课件24张PPT。prepositions (介词)常见介词方位介词
aboveoveronbelowunderbeneathaboveoverbeneathbelowunderonBe careful, there is a heavy box______ your head.
The sun is _____ the mountain in the east.
There are some stamps_______the desk.
The position he pointed to was _______ the sea level.
The little mouse is _____ the table, so it is not easy to find it.overabove onabovebelowunder2. across over through pastacrossoverthroughpast横穿,穿越, 表示运动发生在物体的表面跨过 越过,表示运动发生在物体的上方穿过,通过表示运动发生在摸物的空间从—经过,表示运动发生在某物的旁边The Great wall winds its way from west to east, ________deserts, ______ mountains, _____ valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.
The crowd of people walked _____ the City Hall to the Centre Square.
Swim ____ the river, go ___ the street , fly ____ the mountain, _____ the door,window, a bridge ____ the riveracrossoverthroughpastacross_ across over through
overat 表示在较小的地方(门牌); 在某物旁(不确定的地方)
in 表示在较大的地方(国家,城市); 在某物范围内.(地点的排列顺序是由小到大).
on 表示在某物上(表面接触); road 前用on, street前用in/on; 楼层用on; farm前用on, field前用in.
on the sixth floor. on the farm, on the ground a city on the Changjiang river, on the left on the right
3. 表示地点时 at, in, on 的区别
at 116 Changhe Street. at the stationairportat the theatrethe partythe meeting conference----at the end of at the bottom of at the foot of ---In the world in Asia in the country in the village in the street in the skyin the lake in the woods in an armchair in hospital prison church . 4.在---上 on 侧重与表面接触 in侧重与接触的深度We found a square hole ______the west wall.
There is a map of the world ______ the wall.
hitbeatstrikepat sb _____ the face eyemouthchest
hitbeatstrikepat sb ______the headforeheadnoseearneckshoulder
(takeseizecatchshake sb _______ the armhand)
There are lots of apples ______ the tree.
Birds often play ______ the tree.
in on 表静态,into onto表动态“往—里 往—上inoninonbyonin5.表方位的介词in, on, to, off的区别★ in 表示在境内.
★ on 表示相邻或在边界上, 不在境内.
★ to 表示在境外, 不接壤.
★ off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方.Guangdong lies ____ the south of China and Fujian is _____ the east of it. Hainan is ____ the coast of the mainland.
inonoff6 介词 among 和 between 的区别
1) 一般情况下,between用于两者之间,
among用于三者或三者以上之间。
It is about 100 metres between the post office and our school.
Divide the money among the four of you2)但在有些情况下between可用于三者或三者以上之间。
A) 提到明确位置时
Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy
B) 提到事物之间区别时
Do you know the difference between lie, lay and laid?
C) 提到各分配对象时
He divided his money between his wife, his son and his daughter.(此句也可用among,但意义有差别。between强调个体各有一份,among强调整体, 表示分钱的范围)D) 强调两者以上的事物两两之间的相互关系:
the Treaty Between the Three Powers
三国协约 (不可用among)
E) 用在“between ourselves”结构中,意为“私下说的话(不可告诉别人)”。
The matter is highly classified. It is between ourselves.
这件事高度机密,不能告诉别人。二 表示时间介词
1. at, in, on的区别
1 The train leaves ___ 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _____ 5:40 at the latest.
A. at; until B. for; after C. at; by D. before;around
2 The old man died ____ cold ____ a cold night.
A. from; at B. of; in C. of; on D. for; during
3 The railway was opened ____ traffic ____ April 4, 1985.
A. to; on B. to; in C. by; on D. for; onCCAin ,on, at的区别和用法1) at 表示在某一时刻或短暂的时间。
at one o’clock(在一点钟), at dawn(在黎明), at sunrise (在日出时), at noon(在正午), at that time(在那时), at the last moment (在最后一刻), at breakfast (在早餐时)at dark
at亦可表示 “年龄”、 “节日”等。at the age of twenty(在二十岁时), at Mid-autumn(在中秋节时), at Christmas(在圣诞节时)
2) in 用来表示某年、某月、季节、上下午、傍晚等时间
in 1998 in May, in May, 1998in the morningafternoonevening,
in the night(特指某一夜间,而at night表泛指的夜间),in the day(在白天)in summer in the twentieth centuryin modern timesin one’s old age(在某人晚年) in one’s teens / twenties/ thirties, in one’s youth in the day time in one’ s life in the past in
those days in the future
in a week(在一周后 in a few days in a moment ,3) on用于某日或特定某日的早晚、上下午等。
on Sunday(在星期日), on October the first, 1999(在1999年10月1日), on Monday morning(在星期日早晨), on a cold evening(在一个寒冷的晚上), on New Year’s Eve(新年前夕)on Christmas DayAt 9 on the morning of April,1976
At 9 in the morning in April , 1976during the Christmas Days2.in, within, after的区别和用法1) in 表从现在时间角度看将来,意为“在…之后“,“过若干时间就…”。
The project will be finished in a week.
