M4 unit1[下学期]
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课件105张PPT。Nelson MandelaWomen of achievementUnit 1Yang LanShe was the only female emperor of China, and remains the most remarkable(不寻常的), influential(有影响力的)and mysterious woman in Chinese history.Empress Wu Zetian
in Tang DynastyShe is a specialist in doing scientific research from Poland. And She has devoted all her energy to working with a chemical element--- radium (Ra). Her work inspired other scientists so much that she was awarded the Nobel Prize for twice. Marie CurieShe concerns herself with welfare projects, and leads an international campaign to help the poor in India. There she is always trying her best to improve the living condition for the people. She devoted all her life to the charity all around the world so that she won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. Sister TeresaA religious catholicShe was Dr Sun Yat-sen’s wife as well as one of the top leaders in modern Chinese history. She concerned herself with welfare projects, leading China Welfare Institute especially for women and children.Soong Chingling
(1893-1981), China宋氏三姐妹Money-worshipPower-worshipPatrioticgreat womanDo benefit to the societyGood qualities
Inner beautyElizabeth Fry
(1780 --l845), Britain Soong Chingling
(l893 --l98l ), China Jane Goodall
(l934-- ), BritainJody Williams
(l950 -- ), USA Joan of Arc
(l412--l43l), France Lin Qiaozhi
(l90l--l983), ChinaWhich of them do you admire most ? Joan of Arc
(l412--l43l), France She was born in France, a girl from the countryside who dressed as a man and went to fight for the French and to drive the English out of France. She was caught and put to death by the English. She fought for the French.She was caught by the English.She was burnt to death.Because at that time women were not ______ to be soldiers.
The church thought Joan had not b_____ (act) as a woman should.
They did not have good leaders to i_______ (encourage) them or who had ideas for winning wars.
Even after she died, her ______still inspired the French army who ended the English rule in France at last.
The church made her a _______.allowedehavednspirespiritsaintJane Goodall As a young girl, Jane Goodall always wanted to study animals. She went to Africa and studied chimps. Her research showed the connections between chimps and human beings. She works to protect chimps everywhere.A protector of African wildlife1. Who is the protector?2. What animals are observed? Where?Dr.Jane GoodallChimps in Gombe National ParkMain ideasPart 1:
Part 2:
Part 3:
Part 4:A day spent in observing
chimps in the parkJane’s way to study chimps
and her discoveriesJane’s attitude and feeling towards chimps
A summary of Jane’s achievementsWhat did the group do first in the morning?
went into the forest slowly
left the chimp family sleeping in a tree
observe the family of chimps wake up
helped people understand the behavior of the chimps
Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
b. sleep in a tree the night beforea. begin to wake up and move f. play in the tree in the eveningc. feed or clean each other d. wander off into the forest e. come into the mother chimp’s arms, and go to sleep together in their nest for the nightThe daily activity of chimpsb, a, d, c, f, eThe chimps show love in their family by feeding or touching each other.
Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family.
T….make it worthwhile:
you have problem doing something but the result is useful.
Why did Jane go to Africa to study chimps in the wild rather than in a university?
To work with them in their own environment
To prove the way people think about chimps was wrong
To discover what chimps eat
D. To observe a chimp familyWhere did Jane do her research? Jane was permitted to begin her project after____.
the chimp family woke up
she lived in the forest
her mother came to support her
she arrived at GombeOnly after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.What were the difficulties she would meet in her daily life?What did she discover in her research?
Chimps hunt and eat meat
Chimps only eat fruit and nuts
How chimps communicate with each other
Their body language and social system
……change the way people think about …..:Persuade people by your evidence, knowledge that their ideas were wrong.Why was it important to study chimps in the wild? B. They might not behave the same way when they are in cages or laboratories.A. Chimps have different behaviors in the wild and in captivity(俘虏).C. There are more chimps for study in the wild.The purpose of her study was to__________
watch the wild chimps in cages
gain a doctor’s degree
understand and respect the lives of chimps
live in the forest as men canFor forty years, Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.She has spent more than forty years helping people understand her work.TShe hopes that chimps can be left in the forest.
She supposed that people should not use chimps for entertainment.
argue forShe has built many homes for the wild animals to live in.set up What has she done to help chimps?TTTOnce I stop, it all comes crowding in….You can’t forget the idea, and every time you stop to relax, the idea comes back to your mind.In 1965, she earned her PhD(博士学位) in ethology (动物行为学) from Cambridge University.On April 16, 2002 ，she was appointed peace messenger of the United Nations
(联合国和平使者).Working with animals in their own environmentGaining a doctor’s degree for her studiesShowing that women can live in the forest as men canWithout any university training, she has achieved what she wanted.T1.Do you think Jane Goodall was brave to go and live in the forest? What kind of woman is she?2.Would you have done what she did if you had the chance ?DiscussionRetell Jane Goodall has studied the _____ for many years in Africa and helped people _______ how much they ______ like human. Jane _____________ work with animals in their own _________. She spent many years _________ and ________ their daily activities. For 40 years, Jane ___________ the rest of the world understand and ________the life of these animals. She ________ those who want to cheer the ____________of women.chimpsunderstandbehavewas determined to environmentobservingrecordinghas been helpinginspiresrespectachievements We have a choice to use the gift of our lives to make the world a better place ------Jane Goodall1. Lin Qiaozhi devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
I look forward to receiving your letter.
She often sticks to a task until it is finished.
