Scotland and
Wales, and looking for a job. He’s got two brothers and one sister. His brothers are ten and eight and his sister
is eighteen. He’s a student at Helsinki University8. What is he studying?
9. How long has he been doing that?
10. What jobs has he done?
11. Has he worked with children before?
He’s studying English, French
and Business Studies. He’s been studying there for two years. He’s worked in a paper factory, he’s been a
cleaner, he’s worked in a shop and at EuroDisney.Yes he has. He worked with children at Euro-
Disney and he’s been a helper at a youth centre
in Finland. He’s also looked after his brothers. TAPESCRIPT
MRS SANDERS: Hello, I’m Margaret Sanders. You must be Emil.
EMIL: Yes, Emil Aalto.
MRS S: How do you spell that?
EMIL: Emil’s E-M-I-L. And my surname’s Aalto… A-A-L-T-O.
MRS S: And where are you from, Emil?
EMIL: From Finland –Helsinki.
MRS S: Oh really? How old are you?
EMIL: Twenty.
MRS S: Sorry?
EMIL: I’m twenty years old.
MRS S: So how long have you been in Britain?
EMIL: Oh…about a month.
MRS S: And did you come specifically to find a job?
EMIL: No, not really. I arrived a month ago and I wanted to
travel, you know…and improve my English…but then I
thought it would be a good idea to try to find work.
MRS S: And what have you been doing in the last month?
Travelling around?EMIL: Er…yes…a little. I’ve been visiting friends in Scotland
and Wales. And I’ve been looking for a job.
MRS S: Yes, of course. Right. Can I ask about your family?
Have you got any brothers and sisters?
EMIL: Yes. I’ve got two brothers and one sister.
MRS S: I see. And how old are they?
EMIL: Oh, well, my brothers are quite young. One is ten and
the other’s eight. My sister’s closer to my age… she’s …
er…eighteen now.
MRS S: So you’re the oldest…
EMIL: Yes, of course. I don’t live at home any more, but I
often see them at weekends.
MRS S: Right. What about school? You went to school in
Helsinki?
EMIL: Yes, that’s right.
MRS S: And what were your favourite subjects?
EMIL: Oh, well…I liked languages, geography…and music.
They were my favourites I think. And then I decided to
study languages at university.
MRS S: Oh, Which university?EMIL: In Helsinki. I started there two years ago. I’m doing
English, French and Business Studies.
MRS S: I’m afraid I don’t understand. You haven’t finished
your course yet?
EMIL: No. I decided to take a year off to improve my English
before the final exams.
MRS S: Oh, I see. Good idea. OK. What about work? Have you
got any work experience?
EMIL: Yes. I had a job in a paper factory for a few months
after I left school. Then while I was a student I worked
in the summer holidays….first as a cleaner, then in a
shop…then I got a job at EuroDisney.
MRS S: Near Paris?
EMIL: Yes, that’s right. It was good because I was able to
use my English and my French.
MRS S: What was the job exactly?
EMIL: I had to dress as a bear…and entertain children.
MRS S: A bear? That must have been fun.
EMIL: Oh yes. I really enjoyed it. But it was quite hot in the
costume sometimes.MRS S: I can imagine. OK…Do you drive? Have you got a
driving licence?
EMIL: Yes, I have. A Finnish licence and an International one.
MRS S: That’s fine, then. So, what kind of interests do you
have?
EMIL: Interests? Well, I like travelling…I play a lot of sports
…and I play the piano.
MRS S: What sort of sports do you like?
EMIL: Football, tennis and swimming. I ski as well.
MRS S: Right. And what sort of music do you play on the
piano?
EMIL: Oh. A lot of different types. Classical, jazz, blues…
MRS S: Really? Are you a good pianist, then?
EMIL: Well…not as good as I’d like to be!
MRS S: Right. The most important questions now. What
experience have you had with children?
EMIL: Well, I’ve looked after my brothers, as babies and as
young children. I’ve also worked with children in a
youth club.
MRS S: A youth club?EMIL: Yes. I’ve been working as a helper at a youth club in
Helsinki since I started at the university…as a sort of
volunteer…with teenagers…you know, helping them
to organize things they’re interested in.
MRS S: That’s wonderful.
EMIL: And then, of course, I’ve worked with younger children
as well-at EuroDisney. I haven’t looked after children in
a family before, but I’m sure I’ll enjoy it.
MRS S: Good. Now, have you got any questions you’d like
to ask?
EMIL: Er…yes. What are the times?
MRS S: The times?
EMIL: Er.. sorry. I mean, what are the hours…the working
hours?
MRS S: Well…they’ll have to be a bit flexible, but usually
while we’re at work, Monday to Friday about eight in
the morning till six in the evening.
EMIL: I see. And the pay is 100 pounds…MRS S: Yes, 100 pounds a week …and …er… accommodation
and food are included, of course. You’ll be able to use
a car during the day and sometimes in the evenings.
Then, as it says in the advertisement, we’ll pay your
fare back to Helsinki at the end of the contract.
EMIL: Right…could I ask a few other things?
MRS S: Of course.
