Unit 2 Language
Part One Welcome to the unit & Reading
I. Words:
throughout 贯穿,遍及 confusing令人迷惑的, 令人不解的
modern近代的,现代的 vocabulary词汇
European欧洲的:欧洲人 include包括
create 创建;创造;创作 nowadays现今; 现在
pronunciation发音;语音 official官方的;正式的
contribute贡献 undergo経历;经受
development 发展;开发 rule统治 style风格
replace代替;替代;取代 servant仆人 dialect方言
raise 饲养 adopt采纳 process过程;进程
mutton羊肉 bacon咸猪肉; 熏猪肉
invade侵略 invasion 侵略
conquer征服 conquest征服
II: Phrases:
be made up of 由…组成;由…构成 consist of由…组成;由…构成
pick up 拿起;拾起;买;恢复;接人 lift up拿起; 举起
contribute to是…的成因之一 take control of取得对…控制
mother tongue 母语 upper class people上层社会人士
stand for 代表 in its broad sense从它的广义上讲
mix…with把…混合 result in导致
result from因而产生 undergo huge changes经历巨大的变化
have an impact on 对…有巨大的影响 depend on/upon依靠;视…而定
the latter half of the 14th century 14世纪的后半期
a language for blind people盲人的语言
III: Language points:
1. transmit vt. 传输;传播
The world Cup Final is being transmitted live to over 50 countries.
transmit sb. from….to
to transmit language from generation to generation
The tension soon transmitted itself to all the members of the crowd.
2. stand for(不用于被动语态) stand by 袖手旁观
stand by sb.支持或援助某人 stand out突出;远远超过
用以上的词语填空:
How can you ______ and let him treat his dog like that?
What do the letters ______?
3. mix…with be mixed with
Oil won’t mix with water.
Don’t try to mix business with pleasure.不要把正事和娱乐混在一起.
Revision: mix up mix…up with
4. consist of = be made up of 由……构成、由……组成 （注意：前者无进行时和被动语态）
1). This group consists of ten members.
2). The book consists of / is made up of several stories.
3). A car is _______ many different parts.
made up of B. made from C. made into D. consisted of
4). As we know, a chess set ______ 32 chessmen.
A. consist in B. consists of C. is consisted in D. is consisted of
consist in存于某事物之中
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.
5. type of kind of
Which type of tea do you prefer?
all types of jobs jobs of all types
6. despite prep.不管;尽管
1) . They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad weather.
2). Despite wanting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letters.
3).Despite what others say, I think he’s a very nice chap.(person)
4). _______ all the shortcomings you mentioned, he is a man to be depended on.
A. In spite B. Although C. Though D. Despite
7. undergo经历;经受(不愉快或痛苦的某事物)
undergo great hardship; suffering; privation; etc
遭受极度的艰难,困苦,贫困,等
8. keep doing keep on doing
keep doing 强调状态的继续,常于表示延续或静止的动词如hope, think, wonder, dream, sit, stand, sleep 等连用.
keep on doing 表示动作的反复.强调动作之间有间隔,常于表示短暂的动词连用.
1) From time to time a wave burst over the boat and swept over him, but he kept ______ for ten minutes.
A. to work B. to working C. on working D. on work
2) He kept ______ in the street.
A. to stand B. on standing C. standing D. to stand
9. result in产生某种作用或结果 result from(因而)发生,产生
Our efforts _______ success.
His injury ________a fall from the ladder.
10. wide widely
wide与 run, open或 awake连用时,是副词,属固定搭配.比喻意义上和其它场合常常使用 widely
He was ________awake.
Steve traveled ______ in his youth.
类似的用法有: deep; deeply high; highly
11. replace
vt. 替换、代替、取代；把……放回（原处）
replace…with/by (以……取代) be replaced with/by (被……取代)
1). He was hurt and another player replaced him.
2). When you have finished the book, please_______it on the shelf.
replace B. take place C. take place of D. in place of
3). The gate was broken so we replaced it with a new one .
12. raise 种植、栽培（农作物）、饲养（家畜）、抚育（子女）
1). The farmers here raise wheat.
2). He raised many sheep on the farm.
3). He has only one child to raise.
raise vt. 抬起、举起 rise vi. 升起
1). The bus fares have been raised again.
2). Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.
13. be different from
be different in
1). Susan is different from Alice.
2). The two boys are different in their tastes.
14. contribute to 有助于、是……的原因之一
1). The success of the programme has contributed greatly to the current interest in pop music.
2). An increase in the price of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical care.
15. take control of 控制住、支配
lose control of 失去控制
in control of 负责、管理
in the control of 被……控制/管理
out of control 控制不了
under control 受控制
1). She finally took control of herself.
2). He almost lost control of the sliding car.
3). He was in control of the car./ The car was in the control of him.
4). The car went out of control and crashed over the cliff.
5). The fire was finally brought under control.
16. have an impact on 对……有冲击/影响
1). The book had a great /strong impact on readers.
2). Revision: have effect on
17. 以下用语可用来修饰比较级：even, a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, a great deal, any, still, three times 等。
1). His job was______ than we all had expected.
A. by far the best B. very better C. more better D. far better
2). 比较：
Your father is more understanding than mine by far.
He is by far the biggest wrestler.
Nanjing has many more people than Zhenjiang.
This picture is much more beautiful than that one.
18. This is because many pairs of words and phrases have similar meanings in English.(L19)
He is ill. That is why he is absent from school today.
19. the same…that…
the same … as…
1). This is the same basketball that I lost yesterday.(两者为同一个球)
2). This is the same basketball as I lost yesterday.（不是同一个球，只是极其相似的球）
IV. Sentence explanation:
1..??That is why English is a language with so many confusing rules.
