2008高三英语复习学案--Chapter 13 SB II Units 3- 4[上学期]

Chapter 13 SB II Units 3- 4
☆重点句型☆
1. I prefer living in a modern flat.
2. What words and phrases do you think will be useful ...
3. I wouldn't feel happy living in a block of apartments.
4. Every great culture in the past had its own ideasof
beauty expressed in art and literature.
5. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered
by a gray net of steel.
6. A is to B what C is to B.
7. Besides, no matter how well a poem is translated,
something of the spirit of the original work is lost.
8. More than any other form of literature, poetry plays
with ,sounds, words and grammar.
9. Greatly loved in China are the English Romantic poets.
☆重点词汇☆
1. preference n. 偏爱，喜好，优先
2. design vt. & n. 设计；样式，款式
3. furniture (U) n. 家具(总称)
4. taste v. & n. 尝；味道，鉴赏力
5. convenient adj. 方便的
6. stand v. 站，忍受，承担
7. impress vt. 使感动，使……留下印象
8. create vt. 创造，创建，创作
9. intention n. 意图，打算，目的
10. sort vt. & n. 分类；种类，类型
11. absence n. 缺席，缺乏，不在
12. instruction n. 序言，介绍，引进
13. extraordinary adj. 特别的，惊人的
14. recommend vt. 推荐，介绍
15. atmosphere n. 气氛，大气
16. translation n. 翻译，译文
17. glory n. 荣誉，光荣
18. style n. 风格，作风，文体
19. paint vt. & n. 涂颜料，绘画；颜料，涂料
20. recite n. 背诵，朗诵
21. embrace n. 拥抱
22. tale n. 传说，传闻，故事
23. essay n. 论文，散文，随笔
24. literature n. 文学
☆重点短语☆
1. go against 违背，不利于
2. stand close to 接近，靠近
3. pull down 拆毁，推毁
4. compare with 与……比较
5. act as 充当，扮演，担当
6. belong to 属于
7. fill up with 用……填满
8. call up 打电话，唤起，使想起
9. stand out 突出，显眼
10. remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起，提醒某人某事
11. lead to 通往，导致
12. get through 通过，完成，接通(电话)
13. send for 派人请……，叫人拿……
14. contribute...to 贡献给……，向……投稿
e into being 形成，产生
16. join...to 把……和……连起来
17. serve the purpose 管用，解决问题
18. set...aside 把……放在一边
☆交际用语☆
1. I'd prefer living in a modem flat.
2. I'd rather live in a traditional siheyuan.
3. I'm much more interested in doing sth.
4. I wouldn't feel happy if 1 lived in a block.
5. I don't get very excited about old-style houses.
6. What I like is ...
7. I can' t stand doing sth.
☆词汇短语☆
11. absence n. 缺席，缺乏，不在
形容词 absent，通常与 from 连用。反义词分别为
presence (n.)，present(adj.)。
Her absence from the meeting made the manager
disappointed.
她没到会使经理感到失望。
In the absence of water, plants don't grow.
没有水植物无法生长。
1. design vt. 设计，计划；n. 款式，没计
(1) 动词用法
The tower is perfectly designed.
这座塔设计完美。
Was it designed, or did it just happen
这是预先计划好的，还是偶然发生的
(2) 名词用法
The suit of cbtheslooks beautifulin design.
这套服装样式看上去很漂亮。
His design wasn't accepted.
他的设计未被接受。
【考点1】design 的用法
▲ 句型：sth be designed to do sth... ……的目的是……
【考例 1】(2001上海春招) The new suspension bridge ____
by the end of last month.
A. has been designed
B. had been designed
C. was designed
D. would be designed
[考查目标]动词的时态与语态在语境中的实际运用。
[答案与解析]B by the end of 短语应该使用完成时
态，而last month暗示应该使用过去时态。故此综合两
个条件必须使用过去完成时态。
【考点7】disturb的用法
▲ 构词：distur bing adj. 烦扰的
▲ 辨析：disturb; interrupt
两词都是动词，含有“打扰”的意思，但disturb强调扰
乱、妨碍安静、平静或正常的秩序。而interrupt则强调
使工作、谈话等中断。例如：
The noise disturbs us day and night. 噪音日夜扰乱着我
们。
I'm sorry to interrupt but there is a phone call for you.
真对不起打扰你．有电话找你。
【考例7】Sorry to ____ you，but your mother is
waiting outside.