EMIL: The contract is for a year…what about holidays
in that time? Will I be able to…SPEECH PATTERNS
The interviewer uses these
words when she moves to a new topic.
1. Does her voice go down or up at the end of
each word?
So… Right… OK… Now…tapescript:
MRS SANDERS: So, how long have you been in
Britain? (down)
MRS S: Right. Can I ask about your family? (down)
MRS S: OK. Do you drive? (down)
MRS S: Now, have you got any questions
you’d like to ask? (down)
We generally use a falling tone when using a
word to change topic.
Listen and read. Which of the four
responses (a-d) sound:
interested and friendly?
uninterested and cold?
A: I’ve got a brother who lives in New York.
B: a) Really? B) Oh. C) Have you? D) New York?Now listen and repeat these encouraging
responses.
e) That’s interesting f) That’s terrible!
g) Do you? h) How fantastic!
How nice! J) How awful!
K) I see. l) Oh, dear!Work in pairs.
Student A: Read the sentences below.
Student B: Respond with an appropriate
encouraging phrase.
Then change roles.1. I won 1 million pounds when I was young.
2. But then I lost it all.
3. I lost everything… my house, my car.
4. Then I went to live in the States.
5. I made another fortune from computers.
6. Then I lost it all again.
7. So now I’m living here in the park.FOCUS ON FUNCTIONSListen to the sentences below and
match them to one of these functions:
1. asking for repetition ( )
2. asking for clarification( )
3. correcting yourself ( )
a) Sorry?
b) Pardon?
c) Could you explain that?
d) Sorry, I mean…
e) I’m afraid I don’t understand.
f) Could you say that again?
g) Could you give me an example?Listen again and repeat the phrases.LISTENINGa, b, fc, e, gdTAPESCRIPT
A I’m twenty years old.
B Oh, well, my brothers are quite young. One is
ten and the other’s eight. My sister’s closer to
my age…she’s …er….eighteen now.
C Oh, well…I liked languages, geography… and
music. They were my favourites I think. And
then I decided to study languages at university.
D Yes. I had a job in a paper factory for a few
months after I left school. Then while I was a
student I worked in the summer holidays…
first as a cleaner, then in a shop…then I got a
job at EuroDisney. I’ve looked after my brothers,
as babies and as young children. I’ve also
worked with children in a youth club.
E I like travelling…I play a lot of sports…and I play
the piano.Look at the list of topics below.
1. Which tenses did Emil use to
talk about:
his personal details?
His family background?
His education?
His work experience?
His hobbies?
2. Listen again to extracts from the conversation
and check your answers. present simplePast simple past simple and present perfect simple present simplepresent simpleSPEAKINGWork in groups of three.
Students A and B: You are going to
have an interview for this job. Study
the advertisement and make notes on questions
you would like to ask about the job.
Student C: You are the interviewer. Study the
advertisement and then look at your notes below.
Plan your questions (seeing the next page).COURIER WANTED (July/August)
To accompany American children (11-14) and their
teachers on a coach tour around Europe. The ideal
candidate will be well traveled, patient and tolerant
with a good sense of humor. Good spoken English
essential; knowledge of other languages helpful.
Candidates should be able to talk about European
art, architecture, music and customs.
Phone 081-379 4406 for more details.To ask…
Personal details Work experience
Name? Age? Place of birth? Similar jobs? Other work?
Nationality? Hobbies/Interests
Family Relevant? Other?
Brothers and sisters? Ages? Travel experience
Education Where? When? How long?
School-favorite subjects? experience with children
University? How much? What kind?
Languages? Any questions?Work in the same groups of three.
Student A: You are the first candidate for the job
advertised above. Use information about yourself,
or your imagination, to help you answer the inter-
viewer. At the end of the interview, ask questions
about the job. Then listen to the second interview
and make notes on any language problems.Student B: Listen to the first interview and make
notes on any language problems you notice. You
are the second interviewee. Use information about
yourself, or your imagination, to help you answer
the interviewer.Student C: Your are the interviewer. Interview
Student A and then Student B. Use the notes
above to guide your questions. Invent answers
to questions that candidates ask about the job.
Discuss which of the two candidates should get
the job, and why. Then discuss language problems
that were noted during the interviews.
1. Live-in au pair for two boys, four and six,2. One year contract, renewable,3. Fare home paid at end of contract.雇佣一名在雇主寄宿的互惠工以照看四岁和六岁的两名男孩.
au pair adj. <法>平等的, 互惠的. We usually say:
au pair girl or au pair boy.=One year contract which is renewable.
期限为一年的合同,可以延续.Fare for home is to be paid at the end of contract.
合同期末付给回家路费. 4. Driving licence essentialDriving licence is essential
= the candidate should be able to drive.
申请者须有驾驶执照.5. The ideal candidate will be well traveled,
patient and tolerant with a good sense of humor.理想的受聘者应该游历广, 有耐心,能忍让,并富有幽默感.LANGUAGE REFERENCE
语言规则参考
语法1．一般现在完成时
用法一般现在完成时用以表示：
在过去未表明某时的时间里发生的事。例：
I’ve been to Greece.最近发生的事，而确切的时间并不重要。例：
The match has finished.从过去某时起一直延续至今的一段时间。例：
She has been here for ten years.形式
一般现在完成时由助动词have加上动词的过去分词构成：
肯定：I have(‘ve )seen that film.
