unit 1 great scientists 全单元 (浙江省宁波市鄞县)

课件63张PPT。Unit 1 Great ScientistsZhe Jiang Ning Bo Yin Zhou Zheng Shi High School
Wang YongCan you name some
famous scientists as well as
their discoveries or
achievements?
Shared characteristicsLin QiaozhiIsaac NewtonAlbert EinsteinSteven HawkingNelson MandelaYuan Longpinggenerous, determined, strong-willed, open, easy-going, talented, ambitious, hard-working, helpful, powerful, outgoing, serious, intelligent, creative…….It takes a scientist a long time to try out an new idea because they have to spend much time doing experiments. Then they have to prove that their theory or discovery is correct so that people can accept their new ideas. Do you think how to prove a new idea in scientific research?draw a conclusion, think of a method,
collect results, make up a question,
find a problem, analyse the results,
find supporting evidence repeat if necessary1
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8Find a problemMake up a questionThink of a methodCollect resultAnalyse resultFind supporting evidenceDrew a conclusionRepeat if necesaryA brief introduction of cholera
Broad StreetKing Cholera is an usurper, and filth is treason!Bacteria of choleraHow does the virus/ germ come into people’s body?John Snow
( 1813~ 1858)
Englishman Find out the main idea (or topic sentence) of each paragraph:John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to solve cholera.He got interested in two theories explaining…He needed to prove the second theory was correct.He found out that dirty water was the
cause of choleraPara. 1Para. 2Para. 3Para. 4Para. 5Para. 6Polluted water carried the diseaseFinally “King Cholera” was defeatedReading
What’s the main idea of the passage?
John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
The cause of Cholera was polluted water.
The source of all drinking water should be examined.
How did John Snow collect, analyze data and find the cause of the disease and solved it .1
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8Find a problemMake up a questionThink of a methodCollect resultAnalyse resultFinding support evidenceDrew a conclusionWhat caused cholera?Which theory is correct?Collect data on those who fell ill or die and where they lived.Plot information on a map to find out where people died or not diedFind out where they got their water. Analyse the water to see if it’s he cause of the deaths.Repeat if necessaryFind other evidence to support the analysisIt was certain that polluted water carried the disease. The source of all drinking water should be examinedNot necessary int his experiment as the conclusion is clear.P1P2P3P4P5P6P7Nobody knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera.Strange cloud in the air that attacked people
People absorbed the disease with their mealsCollect date from the next cholera attack to test the two theories, try to prove which method was correctHe found that the deaths around the Broad Street pump and the supporting evidence shoed that cholera was caused by the polluted waterIdea 2 because there was a connection between the drinking water and the deathsJohn Snow was able to show that cholera could be defeated now that its cause was known.Cholera was 19th century disease, which two diseases are similar to cholera today ? Why ? SARS , Bird Flu and AIDS. They are all very serious, have unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give a reason.You often do some experiments in school. Try to think of an experiment you have carried out and fill in the information from your own experiment under the same headings.1
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8Find a problemMake up a questionThink of a methodCollect resultAnalyse resultFinding support evidenceDrew a conclusionRepeat if necessaryConclude:He concluded his speech with some amusing remarks.
He concluded that the theory was not correct.Conclusion:make / draw / come to / arrive at a conclusion that…The meeting came to a conclusion at 3 pm.bring…to a conclusionJohn Snow was a well-known doctor in London---so famous, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the most deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood. So may thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. So John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to solve the problem. He knew it would never be controlled until its caused was found.cure sb. of…
an effective cure for…an outbreak of…attend:She was so ill that she didn’t attend classes yesterday.She has two nurse attending (on/upon) her.Attend carefully to what she is saying.
You must attend to your work.expose:expose…to…不要让皮肤直接暴晒在阳光下．
你让小孩在街上玩耍，使他随时有可能遭遇到危险．
那量自行车放在户外任由风吹雨打．You are exposing your child to possible dangers by letting him playing in the street.He left the bicycle ___________to the wind and rain outside.exposedexposureExposure to the cold wind left my face feeling dry.Control:Have …control of / over…
Beyond control
In control of…
In the control of…
Lose control of…
Out of control of …
Take control of…
Under controlThe government controls the price of rice.He couldn’t control himself.
Control one’s anger…The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected people was dead.Black cloth absorbs lights.The job absorbed all his energies.He was absorbed in the book.___________ in the question, he almost knocked into the tree.Absorbed affect sb with… be infected with….When another outbreak hit London in 1854, John Snow was ready to test these two theories.
The cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in ten days.
The map gave a valuable clue to (about) the cause of the disease.
It seemed the water was to blame.Blame sb for…Blame sb for…/ blame sth. on sb.Be to blame for…Take the blame
Put/lay the blame on sb.我认为你这样做是情有可原的．
你是否将这个意外归罪于他呢？
水该为这次失败负责呢？
他将考试失败归罪于老师是愚蠢的．John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He fond that it came from the river, which had been polluted by the dirty water from London. Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove he handle from the water pump so it could not be used. Soon the disease began to slow down. John Snow had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In addition, he found two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak….With this extra evidence, John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease.toannounce sth to sb// announce to sb that…Make an announcement that…To prevent this from happening again, John suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.Our team defeated our opponent by 5-0.
