初中英语中考专项训练之中考单项选择篇[上下学期通用]

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名称 初中英语中考专项训练之中考单项选择篇[上下学期通用]
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更新时间 2008-03-06 09:55:00

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资料名称:初中英语中考专项训练之中考单项选择篇
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来 源:我爱课件中心(http://www.)
内容简介:该试卷包含解题思路,由三部分构成,第一章 解题技巧:主要讲解题型特点与解题方法和技巧,同时有相关题目例证,第二章 专项突破:通过各个专项语言点解析中考方向,第三章 实战演练:通过50个实战试卷锻炼学生实战能力。所有题目均含有答案及详细解析说明。整个资料一共176页,是不可多得的提高学生做完型填空题能力的资料。
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内容预览:第一章 解题技巧
考查目标
  “单项选择”历来是中考、高考、会考、竞赛等必考题型之一。内容包罗万象,应有尽有。词汇、语法、固定搭配、日常用语及英语文化背景知识等均在考查范围之列。分值一般在15—20分。考查内容主要有三大块。
  一、词汇
  名词的单复数、所有格;形容词副词的等级变化及用法;人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和不定代词的用法;动词的-ing形式、过去式、过去分词等的变化规则;冠词,介词,数词,连词等的用法;短语动词和习惯用语的用法;近义词(如look, see, watch; borrow, lend, keep; take, bring, carry等)的不同用法等。
  二、语法
  简单句的肯定式、否定式和疑问式;各种语法词形变化;从句的种类及作用(状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句);五种常用时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时)的主要用法和过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时的基本用法;动词不定式和被动语态的基本用法;主谓一致及常用固定句型等。
  三、交际用语
  日常交际用语,如感谢、问候、道歉及应答、谈论天气、购物、问路、询问时间和日期、就餐、打电话、看病以及常见标志和说明等。
  命题动态
  一、寓品德教育于英语考查之中——考考你的道德修养。
  1. No matter how hard it is, we’ll keep ______ until we make it. (2003辽宁)
  A. failedB. failingC. triedD. trying
  如果你是个知难而上的人,答案显而易见。(D)
  2. The teacher told her students ______ in public.(2003黑龙江)
  A. not to shoutB. didn’t shoutC. not shoutD. to not shout
  不仅考查英语知识(tell sb. not to do sth.叫某人不要做某事),还要考考文明礼貌。(A)
  二、融时事热点于英语试题之中——是否两耳不闻窗外事?
  1. They have searched the ______ for 3 hours for the information about the Canon camera.(2003辽宁)
  A. TVB. radioC. puter
  信息时代,互联网你会用吗?(C)
  2. Eating ______ and doing more sport are good ways to keep SARS away from us. (2003大连)
  A. earlyB. quicklyC. healthilyD. hardly
  要健康,从健康饮食开始。(C)
  三、英语试题知识多元化——考考你的综合运用能力。
  1. Which is the smallest number of the four (2003河南)
  A. Two-thirdsB. A halfC. A quarterD. Three-fourths
  你会用英语表示分数吗?(C)
  2. Two minors are placed right angles(直角)to each other, ...课件中心精品资料 www. 找精品资料 到课件中心
初中英语中考专项训练之中考单项选择篇
第一章 解题技巧
考查目标
  “单项选择”历来是中考、高考、会考、竞赛等必考题型之一。内容包罗万象,应有尽有。词汇、语法、固定搭配、日常用语及英语文化背景知识等均在考查范围之列。分值一般在15—20分。考查内容主要有三大块。
  一、词汇
  名词的单复数、所有格;形容词副词的等级变化及用法;人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和不定代词的用法;动词的-ing形式、过去式、过去分词等的变化规则;冠词,介词,数词,连词等的用法;短语动词和习惯用语的用法;近义词(如look, see, watch; borrow, lend, keep; take, bring, carry等)的不同用法等。
  二、语法
  简单句的肯定式、否定式和疑问式;各种语法词形变化;从句的种类及作用(状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句);五种常用时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时)的主要用法和过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时的基本用法;动词不定式和被动语态的基本用法;主谓一致及常用固定句型等。
  三、交际用语
  日常交际用语,如感谢、问候、道歉及应答、谈论天气、购物、问路、询问时间和日期、就餐、打电话、看病以及常见标志和说明等。
  命题动态
  一、寓品德教育于英语考查之中——考考你的道德修养。
  1. No matter how hard it is, we’ll keep ______ until we make it. (2003辽宁)
  A. failedB. failingC. triedD. trying
  如果你是个知难而上的人,答案显而易见。(D)
  2. The teacher told her students ______ in public.(2003黑龙江)
  A. not to shoutB. didn’t shoutC. not shoutD. to not shout
  不仅考查英语知识(tell sb. not to do sth.叫某人不要做某事),还要考考文明礼貌。(A)
  二、融时事热点于英语试题之中——是否两耳不闻窗外事?