否定：I have not (haven’t )seen that film.
疑问：Have you seen that film?规则动词的过去分词由动词不定式加-ed构成。
以下是本册教材中出现的一些常用不规则动词的过去分词形式：
be-been go-gone do-done have-had lose-lost
eat-eaten meet-met come-come become-
become2. for/since
for 和since 这两个副词常见于现在完成时的句子。
For指一段时间。例：
I’ve been here for half an hour.
Since指动作或事情发生时的某一具体时间。例：
I’ve been here since last Saturday.3. 现在完成进行时
用法
现在完成进行时用以表示从过去某时起一直延续至今或最近
的一段时间。例：
She’s been training for two years.强调某个动作或情况的延续性。例：
I’ve been having fun.
有些动词的基本词义含有延续性，例如：live, work, wait,
stay, drive, walk, listen。当这类动词后出现for或since
时，一般现在完成时和现在完成进行时在意义上没有或几乎没
有区别。例：
He’s walked to work for as long as I can remember.
He’s been walking to work for as long as I can
remember.强调一个快速动作在延续至今的一段时间里反复发生。例：
We’ve been knocking on the front door.
形式
现在完成进行时由助动词have + been+动词的-ing形式构成：
肯定：He has(‘s) been living here for ten years.
否定：He has not (hasn’t) been living here for long.
疑问：Has he been living here for a long time?现在完成时的进行形式通常不可用于下列动词：
含状态意义的动词，例如：be, like, know, want,
understand。含快速，一次性完成意义的动词，例如：
land, take off, start, stop。课件79张PPT。Duty reportBy : Unit4 Rights and wrongsBag snatchers What does “Bag snatchers” mean according to your own language ?Look at the pictures below and put them in the correct order D-B-C-AD: Two boys are standing in a doorway. They’re watching a woman who is waiting in the street.Describe what is happening!B: the woman is looking at her watch and one of the boys is approaching her. The woman’s husband is opening the car door while her two children are looking in the shop windowC: the boy is just snatching the woman’s bag from under her arm. The woman is not sure what is happening.D: The boy is running off with the handbag and the woman’s husband is shouting at him. Her two children are looking at the thief.Discussion Do you think these boys are right in snatching the bag from that woman? (Suppose you are the woman or the boys)What ‘s your response to the sight if you are a passer by?Read the report a witness wrote about the incident.It was about one o’clock. I was sitting in a cafè on Queen street when I noticed two boys , in their late teens, in a doorway opposite. They were watching a woman a few metres away them. She was waiting in the street with her handbag under her arm and then, after a minute, she looked at her watch. While she was standing there, one of the boys snatched her bag. She turned quickly and shouted at him but he ran off (down) the street . While the thief was running away, the other boy started to walk away from the shop.I was sitting in a cafè on Queen street when I noticed two boys ,
sb. was doing when sth. happened
sb. was (about) to do when sth. happened
sb. had (just) done sth. when sth. happenedThese structures are used to describe a kind of sudden action happen 2. In their late teensIn one’s age (this phrase is used to describe someone’s age. It’s necessary to show one’s exact age, such as : in one’s teen’s means a person from 13 to 19 )
In one’s thirties
In one’s early thirties
In one’s late thirties3. with her handbag under her arm With + n. / prep. (it’s an adverbial phrase showing manners【方式】)
e.g. he is talking with us with his hand in his pocket.4.turn:when you turn or turn part of your body, you move your body or part of your body so that it is facing a different direction or opposite turn away: ( to send away, dismiss)把…打发走,解雇.
turn down: ①to reject or refuse a person, advice or a suggestion ②
turn in : ①to hand in, give over上交,交还; ②
turn out: ①to shut off 关掉; ②(turn out to be)
turn up: ①to make an appearance②
turn to sb.: ask sb to help, ask help from sb. turn against: if you ~ sth. or sb. you stop supporting them, trusting them or liking them.
by turns: one after another轮流地,依次地
in turn: in the proper order or sequence依次地,轮流地6. walk away from: v. 从…旁边走开(to survive with very little injury)
Walk way with 顺手拿，偷
Walk on air v. to feel elated 得意洋洋，感到十分满意5. shout at sb.: speak rudely to some oneshout to sb :means talks to sb. Loudly in order to make oneself heard not rude at all.Ran off down: ran off alongQuestions 1.Where was the witness at one o’clock?The witness was sitting in a cafè on Queen street.2.Where were the boys?The boy were standing in a doorway opposite the cafè3.Where was the woman?The woman was in the street, a few metres away from them.4.What did she do? She looked at her watch.5. What did the first boy do?He snatched her bag and ran off down the street.6. Then what did the other boy do?He started to walk away from the shop.Finish this story in a reasonable way
What did or should the witness do at that moment?
What do you think is the favourite ending ?Complete the dialogueOfficer: what _____you________. (do)
when your wife lost her bag?