A. break B. interrupt
C. stop D. disturb
[考查目标] 考查相关词汇的辨析与运用。
[答案与解析]B disturb表示“扰乱、妨碍安静、平静或
正常的秩序”。而 interrupt 则强调“使工作、谈话等中
断”。stop 表示“停止、阻止”；break 表示“打破、中止”。
【考点8】feel 的用法
▲ 构词：
① feeling n. 感觉；知觉；触觉
② feelings n. 心情；感情；情绪
▲ 搭配：
① feel one's way (in the dark) (在黑暗中)摸索着前进
② feel oneself = be oneself 感到合适／正常／舒服
③ feel / be proud of 以……自豪
④ hurt one's feelings 伤某人的感情
▲ 句型：
① sb feel sth 摸……；感觉到……
② sb feel + that clause 认为……
③ sb feel + adj. 感到如何……
④ sth feel + adj. 摸起来……
⑤ It feels + adj. + to do 做某事……感觉……
⑥ fee + 宾语 + 宾补 (由n. / adj. / prep. / phrase / do
sth / doing sth / done / to be n. / adj. 充当)觉得
……；感到……
⑦ sb feel it adj. / n. to do / that clause 觉得……
⑧ sb feel like (doing) sth 感到想(干)某事；感到像是
……样子 sth feel like sth 某物摸起来像什么
⑨ feel + 地点状语 + for sth 在……中摸……
⑩ feel as if / though 觉得好像，觉得似乎
⑩ feel / be sure that... 确信……
⑩ have a feeling that... 有……的感觉；觉得……
【考例8】(NMET 1996) I love to go to the seaside in
summer. It ____ good to lie in the sun or swim in
the cool sea.
A. does B. feels
C. gets D. makes
[考查目标] 考查动词与句型的固定搭配。
[答案与解析]B 本题考查：1. It is / feels good to do
sth与 It does good to sb 的用法区别；2. 系表结构知识。
先排除A项，因为 to 在本句中为动词不定式而不是介
词；而 C、D 两项没有此类搭配。
【考点4】glance 的用法
▲搭配：glance at 匆匆一看；一瞥
▲辨析：glance; glare; stare
三词均与“看”有关，但glance意为“一瞥，看一眼，粗略
地看一看”。指看的结果。glare意为“瞪视，凝视”，指愤
怒或威胁地凝视，强调威胁或敌对的态度。stare意为
“注视，凝视”，指目不转睛地盯着看。带有好奇、惊喜、
沉思或恐惧等感情，常有意或无意地带有贬义。例如：
He glanced at his watch and left in a hurry. 他看了看
表，然后匆忙离开了。
They didn't fight, but stood there glaring at each oth—
er. 他们没有打起来。但却站在那儿怒目而视。
"I'm going to get married." he said. I stared at him in
disbelief. “我要结婚了。”他说。我盯着他，难以置信。
【考例4】I only ____ at your work, but it seems to
be good.
A. glared B. glanced
C. stared D. gazed
[考查目标] 考查四个同义词的辨析与运用。
[答案与解析] B glance意为“一瞥，看一眼，粗略地看
一看”．指看的结果。glare意为“瞪视。凝视”，指愤怒
或威胁地凝视。强调威胁或敌对的态度。stare意为“注
视，凝视”．常有意或无意地带有贬义。gaze表示注意
力很集中。结合上下文的意思应该选B项。
【考点4】glance 的用法
▲搭配：glance at 匆匆一看；一瞥
▲辨析：glance; glare; stare
三词均与“看”有关，但glance意为“一瞥，看一眼，粗略
地看一看”。指看的结果。glare意为“瞪视，凝视”，指愤
怒或威胁地凝视，强调威胁或敌对的态度。stare意为
“注视，凝视”，指目不转睛地盯着看。带有好奇、惊喜、
沉思或恐惧等感情，常有意或无意地带有贬义。例如：
He glanced at his watch and left in a hurry. 他看了看
表，然后匆忙离开了。
They didn't fight, but stood there glaring at each oth—
er. 他们没有打起来。但却站在那儿怒目而视。
"I'm going to get married." he said. I stared at him in
disbelief. “我要结婚了。”他说。我盯着他，难以置信。
5. impress vt. 使留下印象，使感动
名词：impression
impress主要搭配有：
(1) impress sb. with sth. 或be impressed with / by
The girI impressed her friend with her sense of humor.
这女孩的幽默感给她的朋友留下深刻的印象。
All present were impressed with / by his noble need.
所有在场的人都被他的崇高行为感动。
(2) impress sth. on / upon sb.
Hetried to impress everything he had explained upon
us.
他试图要我们把他所解释的内容都记住。
(3) 名词用法
Hemade a strongimpression on me.
他给我留下很深的印象。
【考点5】impress 的用法
▲ 构词：impression n. 印象
▲ 搭配：
① be impressed with / by... 受感动
② impress sth on sb 让明白 (……重要性)
【考例5】(2003上海春招) The speech by the mayor of
Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 is
strongly impressed ____ my memory.
A. to B. over C. by D. on
[考查目标]考查动词 impress 与介词的搭配关系。
[答案与解析]D impress sth on sb.为一个固定短语，
意思为“让明白……重要性”。
【考点6】stick 的用法
▲ 搭配：
① stick to 坚持；粘住；固守
② be / get stuck 卡住；陷在中间；处于困境
10. invited“被吸引的，被引诱的”，是invite的过去分词。
invite v. 邀请；征求(意见等)；吸引；引起，招致(坏的
事物)
I invited all my relatives to my birthday party.
