完型填空专题[下学期]
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课件19张PPT。高考复习专题讲座完形填空完 形 填 空命题特征存在问题解题思路解题技巧实战练习 一、近年高考完形填空题型特点1. 以叙为主, 叙议结合;
2. 篇章短小, 意义完整;
3. 首句完整, 主题明确;
4. 结构清晰, 层次分明;
5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析;
6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅;
7. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇;
8. 常识语法, 每年出现。二.做完形填空题存在的问题：1.不善于抓文章的主旨大意, 导致理解上出现偏差,甚至和文章的中心相悖。2.容易受定势思维的影响，对文章分 析不透，忽视特定语境中知识的应用。3. 做题方法不对。完形填空题是篇章整体理解的题型。而许多同学做题时却常常只局限于单句的理解,导致失误。4. 对完形填空题怀有厌倦、畏惧心理，以至做题时处于应付状态，做题能力得不到提高。三.完形填空题解题思路：总则：点、线、面相结合（词汇、句子、文章）
即：词不离句，句不离章。
1、利用首句，预测内容（大意，体裁，题材）
2、快速阅读，验证主旨大意，把握关键信息， 利用完整句的启示，展开合理联想和推断；
3、紧扣文意，依据中心思想和作者意图解题（先易后难，忌用自己的思维）；
4、验证、核对答案，确定难题答案。（不要轻易改动）细则：四.完形填空题解题技巧1. 根据上下文设计题目2. 根据逻辑推理设计题目3.根据生活常识设计题目4.根据词或词组辨析设计题目5. 根据对比关系设计题目 ①When I was thirteen, my family moved from Boston to Tucson, Arizona. 36 the move, my father 37 us in the living-room on a freezing January night. My sisters and I sat around the fire, not 38 that the universe would suddenly change its course . (05 湖南)
36. A. During B. Until C. Upon D. Before
37. A. gathered B. warned
C. organized D. comforted
38. A. hoping B. admitting
C. realizing D. believing 解题技巧：1.根据上下文设计题目做此类题时，选项往往难以确定，做题时，不应草率做答，要根据全文，通盘考虑，瞻前顾后，抓住文章的主旨大意，有依据地进行语境推理和判断。 ② Still, she got home first, she parked too close to my side. Then one day, I thought, “What can I do?” I soon found 31 . The next day the women 32 a note on her windshield. (05 全国)
31. A. an instruction B. a result
C. an answer D. a chance
32. A. put B. wrote
C. sent D. discovered 解析: 31. C 从上文可知事实：两车停放得太近，由下文可知，作者想出一个办法试图去解决前文提到的问题。这里answer意为“解决问题的方法”。
32.从上下文可知，这张纸条是作者所写。故应是the woman“发现”这张字条，所以答案是D。①It was taking up a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a 47 : stay in school or leave to work on my magazine. (05 山东)
47. A. suggestion B. decision C. notice D. choice 2. 根据逻辑推理设计题目此类题在完形填空题中较多,解题时,空格所在句子的句意及空格所在段落的意思往往是解题的关键.解此类题时，须确定句意、段意及上下文语境后，进行辨异、推理、作出判断解析；根据stay in school or leave to work on
my magazine 可知两者之间是一种选择关系，
所以答案是D。解析：说话者道歉，所以是成为朋友，答案是B。②My mistress is sorry, too. She parked so crazily because she just learned to drive. We will park much farther over after this. I’m glad we can be 39 now. (05 全国)
39. A. neighbors B. friends
C. drivers D. writers①…a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction, as if he knew me. The man had a newspaper 38 in front of him… (05 全国)
38．A．flat B．open C．cut D．fixed 3.根据生活常识设计题目解析：一个人在监视我 ，按照常理应该是把报纸摊开，假装看报纸，因此答案是B。②In the summer vacation of 1997, I was fixed with a job. I worked as a (n) 36 at Mr. Breen’s shop. (05 江西)
36. A. operator B. assistant
C. waiter D. secretary 解析：暑假在水果店打工当然是当售货员。
assistant=shop assistant①you stand on the mountains overlooking the desert—you can 53 how little you are in comparison with the world (05 湖南)
53. A. prove B. guess C. sense D. expect4.根据词或词组辨析设计题目②So I tried hard with my writing and went to college. My first novel 45 while I was at college. (05 安徽)
45. A. came on B. came in
C. came out D. came back ①I wanted to be a biologist, 51 I didn’t pursue my dream. (05 山东)
51. A. rather B. but C. for D. therefore5. 根据对比关系设计题目（因果，转折，对比等）② 44 my older sisters were sad at the loss of friends , I eagerly explored (探索) our new surroundings. (05 湖南)
44. A. If B. After C. Once D. While 解析: “想成为一名生物学家”与“没有追求梦想”是一种转折关系，因此答案是B。解析: “姐姐因为失去朋友而感到悲伤”与“我探索新环境”形成一种对比，因此答案是D。四.完形填空题解题技巧1. 根据上下文设计题目2. 根据逻辑推理设计题目3.根据生活常识设计题目4.根据词或词组辨析设计题目5. 根据对比关系设计题目五.实例讲解.
2006年高考题湖南卷
-------完形填空总结：完形填空的训练完形填空一般从交待背景开始，依次推进，直至高潮，而后结局，环环相扣，条理十分清楚，层次异常分明。故在平时训练解答完形填空时,以下策略值得注意：1.审题和解题时应遵循四个原则，即整体性原则、连贯性原则、前后呼应原则和先易后难原则。2.加强语感训练，知识的积累和能力的培养。Thank you!Nothing is impossible if we try our best !