由疑问词why引导的名词从句在句中作表语.句中的介词短语with so many confusing rules作定语修饰名词language.
翻译:
1)????? 那就是他为什么受到惩罚的原因.
2)????? 那就是他为什么没来上班的原因..
?
2.?????? The language they created is what we now call Old English.
they created是定语从句,省略了关系代词which/that. what 引导表语从句,并在从句中作call的间接宾语.
1)---Who are marching on the street?
---A group ______itself “Peace”.
A. called B. calling C. named D. are called
??Little Monkey was the name __________at school 10 years ago.
A.????? what Tom’s classmates called him
B.????? what Tom’s classmates called
C.????? that Tom’s classmates called him
D.???? that Tom’s classmates called
3.????? Middle English is the name given to the English used from around the 12th to the 16th century.
given to the English和 used form… to 是过去分词短语,分别作name和English的宾语.相当与一个定语从句.(which was given to the English, which was used from…to)
?V. Reinforcement
1.?????? ______ Mr. Smith came to see you, but you were not in the office.
A. Certain B. A certain C. The certain D. The
2.?????? This building ______ 12 stories.
A. makes up of B. is made of
C. consists of D. is consisted of
3.?????? ______ leaves the classroom last must turn off the lights.
A. The person B. Anyone
C. Who D. Anyone who
4.?????? ______ theory must be combined with practice is a principle you should remember.
A. That B. What C. Why D. Whether
5.?????? Many more people drown in the ocean every year _______ are bitten by sharks.
A. that B. who C. than D. which
6.?????? In the car explosion 150 people were killed, 10 Americans soldiers ______.
A. includes B. included
C. including D. were included
7.?????? ---you haven’t answered my question ______we are going to build the nuclear power plant.
---I’m coming to that soon. But would you please let me first answer the question ______ Mr. Smith has just raised?
A. that; that B. whether ; /
C. where ; when D. that ; why
8.?????? One of the reasons ______ languages keep changing almost every day is _______ languages keep borrowing words from other languages.
A. why; that B. for which; because
C. that; that D. how ; because
9.?????? It _______ the students who helped the woman out of the river.
A. were B. are C. was D. has been
10.?? The old farmer cam speak some English. Where did he _______ ?
A. learned it B. study
C. pick it up D. pick up it
11. He _______ wondering why she hasn’t come yet.
A. keep B. keeps on C. go on D. keeps
12. I have neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I ________ wait until the rain stops.
A. should B. ought to C. have to D. must
13. _______ a heavy rain , he came to school in time .
A. Despite B. As a result of C. Although D. In spite
14. ---- Look ! Someone is coming towards us.
---- Who can ______ be?
A. he B. this C. one D. it
15. Is ______ necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
?
Unit 2 The Language
Part Two Word power & Task
I. Words:
formal 正式的 informal 非正式的
situation 情形;形势;情况 announcement 通知
arrange 安排 discard 抛;扔
purchase 购买 reply 回答
properly 合适的;适当的 spoil 损坏
security 安全 litter 乱扔垃圾
permanent永久的;长久的 consideration 考虑
Bengal 孟加拉国 Bengali 孟加拉语
Portugal 葡萄牙 Portuguese 葡萄牙语
Malay 马来西亚语 Switzerland 瑞士
Arabic 阿拉伯语 Hindi 印度语
Russian 俄语 Italy 意大利
Italian 意大利 Tamil 泰米尔语
Mexico墨西哥 Ireland 爱尔兰
Germany德国
II. Phrases:
a large amount of 大量 spoken English 英语口语
in everyday life 在日常生活中 sort out 将某物拣出;整理;解决
in addition 处…之外;加之 have a word with 与某人说句话
have words with sb 与某人争吵 keep one’s word 守信
break one’s word 失信 take…into consideration 考虑
fall and cut one’s hand on a broken bottle 跌到在破瓶上把手划破了
take actions to do 采取行动去做
sort out security to stop people littering 采取安全措施阻止人们乱仍垃圾
permanent members of the UN Security Council 联合国常任理事国成员国
III. Language points:
1. depend depend on
depend on sb. to do sth.=depend on somebody’s doing
Put the following into Chinese:
1). We are depending on ourselves to develop our country.
2). Don’t depend on my (me ) going to India.
3). ----Shall we have a party this weekend?
----That depends.
4). You can depend on his honesty.
2. at this point 在此其间
at that point 在那时
on the point of doing 正要…的时候
Fill in the blanks with the phrases above:
1). It was ______ that I realized who he was.
2). She was _______ leaving when I arrived.
3. sort out 将某物拣出; 整理; 解决
Put the following into English:
1). He was sorting out his foreign stamps.
2) We must sort out the good apples from the bad.
3). The room needs sorting out.
4). I’ll leave you to sort this problem out.
4. 请区别以下词组:
a large amount of
a large number of
a great deal of
a great many
a great many of
a large quantity of
plenty of
IV: Sentence Explanation:
1. They leave rubbish on the playground instead of using the bins.他们将垃圾丢弃在游乐场地而不是丢入垃圾箱中.
掌握的短语是instead of 它的意思是”代替”.在instead of 之后需使用动名词,名词和代词.
I’d like to stay at home__________(而不愿意外出) on weekends.
The girl chose the red shirt ________(而不是蓝的那件).
2. For example, you should purchase additional litter bins and sort out security to prevent people from littering.例如,你应当再购买一些垃圾箱并且采取防范措施防止人们乱仍垃圾.