我邀请了所有的亲戚参加我的生日晚会。
Mter the speech, he invited questions and suggestions
from us.
讲完话之后，他征询我们的问题和意见。
The dishes look inviting.
这些菜看起来很诱人。
Leaving your car unlocked is just inviting trouble!
汽车不上锁纯粹是自找麻烦!
9. Man-made 人造的
由“名词 + 过去分词”构成，做定语修饰名词，表示被
动，如：a snow-covered mountain (大雪覆盖的山)。
表示被动做定语的构词还有“副词 + 过去分词”，如：
a newly-built house (一座新建的房子)。
另外，“名词 + 现在分词”做定语表示主动意义。如a
peace-loving people (一个爱好和平的民族)；
表示主动意义的还有“形容词 + 过去分词”，如：a
warm-hearted lady (一个热心的女士)
“形容词 + 现在分词”如：a easy-going girl (一个随和
的女孩)。
【考点2】sale 的用法
▲构词：
① salesgirl 女销售员
② salesboy 男销售员
③ salesman / saleswoman 售货员；推销员
▲ 搭配：
① on sale 在(削价)销售，(有货)售卖；上市
② for sale 待售，出售的
③ a sales manager / director 销售部经理／主任
④ sales tax 销售税
⑤ sales department 销售部；门市部
▲ 句型：sth enjoy / have a large / good sale = sth sell
well某物销路好；某物销量大；畅销
▲ 友情提示：sale作定语时需用复数形式sales。
【考例2】The old man has a three-bedroom and one-
diningroom house ____.
A. for sale B. for sales
C. on sales D. for sell
[考查目标] 考查短语的固定搭配。
[答案与解析] A “待售，出售的”的固定短语为 for
sale。
【考点3】stand的用法
▲ 搭配：
① stand for 代表；意味着，是……缩写；代替；象征；支
持
② stand out 显眼；醒目；突出；杰出，出色
③ stand by 袖手旁观；忠于坚守
④ stand up 起立，站起
⑤ stand up for 为某人／某事说话、工作等；支持某人／某
事
【考例3】Richard became quite angry by the time Hilda
turned up. He ____ in the rain for half an hour
waiting for her.
A. stopped B. has expected
C. has been sitting D. had stood
[考查目标] 考查动词在实际语境中的运用。
[答案与解析]D for 短语经常使用完成时态，先排除
A项；根据句子上下文中的意思“他一直站在雨中等她
使得他生气”。
3. stand vi. 竖立，位于 vt. 使站立，忍受
(1) 不及物用法
There stands an ancient in front of my house.
我的房子前面立着一棵古树。
The room has stood empty for months.
这间房间空了好几个月了。
注：stand后接形容词相当于stay / remain + adj. 用
法，表示主语处于一种状态。
(2) 及物用法
I can't stand being laughed at in public.
我不能忍受在公共场合被人讥笑。
He couldn't stand that old woman living next door; she
talked too much.
他不能忍受隔壁的老太太，她太唠叨了。
注：stand不用于被动语态和进行时态；与can / could
连用，后面常接名词、动名词。
【考点6】stick 的用法
▲ 搭配：
① stick to 坚持；粘住；固守
② be / get stuck 卡住；陷在中间；处于困境
【考例6】(2004湖北) Once a decision has been made,
all of us should ____ it.
A. direct to B. stick to
C. lead to D. refer to
[考查目标]考查短语在具体语境中的运用。
[答案与解析]B direct to表示“对准”；stick to 表示
“坚持”；lead to 表示“通向”；refer to 表示“参考”。结
合上下文应该表示坚持。
【考点7】disturb的用法
▲ 构词：distur bing adj. 烦扰的
▲ 辨析：disturb; interrupt
两词都是动词，含有“打扰”的意思，但disturb强调扰
乱、妨碍安静、平静或正常的秩序。而interrupt则强调
使工作、谈话等中断。例如：
The noise disturbs us day and night. 噪音日夜扰乱着我
们。
I'm sorry to interrupt but there is a phone call for you.
真对不起打扰你．有电话找你。
[牛刀小试1]
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(design, stick, feel, impress)
1. What ____ me most was the high speed of indus-
trial development in Shanghai.
2. The course is ____ to improve the students'
writing abilities in a short time.
3. The theory which he ____ to proved to be cor-
rect.
4. -- Do you like the material
-- Yes, it ____ very soft.
【短语归类】
【考点3】含 as 的动词短语
① experience...as = consider...as = look upon / on…as
= treat...as 把……认为是
② act as 担任；起……的作用
③ serve as 当，充当
④ work as 当，充当
⑤ use...as把……用作……
[例句] The theory is experienced as very advanced. 这
个理论被认为是非常高深的．
He acted as chairman in my absence. 我不在时他担任
主席。
He serves as a waiter in a restaurant. 他在一家餐馆里
当服务员。
【考例 3】Classroom testing, if well down, most certain—
ly ____ as a stimulus (刺激) to study and real
learning.
