课件33张PPT。Grammar and usageUnit 4I. 分词的构成
分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词构成为V+ing, 过去分词构成为V+ed。分词也有一般式、过去式、完成式及主动和被动等各种形式。II. 现在分词和过去分词的区别
1. 在时态上，现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词表示已经完成。
Developing countries 发展中国家
The developed countries 发达国家
Boiling water 沸腾的水
Boiled water 开水 2. 在语态上，现在分词表示主动，而过去分词表示被动。
The oppressing class 压迫阶级
The oppressed class 被压迫阶级
Burning fire 燃烧的火焰
Burned skin 烧伤的皮肤III. 分词的时态与语态
1. 一般式（主动、被动）
分词的一般式的主动式所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。其被动式表示这个动作正在发生或与谓语动作同时发生，主要作定语、状语或宾补。 When I entered the room, I found him reading. 当我进入房间时，我发现他在读书。
I found the flowers watered. 我发现花已浇过了。
The building being repaired is a hospital. 正在修建的建筑物是一家医院。
He found the matter being talked everywhere. 他发现到处都在谈论这件事。
Being surrounded, the enemy were forced to put down their guns. 敌人被包围，不得不缴械投降。2. 完成式（主动、被动）
分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。完成时态的分词在句中常作状语，一般不作定语。
Not having made adequate preparation, we postponed the sports meet.
由于没做好充分的准备，我们推迟了运动会。
Having been given such a good chance, how could he give it up?
给了这样好的机会，他怎能放弃呢？3. 现在分词的被动式与过去分词的区别
过去分词表示动作已完成，不强调时间概念，而现在分词的被动式强调某一动作正在进行中。
The building repaired is library. 修建过的那个建筑物是我们的图书馆。
The building being repaired is our library. 正在修建的那个建筑物是我们的图书馆。4. 延续性动词和终止性动词的现在分词在时间含义上的区别
延续性动词的现在分词结构相当于一个过去进行时时态的句子，而终止性动词的现在分词结构相当于一个一般过去时的从句。
Walking in the street the other day (=While I was walking in the street the other day), I came across an old friend of mine. 那天我在马路上走时，突然碰到了我的一个老朋友。
Arriving at the airport (=When I arrived at the airport), I found my light had taken off.
到达机场时，我发现我的班机已经起飞了。IV. 分词的独立结构
分词（短语）作状语时，尽管在形式上它没有主语，但其逻辑上的主语必须和谓语动词的主语保持一致。
Studying in the college (=When I studied in the college), I learned a lot from my teachers.
在大学学习时，我从老师那里学到了很多东西。
但是,分词有时也有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为分词的独立结构。它可以表示时间，原因，条件，伴随的动作，有时还可用介词with, without 来引导。His mother being ill, he is absent today. 他的母亲病了，他今天没来。（原因）
Time permitting, they will start to do a new job. 如果时间允许，他们会开始做一项新工作。（条件）
He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗地冲进了房间。（伴随）
They traveled a whole day, without any food eaten. 他们饿着肚子旅行了一整天。（伴随）注意：分词用于独立结构时，如果分词是being, having been done形式时，没有实际意义的being或having been可以省略。
The old man was in a bad condition, his temperature (being) over 40℃ and his pulse (being) weak and rapid. 那位老人处于不好的状况，他的体温超过40℃，脉搏既弱又快。
The report (having been) read, a discussion began. 读完报告，开始讨论。
The experiment (having been) finished, we left the lab and went home. 实验结束后，我们离开了实验室回家了。Exercises in class: Fill in the blanks with the words in the brackets in their proper forms. 1. _______ (give) more time, he will make a first class tennis player.
2. ________ (hear) that Li Yuchun will give a performance in the city, he got very excited.
3. My grandfather always tells me that the _________ (labour) people are the wisest people in the world.GivenHearinglabouring4. ______ (be) a student in the new century, we should know what is honourable behavior and what is shameful.
5. When hearing the news that France was defeated in the World Cup, he felt ____________ (disappoint) because he likes the team very much.
6. He sent the company another e-mail, _________ (hope) to get further information about the job.
7. Unless ________ (invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.Beingdisappointedhopinginvited高考链接1. When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.（2006浙江） ? A. compared? B. being compared?