掌握的短语是prevent sb.( from ) doing阻止某人做。
相关的短语还有stop sb. ( from ) doing / keep sb. from doing （在keep sb. from doing 中from 不可以省略）
Put the following into English:
1). 什么也不能阻止我去哪儿。
2). 我们应该采取措施阻止环境污染。
3. I believe there are a large number of actions you could take to solve the problem.我相信你能采取许多措施来解决这个问题。
该句后带有一个宾语从句that there are…actions you could take to solve the problem 而宾语从句中又含有一个定语从句you could take 修饰actions
掌握的短语是take actions to do
Immediate action must be taken to stop the fire spreading.必须立即采取行动阻止火势蔓延。
V. Reinforcement:
1.?????? _______ his advice, I went to Green Park by underground and found a taxi there.
A. Asking B. Followed
C. Took D. Taking
2.?????? ______ pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still ______ by scientists.
A. Why; to be answered B. That ; to be answered
C. Why; answered D. How; being answered
3.?????? The sound of the guns ______ a panic.
A. causing B. raised C. rose D. felt
4.??????The computer sold ______ the price of 10,000 yuan is ________.
A. with; reasonable B. at; expensive C. in ; high D. at; low
5.?????? Once ______, this dictionary will be very popular.
A. printed B. printing
C. was printed D. it is printing
6.?????? He slept over the table with the food _______ and the waitress _______ beside him.
A. uncovered ; standing B. uncovering; standing
C. uncovering; stood D. uncovered; is standing
7.?????? He was joking. Don’t take what he said ______seriously.
A. such B. that C. real D. great
8.?????? Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike ______ it rains.
A. except when B. besides
C. except for D, except
9. Whether we will hold the sports meeting ________ the weather.
A. depend on B. depends on C. is depending on D. is depended on
10. It is reported that the number of shark attacks has become three times ______as water sports are becoming more popular.
A. more B. less
C. lower D. larger
11.?? ______ you have to do is ______ a plane ticket for tomorrow.
A. What; booking B. All that; to book
C. All what; to book D. That ; to book
12.?? It is not clear ______ this unknown disease is ______ or not.
A. whether; dead B. if; dying
C. how; death D. whether; deadly
13.?? I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _______.
A. one B. it C. those D. them
14. She is indeed too fat but _______ that she is an excellent dancer.
A. in spite of B. as well as C. in addition D. owing to
15.?? Before you go camping somewhere, you’d better get your cellphone ______.
A. fully charged B. fully charging
C. full charged D. full charging
Part Three Grammar
I. Words;
promise n. v. 许诺，诺言 difficulty n. 困难
disagree vi.(disagreement n.) 不同意 set v. 提出（任务、工作、问题等）来处理、解决 spread v. 传播，蔓延 across prep.横过，在……的另一边
standard n. adj. 标准，规范 phrase n. 词组，短语
department n. 部门，局，系 ban vt.明令禁止
pure adj.纯的，纯洁的 access vt. n.到达，进入，使用
easily adj.容易地，不费力的 racial adj.种族的
II. Phrases:
break/ carry out/ fulfil/ keep/ make a promise 违背/履行/实现/遵守/作出承诺
spread one’s wings 开始新生活 look up 仰视，查阅
look out 小心 look into调查，观察
look at 看，检查 look back回顾
look down on sb./ sth. 鄙视某人/物 look after照看，照顾
care about 在乎，介意，关心 leave out 忽略，漏掉
keep sth.+ adj. 使……怎么样 act as sb./ sth. 充任某角色
take up 占去（时间/ 空间）
III. Language points:
1. promise
n. make a promise keep one’s promise break one’s promise
vt.promise + n.
promise (sb.) to do sth.
Promise (sb) that…
1). She promised her early return.
2). Promise me never to trouble me again.
3). They promised (us)that they would respect our privacy.
2. agree on/about （关于……）意见一致
agree with 同意……；与……一致；适合……
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
agree to + n. 同意（方案/计划）
1). We agree on / about that.
2). I agree with you.
3). His story agrees with the facts.
4). The hot weather didn’t agree with him.
5). We all agree to start at once.
6). I agree to his proposal /plan.
3．What if…? 如果……怎么办？
What if some settings could endanger children ?
What if it rains tomorrow ?
IV. Gap-filling:
1 The clouds p rain.
2 We found the village with great d .
3 Some people d on the project.
4 She has s herself a difficult task.
5 She is the sort of woman who enjoys s bad news.
6 The post office is just o the street.
7 People were very poor then, by today’s s .
8 Let’s revise the words and p for the test.
9 The children’s clothing d is on the third floor.
10 The government has b the use of chemical weapons.
11 This bracelet is made of p gold.
12 The only a to that island is by boat.
13 He can solve this problem e .
14 There are several r groups in that country.
V. Grammar
由疑问词连接的名词性从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，分别在主句中充当主、宾、表、同位语。连接名词性从句的连词，除了从属连词that, if, whether外，还可用连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what 以及连接副词 when, where, how, why 等，从句的语序不倒装。
1 主语从句。
What interested me most was the monkeys in the zoo.
Who will chair the meeting has not been decided.
Whom/ Who you will ask to go to the party is not important.
Whose advice you will take will decide your future.
Which team won the game is not known yet.
When Mr. Brown and Miss White will get married has been announced this morning.
Where a person comes from will affect their style of speech.
How many people were killed in the accident is not clear.
Why she came to China again is still a mystery to us.
2 宾语从句。
The policeman has found out who stole my wallet.
She didn’t know whom/ who you were talking about.
His father didn’t know whose house was burned down.
The student can’t say which of the two answers is right.
She was surprised at what he said.
He clearly remembers when he joined the League.
She asked me where she could get this kind of bag.
Whether we will hire you depends on how well you do in your examination.
I can’t tell you why she is crying.
3 表语从句。
This is why and how she came to China.
This is not what I want.
The question is who will win the championship.