A. uses B. looks
C. acts D. does
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语动词的辨义问题。
[答案与解析]C 弄清题意。准确地判断空白处的意
义。题意是：课堂测试，如果做得好的话，一定会对学
习和真正的学习有刺激作用。也就是说，课堂测试可
以充当刺激。A项应该使用被动态，B、D两项则不能
和 as 构成搭配。
2. call up 打电话，唤醒，使人想起
The sound of seagulls called up his happy memories of
his childhood.
海鸥的叫声唤起他对童年的幸福的记忆。
Please call me up at five.
请五点叫醒我 (或：五点打电话给我)
已学与 call 常见的搭配还有：
call off (取消，挂断电话)
call at / on (拜访某地／某人)
call for (要求，来找某人)
call in (召集，召来)
【考点4】含 come into 的动词短语
① come into being 形成；产生
② come into effect / force 开始实施；生效
③ come into use / service 开始使用
④ come into power 开始执政；上台
⑤ come into view / sight 进入视线
⑥ come into fashion 开始流行
[例句] Romanticism didn't come into being until in the
late 18 century in Europe. 浪漫主义运动直到18世纪未
期才产生于欧洲。
The new seat-beh regulations came into effect last
week. 使用安全带的新规定于上周生效。
【考例4】 The church gate came into ____ as we
rounded the next corner.
A. being B. service
C. effect D. view
[考查目标] 此题主要考查动词搭配问题。
[答案与解析]D 题意：我们又拐了一个弯时，教堂的
大门映入了我们的眼帘。
4. go against 违反，违背(意愿、原则等)；对……不利
(无被动形式)
I'm not to go against my own family.
我不会背离我自己的家人的。
He was afraid that the hattie would go against them.
他害怕那场战斗会对他们不利。
6. keep out (of) 挡住，不让进
He closed the window t0 keep the wind out (of the
house).
他关上窗户不让风进来(进房子)。
The sign says "Keep out!"
牌子上写着：“请勿入内!”
类似用法：keep off 别碰，避开
You'd better keep off the sweet food.
你最好少吃甜食。
Keep offthe grass!
请勿践踏草地!
【考点 1】含look的短语
① look at 看待；考虑；检查
② look around / about 环顾
③ look up 查阅；仰视
④ look into 调查
⑤ look on 旁观
⑥ look back on 回顾，回想
⑦ look down upon / on 看不起；鄙视
⑧ look over 翻阅；复习；检查
⑨ look to 照顾；注意
⑩ look up to 尊敬
⑩ 1ook forward to 盼望；预计会有
⑥ look out for 提防；当心
⑩ look on / upon...as... 把……看作……
⑩ look like 看上去像
⑥ look for 寻找
⑩ look sb. up and down 上下打量某人
⑥ look after 照看；照料
⑩ look ahead 向前看
⑩ look out 小心：看外面
④ look through 浏览；检查
[例句] That's the way I look at it．那就是我看待这事的
方式。
When all the facts have been looked up, pass them on
to me. 所有事实查出后，转交给我。
The police are looking into the records of all those in—
volved in the crime. 警方正在调查所有涉嫌这起犯罪的
记录。
Looking back on it, one realizes that it was far from be—
ing a satisfactory conference. 回顾过去，人们会意识到
那不是一次成功的会议。
【考例1】In order to get a better solution. I think we'd
better ____ the question from all sides.
A. look out B. look up
C. look for D. look at
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语动词的搭配问题。
[答案与解析]D不同的介词或副词搭配，有不同的意
义。look out 查处，找出；当心，注意。look for 寻找。
7. send for 派人请，叫人拿
We sent for the document this morning.
我们今天上午派人去取这份文件。
-- Will somebody go and get Dr. White
有人去请怀特医生了吗
-- He's already been sent for.
已经派人去了。
与 send 的常见搭配有：
send off (发出) send up (发射) send out (发出)等。
8. set aside 把……放在一边；留出
He set aside his book and lit a cigarette.
他把书放在一边，点燃一支香烟。
Each month she tried to set aside part of her salary.
每月他都设法留出工资的一部分。
aside 其他常见用法还有：
stand aside (靠边站)
move aside (移到旁边)
put sth. aside for sb. (把某物留给某人)
【考点2】含 up 的动词短语
① call up 召唤；调动；使人想起；打电话给
② light up 照亮；变得高兴起来
③ fill up 填写；盛满
④ take up 占用；拿起；从事
⑤ pick up 拾起；接送；听到；学会
[例句] Your letter calls up the days when we worked
together in the countryside 20 years ago. 你的信使人想
起20年前我们在一起工作的日子。
Sue's face lighted up when she heard the good news. 听
到这个好消息时，苏流露出愉快的面容。
The room soon filled up with people. 房间里不久就挤
满了人。
She's taken up flower-decoration at evening classes. 她
在夜校学习插花。
【考例2】It has been raining harder and harder for quite
a few days. The village seemed to be in danger of being
flooded．Mr Smith decided to ____ all the young
men in the village to strengthen the river bank.