Students paid attention to the professor when he delivered a speech.devote oneself to sth / be devoted to sth 专心于…
devote one’s life/ energy / time to sth/doing sth
“为中华之崛起而读书” (devote…… to….)A. We should devote ourselves to studying for the development of China.
B. We are devoted to studying for the development of China.
______to his research work, the scientist cared little about any other things.
A. Devoting himself B. Devoted C. Having devoted D. To devote
2. Jane spent many years _______(watch carefully)
and recording their daily activities.
A. The scientist has observed the stars all his life.
B. You should observe how Miss Qu does the experiment before you do it by yourself.C. The police observed the robber entering the house.D. The police observed the thief enter the bank.E. As a student, we should observe the school rules.observing有一天, 在野外我们观察到一只猩猩捕捉猴子.
One day, we observed a chimp hunt a monkey in the wild.
One day, we observed a chimp hunting a monkey in the wild.
One day, we observed how a chimp hunted a monkey in the wild.
3. Jane has _____________(give reasons for) them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.
Jane has argued _____ the government _________ how to protect chimps. She argued _____ the chimps to be kept in nature , and she argued _______ them to be used for entertainment or advertisement.argument n.argue for sth….. 为…….而争辩;
argue against sth….. 反对…. 而争辩;
argue over/about…….有关…..而争辩;
argue with sb …… 与谁……而争辩;
argued forwithover/aboutforagainst我们班里有位同学. 他非常喜欢和老师争论各种问题. 因此, 他被挑选参加辩论赛(debate). 在辩论赛中, 他支持因特网的发展; 而他的对手( opponent ) 反对因特网的发展. 他有力的辩论使我们班最终获胜.There is a student in our class, who likes to argue with teachers over/ about all kinds of problems. So he was chosen to join in the debate. In the debate, he argued for the development of the internet, while his opponent argued against the development of the internet. At last, his strong argument made our class win the competition.Climbing the east tower can let you a______ something exciting and make you feel a sense of a__________when you reach the top.
2. Poor working c _______ leads to a strike, for most of workers are in bad c_______.
Soong Chingling c_______ herself with/in/about w______ projects.
My uncle is a s_________ in heart disease, and also s________ in medical research.
5. Teaching is a very w_________ career. It is
w_______ to teach English especially in Yuezhong.
chievechievementonditionsonditionpecialistpecializesorthwhileorthwhileoncernedelfare6.I am usually i______ by Beethoven’s i________ classical music. He is a Genius. But Genius is 10% i________ and 90% perspiration (汗水).
nspirednspiringnspiration5. The teacher b______ like a friend towards me because of my good b_______ in class. That’s to say, I always behave myself/ behave well in his class.
ehavesehaviorOnly+状语位于句首时, 主句中主谓要倒装;
Jane was determined to do her research in the wild. Because Only in the wild could Jane discover the nature of chimps. But she was not allowed to begin her project immediately. Only after her mother came to support her was she permitted to do her work. She has argued for the chimps to be left in the wild, and strongly argued against them to be used for entertainment. Only after she worked hard for chimps did more and more people begin to protect them. So she achieved what she wanted, and became a great woman of achievement. Only then did Jane realize that women can do the same thing as men do.
1. Only in the wild could Jane discover the nature of chimps.2. Only after her mother came to support her was she permitted to do her work.3.Only after she worked hard for chimps did more and more people begin to protect them.4. Only then did Jane realize that women can do the same thing as men do.Only+状语位于句首时, 主句用倒装结构;
只有这样，我们才能学好英语。
Only in this way____________________.
到那时我才意识到我的错误。
Only then________________________.did I realize my mistakescan we learn English betterOnly when your identity has been checked ______
you are allowed in
you will be allowed in
will you allow in
will you be allowed in当且仅当刘备第三次来请诸葛亮出山之后, 诸葛亮才肯答应助他一臂之力.“三顾茅庐”Only when Liu Bei came to visit Kong Ming for the third time did Kong Ming promise to assist him.强调 “就在第三次”, 是强调状语的一种形式;
It was when Liu Bei came to visit Kong Ming for the third time that Kong Ming promised to assist him.1.Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered B. has been considering
C. considered D. is going to considerB
2. He went to Beijing in 1990 and ____
there ever since.
A. is working B. has been working
C. works D. worked
B
现在完成进行时 have/ has been doing
表示过去某一时刻开始的动作或状态一直持 续到现在，甚至到将来.
He ___ ____ ______in bed for two weeks.
他已经卧床两周了。（现在还躺着）
All these days ______________________
to our magazine.
这些天他不断地给我们的杂志写文章。
he has been writing articleshas been lyingHomeworkTranslation on page 43;
Recite the last paragraph;___________ something done successfully
____________ things that are made to interest people
____________ way in which sb/sth behaves
___________ fill somebody with good feelings and aims
____________ admire or show regard for someone
____________ decide to do sth with a great determination
_____________ give reasons to support sth
_____________ care about, be busy with sth
_____________ in a natural environment
achievemententertainmentbehaviorinspirerespectconcern oneself withbe determined to doargue forin the wildSubject---Verb Agreement
(主谓一致)语法一致就近原则
意义一致
就远原则“主语+ 附属结构” 作主语Water is very important to everyone. (不可数名词)
Much effort(努力) is wasted. (抽象名词)
Both my sister and I are teachers. (名词复数)
Each man drinks water every day. (名词单数)Three bottles of water are brought by him.
Each of the students has a book.
The number of students here is 55.