The problem is when and where we can get this kind of machine.
4 同位语从句。
⑴ 在先行名词＋that 从句中，如去掉先行名词，句意完整，属同位语从句；句意不完整，属定语从句。
The fact that/ which surprised us is known to all. (Attributive clause)
That surprised us is known to all. （不完整）
The fact that we were surprised at it is known to all. (Appositive clause)
= That we were surprised at it is known to all. （完整，已成为主语从句）
(2) 在先行名词＋when/ where等＋从句中，先行名词与when, where 连词概念一致属定语从句；概念不一致属同位语从句。
I have no idea when she will be back. (Attributive clause/ Appositive clause)
I don’t know the time when she will be back. (Attributive clause/ Appositive clause)
I don’t know when she will be back. (Object clause/ Appositive clause/ Attributive clause)
I have no idea where she left it. (Attributive clause/ Appositive clause)
I don’t know the place where she left it. (Attributive clause/ Appositive clause)
I don’t know where she left it. (Object clause/ Appositive clause/ Attributive clause)
(3) which 不引导同位语从句。
形式主语it
在英语中，有时为了强调，我们把最重要的部分放在句子的尾部，称之为尾重效果。为达到这一目的，我们用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句子的尾部。
1. 用it 作形式主语，代替名词性从句、不定式短语和动名词短语。
It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old English today.
It hasn’t been decided yet when this meeting will be held.
It has not been found out where the fire started.
It was dangerous for girl students to walk alone at night in this area.
It is impossible to master the English language within one year.
It is hard work using this method to measure the speed of light.
It is no use learning without practice.
It is no good talking to them.
我们常用it作形式主语，代替名词性从句和不定式短语，而对于动名词短语，我们常常把它直接放在句首作主语，而不使用it作形式主语。但It is no good/ use doing…句型除外。
2. 在下面情况下，只能用it作形式主语。
当主句的谓语动词是seem, happen, turn out等不及物动词或be said/ thought/ suggested 等词时。
It seems that it’s going to rain.
It happened that our teacher came in when we were fighting.
It is now thought that this is not true.
3. (1) it 用于强调句型，对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调。
其句型为：It + be +被强调部分+ that/ who 从句
例如，要强调They are going to hold a flower show in our city on Sunday August 15 th.
It is they who/ that are going to hold a flower show in our city on Sunday August 15 th.
It is a flower show that they are going to hold in our city on Sunday August 15 th.
It is on Sunday August 15 th that they are going to hold a flower show in our city.
It is in our city that they are going to hold a flower show on Sunday August 15 th.
注意：
强调人称代词主格时，人称代词仍用主格形式，并要求主谓一致。
特殊疑问句中有who时，只能用that作连接词。
Who was it that told you the news?
原句中的谓语动词时态是过去的时态，则强调句用It was…。其他情况用It is…。
强调句若为特殊疑问句，则把疑问词提前。
Why was it that your homework was still unfinished?
附加疑问句中主语永远是it。
It was last year that you graduated, wasn’t it?
强调时间状语和地点状语时，用连词that，不用when和where。
(2) It is not until… that… 直到······才 （强调结构）
It was not until yesterday that I received his letter.
(3) It is + 时间点名词 + when… 当······时······已是······时间了。
It was 10 o’clock in the evening when he came back.
(4) It is + 时间段名词 + before （肯定句）过多久······就／才
（否定句）不久······就／才
It will be hours before he arrives here.
It was not long before they drove the enemy from their homeland.
(5) It is + 时间段 + since +（终止动词） 自······以来已经多久了
+（延续或状态动词） 自······以来多久没······了
It is three days since we left our school.
It is ten years since I was a teacher.
It is five years since he lived in London.
(6) ▲what ( when, where, which, who, whom, whose, why, how ) + ever 无论什么（何时，何地，哪个，谁，谁的，为什么，怎样）
①引导名词从句（除however外）
②引导让步状语从句
▲No matter ( what, when, where, which, who, whom, whose, why, how, whether ) 无论什么（何时，何地，哪个，谁，谁的，为什么，怎样，是否），只引导让步状语从句。
Who broke the window was not clear yet. (Adverbial clause/ Subject clause)
Whoever (= Anyone who) breaks the law should be punished.
(Adverbial clause/ Subject clause)
Whoever (= No matter who) breaks the law, he should be punished.
(Adverbial clause/ Noun clause)
However (= No matter how) hard I study English, I can’t learn it well.
(Adverbial clause/ Noun clause)
Can you tell me how you learn English ? (Adverbial clause/ Object clause)
You must finish it in time, however (= no matter how) difficult it is.
whatever (no matter what) difficulty you meet.
(Adverbial clause/ Noun clause)
V. Grammar and usage
单选
1. The reason why he didn’t come to work was he was ill.
A why B that C because D how
2. Was it in 1969 the American astronaut succeed landing on the moon?
A when, on B that, on C when, in D that, in
3. Although the twin brothers ______ each other______ many ways, they still have a lot in common.
A. differ to ; with B. differ from; in
C. differ about; to D. differ with; about
4. The town is no longer it was five years ago, it was quite dirty.
A what, which B that, which C what, when D that, where I was born and
5. you don’t like him is none of my business.
A What B Who C That D Whether
6. Sarah hopes to become a friend of shares her interests.
A anyone B whomever C whoever D no matter who
7. I hate when people talk with their mouths full.
A it B that C these D then
8. surprised us very much that Tom should have left without a word.
A This B It C That D He
9. What the teacher really doubts is the boy will catch up with the other students.
A when B how C whether D why
10. Advice has been put forward more libraries should be built in our country.
A while B that C when D as
11. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows .
A it what to do with B what to do it with C what to do with it D to do what with it
12. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at I thought was a dangerous speed.