C. comparing? D. having compared 2. Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004上海春)
A. his being not able B. him not to be able
C. his not being able D. him to be not able
3. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert. (2006湖南)
A. covering B. covered
C. cover D. to cover
4. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing. (2006江苏)
A. saying B. said
C. to say D. having said5. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect（2003上海）
A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be taken6. ______ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.（2003上海春）
A. The president will attend B. The president to attend
C. The president attended D. The president’s attending
7. Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with this table.（2006湖北） ?A. do? B. to do?
C. doing? D. and doing 8. Don’t use words，expressions or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge. (2002全国) A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known9. ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川) ??? A. Faced B. Face? C. Facing? D. To face
10. There are hundreds of visitors ______ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings. (2006上海)
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. waitLanguage points1. head
v. to go in a particular direction 走向，往某地出发 1）I was heading out of the room when she called me back. 2）He headed straight for (= went towards) the fridge. 3）I think we ought to head back/home (= return to where we started) now, before it gets too dark.2. turn to: 向某人求助
Don’t hesitate to turn to me for help when you are in trouble.
You must learn to be independent because you can’t always turn to others.高考链接
With no one to ______ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless. (2006陕西)
A. turn to B. turn on
C. turn off C. turn over3. They have done so in the hope that people will take notice of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars.
1). In the hope of :怀着……希望
I haven’t phoned you till four o'clock in the hope that you'd be finished.2). take notice (of): 注意 to give attention to something: I asked him to drive more slowly, but he didn't take any notice. Don't take any notice of/Take no notice of what your mother says — she's just in a bad mood.4. It was an A+, which was beyond my modest expectations.
beyond
? prep., adv. 1). outside or after (a stated limit): (1)Few people live beyond the age of a hundred. (2)We cannot allow the work to continue beyond the end of the year. (3)His thoughtlessness is beyond belief (= is so great that it is impossible to believe) 2). If sth. is beyond you, you are unable to understand it: I'm afraid physics is completely beyond me.Thank you!!!课件33张PPT。Project Preventing traffic accidentsUnit 4what do the two pictures tell us? Let’s discuss the following questions: What should you pay attention to when you go school by bike?
What do you need to do to avoid accidents on your way to school on foot?
If you are a bus driver, what do you think you should or shouldn’t do when you drive students to their school?
What are the possible reasons for the traffic accident? What do you think should be done to avoid a traffic accident?Traffic Accidents and Road SafetyFrom the title, what information do you think the reading passage will give us?
the causes of traffic accidents and how to be safe on the road Read the article carefully and find answers to first four questions in Part B.1 What are some of the causes of traffic accidents involving vehicles?
2 How do accidents involving bicycles happen?
3 If you are cycling at night, what should you always do?
4 What should all pedestrians do?Answers
1 Traffic accidents involving vehicles are mainly caused by drivers who make incorrect actions, such as not paying attention while driving, being impatient in a traffic jam, speaking in a mobile phone while driving, drinking alcohol, speeding and so on.2 Accidents involving bicycles are usually caused because cyclists are not paying attention to the cars around them, or carrying a passenger. Sometimes accidents occur with bicycles when the brakes on their bicycles do not work properly or their bicycles do not use lights at night.3 There should be a light on the bicycle.4 Pedestrians should always cross roads on a crossing. While crossing, they should look both ways and listen for cars. Let’s check your understanding of the reading passage by more questions. 1 What is the purpose of the notice?
The notice is aimed at increasing people’s awareness of the traffic problem.
2 What is the most common cause of accidents?
Drivers’ not paying attention.
3 Why is it dangerous for drivers to speak on mobile phones?
Because speaking on the phone requires concentration and takes a driver’s attention from the road.● 4 Can cyclists ride on the pavement? Why (not)?
No, they can’t. Because riding on the pavement can be dangerous to pedestrians. They should walk next to their bicycles.
5 What can we do to prevent accidents?
Pedestrians, cyclists and drivers should all obey traffic lights and make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
Read the article again and complete the following notes:
In order to prevent accidents, drivers should
___________________________________ ;
( pay attention to the surrounding traffic)
___________________________________;
(be patient in a traffic jam)
___________________________________;
(not speak on a mobile phone)
___________________________________;
(not drink alcohol)
___________________________________;
(not drive too fast)In order to prevent accidents, cyclists should
__________________________________;
(always obey traffic laws)
__________________________________;
(pay attention to the cars that surround them)
__________________________________;
(not carry a passenger)
__________________________________;
(have a light on the bicycle at night)
__________________________________;
(keep the bicycle in good condition)In order to prevent accidents, pedestrians should
_______________________________; (always cross roads on a crossing)
_______________________________; (never ignore traffic lights)Part B
Work in groups of four or six to discuss the questions 5-8 in Part B. Write down your answers. Then one student from each group presents your answer to the class. Other groups can give your comments.Exercises in classComplete the sentences with proper words or phrases from the article on pages 62-63 of your book. Change the form where necessary.1 There were 39, 000 new cases last year - an ____________ of 7 per cent.