2. 篇章短小, 意义完整;
3. 首句完整, 主题明确;
4. 结构清晰, 层次分明;
5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析;
6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅;
7. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇;
8. 常识语法, 每年出现。二.做完形填空题存在的问题：1.不善于抓文章的主旨大意, 导致理解上出现偏差,甚至和文章的中心相悖。2.容易受定势思维的影响，对文章分 析不透，忽视特定语境中知识的应用。3. 做题方法不对。完形填空题是篇章整体理解的题型。而许多同学做题时却常常只局限于单句的理解,导致失误。4. 对完形填空题怀有厌倦、畏惧心理，以至做题时处于应付状态，做题能力得不到提高。三.完形填空题解题思路：总则：点、线、面相结合（词汇、句子、文章）
即：词不离句，句不离章。
1、利用首句，预测内容（大意，体裁，题材）
2、快速阅读，验证主旨大意，把握关键信息， 利用完整句的启示，展开合理联想和推断；
3、紧扣文意，依据中心思想和作者意图解题（先易后难，忌用自己的思维）；
4、验证、核对答案，确定难题答案。（不要轻易改动）细则：四.完形填空题解题技巧1. 根据上下文设计题目2. 根据逻辑推理设计题目3.根据生活常识设计题目4.根据词或词组辨析设计题目5. 根据对比关系设计题目 ①When I was thirteen, my family moved from Boston to Tucson, Arizona. 36 the move, my father 37 us in the living-room on a freezing January night. My sisters and I sat around the fire, not 38 that the universe would suddenly change its course . (05 湖南)
36. A. During B. Until C. Upon D. Before
37. A. gathered B. warned
C. organized D. comforted
38. A. hoping B. admitting
C. realizing D. believing 解题技巧：1.根据上下文设计题目做此类题时，选项往往难以确定，做题时，不应草率做答，要根据全文，通盘考虑，瞻前顾后，抓住文章的主旨大意，有依据地进行语境推理和判断。 ② Still, she got home first, she parked too close to my side. Then one day, I thought, “What can I do?” I soon found 31 . The next day the women 32 a note on her windshield. (05 全国)
31. A. an instruction B. a result
C. an answer D. a chance
32. A. put B. wrote
C. sent D. discovered 解析: 31. C 从上文可知事实：两车停放得太近，由下文可知，作者想出一个办法试图去解决前文提到的问题。这里answer意为“解决问题的方法”。
32.从上下文可知，这张纸条是作者所写。故应是the woman“发现”这张字条，所以答案是D。①It was taking up a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a 47 : stay in school or leave to work on my magazine. (05 山东)
47. A. suggestion B. decision C. notice D. choice 2. 根据逻辑推理设计题目此类题在完形填空题中较多,解题时,空格所在句子的句意及空格所在段落的意思往往是解题的关键.解此类题时，须确定句意、段意及上下文语境后，进行辨异、推理、作出判断解析；根据stay in school or leave to work on
my magazine 可知两者之间是一种选择关系，
所以答案是D。解析：说话者道歉，所以是成为朋友，答案是B。②My mistress is sorry, too. She parked so crazily because she just learned to drive. We will park much farther over after this. I’m glad we can be 39 now. (05 全国)
39. A. neighbors B. friends
C. drivers D. writers①…a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction, as if he knew me. The man had a newspaper 38 in front of him… (05 全国)
38．A．flat B．open C．cut D．fixed 3.根据生活常识设计题目解析：一个人在监视我 ，按照常理应该是把报纸摊开，假装看报纸，因此答案是B。②In the summer vacation of 1997, I was fixed with a job. I worked as a (n) 36 at Mr. Breen’s shop. (05 江西)
36. A. operator B. assistant
C. waiter D. secretary 解析：暑假在水果店打工当然是当售货员。
assistant=shop assistant①you stand on the mountains overlooking the desert—you can 53 how little you are in comparison with the world (05 湖南)
53. A. prove B. guess C. sense D. expect4.根据词或词组辨析设计题目②So I tried hard with my writing and went to college. My first novel 45 while I was at college. (05 安徽)
45. A. came on B. came in
C. came out D. came back ①I wanted to be a biologist, 51 I didn’t pursue my dream. (05 山东)
51. A. rather B. but C. for D. therefore5. 根据对比关系设计题目（因果，转折，对比等）② 44 my older sisters were sad at the loss of friends , I eagerly explored (探索) our new surroundings. (05 湖南)
44. A. If B. After C. Once D. While 解析: “想成为一名生物学家”与“没有追求梦想”是一种转折关系，因此答案是B。解析: “姐姐因为失去朋友而感到悲伤”与“我探索新环境”形成一种对比，因此答案是D。四.完形填空题解题技巧1. 根据上下文设计题目2. 根据逻辑推理设计题目3.根据生活常识设计题目4.根据词或词组辨析设计题目5. 根据对比关系设计题目五.实例讲解.
2006年高考题湖南卷
-------完形填空总结：完形填空的训练完形填空一般从交待背景开始，依次推进，直至高潮，而后结局，环环相扣，条理十分清楚，层次异常分明。故在平时训练解答完形填空时,以下策略值得注意：1.审题和解题时应遵循四个原则，即整体性原则、连贯性原则、前后呼应原则和先易后难原则。2.加强语感训练，知识的积累和能力的培养。Thank you!Nothing is impossible if we try our best !