2) within 表示期限,,意为“在某时间之内”。(将来或过去)
He must be back within a week.
他必须一周之内回来。
3) after 表示 “什么时间之后”,后可接表某一时刻或某种活动的词。
The meal was ready after thirty minutes.
三十分钟后饭熟了。
We left after the party.
晚会后我们离开了。My father will be back from abroad in three days.
He left home and went to the front after two days two days later
I’ll go and see her after three o’clock.
after+一段时间, 常与过去时连用
after +时间上的一点, 常与将来时连用
In the past, no villagers dared do that.
In the pastlast few years, great changes have taken place in the village.
4.during, for的区别和用法
during 表示“在(某一段时间)内”,“在…期间”,用于已知一段时间或已限定的时期或阶段。for 用来指延续一段时间。
例如 I went to shanghai during the vacation and stayed there for 20 days.
我假期里去了上海并在那儿呆了二十多天。5. by, till / until的区别和用法
1) by表示到某时某事已发生或已出现情况,经常与完成时连用;till 表示
行动或状态一直迟续到某一时间(肯定句中延续动词)。
We discussed about the matter till/until midnight.
我们一直谈那件事,直到午夜时分。(midnight 指动作的终点).
You must hand in your term paper by next Monday.
你必须在下星期日之前交学期论文。 (不晚于星期一,可以是星期一,也可以是这之前某个时间发生)2) till / until 经常用在否定句中,译作 “到…才”, 强调时间晚了。.
例如 He didn’t arrive until ten o’clock.
他直到十点钟才来。三、besides, but, except, except for, other than的区别和用法
Beside 在---旁边
1)Besides 除—在外还有(常与also, else, any other, more 连用)(包括再内)
例如 He had to learn English besides Japanese.
副词, 此外 而且2) but与except同义, 但but多用在every, any, no(及它们的复合词), all, none, who, what, where等后。
Who but George would do such a thing?
除乔治之外,还有谁会干这种事?3) except表示“除了”,不包括其后的宾语。
Everyone came on time except Henry.4) except for“除了…,只是…”,前后比较对象不属于同一类或同一个层次。The road was empty except for a few cars.肯定整体, 否定小部分 They are good boys except for their shortcomingExcept that 加句子
Except when加句子除了当-----时候
5) other than与except用法相似,但other than还有其他的含义:
A) not, any thing but (不是,除了)
例如 She can hardly be other than grateful.
她会感激不尽。
B) otherwise than; in any other way than (与…不同;与…不同方式)
例如 You can’t get there other than by swimming.
除游泳之外,别无其他方法抵达那里。
6) apart from 可表示besides, except, except for或without的意义:例 1 It’s time-consuming apart from the cost(=besides).
除了价格高以外,还很费时。
例 2 You did a good job, apart from a few slight faults(=except for) .
除了一些小缺点外,你做得还不错。
例 3 He cares nothing in the world apart from himself(=except).
在世上,他除了自己什么都不在乎。
例 4 There is no short-cut to it apart from hard work(=without).
除了努力工作,别无捷径可走。四、 表示价格,比率,标准,速度的介词
★ at 表示价值,价格, 比率或速度, 表单价.
★ for 表示交换, 指总价钱
★ by 表示度量单位或标准. 后接表计量单位的名词一般是单数,前面需加定冠词the. 数词或复数名词前不加.
We are flying _______ a speed of 400kms/hr.
I bought these books ______ 5 dollars each.
I bought these books _______ 30 dollars.
He is paid _______ the week.