2 He is still standing under the tree, not ____________ the danger.
3 My father was ____________ for dangerous driving yesterday.
4 He has been ____________ from his job for dishonesty.increaseaware of fineddismissed5 It would be______________ to ignore these warnings.
6 Leaving your house unlocked is an open ____________ to burglars.
7 The western part of China is in great ____________ of teachers.
8 Whenever you come into his room, it is always ____________.irresponsible invitation needorderly
9 I found it hard to follow what the teacher was saying, and eventually I lost ____________.
10 In _________ cases, the disease can lead to blindness.concentrationextremeLanguage points1. The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year. (P62)
arise
v. [I] (arose, arisen) to happen: Should the opportunity arise, I'd love to go to China. Could you work on Saturday, should the need arise (= if it were to be necessary)? Are there any matters arising from (= caused by) the last meeting? 2. This notice is aimed at increasing people’s awareness of the problem because it has become quite extreme. (P62)aim at sth. to plan, hope or intend to achieve sth.: The talks are aiming at a compromise. [+ ing form of verb] The government's campaign is aimed at influencing public opinion.aware ?adj. 1) knowing that sth. exists, or having knowledge or experience of a particular thing: [+ that] I wasn't even aware that he was ill. Were you aware of the risks at the time? She was well (= very) aware that he was married. "Has Claude paid the phone bill?" "Not as far as I'm aware." (= I don't think so) I suddenly became aware of (= started to notice) him looking at me.awarenessn. [U] Public awareness of the problem will make politicians take it seriously. Environmental awareness has increased dramatically over the past decade. 3. We must all be aware of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them. (P 62)potential
adj. possible when the necessary conditions exist: A number of potential buyers have expressed interest in the company. Many potential customers are waiting for a fall in prices before buying. The accident is a grim reminder of the potential dangers involved in North Sea oil production4. Many drivers are aggressive and push into other lanes of traffic or overtake other cars. (P62)aggressive
adj. 1) behaving in an angry and violent way towards another person: Men tend to be more aggressive than women. If I criticize him, he gets aggressive and starts shouting. 2) determined to win or succeed and using forceful action to achieve victory or success: an aggressive election campaign aggressive marketing tacticsovertakev. (overtook, overtaken) 1) [T] to go beyond sth. by being a greater amount or degree: Our US sales have now overtaken our sales in Europe. We'd planned to hold a meeting tomorrow, but events have overtaken us (= things have changed). 2) [I or T] UK to come from behind another vehicle or a person and move in front of it: Always check your rear view mirror before you overtake (another car).5. Recently the number of people fined for speaking on their mobile phones while driving has increased by 30 percent. (P62)fine
n. [C] an amount of money that has to be paid as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law: The maximum penalty for the offence is a $1000 fine. If found guilty, he faces six months in jail and a heavy (= severe) fine.
v. [T]
Drivers who exceed the speed limit can expect to be fined heavily. [+ two objects] They fined him $100 for using threatening behavior. 6. If you drive after you have consumed alcoholic drinks, you are violating the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others. (P62) consume
v. [T] 1) to use fuel, energy or time, especially in large amounts: Our high living standards cause our present population to consume 25 percent of the world's oil. 2) FORMAL to eat or drink, especially a lot of sth.: He consumes vast quantities of chips with every meal. violate
v. [T] to break or act against sth., especially a law, agreement, principle or sth. that should be treated with respect: They were charged with violating federal law. risk v. [T] 1) to do sth. although there is a chance of a bad result: "It's dangerous to cross here." "I'll just have to risk it." [+ ing form of verb] He risked losing his house when his company went bankrupt. 2) If you risk sth. important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it: He risked life and limb to get the cat down from the tree. She was prepared to risk everything on a last throw of the dice.Thank you!!!课件40张PPT。Reading The first underground in the worldUnit 4When we talk about London, what will you think about? The oldest and the best underground system in the world:Fast reading for general idea
1. When was the first underground system opened?
2. Why was the Victoria Line important?
3. What did Charles Holden do?Check your answers:
When was the first underground system opened?