  1. They have searched the ______ for 3 hours for the information about the Canon camera.(2003辽宁)
  A. TVB. radioC. puter
  信息时代,互联网你会用吗?(C)
  2. Eating ______ and doing more sport are good ways to keep SARS away from us. (2003大连)
  A. earlyB. quicklyC. healthilyD. hardly
  要健康,从健康饮食开始。(C)
  三、英语试题知识多元化——考考你的综合运用能力。
  1. Which is the smallest number of the four (2003河南)
  A. Two-thirdsB. A halfC. A quarterD. Three-fourths
  你会用英语表示分数吗?(C)
  2. Two minors are placed right angles(直角)to each other, and a clock is put in front of the mirror like the picture. The clock is placed facing the mirror like the picture. A person standing in front of the other mirror will see the time is .(2003山东烟台)
  A. 2:35 B. 9:25 C. 11:20 D. 5:50
  光学知识派上用场。(A)
  3. Which of the following does paper burn in (2003山东潍坊)
  A. CO2B. N2C. O2D. H2
  化学常识如何?纸只有在氧气中才能燃烧。(C)
  4. When was the PRC founded It was founded on ______.(2003兰州)
  A. July 1, 1921B. October 1, 1949
  C. August 1, 1927D. May 1, 1922
  历史知识如何?新中国成立的时间你该不会不知道吧?(B)
  5. Shanghai lies ______ the east of China.(2003河南)
  A. toB. inC. onD. at
  地理知识怎么样?上海位于祖国的什么位置?(B)
  四、中西文化差异现身英语试题——英美文化背景知识知多少?
  1. English people ______ use Mr. before a man’s first name.(2003河南)
  A. neverB. usuallyC. often D. sometimes
  Mr.要用在family name前。(A)
  2. —You look so nice in your new skirt. (2003哈尔滨)
  —______.
  A. Oh, noB. Not at all C. I don’t think soD. Thank you
  别人夸奖、赞赏,英美人表示感谢,而不像我们要谦虚一番。(D)
  五、常见标志试题中出现——你日常生活中可曾见?
  解题技巧
  一、认真审题,切勿草率。
  1. She’s told the news, ______ she
  A. isn’t B. hasn’tC. doesn’tD. does
  答案是A。这是个一般现在时的被动语态句子,即“她被告知那个消息”。如不认真审题,就会把she’s told the news看作是现在完成时态的主动语态,而误选B。
  2. Sheep ______ white and milk ______ also white.
  A. is; are B. are; is C. is; isD. are; are
  答案是B。sheep是复数,作主语谓语动词亦用复数式are; milk是不可数名词,作主语谓语动词用单数is。因为sheep单复数同形,如不认真审题,就会误选C。
  二、注意固定搭配和习惯用法
  1. I will have my radio ______ tomorrow.
  A. repairingB. repairedC. to repairD. repair
  答案是B。“have +名词(代词)+ 过去分词”是惯用法,表示“请或让某人做某事”,但不说明到底是请谁做。如果要具体说明“请谁做某事”,要用ask sb. to do sth. 或tell sb. to do sth. 如表示“我将请李平修理收音机”是I’ll ask Li Ping to repair my radio.
  2. The students enjoy ______ after school every day.
  A. playB. to play basketballC. playing basketballD. for playing basketball
  答案是C。enjoy doing something“喜爱做某事”是固定搭配,不可说enjoy to do something。类似结构还有finish doing something, stop doing something等。这类固定搭配不能任意改动,在平时学习中要注意归纳与积累。
  3. This report is well worth ______.
  A. listenB. listen toC. listenD. listening to
  答案是D。be worth doing是固定搭配,表示“……值得(做)”。类似结构还有be busy doing等。
  4. By the way, what makes you ______ I came from Paris
  A. thinkB. to think C. thoughtD. thinking
  答案是A。make somebody do something表示“使某人做某事”。make后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。这种用法的动词还有let, see, hear, feel, find等。如:Let me hear you play.
  三、联系上下文, 捕捉暗示信息。
  1. “Help ______ to some chicken, ” Mum said to our guest.