A. call in B. call up
C. call at D. call for
[考查目标] 此题主要考查动词辨义问题。
[答案与解析]B call in 召进，请进。call at (a place)
访问(某地)。call / or需要，去接。
【考点5】副词短语
① far from 完全不．远不
② next to 儿乎；仅次于
③ in a hurry 匆忙；很快地
[例句] The problem is far from (being) easy. 这个问题
完全不容易。
Papering the ceiling proved next to impossible without a
ladder. 用纸糊天花板没有梯子儿乎是不可能的。
She dressed herself in a hurry. 她匆匆地穿上衣服。
▲友情提示：far from 后可接名词、形容词，或 being +
形容词／名词。next to后常接一些否定词。
【考例5】I'm terribly sorry to tell you that your work is
far from ____.
A. satisfying B. a satisfaction
C. being satisfactory D. to satisfy
[考查目标] 此题主要考查 far from 的用法。
[答案与解析]C satisfaction 是不可教名词，前不可使
用a。from后不可接不定式。satisfying虽然意思与
satisfactory 相同，但常使用satisfactory，其中being经
常省略。
[牛刀小试2]
1. I can't tell you what it's worth, you nlust get an ex—
pert to ____ it.
A. look into B. look at
C. look up D. look out
2. Seeing its mother coming, the child was so happy
that its eyes ____ pleasure.
A. were lighted with
B. lit up for
C. lit up with
D. were lighted up for
3. As you can see, the mini-skirt comes into ____
again this year.
A. being B. effect
C. practice D. fashion
4. He repeats that he is telling the story as ____ by
himself at the time.
A. seeing B. to see
C. saw D. seen
5. the Chinese Revolution, ____ the Russian Rev—
olution, is the most important political event in
____ history.
A. next to; 不填 B. close to; the
C. up to; 不填 D. as to; the
☆词语比较☆
1. despite, in spite of, though, although, as
(1) despite, in spite of 尽管，不顾
despite, in spite of 是介词或介词短语，后面只能接名
词、代词或动名词。
He came to school despite his serious illness.
= He came to school in spite of his serious illness.
尽管他病得很重，他还去上学。
Despite / ln spite of the rain, we won't stop our work.
尽管下雨，我们也不会停止工作。
(2) though, although, as 尽管，虽然
though, although 为从属连词，一般接从句，也可接
分词；though 还可以用于倒装句，这种表达法相当于
as 表示“虽然”时的用法。
Although given enough time, he didn't finish the work
in time.
虽然给了他充分时间，他还是没有及时完成工作。
Seriously m thou曲he was, he went to school.
= Seriously ill as he was, he came to school.
注：though 还可以单独作副词用，意为“可是”、“然
而”，通常放句末，如：
The boy was injured. It was nothing much, though.
那个男孩子受伤了，不过并不重。
2. get through, go through, live through
get through 及物或不及物用法，意为：通过，完成，
接通 (电话)，渡过 (难关) 等。
(1) The line is busy, I can't get through.
电话线路忙，我打不通。
Have you got through your homework
你完成作业了吗
注：get through 后接 with 只有“完成”，没有“通过”的
意思，如：
I got through with the examination, but I didn't get
through.
我完成了考试，但没有通过。
(2) go through 及物用法，意为：穿过，仔细查看，浏
览，经历(苦难)
Go through the papers and find out useful information.
浏览一下这些报纸，找出有用的信息。
He went through untold hardship in the war.
战争中这位老人受尽了苦难。
(3) live through 经历，度过
The old man lived through two wars in life.
老人一生中经历了两次战争。
He possibly can't live through this winter.
他可能活不过这个冬天。
试比较：He can't possibly get through this winter.
他可能挨不过这个冬天。
☆句型诠释☆
1. I prefer living in a modern flat.
prefer 后可接不定式或动名词，意思区别不大，但搭
配不一样，分别为prefer to do...rather than do...；
prefer doing...to doing...
I prefer to stay home rather than go out.
= I prefer staying hometo going out.
prefer后面还可以接名词，如：
I prefer a double room to a single one.
我宁可住双人间也不住单人间。
2. I wouldn't feel happy living in a block of apartments.
住在一座公寓里我是不会感到高兴的。
句中现在分词短语 living in a block of apartments 在
句中作状语，表示一个非真实的情况：要是我住在一
座公寓楼里(实际上我没有住在公寓楼里)，有了这
么一个非真实的情况(条件)，所以句中使用了虚拟
语气 (wouldn't feel)。
Your wife wouldn't be pleased to hear you say so.
假如你妻子听到你说这些，她不会高兴的。(实际上
没听到)
The chickens can eat the food that we would otherwise
throw away．
这些鸡可以吃掉那些要不然会扔掉的食物。
(otherwise后为一个与现在事实相反的假设)
3. Every great culture or different period in the past has
its own ideas 0f beauty expressed in an and
architecture.