A as B which C what D that.
13. It is the news our team has won the match surprised us all.
A which, which B that, that C which, that D that, which
14. I don’t care they think of me. I’ll do I think right.
A that, what B what, how C what, what D that, that
15. is well known to us all is that computer is one of the greatest inventions in the 20 th century.
A As B It C Which D What
翻译句子
1他说的话是对的。 2 我不知道他在做什么。
3问题是他到底是在哪得到那些钱的。
4他已经结婚了的事实令大家大吃一惊。
Part Four Project
I. words:
represent vt. 象征，代表 action n. 行为，行动
combine v. 结合，联合 direction n. 方向，指示
character n. 字母，符号，性格 writing n. 著作，文章
simplify vt. 使简化，使简明 complex adj. 复杂的
originally adv.最初，原来 eventually adv. 终于，最后
reflect vt. 反射，反映 symbol n. 象征，代号
opposite n. adj. 对立的人或物; 相反的 indicate vt. 表明，显示
pronounce vt. 发音
II. phrases:
It’s better to do sth. 最好做…… ask sb. for sth 向……要求
ask sb. about sth. 向……询问某方面的情况 in all directions 朝四面八方
under the direction of 在……指导下 directions for use 用法说明
differ from… in… 与……在某方面不同 turn into/ change into 变成
as a whole 作为整体，就整体来看
III.Language points:
differ from
differ in
1). Our opinions differ greatly from theirs.
2). Customs differ in different countries.
combine 结合； 合并
combine…with 把……与……结合起来
1). Is it possible to combine the two parties?
2). They combined their efforts to finish the work.
3). Students should combine their study with pleasure.
in that…在于；原因是；因为
Traditional Chinese sports are similar to the Western sports in that both are meant to improve people’s health.
very adj. 表强调。“最……的，”“恰好的”“正是”
1). Jack waited for you till the very last moment.
2). You had better start working this very minute.
3). He is the very man/just the man who the police are searching for.
IV.Gap-filling
1 You can select 5 things that r Chinese culture.
2 I think it’s time for us to take a .
3 They c their holiday with a visit to their relatives.
4 We’re making changes in various d .
5 James has a strong c .
6 The application forms have now been s .
7 The structure of the human brain is very c .
8 O , I had intended to go to Paris, but then I changed my mind.
9 He fell ill and e died.
10 When the sun’s rays hit the earth, a lot of the heat is r back into space.
11 We have the o opinion on this matter this time.
12 These data i a boom in the economy.
13 He didn’t p my name correctly.
14 What is the chemical s for copper?
V. （一）单项选择
1 Sometimes we should do and we actually do are miles apart.
A what; what B that; that C what; that D that; that
2. ----Would you please give me a hand and take the bookcase upstairs?
---- ________.
A. With pleasure B. My pleasure C. That’s all right. D. Don’t hurry.
3 we were worried about was they could manage to control the big fire.
A What; that B That; how C That; whatever D What; whether
4 They cannot the words because they are very important.
A put out B leave out C give out D turn out
5 the people there preferred tea to coffee.
A At one time B At a time C At any time D From time to time
6 Those who don’t others will not be treated well.
A care on B care of C care about D care off
7 Please hire a servant and our house should be clean.
A kept B given C let D held
8 With the help of the teacher, he others.
A kept on B kept up with C kept off D kept up
9 The visitors will be shown around the school, my mother works.
A what B which C where D when
10 “How do you like the film?” “ interesting than expected.”
A A great deal much B A great deal of more
C A great deal of much D A great deal more
11 Their demand is the good use we our spare time for our study of science and technology.
A make from B make of C make out D make into
12 Women, live longer than men.
A speaking generally B spoken generally C generally speaking D generally spoken
13I was born and ______ in a small town outside Shanghai.
A. rose B. raised C. supported D. brought
14 The question he asked was the electrical equipment should be stored.
A what B which C where D because
15 be sent to work there?
A Who do you suggest B Who do you suggest that should
C Do you suggest who should D Do you suggest whom should
16 Americans eat vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A more than twice B as twice as many C twice as many as D more than twice as many
17 Go and get your coat. It’s you left it.
A there B where C there where D where there
18 He isn’t the person who is easy .
A dealing with B being dealt with C to deal with D to be dealt with
19 Do you doubt I’ve got the chance for further education?
A that B which C whether D if
20 --I think it’s going to be a big problem.
--Yes, it could be.
--I wonder we can do about it.
A if B how C what D that
21 troubles me is I can’t learn all these English idioms by heart.
A That, what B What, that C That, that D What, what
22 The way he looked at the car made others feel funny.
A that B in which C / D all of the above
23 The way he gave to solve the problem is perfect.
A in which B that C what D of
24 – Does she speak English or German?
- She speaks . But she knows some French.
A both B neither C either D none
25. In my opinion, it’s not a good idea to miss meals and ______ them ______ snacks.
A. change; into B. replace; with C. match; with D. make; into
26 , a world wide war broke out, which killed thousands of people and made many people homeless.