中心词NoteTwo pictures ______ on the wall, which attract many people.
On the wall _____ two pictures, which attract many people.
Their teacher ______ among the students, who is in her thirties.
Among the students _____ their teacher, who is in her thirties.倒装句中的语法一致:arearestandsstands1. 我们教室里有一台电视机和56张桌子.
There are 56 desks and one television in our classroom.
There is one television and 56 desks in our classroom.存在句: There be ……. 结构1．One or two days ____ enough to see the city．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be 2．Not the teacher，but the students ____ looking forward to seeing the film．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another．
A. is B. are C．am D．be4. Neither my wife nor I myself ____ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind．
A．is B. are C．am D．be5. Either she or you_________ going to visit Beijing.
A. is B. are C．am D．be6. Many a man___ the story. A. believes B. believe
7.More than one man ___died in the accident. A. has B. have
8.More than five men ___died in the accident. A. has B. have
AABNote定语从句中的就近原则;
I, who ____ an English teacher, like reading English novels very much.
She is one of the scientists who ______ ______ ___ (致力于) the medical research.amare devoted to
表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，
表达一个整体概念时, 谓语动词则用单数形式;
Two years ______ passed since I left Ningbo;
One million dollars ______ a great sum of money.
Every means ______ been tried since then.
has B. have C. are D. is
2. No news ____ good news. (is / are)
3. Maths / physics _____ the subject that I like most. (is / are)以s 结尾的词, 表示学科, 国家(the United States), 作品(works)等名称作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式;
hasisisishasObserving the chimps wake up ___(is /are) our first activity.
Smoking a lot ___ (do/ does) harm to your health.
To see __ (is / are) to believe.
Something ____ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch.
Anybody who ___ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished.
动名词, 不定式 或不定代词作主语时, 主语一般指代具体事情或事物, 所以谓语动词用单数形式;( anything, everything, nothing…)
( somebody, everybody, nobody…)
NoteIn my hometown, people usually _____very hard from dawn till dusk. ( work / works)
The police ____ searching for a criminal. (is / are)
The cattle _____ on grass. (feed / feeds)
people, police 及cattle 等集合名词作主语时, 谓语动词都用复数;workarefeed在中国, 老人们受到年轻人的尊重.
In China, the old are respected by the young.
In China , the old is respected by the young.
In China, the young shows respect for the old.
In China, the young show respect for the old.
The + 一类形容词 (rich, poor, sick, blind, dead, old, young, wounded…..)作主语时, 代表整个类别, 谓语要用复数形式;The worker and writer is from Wuhan.
那个工人兼作家
The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 由and 连接的并列成分当主语, 表示同一概念
或整体时, 谓语动词用单数形式; 表示不同概念
或不同个体时, 则用复数;TBread and butter is a daily food in the West.
黄油涂面包
Both bread and butter are sold out.
To love and to be loved is sweet to every man.
Lying and stealing are not right.
Where and when to go hasn’t been decided.
TTTTTT一些集合名词作主语时, 谓语动词的形式要依据具体情况而定; 若表示整体情况, 谓语用单数; 若指其中成员的具体情况, 则用复数;我的家庭很大, 并且我的家人都是音乐爱好者.
My family is very big, and my family are all music lovers.
这个政府部门由六十位高级官员组成, 现正在开会.
The government is made up of sixty high officials,
and now the government are having a meeting.
(group, team, class, the public, audience, family, population, government, committee(委员会)…….)
Two thirds of students in our class____ girls.
Seventy percent of our school land ______ been fully used.
Most of / All of/ Some of the pocket money __ given by my parents. The rest __ earned by myself.
Most of/ All of /Some of my classmates ____from Yueqing. The rest ____ from Wenzhou.
Lots of /Plenty of food in our canteen __delicious.
Lots of /Plenty of the students here ___ diligent.
一些修饰词修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时, 其谓语动词由前面的名词而定; arehasisisareareisareNoteQ: Do they look down upon the poor?(Neither of them)
A: ______________________________________.Q: Do you like observing chimps like Jane Goodall? (None of us)
A: ___________________________________ None of us likes / like observing chimps like Jane Goodall.Neither of them looks / look down upon the poor.Neither of ……, None of ……..作主语时, 谓语动词单复数均可以.主语后接一些附属结构: with , along with, together with ,as well as , but (除了) ,
except (除了) , including, rather than等作主语时,
谓语动词与这类附属结构前面的“主语”一致;
当铃声响时, 老师还有几位学生正一起走进教室.
When the bell rang, the teacher ____________
________________ several students ___ coming in.
你才是个谦虚的人.
You , ___________I ___ a very modest person.
with/ along with/together with/ as well as wasrather thanare1．Nobody but Betty and Mary ____ late for class yesterday．
A．was B．were
C．has been D．have been
2．A woman with some children ____ soon．
A．is coming B．are coming
C．has come D．have come
3. Everything, including the clothes, ____ stolen that evening.
A. is B. was C. are D. were7．No one except my parents ____ anything about this。
A．know B．knows
C．is known D．are known
8．The teacher as well as the students ____ the book already．
A．has read B．have read
C．are reading D．is reading
9．All but one ____ in the accident．
A．was killed B．were killed
C．will be killed D．are killed The necklace
The story happened in Paris. One day , Peter together with his wife, ___ invited to a ball at the palace. Both of them ____ very glad to accept the invitation . Not only a new dress but also some jewellery ____ needed. But the family ____ not a rich one, they only could offer to buy a dress. So a diamond necklace ____ borrowed from his wife’s friend Jane. But neither of them ____ told that the necklace ____ not a real diamond one. waswerewaswaswaswaswas/wereThey went to the ball. On their way home,
they found all but the necklace ___not lost.