过去的每一种伟大的文化或每一个不同的时期都把
它自己的美学思想表现在艺术和建筑方面。
该句使用了have sth. done结构，其中过去分词在句
中作宾语补足语，表示被动的含义。have sth. done
可表示三种意思：
(1)“让某人去做某事”，此时have有“请，让”的意思
I had my hair cut only yesterday.
我昨天才理了发。(请人理发)
(2)“完成某事”。此时的have不含“请，让”的意思。
只强调“事情的完成”，不论是谁去完成，有可能是句
子主语，也可能是他人来完成。
I must have my homework finished before going out to
play.
在出去玩之前，我必须把作业做完。
I have your medicine prepared now.
我已经把你的药准备好了。
(3)“遭受某种情况”，往往是遭受不幸的事情。
He had his left leg injured in the accident.
他的左腿在事故中受伤了。
4. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered
by a gray net of steel, and it looks just like a bird's
nest made of tree branches.
从顶部看，体育馆好像是覆盖着一张灰色的钢网，就
像一个用树枝做成的鸟巢。
(1) 句中分别使用了过去分词 seen from...，made of
作状语和定语，表示被动逻辑关系。
Newly painted this morning, the house looks beautiful.
(状语)
今天上午刚油漆的，这房子显得漂亮。
What do youthink of the housemade of wood (定语)
你觉得这栋木结构的房子如何
(2) 句中也分别出现了look as if...，look like，意思相
近，但后面分别接从句和名词。
The building looks as if it is a round tower.
= The building looks like a round tower.
这座建筑看起来就像一座圆形的塔。
注：as if 后面可接虚拟语气，如：
Dressed in red, the woman looks as if she were ten
years youngerthan she is.
这位妇女穿红色衣服显得比实际年龄年轻了十岁。
5. A is to B what C is to B．
该句型的意思为“A 对于 B 就像 C 对于 D 一样(需
要)”，或“A 和 B 的关系就像 C 和 D 的关系” what引
导表语从句。
Water is to a fish what air is to a human being.
水对于鱼就像空气对人一样重要。
6. Besides, no matter how well a poem is translated,
something of the spirit of the original work is lost.
另外，一首诗尽管译得再好，都有可能丧失其原文
的部分精华。
no matter how = however引导让步状语从句，意为
“无论怎样”。
If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any
difficulty, no matter how (= however) great it is.
注：however 也可以作副词，表示转折，意为“然而”。
He promised to come. However, he changed his mind
before leaving.
他原先想来，可是出发前改变了主意。
7. More than any other form 0f literature, poetry plays
with sounds，words and grammar.
诗比其他任何一种文学形式都更加讲究发声、词汇
和语法的运用。
该句比较状语从句被置于句首，正常语序应为
Poetry plays with sounds, words and grammar more
than any other form of literature.
短语 plays with 常作“玩耍”解。
It is dangerous to play with fire here.
在这儿玩火很危险。
但 play with 也有“玩弄、摆弄”之意。
He pays much attention to playing with words in his
articles.
他的文章很注重词的使用。
8. Greatly loved in China are the English Romantic
poets.
倒装句，正常语序为The English Romantic poets are
greatly loved...，为了强调或句子平衡，通常把形容
词、副词、分词等提到句首。
Very exciting was the final game played here last
night.
昨天晚上在这儿举行的决赛很精彩。
【句型归纳】
【考点1】What words and phrases do you think will be
useful when you want to talk about art and architecture
当你想谈论艺术和建筑的时候。你认为什么词语是有
用的
该句中，要注意 do you think 的位置：疑问词 + do you
think / hope / believe / suppose / guess / say / consid—
er / imagine + 主语 + 谓语 例如：
Who do you think will come to see me 你认为谁会来
看我 (该句中，who是句子的主语)
回答时。不能用yes或no，只能根据疑问词回答。
注意对比：Do you know / ask / tell / know / realize /
make sure + 疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 例如：
Have you told him when we are going to the cinema 你
告诉了他我们什么时候要去看电影吗
Do you realize how serious the problem is 你意识到这
个问题的严重性了吗
回答时，首先要用 yes 或 no，然后再回答疑问词的问
题。
【考例 1】(1997上海)
-- I haven't heard from Henry for a long time.