Man: I ___________(open) the car door.
Officer: ______you ___________(watch) your wife?
Man: No, I__________. I ___________(face) the car.
were doing
was opening
were watching
wasn’t was facingNow look at the pictures again. Make sentences about the different people. Using the past progressive, start with while While the man was unlocking his car, the thief snatched the woman’s bag.While the boys were standing in the door way, the woman looked at her watch.While she was looking at her watch, one of the boys snatched her bagWhile one boy was running away, the other one started to walk away from the shop.While the man was opening the car door, the thief approached the woman.Duty reportBy : Listening Crime1=d
Crime2=c
Crime3=a
Crime4=bListen to four people describing crimes. Match them with the pictures.
Now, listen again!a) A person: burglar, pickpocket, thief, arsonist
b) A crime: shoplifting, burglary, theft, vandalism, murder
c) Something a criminal does: steal, burgle, rob, mug, murderBurglary burglevandalvandalisevandalismpick pocketarsonistarsonmuggermugrobberrobthieftheftshopliftershopliftingmurderermurdermurder1.snatch: seize sb./sth. quickly and sometimes rudely, grab, rob.If something is snatched from you, it is stolen, usually using force. If a person is snatched, they are take away by force.Phrases: ①snatch sth.
②snatch sth. from sb.
③make a snatch at sth.
④sb. be snatched by sb. else2.witness: person who see an event takes place.目击者,见证人 v. be present at (sth) and see itwitness sth. be a witness for/against sb.
be a witness to sth. witness box= witness stand
witness chair3. creep-crept-creptWhen people or animal creep somewhere, they move quietly and slowlyIf plants creep up a wall, they grow up the wall.4. Riots 【 暴动】n. tumult5.Damaging adj. harmful, having a bad effect. (- to) 有毁坏性的，损害的 常用短语搭配
do damage to sb’s reputation 毁坏某人的名誉
repair the damage 弥补损失
damage sth 损坏某物6.sentence n. In a law court, a sentence is the punishment that a person receives after they have been found guilty of a crime. 判刑 v. When a judge sentences someone, he or she states in court what their punishment will be. 宣判常用短语搭配
Death sentence ( 死刑)
life sentence （无期徒刑）
suspended sentence （缓刑）
an eight-year sentence 八年徒刑
sb. be sentenced to death/ sentence sb to death
sb. be sentenced to five years in prison
serve a life sentence 服无期徒刑
be under a sentence of death 被判死刑
receive a heavy sentence 被判重刑
reduce sb’s sentence 减某人的刑以下是本单元内容的相关词汇，供同学们在口语练习－－描述罪案经过时有选择性的使用
criminal law 刑法
criminal court 刑事法庭
suspension of a punishment 处罚的暂缓执行
pilfer 偷 pilferer 小偷
juvenile delinquency 少年犯罪
make off with sth 卷逃
school drop-outs 辍学者
come under suspicion 被怀疑
house of detention 拘留所
take into custody 被监管capital punishment 死刑
humane 人道的
be accused of sth/doing sth 被指控做了某事
be arrested 被逮捕
kidnap 绑架
pistol 手枪
case 案件
defendant 被告
prosecutor 原告
jury 陪审团Women in the front lineLook at the picture on the student book and try to find out what is happening in the picture and what do you think the expression “the front line” mean.
In the larger picture several police officers, including a woman, are dressed in “riot gear”, it means the clothes and protection used at riots.
In the smaller picture a woman police officer is arresting someone. The “front line” is the police where the fighting/action takes place.
It’s a mistake to send women into violent situations. There is a place for women in the police force- in desk jobs, not out on the streets where they’re in danger. They can’t look after themselves out there.A woman police officer must think of herself as an officer first and a woman second. She has to do everything a man does or she can’t expect to have a career in police work
A man must protect himself. In difficult circumstances he hasn’t got time to defend a female officer. It’s wrong to expect that.
We need women officers out there in front of the public. Situations are less likely to become violent. Women know how to talk to people, to calm situations. People feel more threatened by male officers and this leads to confrontationLanguage Points1 . I agree with A…
agree with one’s words (opinions)/what sb. said.表同意某人;同意某人的意见/想法/分析/解释
agree to sth.同意某事或某项建议agree to a plan/ scheme/arrangement/(同意提议,方案,打算,安排)
agree on sth. “在某件事上取得一致的意见.”
agree to do sth. 同意某人做某事.
agree + that-clauseThis kind of food doesn’t agree with me.
这种食物不适合我.
The climate here doesn’t agree with him.
他不适应这儿的气候.
agree with 还可以做 “适应,相符,相一致”解,其主语通常是物.2. violent: if someone is violent; if they do something which is violent, they use physical force or weapons to hurt or kill other people.3. desk job 桌案工作，办公室工作
Desk jobs are better for you than physical work.
4. be in danger 处于危险中
be dangerous 不安全的,危险的
He is dangerous. He is in danger.
5. think of sb. as… 认为某人是。。。
6. be likely to
We use “likely” to indicate that something is probably happen in a particular situation.