  A. yourselfB. youC. yoursD. yourselves
  答案是A。从语法角度看,A和D都讲得通,但从Mum said to our guest, 我们可以确定help后应接单数yourself, 而不是复数yourselves.
  2. Jack has ______ friends. He has to stay at home and play by himself.
  A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few
  答案是C。这道题首先排除A和B,因friends是可数名词。C和D都可以修饰可数名词friends, 但从下文He has to stay at home and play by himself.(他只好呆在家里独自玩。)可知,Jack has few friends. “几乎没有朋友”。
  3. I’m ______ the children because it’s time for lunch.
  A. looking at B. looking upC. looking forD. looking after
  答案是C。如果不看从句because it’s time for lunch, 则A、C和D都可以讲得通。但通读全句就会发现只有C是惟一答案。“我在找孩子们,因为该吃午饭了。”
  4. When I got to the cinema, the film ______ for five minutes.
  A. has begunB. has been onC. has begunD. had been on
  答案是D。“我到电影院时,电影已开映5分钟了。”①根据从句确定主句应用过去完成时,因主句动作是在从句所表示的过去动作之前发生的; ②根据for five minutes这一时间状语排除A而选择D。因begin是瞬间性动词,表示转瞬即逝的动作,不能与for 等表示一段时间的状语连用,但可用能表示延续意义的be on短语来表示动作正在进行中。
  5. If you knock into someone, you should say “ ______ ”.
  A. Hello B. Never mind C. I’m sorry D. Nothing
  答案是C。你撞了人,理当道歉。
  四、具体问题具体分析,不要生搬硬套语法规则。
  1. Would you give me ______ water
  A. anyB. someC. otherD. no
  答案是B。此题易误选A。原因是“any用于疑问句和否定句”这一语法规则在我们脑子里已“根深蒂固”了。殊不知,当问话人期望对方能对自己的问题给予肯定回答时,用some 而不用any。又如: “Shall I get some chalk ” “Yes, please.”
  2. We’ll go to the park if it ______ tomorrow.
  A. is rainingB. doesn’t rainC. will rainD. won’t rain
  答案是B。此题易受时态一致原则的影响而误选D。在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句是一般将来时或含有将来的意味,从句则用一般现在时,而不用一般将来时。又如Come to see me if you have time. I’ll give it to him as soon as he comes back.
  3. She never tells a lie, ______
  A. does sheB. doesn’t sheC. does not sheD. does it
  答案是A。此题易误选B。反意疑问句的构成规则是“肯定的陈述+否定的疑问”或“否定的陈述+肯定的疑问。”当陈述部分含有never, hardly, seldom(很少,不经常)等表示否定意义的词时,其附加疑问部分则要用肯定形式。
  4. They told the children that summer ______ after spring.
  A. comes B. comeC. cameD. has come
  答案是A。此题易误选C。如果按时态一致的原则,可选C。但此题不能依据这一原则。原因是summer comes after spring 是客观事实。如果从句是表示客观事实或科学真理的,则要用一般现在时。
  5. This happened ______ the night of March 4, 1980.
  A. inB. onC. to D. at
  答案是B。此题易误选D。“在晚上”是at night, “在傍晚”是in the evening。 on the night of ...则表示“在具体某天的晚上。”
  五、符合语法,但不能有悖于事实和情理。
  1. “The Changjiang River isn’t the longest river in China, is it ” “ ______ ”.
  A. Yes, it is B. No, it isn’tC. No, it isD. Yes, it isn’t
  答案是A。此题易受汉语影响而误选C。B虽符合语法,但与事实相悖。因为长江是中国最长的河流。
  2. Rose is ______ to answer the question correctly.
  A. enough cleverB. too cleverC. very cleverD. clever enough
  答案是D。B是符合语法,但不符合逻辑。“罗斯太聪明了,不能正确回答这个问题。”怎么可能呢?显然是矛盾的。
  3. You’d better ______ your coat. It’s cold here.
  A. put onB. put up C. take downD. take off
  答案是A。“这儿冷,你最好穿上大衣。”D虽符合语法,但不合乎情理。
  4. Bob’s wife thought Bob ______ the wallet, so she brought it over to him.
  A. will needB. won’t needC. would needD. wouldn’t need
  答案是C。D也符合语法,但不合乎逻辑。试想,如果鲍勃的妻子以为鲍勃“用不着”钱包,那么又为什么她还把钱包给他送来呢?
  六、注意中西文化差异,切忌汉语式英语。
  1. —How beautiful your drawing is!
  —______.