A In 1940s B After 1940s C In the 1940s D In the 1939
27 The language differs from Putonghua in it has many borrowed words.
A that B which C why D because
28 The room has been a living room.
A turned up B turned down C turned into D turned away
29 Hearing the shoot, the birds flew .
A in all directions B to all directions C to the directions D in the directions
30 VOA the voice of America.
A stand for B represent C stands for D representing
Answers to Unit 2
Part one
BCDAC/ BBACC/ DCADC
Part two
DABAA/ ABABD/ BDAAA
Part three
promised difficulty disagreed set spreading opposite standard pronunciations department banned pure access eventually racial
BDBCC/ CABCB/ CCBCD
Part four
represent action combined directions character simplified complex originally eventually reflected opposite indicates pronounce symbol
AADBA/ CABCD/ BCBCA/ DBCAC/ BDBBB/ CACAC
练习一答案：
一.1-5 AA C C A 6-10 C C A AＤ 11-15 B B AA C
完形填空： BAACD BCCAD DBCAD BDBAC
阅读理解 CCCD CBAB
二1.throughout 2. vocabulary 3. created 4. access 5. eventually
6. European 7. characters 8. pronunciation
练习二答案：
一、单项填空1-5 BCDAA 6-10 ABBBA 11-15 BBBDB
二、完型填空16-20 BAABC 21-25 DBAAA 26-30 CBCAD 31-35 BADAD
三、阅读理解36-40 AACBD 41-45 BBC
翻译：1、We should take the possible results into consideration before we take action.
2. We’re looking forward to seeing you again.
3. We are undergoing huge changes.
4. The two brothers differ from each other in their tastes.
5. That is why English is a language with so many confusing rules.
Classroom Exercise
I. Spelling:
Grandpa slept t________ the program so he didn’t see any of it.
With the d________ of society, people’s living conditions have been greatly improved.
We are not surprised to see Chinese c________ in the Japanese language.
You should try to c________ exercise with a balanced diet if you want to be healthy.
“High” is the o________ of “low”, just as “happy” is “sad”.
6. These data i a boom in the economy.
7. He didn’t p my name correctly.
8. The driver’s carelessness c________ to the accident that happened yesterday afternoon.
9. The state of his clothes i________ that he had been playing football.
10. The government has b the use of chemical weapons.
11. The terrible disease s_____ over the whole country quickly, which made the villagers frightened.
12, Some people d on the project.
13. She has s herself a difficult task.
14. She is the sort of woman who enjoys s bad news.
15. The post office is just o the street.
第三模块第二单元单元练习一
一．选择填空：(30分)
1．The committee ______ of fifteen members.
A. consists B. is consisted C. formed D. make up
2. It is the people who ______ history.
A. create B. invent C. discover D. find
3. Milk ______ by five pence per pound.
A. is risen B. is raised C. has risen D. has lifted
4. Tom, together with his classmates, ______ because of ______ the school rule.
A. was punished; obeying B. were punished; breaking
C. was punished; breaking D. were punished; obeying
5. ------- You look upset. Anything wrong ?
--------I failed in the physics exam again _______ all the efforts I made.
A. in spite of B. because of C. but for D. as to
6. A red light is a ______ of danger.
A. symbol B. sign C. signal D. mark
7. Cleaning women in big cities usually get_______ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
8. ------ How wide is the Yellow River?
--------That _____ from where to where .
A. depends B. changes C. refers D. lies
9. Word came _________ Mr President would come and inspect our school himself.
A. that B. whether C. how D. when
10. I thought ______ necessary ________ him to tell his father everything.
A. it; of B that; for C. that; of D. it; for
11. Walk your own way. Don’t __________ what others say.
A. care of B. care about C. notice D. take care of
12.______ I have will be yours sooner or later.
A. That B. Whatever C. No matter whatever D. No matter whatever
13. ______ the boy didn’t do well in the exam made his parents angry.
A. That B. What C. How D. Which
14. It was too noisy outside. Not until I shouted at the top of my voice______ his head.
A. did he turn B. had he turned C. he hadn’t turned D. he didn’t turn
15. The Olympic Games, _____ in 776 BC, did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
二．完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
It is difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometime oversleep? Are you often late for work or school? Yes? Then Hiroyuki Sugiyama of Japan has a(n) 16 bed for you. Hiroyuki’s bed will 17 you up in the morning! Here is how it 18 .
The bed 19 an alarm clock. First, the alarm clock rings. You have a few minutes to wake up. Next, a tape recorder in the bed plays 20 music or other pleasant sounds. The tape recorder in Hiroyuki’s bed plays a recording of his girlfriend. She whispers in a sweet 21 , “Wake up, darling, please.” A few minutes later, a second recording 22 . The sound recording can be loud music or 23 sounds. Hiroyuki hears a recording of his boss 24 , “Wake up immediately, 25 you’ll be late!”
If you don’t get up 26 the second recording, you 27 be sorry! A mechanical “foot” is in the bed. The mechanical foot kicks you in the head. Then the bed waits a few 28 minutes. What! You’re 29 in bed! Slowly the 30 of the bed rises higher and higher. The foot of the bed goes lower and lower. 31 , the bed is vertical (垂直的). You slide off the bed and onto the floor. You are out of bed and 32 .
Hiroyuki made his bed because he wanted to 33 a contest. He works for Honda Motor Company. Once every two years Honda has a contest for its 200,000 employees—“All-Honda Idea Contest”. The employees think of new 34 . If their ideas win, the employees win 35 . Hiroyuki Sugiyama won one of the top prizes for his bed.
16. A. expensive B. special C. valuable D. comfortable
17. A. get B. catch C. make D. let
18. A. works B. runs C. happens D. moves
19. A. is separated from B. is made up of
C. is connected to D. is made into
20. A. loud B. classical C. pop D. soft
21. A. sound B. voice C. noise D. way
22. A. sends B. turns C. plays D. appears
23. A. pleasant B. interesting C. unpleasant D. funny
24. A. shouts B. calls C. whispers D. persuades
25. A. and B. but C. so D. or
26. A. before B. until C. since D. after
27. A. can B. will C. may D. would
28. A. other B. another C. more D. one
29. A. still B. yet C. already D. even
30. A. end B. middle C. body D. top
31. A. However B. Finally C. Therefore D. Otherwise
32. A. angry B. work C. happy D. awake
33. A. achieve B. win C. gain D. defeat
34. A. ideas B. thoughts C. facts D. ways
35. A. praises B. contests C. prizes D. medals
三．阅读理解。（24分）
A
Because he wrote his name so that it could be read easily, John Hancock has a place in the dictionary.