7. lead to = result in 导致Reflexive pronoun 反身代词的用法
反身代词包括：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, themselves, itself.其构成是：形容词性物主代词(或宾格)+self(单数)或selves(复数)构成，可以做表语、宾语、主语同位语，宾语同位语，并用于强调句和某些固定短语。
1. 作宾语。
That girl taught herself English. 那个女孩自学英语
It’s strange that I can’t see myself in the mirror. 奇怪了，我在镜子里看不见我自己。
We should not always think of ourselves. 我们不应该总想到自己。
She bought a skirt for herself. 她给自己买了一件裙子。
2．作主语的同位语，置于主语后或句末，对主语起强调作用，表示"自己"、"亲自"、"本人"、"本身"等意思。
I myself went there on a cold day. 在一个寒冷的日子里，我自己亲自去了那里
He himself was a doctor. 他本人就是一个大夫。 作宾语的同位语，位于宾语之后。如：
I didn't see Ted himself yesterday. 昨天我没见到泰德本人。
Mr Green made his little daugher herself do some washing. 格林先生让他的小女儿自己洗衣服。
3．作表语。如：
The poor boy was himself. 那个可怜的男孩就是他自己。
固定短语
enjoy oneself(玩得高兴)，help oneself to(请随便吃……)，by oneself(单独，独自一人)，teach oneself(自学)，said to oneself(自言自语) Use a reflexive pronoun to describe what each character below is doing.A) he is introducing himself.
B) It’s looking at itself in the mirror.
C) She is defending herself.
D) They are weighing themselves.1. she has been a police officer for more than
a) 3 years b) 13 years c) 30 years
2. She investigates:
a) murders b) drug crimes c) theft
3. after studying, new officers work:
a) in an academy b) in an office
c) on the streetsListen to part 1 of an interview and try to find the right answers.4. They have to :
a) learn about a particular area
b) learn to drive
c) learn a language
5. If a police officer is black rather than white, black people are:
a) equally trusting b) less trusting
c) more trusting
6. in a frightening situation it is important to :
a) hide your feelings b) show your feelings
c) Leave the sceneRead the first part of Cathy’s interview. Guess the meaning of the expressions in italics.I’ve been with the Austin Police Department for thirteen-and-a-half years. Currently I’m assigned to crimes against property, the theft division. Theft entails several areas; we investigate white collar crime, we investigate property crimes, we investigate anything to do with embezzlements or any kind of stolen property. We investigate all those types of crimes.
Currently: at the moment
crimes against property: theft, vandalism, arson, etc.
white collar crime: crimes committed in offices/ business, e.g. fraud
embezzlements: stealing money you are responsible for, usually from a business/ company.
investigate : to find out more information about sth.
I’ve been with the Austin Police Department for thirteen-and-a-half years. Currently I’m assigned to crimes against property, the theft division. Theft entails several areas; we investigate white collar crime, we investigate property crimes, we investigate anything to do with embezzlements or any kind of stolen property. We investigate all those types of crimes.
when you graduate from the academy everyone is assigned to patrol; so you have to do at least two years in patrol, and that’s what I did. One of the things you do is you learn how to get from one place to the other quickly; you learn what your major streets are; and so you just drive around, trying to find out who lives where and who knows what’s going on. Every district has an area where one person knows what’s going on, all over.
And I think that people tend to trust people of the same race. And I found that, even when I was taking police calls with another officer who was not a black officer, if the person that we were talking to were black, they would just -- for some reason – turn to me and not the other officer.
I get afraid a lot of the times, but one of the things that you’re taught in the cadet class is if people don’t see that you’re frightened, and if you just do you job, and I’ve talked my way out of a lot of things.
Several years ago when I was working patrol in north-west Austin, I received a call of a female who was distraught. She said that someone was in her home. I was the first officer there – I didn’t know where my backup was. And she ran to the door and she goes: “ They are in here, they are in here right now.” So, as we were walking through her home, it was dark – her lights weren’t on, and she was behind me, you know, just stuck to me like I don’t know……. It was just really funny but she was saying that the person was in the bedroom – that’s where she saw them. And as we were walking through her apartment, her apartment, the wind came through and blew a curtain, and I had my gun drawn and almost shot that curtain.let us check the answers 1 was working 2 received 3 was
4 was hiding 5 drove 6 were talking
7 shouted 8 crept 9 were walking
10 blew 11 pulled 12 shot
13 wasA short talkWho are the people in the picture?
The cowboys and the Indians.
1.where did they live?
They usually lived in the USA.
2.what do you know about them? Where does your information come from?
The Indians were the native inhabitants and lived in tribes. There were many different Indian languages. They lived in wigwams(tents) and hunted with bows and arrows. They were eventually forced to live in special areas called reservations.3.Which are usually the heroes? Why / Why not?
In American films, the cowboys are usually depicted as heroes. (some films today, however, try to give a more balanced view.)
4.Think of famous people in your country’s history. Were they heroes or criminals?
Open answer.Reading Read the text above about a man who is famous in Britain. Say why he is famous and then answer the questions.
1. When and where did Robin Hood live?
Robin Hood lived in a forest in the fourteenth century.