-- What do you suppose ____ to him
A. was happening B. to happen
C. has happened D. had happened
[考查目标] 本题考查连锁疑问句的用法。
[答案与解析]C do you think 作为插入语，应该带一
个完整的句子。本句中。what是主语，那么它需要的是
谓语。选项A中的 was happening 为过去进行时，而
这句话问的是现在的情况；选项B为不定式．不能单独
作谓语；选项D中的 had happened 为过去完成时，跟
上句所提供的时态不统一；选项C中的has happened
符合本题时态。
【考点2】They are decorated with small round windows
that remind you of ships, bent roofs, and twenty-foot
high walls of glass that make them special when compared
with other architecture from the same period. 它们装饰
有使人联想到轮船的小圆窗，弯曲的屋顶。以及二十英
尺高的玻璃墙，这些玻璃墙使它们在与同期的其他建
筑相比时与众不同。
该句中，要注意when compared...这里使用的是省略手
法，原句应为when they are compared...。在英语中，如
果主句和从句的主语相同，从句谓语中含有be动词，此
时从句的主语和谓语中的be动词常省略。例如：
Don't talk while (you are) eating. 吃饭的时候不要讲
话。
Go to him for help when (it is) necessary. 有必要的
话，去找他帮忙。
【考例2】(2002上海春招) When ____, the museum
will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
[考查目标] 本题考查非谓语动词以及省略句的用法。
[答案与解析] A 该题从句使用了省略形式。省略了与
主句主语一致的主语the museum以及系动词is。选项
B、C、D都为非谓语动词。
【考点3】But whether buses or trains or boarding aero-
planes, there wasn't a door she'd get through. 然而不管
是汽车、火车还是飞机，没有一扇门她能进去。
该句中．要注意whether...or，表示“不管……还是
……”、“或者……或者……”。例如：
Whether we go to your place or stay here, we'll still
find something to eat. 不管是到你那去还是呆在这里，
我们都要找点东西吃。
Whether by accident or design, he broke the mirror on
the wall. 不管是偶然还是有意，总之他把墙上的镜子打
破了。
whether 和 if 都可表示“是否”．引导宾语从句时二者可
互换。但是下面几种情况只用whether：
① 引导主语从句时；
② 句子中有or not时；
③ 作介词宾语时；
④ 引导表语从句时；
⑤ 放在动词不定式之前，还可放在句首。例如：
I don't know whether to go or not. 我不知道去还是不
去。
【考例3】(NMET 1996) ____ we'll go camping to-
morrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether
C. That D. Where
[考查目标] 本题考查whether的复合结构用法。
[答案与解析]B 本题中，根据题义可以知道，需要填
一个主语从句的引导词。选项 A 中的 if 不能引导主
语从句；选项C中的 that 虽然可以引导主语从句，但跟
句子意思不符合；选项 D 中的 where 引导的是表示地
点的主语从句；只有选项 B 中的 whether 符合题意。
【考点4】Many large cities, such as Liverpool and New
York。have had experiments of this kind, with old fac-
tories turned into successful arts center. 许多像利物浦
和纽约这样的大城市也有过这样的实验，把旧厂房变
成了成功的艺术中心。
该句中，要注意 with 后面动词 turn into 的形式。这里，
介词 with 的后面只能用非谓语动词，turn into用了过
去分词形式，表示被动意义，用来对前面的factories一
词进行补充说明。例如：
A young man was brought in with his hands tied be-
hind. 一个双手反绑着的年轻人被带了进来。
With 的后面除了接过去分词以外，还可接形容词、副
词、介词短语、现在分词、动词不定式等，做其宾语补足
语。例如：
With him to help us, we will finish the work well. 有他
们帮忙，我们会提前完成工作的。
【考例4】(NMET 2000) ____ production up by
60％, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
[考查目标] 本题考查 with 复合结构的用法。
[答案与解析]C 本题中，production后为up，它是一
个副词，符合“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”这一结构。
选项 A 中的 as 是个连词．后面接句子；选项B中的 + for
不能放在句首且常用于连接一个表示原因的并列句；
选项 D 中的 through 表示通过，不能用于这种结构；故
只有选项 C 符合题意，表示“随着……”。
[牛刀小试3]
1. Unless ____ to speak，you should remain silent
at the conferenee. (2003上海春招)
A. invited B. to invite
C. invite D. inviting
2. ____ it ____ or not, I will go to attend the
conference on time.
A. If; rains B. Whether; rains
C. If; will rain D. Whether; will rain
3. When ____, water will turn into vapour.
A. heat B. to heat
C. heating D. heated
4. Not sure of ____ he will be admitted by the
high-quality middle school or not, he feels quite un-
easy.
A. when B. if
C. whether D. that
5. The new machine, if ____ properly, will work
for at least ten years.
A. use B. using
C. being used D. used
6. With a lot of difficult problems ____, the newly-
elected president is having a hard time. (2002 上海春招)
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle D. being settled
7. ____ you have seen both fighters, ____ will
win (1995 上海)
A. Since; do you think who
B. As; who you think
C. When; whoever
D. Since; who do you think
【交际速成】
【考点l】如何用英语表达个人的喜好或陈述个人的观
点
(2005名校示范卷)
-- Did you blame Tom for his absence from the lecture
-- Yes, but ____ it.
A. I'd rather not have done
B. I'd better not do
C. I'd rather not did
D. I'm glad I have done
[答案与解析]A 这道题属于陈述个人观点，当然，根
据上下文我们得知说话人还心存后悔之意，根据第一
句问话“你因为汤姆听课迟到的事儿责备了他吗 ”答
句是肯定了“责备”一事，接着语气一转(用了but)，就
暗示出后悔“责备”之事，故正确答案是选项A。“I'd
rather not have done.”的意思是：我宁愿没有这样做
(即责备汤姆)。
【归纳】在英语中用来表达个人的喜好或陈述个人观点
的还有很多，例如：
① I'd rather...