A lot of money ____ borrowed ,and a new
diamond necklace ____ bought. To pay off
the debts , the couple had to work day and
night. Butter and bread ___ their daily food.
Ten years ___ a long time, but at last they
paid off all their debts. When his wife met
Jane in the park , she ___told the fact. The necklace she borrowed from Jane ____ only worth 500 francs.waswerewaswaswaswaswasWho was the writer of this article? How do you know?
the university entrance exam (高考)
What kind of college did the writer decide to study at?
Medical.
Who inspired the writer to study at medical college?
How did Lin Qiaozhi inspire the author?
Name:
Date:
Hometown:
Career:
林巧稚 (Lin Qiaozhi) 1901-1983Xiamen,Fujian chinaa specialist in women’s illnessHer statueQ. Why did Lin Qiaozhi write a small book?It explained how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.
She wanted to make money.
It was intended for women who lived in the countryside and could not reach a doctor.
D. Both A and C. Q. Which period did Lin Qiaozhi live in?In the early 20th century Q1. Was it easy for a woman to get medical education at that time? Why?
Q2. What made Lin Qiaozhi famous?No, it wasn’t. Because at that time women’s education was always placed second to men’s.It was not her success at university that had made her famous. It was her kindness and consideration (which/ that) she showed to all her patients.Has she ever got married in her life? How do you know?
She devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own. Though she didn’t give birth to a baby, she had made sure that about 50, 000 babies were safely delivered to their mothers.
What do you think are the important qualities a good doctor should have?
selflessness(无私), competence(有能力), kindness,
consideration, devotion(奉献)Write down three of Lin Qiaozhi’s achievements
after reading the passage.1.She got a medical training for her career.2.She became a specialist in women diseases.3. She had made sure that about 50,000 babies
were safely delivered to their mothers.After I did some ___ on Mary Curie, it ____ me like lightning how difficult it ____ have been for her to win the Nobel Prize when women’s achievement in science was always ______ second to men’s. And one article ______ my eye. In it there was a short passage _____ how she ____ for her family. She was devoted to the family _____ her own.1.A. research B. researches C. researching D. studying
2.A. strike B. struck C. stricken D. strikes
3. A. should B. may C. could D. must
4. A. put B. place C. placing D. placed
5. A. catch B. caught C. look D. see
6. A. explained B. explanation C. explains D. explaining
7. A. look B. care C. cared D. cares
8. A. of B. to C. for D. with
12345678She was such a ________mother that she could ______ the doctor in time when her family got ill. I read through it carefully and realized that it was ______ for women who wanted to succeed in their _____ as well as in their family. It’s a pity that Marie Curie died from chemical poison like many other great scientists. So people have been finding out ways to _____ the death rate from doing chemical research.
9. A. considerate B. modest C. consideration D. worthwhile
10.A. get B. reach C. have D take
11. A. wrote D. intended C. write D. intend
12. A. career D. works C. job D. working
13. A. cut B. raise C. rise D. less121011913strike v. 击,打;袭击;突然想起It suddenly struck me how we could solve the problem.A good idea _____me. let’s go swimming.
A. hit B. beat C. happen D. struckcatch one’s eye: draw one’s attention
The pictures on the blackboard are so attractive that they catch my eye, when I come in every time.HomeworkExercise 1,2 on page 6;
Exercise Book B4;In a poor family, boys will get the first chance to go to school;In a poor family, girls often leave school earlier than boys to work in order to support the family;男女就业比例：Girls find more difficulty in hunting for a job, though they are as excellent as boys.The chances for girls to get to the top of their chosen career are fewer than for boys.childcare and running the houseHomeworkExercise 1 on page 43;
Exercise Book A3;
英语周报 “语法突破”;
Preview reading II;
Bob Bob _____ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _____ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _______
workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _______
a teacher.isBill Neither of them _______
(know) how to teach English. knows/knowAll of them ______ workers.None of them ___________
(know) how to teach English.are knows/know
3. 主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分时, 谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。可构成这类短语的有：
with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than , rather than, more than 等。
(一）谓语动词为单数的情况 1.由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。
The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家
cf: the worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家
? Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 2．every… and (every)…,each …and (each… ,no …and (no)… ,many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood.
Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 3．one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +复数名词作主语
Each of the students has a book.
4．clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。
Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.
5．以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。
Maths physics Swiss United states 6．表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时
Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.
7． 由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。Anybody,something
8．非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语
Collecting stamps is what he likes.
Whatever was left was taken away.
9. 单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。 （二）谓语动词为复数的情况 1．由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。
Both bread and butter are sold out.
2．people , police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。
The police are looking for the missing child.
3．goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。
4．由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。
The Olympic Games are held once every four years.
5. a number of /quantities of /a group of +名词作主语 (三) 谓语动词单、复数视情况而定 1．集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。
His family is a great one.
His family are music lovers.
2．means, works, pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。
The steel works is near the station.
Two new steel works are being built.
3．kind, sort , pair ，type +名词作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。
4．all , none, some , any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。
All are present .
All the food tastes good.
5.half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/ plenty / 分数、百分数+of +名词作主语 就近一致原则 由or , either …or, neither…nor, not only…but also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。
Not only he but also I am invited.
Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.