2. What kind of crimes did he commit?
He robbed and murdered people in authority. Those he stole from included the Sheriff of Nottingham, rich landowners and members of the church.
3. Who benefited from the crimes?
The poor. 1. commit. V.
1). If someone commits a crime or a sin, they do something illegal or bad.犯罪
I have never committed any crime.
This is a man who has committed murder.
2). If someone commits suicide, they deliberately kill themselves.自杀
It seems popular among the youngsters to commit suicide in Japan. 2. benefit. n./v.
n.
1). The benefit of something is the help that you get from it or the advantage that results from it. = advantage, profit, gain.利益、好处
Currently, we can get much benefit from the Internet.
You will gain much benefit from the 21st Century newspaper if you keep on reading it.
2). Benefit is money that is given by the government to people who are poor, ill, or unemployed. 救济金、补助金Medical benefit 医疗救济金
unemployment benefit 失业补助
sickness benefit 疾病补助
benefit concert 慈善音乐会
to your benefit /is of benefit to you对你有好处
do something for the benefit of
为某某的利益而做某事 v. If you benefit from something or if it benefits you, it helps you or improves your life.受益于、从…中受益常用于短语benefit from, sth benefit(s) sb.4. have helped to continue the legend.
help to do sth.
5. rebel n. Rebels are people who are fighting against their own country‘s army in order to change the political system there.反叛分子
The government were afraid of the armed rebels. 3. apparently adv. obviouslyclearly
v. (rebelling, rebelled) If politicians rebel against one of their own party‘s policies, they show that they oppose it. 武力反抗
Rebellion. n.
Rebellious. adj. 6. authority. n. 1)The authorities are the people who have the power to make decisions and to make sure that laws are obeyed. (usu. pl) 当局，官方
2)authority is the official right or power to command and control other people.权力 Larry is an authority on geography in your class.
He's universally recognized as an authority on Russian affairs.
3). Someone who is an authority on a particular subject knows a lot about it.权威，专家
authorize. v. (sanction) 授权,批准,认可
authorization. n.授权,认可 authoritarian. adj ; n. 独裁的, 独裁主义者
7. in order to : so as to .
so that , in order that.8. according to : 依照,根据,按照
According to the newly publicized law, we should not park cars in the main streets.
He lives according to her means9. Tried to find evidence for a real Robin Hood with little success.
evidence: proof, clue, indicationThe evidence on the rock show that a big war happened here in ancient time. The witness of the shoplift will be called to give evidence in the court.10. What is certain is that for people…was a symbol of justice; of their impatience with authoritarian government…
What is certain : subject-clause
A symbol of :
Fog is a symbol of Chongqing.
The redbud(紫荆花) is a symbol of Hong Kong.
Sometimes sunflowers are used as symbols of strength.Look back at the text and answer these questions.1.which words and phrases tell us that Robin Hood possibly did not exist?
Fiction, apparently, (according to the)legend, historical “detectives”have tried to find evidence, there was an outlaw, Robin hood was a symbol, new stories about him have appeared through the centuries , a legendary figure
2.which of the words below usually have:
a). Positive meaning:
hero, justice
b). Negative meaning:
criminal
c). Either a positive or a negative meaning, depending on the speaker?
rebel, authority, outlaw
3. What is a “people’s hero”?
someone who fights against injustice on behalf of a group of people who cannot defend themselves.How would these people describe Robin Hood? Use words from Exercise 3 and any others you know.1.One of his companions
hero, rebel, fighting for justice
2. A poor person to whom he gave money
hero, fighting against authority and injustice
3. The Sheriff of Nottingham
criminal, outlawExplain the meanings of these expressions1. Land owners
people who own land
2. The poor
people who don’t have any/enough money
3. People who own their own homes
home owners
4. People who own factories
factory owners
5. People who own cars
car owners6. Rich people
the rich
7. Famous people
the famous
8. Young people
the young
Background noteIn former times, a knight was a man of noble rank who was trained to fight, especially on horseback. Nowadays, a knight is a man who has been given the title Sir by the king of queen.
Note: the narrator of the story uses the present simple for dramatic effect.ListeningListen to a story about Robin Hood. Then work in pairs and put these events in the order they actually happened.
a).Robin gives the knight money.
b).Robin lends the knight money.
c).The knight’s son kills someone.
d).Robin and his men rob some rich travellers.
e).Robin and his men invite the knights to eat with them.
f).The knights brings money to Robin.
g).The knights gives money to the rich landowners.Key: 1.c 2.e 3.b 4.g 5.d 6.f 7. aListen again.1. Make notes on the details: write down all the important words and phrases.
2. Compare your notes with your partner’s and add any information that you have not got.
3. Listen again. Which of the linking words and phrases refer to:
a) time?
one day, when , the next day, until, in the meantime, a few weeks later
b) cause and effect?
so, as a result, becausePlease look at the tapescript and check your work I’ll tell you a story about Robin Hood. One day Robin and his men are walking through the forest on their way back to the their camp when they meet a poor knight. Robin likes having guests so he invites the knight to eat with them. When they finish eating, Robin asks the knight to pay for his meal, because he and his men don’t have much money. But the knight explains that he has nothing and in fact he owes a large sum of money to a rich landowner. The reason for this is that the knight’s son was in a shooting competition and accidentally killed someone. As a result, the knight has to pay the landowner four hundred pounds or he will lose his land. He asks Robin to lend him the money and Robin agrees. The next day the knight goes to the rich landowner and pays the four hundred pounds. Now he has to repay Robin Hood’s loan.