John Hancock was a wealthy man who helped the patriots in the American Revolution. He was president of the Continental Congress. He was also governor of Massachusetts and one of the first men of sign the Declaration of Independence. Yet he is remembered best for his large signature.
The story is told that when Hancock sat down to sign the Declaration of Independence, he said that he would write his signature large enough for John Bull to read without his glasses. Hancock’s signature on the Declaration is four the three-quarter inches long—an inch longer than his usual signature.
Today John Hancock can be used to mean any person’s signature.
36. The passage is mainly about .
A. the American Revolution B. John Hancock’s handwriting
C. how an American expression began
D. signing the Declaration of Independence
37. Hancock is remembered best because he .
A. was governor of Massachusetts
B. helped the patriots in the Revolution
C. signed his name in large letters
D. was president of the Continental Congress
38. John Bull is .
A. another name for Uncle Sam B. England’s Uncle Sam
C. a name that stands for England D. both B and C
39. According to the dictionary, a John Hancock is a .
A. governor B. man who sign petitions
C. strong patriot D. person’s signature
B
Here are a few tips we’ve put together to help you learn English well.
Speak, speak, speak!
Practise speaking as often as you can—even speaking to yourself is good practice. Try recording yourself whenever you can. Compare your pronunciation with the master version, see how you can do better and have another try. If you do this several times, you will find that each version is better than the last.
Why not learn with someone else?
It helps if you can learn with someone else. If you can persuade a friend or family member to study with you, it will make you keep working. Agree times to meet and set goals for the week, and test each other regularly.
Don’t get stuck by a word you don’t know
Practise improvising (即兴的) ways of getting your meaning across while speaking spontaneously (本能), even if you don’t know the exact words or phrases. Think of things you might want to say whenever you have spare time. A basic example is the use of tenses. If you don’t know the past tense but want to talk about yesterday, use the verb in the present tense and use the word for “yesterday”. Use facial expressions, hand movements, anything to get your meaning across.
Language learning is also about intuition (直觉)
Guesswork is important in learning a new language. When listening to recorded material, you aren’t expected to understand everything first time round. If you play the same piece several times, you will most probably understand something new each time. Learn to make maximum use of all the clues you can pick up. For example, what do the speakers sound like? Happy? Angry? Calm? Etc.
Build up your vocabulary
A wide vocabulary is the key to successful language learning but don’t try to learn too much at once. It’s best to study frequently, for short periods of time. Take a maximum of six or seven items of vocabulary and learn them. Put them into sentences to fix them in your mind, then come back to them later. Much of the vocabulary in the course is presented by topic.
And above all, have fun!
40. Why should one have himself recorded when practicing speaking?
A. To encourage others to start.
B. To record his own progress.
C. To improve his speaking.
D. To compare himself with others.
41. Which of the following is the most important in learning English?
A. Speaking. B. Pleasure. C. Intuition. D. Vocabulary.
42. It is important in Tip 3 that is helpful when you are learning English.
A. body language B. a good memory C. a good friend D. a proper dictionary
43. Which of the following seems NOT to be true in learning a language?
A. Practice makes perfect. B. A good beginning is half done.
C. Rome is not built in a day. D. Don’t run before you can walk.
单词拼写：(16分)
The news got around t ___________the village quickly.
Your v___________ is too small; you need to learn more words.
Do you believe that man was c__________ by God?
I don’t know his password, so I can’t have a_________ to his computer.
He works very hard and e___________ he has been made manager.
As we all know, France is a __________(欧洲)country.
I think Chinese___________(字)are more difficult to learn than English.
I think you should pay attention to your ____________(发音).
第三模块第二单元单元练习二
一、单项填空: （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
1. The twins look alike, but they_____ in temperament.
A. different B. differ C. transform D. distinguish
2.People in power, including professors, should _____standards for politeness of college students.
A. change B. reach C. set D. break
3._____ we were worried about was _______ they could manage to control the pollution.
A. That; how B. That; whether C. What; that D. What; whether
4.---Are all telephone numbers_______ in the directory? --- Yes, all ________ Jane’s.
A. listed; including B. listed; included
C. including; includes D. being listed; being included
5.---I hear John refused to tell the truth and was taken away by the police.
--- Where did you _______?
A. pick that up B. put that up C. make that up D. take that up
6.The bell______ the end o f the period rang and we had to stop our discussion.
A. indicating B. indicated C. to be indicated D. being indicated
7.With the rapid growth of population, the city______ in all directions in the past five years.
A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread
8.--- Nancy is not coming tonight. --- But she______!
A. promises B. promised C. will promised D. had promised
9.You said boys were cleverer than girls. That is _______ I disagree.
A. what B. where C. which D. why
10.She ______his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.
A. Looked up B. Looked for C. Picked out D. Picked up
11.You have made a few spelling mistakes in your composition , but it is well written_______.
A. on a whole B. as a whole C. general speaking D. as the whole
12.Eating too much fat can______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. result from B. contribute to C. attend to D. lead in
13.The chairman thought _____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
A. that B. it C. this D. him
14. The audience was _____ very young children so there was a lot of noise while the concert was going on.
A. made up from B. made up for C. made up into D. made up of
15. The Blacks had a wonderful holiday in the UK______ the bad weather.
A. in spite B. despite C. though D. although
二、 完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从41—60各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was a boy, every holiday that I had seemed wonderful. My 16 took me by train or by car to a hotel by the 17 . All day, I seem to remember, I 18 on the sands with strange 19 children. We made houses and gardens, and 20 the tide (潮汐) destroy (破坏, 毁坏) them. When the tide went out, we 21 over the rocks and looked down at the fish in the rock-pools.