In 1863.
2 Why was the Victoria Line important?
Because it linked with other lines at almost every station, making the system more user-friendly.
3 What did Charles Holden do?
He is the architect that designed many of the new stations built between 1918 and 1938. Detailed reading for important information (1)Why was an underground system first developed in London?
Most railway tracks did not go into the London city centre, so buses were required. This increased traffic on the road.
(2)What was the London Underground like in 1863?
The carriages did not have windows and were pulled by steam engines through narrow tunnels. (3) What did Charles Yerkes do to improve the underground?
He bought many of the different lines and set up the Underground Group.
(4) What are some of the different things that the underground has functioned as?
The underground has functioned as a bomb shelter, an aeroplane factory, an anti-aircraft centre and meeting rooms for the government administration.(5) What happened to the London Underground after World War II?
After World War II, more lines were added because more people traveled on the underground.
(6) What does it mean when the brochure says that the underground system is user-friendly?
It means that many of the lines are linked at many stations. Therefore, it is very convenient for riders to go to different places in the city from any station. Listen to the tape and find the information to match the year. Check your answers: Go through the passage again and find out how many parts can the passage be divided into. Answers to part D:
1 d 2 e 3 b 4 f 5 c 6 h 7 g 8 a Answers to part E:1 Underground 2 oldest 3 complex 4 1863
5 boundary 6 1977 7carriages 8 user-friendly
9 World War II 10 bomb shelters Language pointsPay attention to the language points in the text. 1. distant
adj. far away
in the distant past/future: far away in the past or future: distance
n. [C or U] the amount of space between two places: He travels quite a distance (= a long way) to work every day.
Does she live within walking distance of her parents?高考链接 The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____ of 60 miles.（2004全国）
A. length B. distance
C. way D. space
2. choke
n. [C] v. 窒息；堵塞；阻塞
1). The child swallowed a pen and chocked to death.
2). The roads to the coast were choked with traffic.
3). At lunchtime the streets were choked with traffic.
4). Children can choke on peanuts.
引申: chock back 忍住，抑制
chock up 因激动等说不出话来自我检测During the rush hours the roads are usually _____ up with traffic.
A. chocked B. crowded
C. blocked D. checked
3. link
v. [T] to make a connection between two or more people, things or ideas: 1.The explosions are not thought to be linked in any way.
link up: to form a connection, especially in order to work or operate together: 2.The organization's aim is to link up people from all over the country who are suffering from the disease. 3. They linked up two areas by telephone.
用法拓展:be connected with 与……相接，
和……有联系 4. honor
a quality that combines respect, pride and honesty: a man of honor We fought for the honor of our country.
n. [C] a reward, prize or title that publicly expresses admiration or respect: She received an honor for her services to the community. in honor of sb./ sth. in order to celebrate or show great respect for someone or sth.: a banquet in honor of the president 高考链接My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it. (2006陕西)
A. in favor of B. in memory of
C. in honour of D. in search of
5. permit
v. -tt- [T] to allow sth.: The regulations do not permit much flexibility. [+ ing form of verb] The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month. [+ object + to infinitive] The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password. 6. order
n. [U] 顺序
in order of: 以……的顺序 out of order：杂乱无序
The children lined up in order of age/height. I can't find the file I need because they're all out of order (= they are no longer arranged in the correct way). Put the files in alphabetical order.高考链接
You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ______. (2006广东)
A. date B. shape
C. order D. balance
7. refer to
phrasal verb: 1) to talk or write about someone or sth., especially briefly 提到，谈到 In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays. 2) If writing or information refers to someone or sth., it relates to that person or thing: 涉及到，与某人或某事相关
The new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors.8. discount
n. [C] a reduction in the usual price:折扣
They usually give you a discount if you buy multiple copies. They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students.
at a discount: 打折自我检测
They sell the sweater _______ a
discount of 30 percent.
A. on B. for
C. at D. with
Consolidation exercisesThe London underground system has the (1) __________ of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world. Before 1850, train services to London had already been (2) __________, but people couldn’t build railways into the city because doing that would cause great (3) __________ to many historic buildings. distinction developed damage So many buses were needed to (4) __________ people to the city centre, which, however, often (5) __________ traffic. This problem led to the development of the underground system.