But Robin feels sorry for the knight and has other ideas. He and his men wait on the road until some rich travellers arrive on their way to London. Robin demands money themselves. ‘if that’s true,’ says Robin. ‘then I am sorry for you and I will give you some money for your travels’. He searches their baggage and finds eight hundred pounds. The travellers run away and Robin Hood keeps the money. In the meantime, the poor knight has worked hard to find the money to pay Robin Hood back and few weeks later, he appears in the forest and gives it to Robin Hood. But Robin says he does not need the money because he already has it, and he gives the knight the other four hundred pounds from the rich travellers. The knight is delighted and rides home to tell his wife the good news.Work in groups. List some legendary figures in your own or other cultures. Then make notes about each one in answer to these questions. (open answer) 1. Where was he/she from? 2. When was he/ she alive? 3. Why is he/she famous? 4. Did he/ she really exist? 5. What kind of person was he/she? 6. What kind of things did he/she do? 7. Did he/she act alone or with other people? 8. Has he/she become a symbol? If so, of what? Talk backWhat is your story?
Look at these pictures and listen to the cassette.
1.Which picture is the speaker referring to?
2.Work with a partner. Choose one of the picture and compose a story that is believable (like the example). Make notes and be prepared to tell your story to the class.
3.Tell your story to the class. Compare it with the story of others who have chosen the same situation.
picture｝+doing｝｝｝｝｝｝｝｝｝｝+been doing+be
doing+doing+be
doing+done+have done+have been doing+have done+have been doing+do+do｝课件42张PPT。Unit 5 For sale PART I. THE SCIENCE OF SHOPPING Where do you always go for shopping?Tell us something you know about supermarkets.Getting started.1. When we go shopping for food, we like to believe that we buy only what we want to buy. But do we? Think about a large supermarket near you, and discuss these questions with a partner.
1. Where is the entrance to the shop? Is there a reason, do you think?
The entrance is usually on the left of the building because customer look to their left and move clockwise.
2.?What does the supermarket display near the entrance? Why?
It displays fresh fruit and vegetables to give the impression that only healthy food is sold.
3.?Where are basic foods like sugar and tea? Are they near each other?
The basic foods are kept in different places in the supermarkets so that customers will have to pass other products to find them, and may buy some of these other goods.
4. Do you move more quickly or more slowly if there is a lot of space between shelves?
Customers move more slowly.
5.?Where do staff put large quantities of a product that they want to sell quickly?
At the end of aisles or at eye level.
6.?Are the shelves full at all times?
The supermarkets try to keep them full as customers do not like to buy from half—empty shelves because they think there is something wrong with the products that are left on the shelf.
Is there any other principle in the super market?Language Points.1. persuade us to buy more
persuade sb. to do sth.
persuade sb. into doing sth.
Persuade sb. not to do sth.
persuade sb. out of doing sth.
2. enter : to come or go into进入,穿入
The train entered the tunnel.
She entered the probe into the patient's artery.
enter: to insert 插入：
enter for
报名参加
enter for a race
"Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!“enter on 或
enter upon
to set out on; begin:
着手；开始：
We enter on a new era in our history.
They entered upon the most dangerous part of the journey.3. behave vi. The way you behave is the way that you do an say things.行为, 表现
Behaviour n. 行为, 举止
When my husband is around, they behave themselves. The rest of time they are completely out of control.
Behave oneself表现得好
He always behave himself at school. So in teachers’ eyes he is a well-behaved child.
4. rather than
rather adv. 5. pay attention to 注意
get one’s attention to 注意
draw one’s attention 引起某人注意
attract one’s attention 引起某人注意
Attention, please!6. Impression n. 印象
Good/ Bad impression
Impress on sb.
Impression of sth/ doing sth./that have courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事
give sb. great courage 鼓励某人
take courage 鼓起勇气lose courage丧失勇气Discourage v. 使泄气
The doctor discourage his patient from smoking.Discourage sb from doing sth.7. encourage sb to do sth
Courage 【U】勇气, 胆量8. Slow downIf sth slow down, it starts to move or happen more slowly.
The cars slow down when they passed the Customs
If someone slow down, they become less active.
You will need to slow down for a while.
9. turn into
go into / enter
10. reach for:
reach for sth. : 伸手拿．．．
reach out to sb. 向．．．伸手
reach sb. sth. 把某物交给某人Out of one’s reach= without one’s reach
In one’s reach = within one’s reachI. Read an extract from a newspaper article about supermarkets. How well does it describe your local supermarket? Are there other factors that you think are important? Match the following features of a supermarket with the labels on the picture. 1. the entrance 2. a narrow aisle 3. a wide aisle 4. shoppers 5. shelves 6. the checkout 7. trolleys 8.a special displayAnswers: 1 F 2 D 3 E 4 B 5 C 6 H 7G 8ADISCOVERING LANGUAGEA.??? Fresh fruit and vegetables are displayed near supermarket entrances.