In those days the 22 seemed to shine always brightly 23 the water was always warm. Sometimes we left the beach and walked in the country, 24 ruined (毁灭的) houses and dark woods and climbing trees. There were 25 in one's pockets or good places where one could 26 ice-creams. Each day seemed a life-time.
Although I am now thirty-five years old, my idea of a good 27 is much the same as it was. I 28 like the sun and warm sand and the sound of _ 29 beating the rocks. I no longer wish to 30 any sand house or sand garden, and I dislike sweets. 31 , I love the sea and often feel sand running through my fingers.
Sometimes I 32 what my ideal (理想的) holiday will be like when I am 33 . All I want to do then, perhaps, will be to lie in bed, reading books about 34 who make houses and gardens with sands, who watch the incoming tide, who make 35 sick on too many ices...
16. A. teacher B. parents C. nurse D. doctor
17. A. sea B. lake C. mountain D. forest
18. A. played B. slept C. sat D. stood
19. A. moved B. excited C. worried D. nervous
20. A. made B. brought C. watched D. heard
21. A. rolled B. jumped C. turned D. climbed
22. A. light B. sun C. moon D. lamp
23. A. and B. yet C. but D. or
24. A. exploring B. examining C. repairing D. measuring
25. A. sweets B. sand C. ice-creams D. money
26. A. make B. sell C. buy D. offer
27. A. house B. holiday C. garden D. tide
28. A. hardly B. almost C. still D. perhaps
29. A. waves B. water C. hands D. birds
30. A. destroy B. fix C. use D. build
31. A. But B. However C. Or D. Yet
32. A. wonder B. feel C. understand D. believe
33. A. strong B. weak C. young D. old
34. A. children B. boys C. girls D. grown-ups
35. A. herself B. himself C. itself D. themselves
三、阅读理解 (共8小题；每小题3分，满分24分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡
上将该项涂黑。
A
Everyone would like to be a millionaire , a person with a lot of money, but can you imagine having over $30 million and only being 20 years old? Britney Spears from Kentwood, a small town in Louisiana, is only 20 years old. She is a world famous film star with not only $30 million but also a $2 million house in LA. At her young age, she can look after her family financially (经济上) all her life. This year is a big year for Britney. She is now on a 31-day tour of the US and every concert is a sell-out. That means she plays in front of a crowd of around 18,000 people every time. It’s a tiring schedule but brings her a lot. When touring, she goes to bed around 1 a.m. and then has a lie-in until 1 p.m. the next day. Her philosophy (人生观) is to take care of the body and relax but always make sure you work hard and have fun.
Spears is not pleased with only touring and selling nearly 40 million records so she decided to step into the movie business and try a bit of acting. She made an appearance in “Austin Power 3” this year and she is filming a teenage light play that will come out in March 2003. In this movie, she has a starring role.
For Britney, acting is another way to express herself and she is enthusiastic (热心的) about it all. If her movies are successful, her money in the bank is sure to grow by another few million dollars but she does it for the love, not the money, as she herself tells the reporters .
36. We can infer (推断) from the text that most millionaires are __________.
A. older than 20 B. around 20 C. in their 30s D. in their 40s
37. The underlined word “you” in the first paragraph refers to __________.
A. a person in general B. a special person
C. Britney Spears D. a person interested in money
38. Which of the following is not true according to the text?
A. Though young, Britney can support her family now.
B. While touring, Britney sleeps about 12 hours a day.
C. The teenage comedy movie was based on Britney’s own story.
D. Britney will be even richer with her movies successful.
39. According to Britney Spears, she works __________.
A. to be a great actress B. for the enjoyment
C. for money D. to be more famous
B
SPECIAL EVENTS THIS WEEKEND
Captain Goodfellow
Do your children enjoy interesting stories, funny games, and exciting dances? Captain Goodfellow will be ready to teach all these things to children of all ages at the City Theatre on Saturday morning at 10:00, free.
Walking Tour of the Town
Forget your worries on Saturday morning. Take a beautiful walk and learn about its history. Meet at the front entrance of City Hall at 9:30. Wear comfortable shoes!
Films at the Museum
Two European films will be shown Saturday afternoon at the Museum Theatre. See Broken Window at 1:30. The workers will be at 3:45. For further information, call 4987898.
International Picnic
Are you tired of eating the same food every day? Come to Central Park on Saturday and enjoy food from all over the world. Delicious and not expensive. Noon to 5:00 pm.
Do You Want to Hear “The Zoo”
“The Zoo”, a popular rock group from Australia, will give their first US concert tomorrow night at 8:00 at Rose Hall, City College.
40. You can probably eat Chinese, Italian, and Arab food __________..
A. at the front entrance of City Hall B. at the game
C. at 5:00 pm D. at Central Park on Saturday
41. You can see movies at __________.
A. the City College B. the Museum Theatre
C. the City Theatre D. the Central Park
42. Walking Tour of the Town will be taken __________.
A. in the City Hall B. outside C. at the gate D. at the zoo
43. “The Zoo” is __________.
A. a park with lots of animals there B. a US concert
C. a music group D. an interesting event
四、翻译句子。（3分×5）
1. 在采取行动之前， 我们应该把可能出现的结果考虑进去。
(take into consideration take action)
2.我们盼望再次见到你.( look forward to)
3. 我们正在经历着巨大变化(undergo)
5.他们兄弟俩在爱好上不一样。(differ from)
6.这就是为什么英语是一种有着许多复杂规则的语言。(with so many confusing rules)