但注意with/along with /together with/including /but/except/like/among/as well as /no more than /besides/rather than +名词 置于主语后，谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。 The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.
in Tang DynastyShe is a specialist in doing scientific research from Poland. And She has devoted all her energy to working with a chemical element--- radium (Ra). Her work inspired other scientists so much that she was awarded the Nobel Prize for twice. Marie CurieShe concerns herself with welfare projects, and leads an international campaign to help the poor in India. There she is always trying her best to improve the living condition for the people. She devoted all her life to the charity all around the world so that she won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. Sister TeresaA religious catholicShe was Dr Sun Yat-sen’s wife as well as one of the top leaders in modern Chinese history. She concerned herself with welfare projects, leading China Welfare Institute especially for women and children.Soong Chingling
(1893-1981), China宋氏三姐妹Money-worshipPower-worshipPatrioticgreat womanDo benefit to the societyGood qualities
Inner beautyElizabeth Fry
(1780 --l845), Britain Soong Chingling
(l893 --l98l ), China Jane Goodall
(l934-- ), BritainJody Williams
(l950 -- ), USA Joan of Arc
(l412--l43l), France Lin Qiaozhi
(l90l--l983), ChinaWhich of them do you admire most ? Joan of Arc
(l412--l43l), France She was born in France, a girl from the countryside who dressed as a man and went to fight for the French and to drive the English out of France. She was caught and put to death by the English. She fought for the French.She was caught by the English.She was burnt to death.Because at that time women were not ______ to be soldiers.
The church thought Joan had not b_____ (act) as a woman should.
They did not have good leaders to i_______ (encourage) them or who had ideas for winning wars.
Even after she died, her ______still inspired the French army who ended the English rule in France at last.
The church made her a _______.allowedehavednspirespiritsaintJane Goodall As a young girl, Jane Goodall always wanted to study animals. She went to Africa and studied chimps. Her research showed the connections between chimps and human beings. She works to protect chimps everywhere.A protector of African wildlife1. Who is the protector?2. What animals are observed? Where?Dr.Jane GoodallChimps in Gombe National ParkMain ideasPart 1:
Part 2:
Part 3:
Part 4:A day spent in observing
chimps in the parkJane’s way to study chimps
and her discoveriesJane’s attitude and feeling towards chimps
A summary of Jane’s achievementsWhat did the group do first in the morning?
went into the forest slowly
left the chimp family sleeping in a tree
observe the family of chimps wake up
helped people understand the behavior of the chimps
Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
b. sleep in a tree the night beforea. begin to wake up and move f. play in the tree in the eveningc. feed or clean each other d. wander off into the forest e. come into the mother chimp’s arms, and go to sleep together in their nest for the nightThe daily activity of chimpsb, a, d, c, f, eThe chimps show love in their family by feeding or touching each other.
Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family.
T….make it worthwhile:
you have problem doing something but the result is useful.
Why did Jane go to Africa to study chimps in the wild rather than in a university?
To work with them in their own environment
To prove the way people think about chimps was wrong
To discover what chimps eat
D. To observe a chimp familyWhere did Jane do her research? Jane was permitted to begin her project after____.
the chimp family woke up
she lived in the forest
her mother came to support her
she arrived at GombeOnly after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.What were the difficulties she would meet in her daily life?What did she discover in her research?
Chimps hunt and eat meat
Chimps only eat fruit and nuts
How chimps communicate with each other
Their body language and social system
……change the way people think about …..:Persuade people by your evidence, knowledge that their ideas were wrong.Why was it important to study chimps in the wild? B. They might not behave the same way when they are in cages or laboratories.A. Chimps have different behaviors in the wild and in captivity(俘虏).C. There are more chimps for study in the wild.The purpose of her study was to__________
watch the wild chimps in cages
gain a doctor’s degree
understand and respect the lives of chimps
live in the forest as men canFor forty years, Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.She has spent more than forty years helping people understand her work.TShe hopes that chimps can be left in the forest.
She supposed that people should not use chimps for entertainment.
argue forShe has built many homes for the wild animals to live in.set up What has she done to help chimps?TTTOnce I stop, it all comes crowding in….You can’t forget the idea, and every time you stop to relax, the idea comes back to your mind.In 1965, she earned her PhD(博士学位) in ethology (动物行为学) from Cambridge University.On April 16, 2002 ，she was appointed peace messenger of the United Nations
(联合国和平使者).Working with animals in their own environmentGaining a doctor’s degree for her studiesShowing that women can live in the forest as men canWithout any university training, she has achieved what she wanted.T1.Do you think Jane Goodall was brave to go and live in the forest? What kind of woman is she?2.Would you have done what she did if you had the chance ?DiscussionRetell Jane Goodall has studied the _____ for many years in Africa and helped people _______ how much they ______ like human. Jane _____________ work with animals in their own _________. She spent many years _________ and ________ their daily activities. For 40 years, Jane ___________ the rest of the world understand and ________the life of these animals. She ________ those who want to cheer the ____________of women.chimpsunderstandbehavewas determined to environmentobservingrecordinghas been helpinginspiresrespectachievements We have a choice to use the gift of our lives to make the world a better place ------Jane Goodall1. Lin Qiaozhi devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
I look forward to receiving your letter.
She often sticks to a task until it is finished.
Students paid attention to the professor when he delivered a speech.devote oneself to sth / be devoted to sth 专心于…
devote one’s life/ energy / time to sth/doing sth
“为中华之崛起而读书” (devote…… to….)A. We should devote ourselves to studying for the development of China.