B.???????? Basic foods…are not put near each other.
C.???????? Are supermarkets designed to persuade us…?
I.Look at these examples of passive verb forms from the article.
1.Find out other examples in the article.The lay out is designed, healthy food is sold, they are kept, customers are taken,
shoppers are encouraged, supermarkets are paid, sweets are often placed, more is bought.2.????? Complete this rule about the form of the present simple passive: It is formed with the present tense of the verb to…+a… To be + a past participle
3.???? Look at two sentences with a similar meaning. Why do you think the journalist has used a passive verb form in a)? a) Sweets are often placed at children’s eye-level. b)????? Supermarket staff often place sweets at children’s eye-level.
Because the position of the sweets is more important than who put them there.
Passive Voice I.? The diagram below explains how green beans from Kenya in Africa arrive on the shelves of a British supermarket. Continue this description of the process: The beans are grown in Kenya. On Day 1 they are picked in the morning and taken to…
…..and taken to the packing house. They are weighed and packed and then are put into cold storage. On Day2, they are driven to Nairobi airport and are flown to London. On Day3, they are inspected by customers in London and are then transported to the central supermarkets store. On Day4, they are distributed to supermarkets( where they are displayed.)
pictureHome work I.? Work with your partner. Make a list of the main foods you eat. Are they imported or are they grown/made in your country? How are they processed?PART II MAKING A SALE I. Before you listen, look at the pictures from the brochure of a car manufacturer. Back ground note
The Morgan Motor Company is a small family company which makes expensive and exclusive sports cars. The company has deliberately not changed the way it makes the cars for the last 70 years. They value the fact that many of the parts are handmade by their own craftsmen in the small factory in Malvern. There is a seven—year waiting list for each car.1.?????? What kind of car is advertised?
2.????What kind of image do you think the company wants to create? Choose adjectives from this list to help you:International British handmade practical modern cheap safe expensive mass produced luxurious traditional sensible fun attractive comfortable reliable environmentally-friendly(green)
Key: 1. A Morgan car
2. British, handmade, expensive, luxurious, traditional, attractive, comfortable, reliable
I.? Charles Morgan (below) is the Production Manager of the Morgan Motor Company. Listen to the first part of an interview with him and answer the questions. 1 What relation is Charles to the person who started the company?
2 How many people are employed in the factory?
3 The cars are ‘coach-built. What does this mean? Now, listen to the tape.
Keys: 1. Charles is his grandson
2. About 100
3. The frame of the car is made of wood (ash) and it is then covered with metal (aluminium or steal). This is how coaches used to be made many years ago.Here is the tapescript belowPresenter.
Listen to the first part of an interview with Charles Morgan, the production Manager of the Morgan Motor Company. The company was started by Harry Morgan, his grandfather, and it makes the famous Morgan sports cars. There are only about a hundred workers at the factory; it is small and very traditional.The Morgan is built using a technique which we call coach building. Coach building was very popular in the 1920s and in fact all the best cars in the world were always coach built. And what that means is that, rather like in the olden days with coaches being built out of a wood frame and metal panels, we still build the car that way, we start with the ash tree, and we make a frame, and we then cover it in either steel or aluminium.PART III LETTERS I. Getting started. Look at the picture and consider these questions.
1.What business is the woman in?
2.How does she sell her products?
3.What is special about them?Key: 1.she produces T-shirt with slogans/pictures on them.
2.by mail order.
3.They are personalised and are specially printed.
4—6 open answers.4 Are there words or pictures on any of your clothes?
5 Why do people like wearing clothes with words on?
6 What would your reaction be if you saw people wearing the T-shirts in the pictures?
READINGII. people who run small businesses regularly receive different kinds of letter. Before you read, list the kinds of letter that you think Sandra, the woman in the picture, might get, and who she might get them from.
FROM: CUSTOMER
KIND OF LETTER: order for a T-shirtPicture.III. Look at the correspondence Sandra received one morning. 1 Which papers were in the same envelope?
2 do you think she knows the person who wrote them? How do you know?
3 Who are they from? What is the purpose of each?
4 Which letters do you think Sandra was expecting? Ⅳ. Imangine you are Sandra. In which order will you deal with the correspondence? why?B (urgent)
A/E ( to satisfy a new customer)
D ( complaint)
C/F ( not urgent)Ⅴ. Consider these questions about letter-writing convention.1. where does the date appear in relation to the sender’s address?
2. Add a number(1,2,3,4) to each abbreviation to form a date.
A) th b) nd c) st d) rd42133. Now abbreciate these dates:
January the ninth
October the twenty-second
April the first
February the twenty-third23rd February9th January22nd October1st April4. Match the openings with an ending.
Dear (name) yours faithfully
Dear Sir/ Madam yours sincerely5. Find three ways of making polite requests.
Can you phone him……
Please send…… Could you please include……