Lack of money defeated my plan.Suffer a defeat Win a victoryInstruct sb to do…
Instruct sb that…What scientific job will you my choose in the future?What job do you want to do?
What personality will you need?
What work experience will be useful?
What education will you need?
How long will the training take?
How will you prepare for the career?Qian Xuesen
A great Chinese scientist
Father of the Chinese space programSteve wants o be an _____________ and he wishes he could visit ____________ one day. Yu Ping also likes to work in _______________ and be a _______________ like Qian Yusen.
Qian Yusen first studied at university to be __________________. Later he was ___________ enough to go to America to ___________________________.
There was no work on _________________ before Qian began his _______________ in China to __________________________ to go into space. And he ___________________ the first spaceflight by _____________________________.
Steve thinks landing on Mars would be _________________. And he would put ______________________ on Mars to show how much he ______________ his work.astronomerMarsspace industryrocket scientistan engineerluckystudy for his doctor’s degreespace rocketsinstitutedesign and build rocketslooked forward to a Chinese astronautsomething special Qian Xuesen’s pictureadmires1. He studied to be an engineer.2.He began to work on space rockets so that he was able to develop a space program when he came back to China.3. He set up a Space Institute to begin raining people in how to design and build rockets .4. He has been honored as the father of the space program. 5. Steve suggested putting Qian’s picture on Mars when the first Chinese astronaut lands there.People all have different interests . And here there is a student named Robert Briggs, who is very interested in biology especially in the study of plants. Now he is telling his friends ZhangWei some exciting news . Listen to their dialogue and finish the questions on Page 41.As is known , the earth goes around the sun.But what did people think of it years ago?Nicolaus
CopernicusThe different conclusions Copernicus and the Christian Church reached:The problem found at that time:Copernicus’ revolutionary theory:The importance of his theory:Read the find out the two theories:Before Copernicus’ theory:Showing Copernicus’ theory:The solar system with the earth at its centerThe solar system with the sun at its center.What problems were found by astronauts at that time?
What conclusion can you get from the problems?Can you explain the reason why they had such observed such phenomena (现象）？How did Copernicus deal with his new theory at that time?If you were him, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? Give a reason.Why do we say Copernicus’ theory is very important?Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the center of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in eh sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such as idea.Copernicus has thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer…So between 1510-1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. …He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went around the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautions. He only published it as he lay dying in 1543.be enthusiastic about…be cautious of / about The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Newton, Einstein and Hawking.We have learned about many great scientists in the book. Would please choose one of the scientists to talk about their life and work. Explain their achievements, their work and their character. Talk about how they achieved their success. Was it because of his talent, intelligence, hard work, persistence, confidence, curiosity, enthusiasm or luck? The scientist you admire most
Nationality Birth
The family Education
Achievements character拓扑学的英文名是Topology，直译是地志学，也就是和研究地形、地貌相类似的有关学科。几何拓扑学是十九世纪形成的一门数学分支，它属于几何学的范畴。有关拓扑学的一些内容早在十八世纪就出现了。那时候发现一些孤立的问题，后来在拓扑学的形成中占着重要的地位。在数学上，关于哥尼斯堡七桥问题、多面体的欧拉定理、四色问题等都是拓扑学发展史的重要问题。TopologyLeonhard
Euler(April 15, 1707 – September 18 1783) was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist , who made enormous contributions to a wide range of mathematics and physics Euler was a famous mathematician in the 18th century. He ____________________all the pure mathematics that was known in his day.
He ___________ a lot of _________ into mathematics such as the _____________ for pi. He was the first to use the ___________sin and cosin. And he did half of the work when he was ___________.
Topology is a new _____________ of mathematics. It is a form of ________________that helps you understand things by ____________________________________.revised and analyzedintroucedsymbolssymboltermsblindbranchgeometryturning them into diagramsPi, sin, cosinRevised and analyzed all maths of his day.topologyIntroduced a lot of symbols into maths, wrote more books than anyone beforeRead the passage to understand how Euler reached his conclusion sep by step:What problems did Euler find in he city of Konigsberg?ABCDA,B,C,D are four points where some lines join together. The curved lines stand for how you go over the bridges. ABCDA,B,C and D are all odd points because 3 or 5 lines join together on the points.Euler took away one bridge to see whether it was possible to cross the bridges without going over any of them twice. Now please recount the lines going to points A, B , C and D.ACDBACDBNow Points B and D are called even numbers because two and four lines join together on the points. While A and C are called odd points with three lines joining together.Now Euler found it was possible for him to go over all the bridges to going over any of them twice. Would you please have a try yourself?After the research, he found the key of the problem: The number of odd points.Then he reached his conclusion:If a figure has more than two odd points, you can not go over it without lifting your pencil from the page or going over a line twice.His study later started a whole new branch of mathematics called topology. And this puzzle is called finding the Euler path.Now please use what you have learned to solve the problems on page 46.He wanted to know why this would not work.
go over
join together
curved lines
odd/even number
the key to sth/ doing…
be overjoyed at…
a branch of…
in one’s honor