Eggs are sold ______ the dozen.atatforbybyby the yearday month---
by the dozentonyardjin----
by weight heightlengthwidth
五、 工具、手段、 方式介词By sea by water by land by air by railBy bike by bus by taxi by plane by ship by boat by train by spaceshipIn the a plane, on a the train, on the a my bike,, on foot, on a horse By in on overthrough 等多用与无形的工具或手段
by hand in ink on the telephone over the radio through the telescope使用语言, 原料, 材料用 in in English in blue inkIn this that the same way
By thisthat means
By means of
With this that methodWith + a the my +有形的工具或身体某些器官
With a pen with our eyesby post/ mail by telegram, by phoneat引起情绪的原因(因听到或看到-----)
be glad pleased happydelightedsad surprised ---at, be angry at be excited at-----具体事物-for and with后接表示感情的抽象名词,其中with侧重与随着心理变化而发生的感情变化She often hangs down her head for shame
He went red with anger
Her face went red with coldat work, at play, at war, In good order in poor health in good condition in a hurry in public in peace in danger---处于某种状态On business on sale on watch on strike on holiday on fire on show on a visit3.pay attention tobe used to stick to lead to get down to look forward to object to see to be devoted to the key to 2.The key to the door the answer to the question a visit to With the door open with the light on with his hands in his pocket
with his eyes looking at me with all the work done with a lot of work to do5.With的复合宾语4.(much) To one’s delight surprise horror sorrow joy regret
=to the delight surprise horror sorrow joy regret of sb1.Of use =useful of importance=important of value= valuable
of help= helpful of no use= useless
on“关于”,学术性强:a lecture on computer about“关于”,知识性或随便谈论:a discussion about the plan be familiar with sb./sth. 熟悉某人/某
be familiar to sb. …为某人所熟悉 be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求
be strict in sth. 严格对待某事 at least 至少
in the least 丝毫,一点 in the way挡路,障碍,妨碍
in a way在某点上,在某种程度上
by the way顺便问一下
on one?s way(to) 在…路上 in the air 空中,在流传
on the air播出 shout to 呼喊,向…喊
shout at对…吼,责骂in the end=at last=finally
by the end of到…末止
after a time=after some time
过一段时间后
behind time迟到,过期
ahead of time提前,超前
sometime某时
some time某段时间,某一时期
sometimes有时
at a time=each time每次
at one time=once曾经 at the end of在…结束时,在…末端, for a moment=for a while/minute一会儿
for the moment暂时
in a moment立刻
at the moment当时
the moment/minute/second/instance…=as soon as 一…就 be tired of… 讨厌 …
be tired withfrom… 因…而疲倦be pleased with+名词/what从句 对…满意
be pleased at+抽象名词 听/看到…而高兴 be known to sb.为某人所知
be known as 作为…而出名,被叫作…
be known for因…而出名be busy with sth.忙于某事
be busy(in) doing sth.忙着做某事I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some _______.
At last B. in case C. once again D. in time
2. ______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
3. The suit fitted him very well ______ the color was a little brighter.
A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides
4. i kow nothing about the young lady______ she is from Beijing.
A.except B. except for C. except that D. besides
5. Would you slow down a bit, please? I can’t ______ you.
A. keep up with B. put up with C. make up to D. hold on to
6. Rose was wild with joy _____ the result of the examination.
A. to B. at C. by D. as
7. The home improvements have taken what little there is ___ my spare time.
A. from B. in C. of D. at
8. The sunlight came in _____ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.
A. through B. across C. on D. over
9. You are so lucky?
-- what do you mean _____ that ?
A. for B. in C. of D. by
10.The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO2010 is strongly impressed ____ my memory.
A. to B. over C. by D. on11.--What do you want to do______ these old boxes?
--- To put things in when I move to the new flat
A. by B. for C. of D. with
12. They had a pleasant chat ______ a cup of coffee.
A. for B. with C. during D. over
13. I am sorry it’s _____ my power to make a final decision on the project.
A. over B. above C. off D. beyond
14. In order to change attitudes _____ employing women, the government is bringing in new laws.
A. about B. of C. towards D. on
15. The accident is reported to have occurred ____ the first Sunday in February.
A. at B. on C. in D. to16. We hadn’t planned to meet. We met ____ chance.
Of B. in C. for D. by
17.John became a footballl coach inSealin Middle School______ the beginning of March.
A. on B. for C. with D. at
18. People have always been curious ____ how living things on the earth exactly began.
A in B. at C. of D. about
19. When do we need to pay the balance?
____September 30
A. In B. By C. During D. within
20. He is up_____1.80cm, and taller than his twin brother____3 inches.
A. by to B. to by C. by by D. to to