In 1854, Metropolitan Railway Company was allowed to build an underground railway and the first tunnels were opened in 1863. In 1868, the next (6) __________ of the underground system was opened by another company called the Metropolitan District Railway transportchoked off section In 1884, these two companies (7) __________ and provided the underground service in the middle of the city.
With the development of the (8) __________ ways of digging tunnels, the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884, and over the next 25 years, six (9) ___________ deep underground lines were made. But because they were (10) __________ owned and far away from each other, traveling on these lines was (11)_____________linked up advanced independent separately inconvenient Having seen the situation, Charles Yerkes, tried to improve the system. He bought many of the different lines and setting up the Underground Group. In 1933, a public (12) ___________ called the London Passenger Transport Board was created, which eventually became London Transport. From 1918 to 1938, the system (13) __________ a lot.
During World War II, the underground system had some (14) __________ uses organization expanded unusual For example, many underground stations once (15) __________ as bomb shelters. After the war, more lines were added. Now, the network of the underground system includes 12 lines and goes 26 miles out of central London. Three million people travel on the underground every day. Can you imagine what London would be if there were no such underground system?functioned Homework Prepare the part Word power
Read the passage on Page 130 of the workbook
Thank you!课件21张PPT。Task Writing an e-mail to give informationUnit 4Skills building 1: listening to instructions What sentence structures are often used to give instructions?
You should …
You will need to…
You will have to… Step 1: taking notes for future actionPart A
If you are going somewhere for holiday, what do you need to plan?
where to go
when to go there
how to go there
how much money to spend
who to go with
what to do there and so onTwo families are planning their May Day holiday trip to Dalian. Read the notes before you listen to the recording and make sure that you know what you should listen for.Answers to part A 1 how to get there
2 Phone
3 Internet
4 method
5 2,200;
6 ticket office; timetable
7 leave
8 Send an –email; remind Part B
Now let’s listen to the conversation in Part B and find out advantages and disadvantages of taking different means of transport.
Find out why they do not choose to go by aeroplane.Part C
Let’s read the information on the web page about Dalian in Part C on page 59. Compare the information about different means of transport and to complete the notes below the passage.Answers C
Won’t choose
by air because Mum hates flying
by road because the storms washed away the road and it is still under repair
by ferry because sometimes the slow ferries are not very punctual so they are not reliable. There is no guarantee that you can get the particular ferry you wantWill choose
by train because a new service has just opened between Beijing and Dalian, so we can first take a train to Beijing and then change a train to Dalian. Skills building 2: finding out different informationRead the guideline in this part first. Then read the questions and the information in the chart. If the question is not complete, you should complete the question first.Step 2: buying ticketsWork in pairs, with one person selling tickets and the other as the person who wants to buy the tickets. Work in pairs to make up a dialogue. Answers
Tickets
From Nanjing to Beijing
Train No.: 1426
From Beijing to Dalian
Train No.: T225
Total travel time: 27 hr 26 min
Total cost for two families: 2,190 yuan Skills building 3: giving reasons for your choiceswrite an e-mail to explain the reason why you have made the decision. Step 3: writing an e-mail to your uncle First discuss what you should write in the e-mail according to the information gathered in steps 1 and 2. You can write an outline to organize your reasons in the e-mail to help you write it well.One example for you:the decision: travel by train
the reasons: why to travel by train;
why not to travel by boat or by
coach or by plane
the decision: which trains to take
the reasons: why to take the chosen trains, considering travel time and travel allowanceLanguage points1. The storms washed away soil along the road and part of the road is still under repair. (P59)
wash sth. away If water or rain washes sth. away, it removes it or carries it away: The blood on the pavement had been washed away by the rain overnight.
under repair: being repaired
The house is under repair now, so we have to rent one to live in for a while.
相关链接：under discussion 在讨论中
under consideration 在考虑中
under construction 在建设中2. in addition (to): besides, as well as 除……之外还有
In addition to these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty unto midnight.
There is, in addition, one further point to make. 3. remind
v. [T] to make someone aware of sth. they have forgotten or might have forgotten: [+ to infinitive] Please remind me to post this letter. [+ (that)] I rang Jill and reminded her (that) the conference had been cancelled.
remind you of sth./sb. to be similar to, and make you think of, sth. or someone else: 使人想起…… Your hair and eyes remind me of your mother.Homework 1. Read the passage in Part A on page 133 of the workbook.