② In my opinion,...
③ I really prefer...
④ I can't stand...
⑤ I'm not very interested in...
⑥ What I like is...例如：
I really prefer to stay at home in such weather. 像这样
的天气状况，我宁可呆在家里。
【考点2】怎样用英语表达自己的主观意愿和打算
(NMET 2001)
-- Good morning, Grand Hotel.
-- Hello, I'd like to book a room for the nights of the
18th and 19th.
-- ____.
A. What can I do for you
B. Just a minute, please.
C. What's the matter
D. At your service.
[答案与解析]B 这道题考查的是酒店英语。根据上
下文可知，顾客想订两天的房。酒店服务员的回答只
能是B项“请等一下。”，而不是：A项“你想要什么 ”。
因为顾客已经表示了想订房；C项“出什么事了 ”这句
一般用于看病或出事故；D项“随时为你服务”。故只
有B项正确。
【归纳】常见的表达主观意愿和打算的方式还有：
① I'm interested to...but...
② I'd like to...
③ I hope to find.-.
④ I'm glad that...
⑤ I don't know much about...
⑥ I think I might want to...例如：
-- I like to read poems about nature. 我想读有关大自
然方面的诗歌。
-- why are you interested to read such poems 你为什
么想读这种诗歌
[牛刀小试4]
1. -- I'd rather you
-- ____ I really did not.
A. did; Pity B. have done; It is a pity
C. had done; Pity D. do; A pity
2. -- Do you mind if 1 open the window
-- ____ I feel a bit cold. (2004 广东)
A. Of course not. B. I'd rather you didn't.
C. Go ahead. D. Why not
3.-- What do you want to do next We have half an
hour until the basketball game.
-- ____. Whatever you want to do is fine with
me. (2004 浙江)
A. It just depends B. It's up to you
C. All right D. Glad to hear that
4.-- Shall we go skating or stay at home
-- Which ____ do yourself (NMET 1992)
A. do you rather B. would you rather
C. will you rather D. should you rather
☆精典题例☆
( )1. Modern plastics can ____ very high and very
low temperatures．(2005山东)
A. stand B. hold
C. carry D. support
【解析】选A 句意为“承受高温或低温”，故选stand。
( )2. When ____, the museum will be open to the
public next year.
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
【解析】选A 该题从句使用了省略形式，省略了与
主句主语一致的主语 the museum 和系动词 is。在时间状
语从句和条件状语从句中，若从句主语与主句主语一致，
同时从句谓语动词又含有系动词be，常可省略从句主语
与系动词be．．
( )3. This is an illness that can result in total blindness
if ____.
A. leaving untreated B. left untreated
C. leaving to untreat D. left untreating
【解析】选B if后的逻辑关系是：这种病被忽视未被
治疗，表示被动关系，通过两个分词left和untreated表示。
完整句子为：if it is left untreated，分词作非谓语动词可带
连词。
( )4. The manager decided to give the job to ____ he
believe had a strong sense of duty.
A. whoever B. whomever
C. who D. no matter who
【解析】选A whoever引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾
语。但同时又做主句的主语，不能用whomever；而no
matter who 引导让步状语从句，所以也不能用。
( )5. ____ nice，the fcxxt was sold out soon.
A. Tasted B. Tasting
C. To taste D. Being taste
【解析】选B 系动词，作不及物动词用，无被动语
态。所以不能用过去分词．而用现在分词，tasting nice做
原因状语。
( )6. In the dark forests ____, some large enough to
hold several English towns. (2005 辽宁)
A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes
C. many lakes lie D. many laks stand
【解析】选B 该句倒装，主语是lakes，不及物动词
stand，lie均可用来表达“位于”，但stand意为“站立，屹
立”，用于立体物体；lie为“躺，卧”，相对于平面而言。
( )7. The scientists my the plant's ____ in this area
was a terrible sign ofthe worse environment.
A. introduetion B. absence
C. presence D. appearance
【解析】选B 全句意为“这个地区这种植物的消失
是环境恶化的一种迹象”。
( )8. -- Will $200 ____
-- I'm afraid not. We need at least 50 more
dollars.
A. count B. satisfy
C. fit D. do
【解析】选D 问句意为“200美元可行吗 ”do可作
不及物动词，作“行，可以”解，表示对莱一事实的认可。fit
意为“吻合”，不是抽象意义的“合适”。
( )9. The key doesn't ____ the lock.
A. fit B. fit for
C. fit to D. fit with
【解析】选A 此处应作及物动词用，意为“这把钥匙
不是配这把锁的”，不及物用法应为fit in with，形容词用
法应是be fit for 或 be fit to do...。
( )10. You don't look well recently. Try to ____
strong wine.
A. keep off B. keep out
C. keep out of D. keep up
【解析】选A keep off意为“别碰，远离”，句意是“身
体不好，不要喝烈酒”；keep up意为“坚持，保持”；keep out
(of)意为“不让……进来”。
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