B. We are devoted to studying for the development of China.
______to his research work, the scientist cared little about any other things.
A. Devoting himself B. Devoted C. Having devoted D. To devote
2. Jane spent many years _______(watch carefully)
and recording their daily activities.
A. The scientist has observed the stars all his life.
B. You should observe how Miss Qu does the experiment before you do it by yourself.C. The police observed the robber entering the house.D. The police observed the thief enter the bank.E. As a student, we should observe the school rules.observing有一天, 在野外我们观察到一只猩猩捕捉猴子.
One day, we observed a chimp hunt a monkey in the wild.
One day, we observed a chimp hunting a monkey in the wild.
One day, we observed how a chimp hunted a monkey in the wild.
3. Jane has _____________(give reasons for) them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.
Jane has argued _____ the government _________ how to protect chimps. She argued _____ the chimps to be kept in nature , and she argued _______ them to be used for entertainment or advertisement.argument n.argue for sth….. 为…….而争辩;
argue against sth….. 反对…. 而争辩;
argue over/about…….有关…..而争辩;
argue with sb …… 与谁……而争辩;
argued forwithover/aboutforagainst我们班里有位同学. 他非常喜欢和老师争论各种问题. 因此, 他被挑选参加辩论赛(debate). 在辩论赛中, 他支持因特网的发展; 而他的对手( opponent ) 反对因特网的发展. 他有力的辩论使我们班最终获胜.There is a student in our class, who likes to argue with teachers over/ about all kinds of problems. So he was chosen to join in the debate. In the debate, he argued for the development of the internet, while his opponent argued against the development of the internet. At last, his strong argument made our class win the competition.Climbing the east tower can let you a______ something exciting and make you feel a sense of a__________when you reach the top.
2. Poor working c _______ leads to a strike, for most of workers are in bad c_______.
Soong Chingling c_______ herself with/in/about w______ projects.
My uncle is a s_________ in heart disease, and also s________ in medical research.
5. Teaching is a very w_________ career. It is
w_______ to teach English especially in Yuezhong.
chievechievementonditionsonditionpecialistpecializesorthwhileorthwhileoncernedelfare6.I am usually i______ by Beethoven’s i________ classical music. He is a Genius. But Genius is 10% i________ and 90% perspiration (汗水).
nspirednspiringnspiration5. The teacher b______ like a friend towards me because of my good b_______ in class. That’s to say, I always behave myself/ behave well in his class.
ehavesehaviorOnly+状语位于句首时, 主句中主谓要倒装;
Jane was determined to do her research in the wild. Because Only in the wild could Jane discover the nature of chimps. But she was not allowed to begin her project immediately. Only after her mother came to support her was she permitted to do her work. She has argued for the chimps to be left in the wild, and strongly argued against them to be used for entertainment. Only after she worked hard for chimps did more and more people begin to protect them. So she achieved what she wanted, and became a great woman of achievement. Only then did Jane realize that women can do the same thing as men do.
1. Only in the wild could Jane discover the nature of chimps.2. Only after her mother came to support her was she permitted to do her work.3.Only after she worked hard for chimps did more and more people begin to protect them.4. Only then did Jane realize that women can do the same thing as men do.Only+状语位于句首时, 主句用倒装结构;
只有这样，我们才能学好英语。
Only in this way____________________.
到那时我才意识到我的错误。
Only then________________________.did I realize my mistakescan we learn English betterOnly when your identity has been checked ______
you are allowed in
you will be allowed in
will you allow in
will you be allowed in当且仅当刘备第三次来请诸葛亮出山之后, 诸葛亮才肯答应助他一臂之力.“三顾茅庐”Only when Liu Bei came to visit Kong Ming for the third time did Kong Ming promise to assist him.强调 “就在第三次”, 是强调状语的一种形式;
It was when Liu Bei came to visit Kong Ming for the third time that Kong Ming promised to assist him.1.Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered B. has been considering
C. considered D. is going to considerB
2. He went to Beijing in 1990 and ____
there ever since.
A. is working B. has been working
C. works D. worked
B
现在完成进行时 have/ has been doing
表示过去某一时刻开始的动作或状态一直持 续到现在，甚至到将来.
He ___ ____ ______in bed for two weeks.
他已经卧床两周了。（现在还躺着）
All these days ______________________
to our magazine.
这些天他不断地给我们的杂志写文章。
he has been writing articleshas been lyingHomeworkTranslation on page 43;
Recite the last paragraph;___________ something done successfully
____________ things that are made to interest people
____________ way in which sb/sth behaves
___________ fill somebody with good feelings and aims
____________ admire or show regard for someone
____________ decide to do sth with a great determination
_____________ give reasons to support sth
_____________ care about, be busy with sth
_____________ in a natural environment
achievemententertainmentbehaviorinspirerespectconcern oneself withbe determined to doargue forin the wildSubject---Verb Agreement
(主谓一致)语法一致就近原则
意义一致
就远原则“主语+ 附属结构” 作主语Water is very important to everyone. (不可数名词)
Much effort(努力) is wasted. (抽象名词)
Both my sister and I are teachers. (名词复数)
Each man drinks water every day. (名词单数)Three bottles of water are brought by him.
Each of the students has a book.
The number of students here is 55.
中心词NoteTwo pictures ______ on the wall, which attract many people.
On the wall _____ two pictures, which attract many people.
Their teacher ______ among the students, who is in her thirties.