2. Finish the writing exercise in Part B.课件19张PPT。 Welcome to the unit If you want to go to the park or the museum, or you want to pay a visit to your classmates, which means of transport will you choose?
Buses or the underground.
If you want to pay a visit to your relatives who live in a nearby city, which means of transport will you choose?
Coaches. If you want to go travailing to a far-away city, which means of transport will you choose?
Trains or planes
If you want to go abroad, how will you go?
By plane Make a comparison among all the means of transport mentioned in this section and fill in the table:Discussion???Why do you think people would choose to travel by aeroplane rather than by ship?Why do you think we need all these different types of transport?Language points1. Buses have routes. They pick up and drop off people at different places on the route.
pick up: 捡起；
用车接……；
获得，学到，得到；
好转，改进；
接收节目
Some examples:
1. Whose turn is it to pick the children up after school?
2. I picked up the kids' clothes that were lying on the floor.
3. My radio can pick up France.
4. The nurse had picked up the information from a conversation she overheard.高考链接He ______ some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.（2003上海春）
A. made out
B. picked up
C. gave up
D. took in2. drop off: （一个个）散去；走掉；让某人下车；下车
We dropped our luggage off at the hotel and went sightseeing
The demand for mobile phones shows no signs of dropping off.
引申：drop in 顺便来访
drop sb. a line 写短信寄给某人
drop behind 落后
drop out 中途放弃自我检测Just drop me ______ at the station, please.
A. out B. away
C. on D. off
3. The maglev train is powered by magnets.
power: verb, 给…提供动力，用动力发动
Buses and trucks are usually powered by diesel engines.
In the future electricity will be used to power road vehicles.
Look at these pictures and discuss the different means of transport and when they became popular.
means: n. 方法，手段，工具
The quickest means of travel is by plane.
She could find no means of escape other than jumping out of the window.
引申： by means of 依靠，凭借
by no means 决不，
by this means 通过这种方法自我检测：
Every means _______ tired out, but it doesn’t work.
A. is B. has been C. are D. have been
Though_____ rich, he was better off than at any other period in his life.
A. by any means B. by some means
C. by all means D. by no means
Homework Finish the part A1 and A2 of the workbook.
Prepare the Reading.Thank you for your attention!课件20张PPT。Word powerUnit 4Do you know what we call these roads in English?
Guess and write down your answer, then read the passage in Part A to check your guess right or wrong.
Lanes or paths. Motorways or freewayflyover underpass An intersection or a junction a toll road Answers to part C
1 transport 2 transport 3 main
4 motorways 5 lanes 6 paths
7 flyovers 8 land
9 sea 10 aeroplanes
11 helicopters 12 ship
13 ferry 14 land
15 motorbikeAnswers to part DLanguage points1. depend on/upon 依靠，依赖
1). Charities depend on people supporting their activities. 2). The country depends heavily on foreign aid. 3). Elaine depends upon Bob completely for her happiness.高考链接
--- How often do you eat out?
--- ______, but usually once a week.
(2004天津)
A. Have no idea
B. It depends
C. As usual
D. Generally speaking
--- Could you do me a favour?
--- It depends on ______ it is.
(2006北京)
A. which B. whichever
C. what D. whatever
2. rely on sb./sth.
1) 依靠，依赖 [+ ing form of verb] The success of this project relies on everyone making an effort. [+ to infinitive] I'm relying on the garage to fix the car by tomorrow. 2) to trust someone or sth. or to expect them to behave in a particular way 指望，期待 British weather can never be relied on - it's always changing. [+ ing form of verb] Don't rely on finding me here when you get back (= I might have gone). 3. means：a method or way of doing sth.:方法，手段
1). They had no means of communication. 2). We need to find some other means of transportation. 3). We must use every means at our disposal. She tried to explain by means of sign language.
引申：by means of 借助某种手段，方法
by all means 无论如何
by no means 决不4. end
??v. [I or T] to finish or stop, or to make sth. finish or stop 结束，终止 When is your meeting due to end? Her resignation ends months of speculation about her future. Their marriage ended in 1991.
end…with… : 以……方式结束 I'd like to end with a song from my first album. She ended her speech with an humorous joke.Bye - bye!Bye - bye!