Among the students _____ their teacher, who is in her thirties.倒装句中的语法一致:arearestandsstands1. 我们教室里有一台电视机和56张桌子.
There are 56 desks and one television in our classroom.
There is one television and 56 desks in our classroom.存在句: There be ……. 结构1．One or two days ____ enough to see the city．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be 2．Not the teacher，but the students ____ looking forward to seeing the film．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another．
A. is B. are C．am D．be4. Neither my wife nor I myself ____ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind．
A．is B. are C．am D．be5. Either she or you_________ going to visit Beijing.
A. is B. are C．am D．be6. Many a man___ the story. A. believes B. believe
7.More than one man ___died in the accident. A. has B. have
8.More than five men ___died in the accident. A. has B. have
AABNote定语从句中的就近原则;
I, who ____ an English teacher, like reading English novels very much.
She is one of the scientists who ______ ______ ___ (致力于) the medical research.amare devoted to
表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，
表达一个整体概念时, 谓语动词则用单数形式;
Two years ______ passed since I left Ningbo;
One million dollars ______ a great sum of money.
Every means ______ been tried since then.
has B. have C. are D. is
2. No news ____ good news. (is / are)
3. Maths / physics _____ the subject that I like most. (is / are)以s 结尾的词, 表示学科, 国家(the United States), 作品(works)等名称作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式;
hasisisishasObserving the chimps wake up ___(is /are) our first activity.
Smoking a lot ___ (do/ does) harm to your health.
To see __ (is / are) to believe.
Something ____ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch.
Anybody who ___ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished.
动名词, 不定式 或不定代词作主语时, 主语一般指代具体事情或事物, 所以谓语动词用单数形式;( anything, everything, nothing…)
( somebody, everybody, nobody…)
NoteIn my hometown, people usually _____very hard from dawn till dusk. ( work / works)
The police ____ searching for a criminal. (is / are)
The cattle _____ on grass. (feed / feeds)
people, police 及cattle 等集合名词作主语时, 谓语动词都用复数;workarefeed在中国, 老人们受到年轻人的尊重.
In China, the old are respected by the young.
In China , the old is respected by the young.
In China, the young shows respect for the old.
In China, the young show respect for the old.
The + 一类形容词 (rich, poor, sick, blind, dead, old, young, wounded…..)作主语时, 代表整个类别, 谓语要用复数形式;The worker and writer is from Wuhan.
那个工人兼作家
The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 由and 连接的并列成分当主语, 表示同一概念
或整体时, 谓语动词用单数形式; 表示不同概念
或不同个体时, 则用复数;TBread and butter is a daily food in the West.
黄油涂面包
Both bread and butter are sold out.
To love and to be loved is sweet to every man.
Lying and stealing are not right.
Where and when to go hasn’t been decided.
TTTTTT一些集合名词作主语时, 谓语动词的形式要依据具体情况而定; 若表示整体情况, 谓语用单数; 若指其中成员的具体情况, 则用复数;我的家庭很大, 并且我的家人都是音乐爱好者.
My family is very big, and my family are all music lovers.
这个政府部门由六十位高级官员组成, 现正在开会.
The government is made up of sixty high officials,
and now the government are having a meeting.
(group, team, class, the public, audience, family, population, government, committee(委员会)…….)
Two thirds of students in our class____ girls.
Seventy percent of our school land ______ been fully used.
Most of / All of/ Some of the pocket money __ given by my parents. The rest __ earned by myself.
Most of/ All of /Some of my classmates ____from Yueqing. The rest ____ from Wenzhou.
Lots of /Plenty of food in our canteen __delicious.
Lots of /Plenty of the students here ___ diligent.
一些修饰词修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时, 其谓语动词由前面的名词而定; arehasisisareareisareNoteQ: Do they look down upon the poor?(Neither of them)
A: ______________________________________.Q: Do you like observing chimps like Jane Goodall? (None of us)
A: ___________________________________ None of us likes / like observing chimps like Jane Goodall.Neither of them looks / look down upon the poor.Neither of ……, None of ……..作主语时, 谓语动词单复数均可以.主语后接一些附属结构: with , along with, together with ,as well as , but (除了) ,
except (除了) , including, rather than等作主语时,
谓语动词与这类附属结构前面的“主语”一致;
当铃声响时, 老师还有几位学生正一起走进教室.
When the bell rang, the teacher ____________
________________ several students ___ coming in.
你才是个谦虚的人.
You , ___________I ___ a very modest person.
with/ along with/together with/ as well as wasrather thanare1．Nobody but Betty and Mary ____ late for class yesterday．
A．was B．were
C．has been D．have been
2．A woman with some children ____ soon．
A．is coming B．are coming
C．has come D．have come
3. Everything, including the clothes, ____ stolen that evening.
A. is B. was C. are D. were7．No one except my parents ____ anything about this。
A．know B．knows
C．is known D．are known
8．The teacher as well as the students ____ the book already．
A．has read B．have read
C．are reading D．is reading
9．All but one ____ in the accident．
A．was killed B．were killed
C．will be killed D．are killed The necklace
The story happened in Paris. One day , Peter together with his wife, ___ invited to a ball at the palace. Both of them ____ very glad to accept the invitation . Not only a new dress but also some jewellery ____ needed. But the family ____ not a rich one, they only could offer to buy a dress. So a diamond necklace ____ borrowed from his wife’s friend Jane. But neither of them ____ told that the necklace ____ not a real diamond one. waswerewaswaswaswaswas/wereThey went to the ball. On their way home,
they found all but the necklace ___not lost.
A lot of money ____ borrowed ,and a new
diamond necklace ____ bought. To pay off
the debts , the couple had to work day and
night. Butter and bread ___ their daily food.
Ten years ___ a long time, but at last they
paid off all their debts. When his wife met
Jane in the park , she ___told the fact. The necklace she borrowed from Jane ____ only worth 500 francs.waswerewaswaswaswaswasWho was the writer of this article? How do you know?
the university entrance exam (高考)
What kind of college did the writer decide to study at?
Medical.
Who inspired the writer to study at medical college?
How did Lin Qiaozhi inspire the author?
Name:
Date:
Hometown:
Career:
林巧稚 (Lin Qiaozhi) 1901-1983Xiamen,Fujian chinaa specialist in women’s illnessHer statueQ. Why did Lin Qiaozhi write a small book?It explained how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.
She wanted to make money.
It was intended for women who lived in the countryside and could not reach a doctor.
D. Both A and C. Q. Which period did Lin Qiaozhi live in?In the early 20th century Q1. Was it easy for a woman to get medical education at that time? Why?
Q2. What made Lin Qiaozhi famous?No, it wasn’t. Because at that time women’s education was always placed second to men’s.It was not her success at university that had made her famous. It was her kindness and consideration (which/ that) she showed to all her patients.Has she ever got married in her life? How do you know?
She devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own. Though she didn’t give birth to a baby, she had made sure that about 50, 000 babies were safely delivered to their mothers.
What do you think are the important qualities a good doctor should have?
selflessness(无私), competence(有能力), kindness,
consideration, devotion(奉献)Write down three of Lin Qiaozhi’s achievements
after reading the passage.1.She got a medical training for her career.2.She became a specialist in women diseases.3. She had made sure that about 50,000 babies
were safely delivered to their mothers.After I did some ___ on Mary Curie, it ____ me like lightning how difficult it ____ have been for her to win the Nobel Prize when women’s achievement in science was always ______ second to men’s. And one article ______ my eye. In it there was a short passage _____ how she ____ for her family. She was devoted to the family _____ her own.1.A. research B. researches C. researching D. studying
2.A. strike B. struck C. stricken D. strikes
3. A. should B. may C. could D. must
4. A. put B. place C. placing D. placed
5. A. catch B. caught C. look D. see
6. A. explained B. explanation C. explains D. explaining
7. A. look B. care C. cared D. cares
8. A. of B. to C. for D. with
12345678She was such a ________mother that she could ______ the doctor in time when her family got ill. I read through it carefully and realized that it was ______ for women who wanted to succeed in their _____ as well as in their family. It’s a pity that Marie Curie died from chemical poison like many other great scientists. So people have been finding out ways to _____ the death rate from doing chemical research.
9. A. considerate B. modest C. consideration D. worthwhile
10.A. get B. reach C. have D take
11. A. wrote D. intended C. write D. intend
12. A. career D. works C. job D. working
13. A. cut B. raise C. rise D. less121011913strike v. 击,打;袭击;突然想起It suddenly struck me how we could solve the problem.A good idea _____me. let’s go swimming.
A. hit B. beat C. happen D. struckcatch one’s eye: draw one’s attention
The pictures on the blackboard are so attractive that they catch my eye, when I come in every time.HomeworkExercise 1,2 on page 6;
Exercise Book B4;In a poor family, boys will get the first chance to go to school;In a poor family, girls often leave school earlier than boys to work in order to support the family;男女就业比例：Girls find more difficulty in hunting for a job, though they are as excellent as boys.The chances for girls to get to the top of their chosen career are fewer than for boys.childcare and running the houseHomeworkExercise 1 on page 43;
Exercise Book A3;
英语周报 “语法突破”;
Preview reading II;
Bob Bob _____ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _____ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _______
workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _______
a teacher.isBill Neither of them _______
(know) how to teach English. knows/knowAll of them ______ workers.None of them ___________
(know) how to teach English.are knows/know
3. 主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分时, 谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。可构成这类短语的有：
with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than , rather than, more than 等。
(一）谓语动词为单数的情况 1.由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。
The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家
cf: the worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家
? Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 2．every… and (every)…,each …and (each… ,no …and (no)… ,many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood.
Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 3．one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +复数名词作主语
Each of the students has a book.
4．clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。
Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.
5．以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。
Maths physics Swiss United states 6．表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时
Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.
7． 由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语。Anybody,something
8．非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语
Collecting stamps is what he likes.
Whatever was left was taken away.
9. 单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。 （二）谓语动词为复数的情况 1．由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。
Both bread and butter are sold out.
2．people , police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。
The police are looking for the missing child.
3．goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。
4．由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。
The Olympic Games are held once every four years.
5. a number of /quantities of /a group of +名词作主语 (三) 谓语动词单、复数视情况而定 1．集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。
His family is a great one.
His family are music lovers.
2．means, works, pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。
The steel works is near the station.
Two new steel works are being built.
3．kind, sort , pair ，type +名词作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。
4．all , none, some , any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。
All are present .
All the food tastes good.
5.half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/ plenty / 分数、百分数+of +名词作主语 就近一致原则 由or , either …or, neither…nor, not only…but also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。
Not only he but also I am invited.
Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.
但注意with/along with /together with/including /but/except/like/among/as well as /no more than /besides/rather than +名词 置于主语后，谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。 The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.
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