  A. I don’t think soB. Thank you very much
  C. No, it isn’t beautifulD. Please don’t say so.
  答案是B。别人对你夸奖,赞美,理应表示感谢。此题易受汉语影响,而误选C。A、D的说法汉语也是常见的。不符合英语语言习惯。
  2. — You’ve given us a wonderful Chinese dinner, Mr. Huang.
  —______
  A. Oh, I’m afraid I didn’t cook well.B. I’m glad you enjoyed it.
  C. It’s not necessary for you to say so.D. It doesn’t matter.
  答案是B。A、C两项很明显是汉语式英语,因为中国人一向谦虚,但不符合英美人表达习惯。D项是对对方表示感谢或道歉时的答语,在此不符题意。近几年来各地中考试题常涉及到考查中西方文化差异的背景知识。做此类题时一定要遵循英美文化习俗。
  七、注意学科渗透,巧解常识试题。
  1. If H2 burns(燃烧)in O2, we can get ______ .
  A. H2B. H2OC. O2D. H2O2
  答案是B。 根据有关化学知识可知,H2(氢气)在O2(氧气)中燃烧会产生H2O(水)。
  2. Last month, students had to have their lessons by Internet ______ because of SARS.
  A. on the playground B. at homeC. in the streetD. near the hospital
  答案是B。如果仅从语法角度来看,该题四个选项都符合要求。但如联系到“非典”这一“非常”时期,就不难找出正确选项B。
  3. Look at the picture first. If country A is experiencing summer, what is the season in country B
  A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Autumn D. Winter.
  答案是D。会看地球仪吗?当北半球是夏季,南半球是什么季节?
  答案分别是BDA。平时要留心那些用英语写的广告、海报、产品说明书以及日常生活中所能接触到的英文标识、标志、告示等,以积累这方面的知识。
  近年来很多省市中考试卷中频频出现与学生生活密切相关,反映社会热点,跨学科的新新试题,考查学生利用所学知识,综合分析问题、解决问题的能力。
第二章 专项突破
第二节名 词
考点透视
  一、可数名词与不可数名词
  1.名词的复数构成规则
  ① 一般在词尾直接加-s。如desk —desks , map—maps , pencil—pencils, question—questions, letter—letters。
  ② 以字母s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es。如bus—buses, thermos—thermoses, class—classes, glass—glasses, box—boxes, brush—brushes, wish—wishes, match—matches, sandwich—sandwiches, watch—watches。但stomach—stomachs等。 
  ③ 以字母f, fe结尾的名词,把f, fe变为v, 再加-es。如half—halves, leaf—leaves, self—selves, shelf—shelves, knife—knives, life—lives, thief—thieves, wife—wives。
  ④ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i, 再加-es。如city—cities, baby—babies, factory—factories。但是Mary—Marys, Henery —Henerys, Germany—Germanys等专有名词则直接加-s。
  ⑤ 以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词加-es。如zero—zeroes, tomato—tomatoes, potato—potatoes, hero—heroes。但不少以o结尾的外来词变复数时只加-s。如radio—radios, photo—photos, piano—pianos, zoo—zoos等。
  ⑥ 字母、数字、符号及单词的复数形式通常在词尾加 -’s, 以免引起误解。
  There are three e’s in the word “temperature”.“温度”这个单词中有三个字母e。
  He’s got four 5’s. 他得了四个五分。
  There are five and’s in this sentence. 这个句子中有五个and。
  2.不规则变化
  man—men, woman—women, Englishman—Englishmen, Frenchman—Frenchmen, policeman—policemen; 但German—Germans, Norman—Normans二词则直接加-s。常见的不可数名词还有foot—feet, tooth—teeth , (但noodle—noodles),child—children, mouse—mice等。
  3.单复数形式相同的名词
  ① a sheep—two sheep, a deer—three deer
  ② 以-ese或-ss结尾的表示“某国人”的名词,单复数形式相同。
  a Chinese—two Chinese, a Japanese—three Japanese, a Swiss—four Swiss
  但是,下面表示“某国人”的名词变复数需加-s。
  America—Americans, Asian—Asians, Australian—Australians, European—Europeans, Greek—Greeks, Arab—Arabs, Hungarian—Hungarians
  4.只有复数形式的名词
  trousers(裤子),glasses(眼镜),thanks(感谢),clothes(衣服),goods(货物),compasses(圆规),stairs(楼梯),people(人们),chopsticks(筷子)
  这些名词在句中作复数使用,谓语动词和代词均用复数形式。
  5.常见的不可数名词
  air(空气) beef(牛肉) bread(面包) chalk(粉笔)coal(煤) coffee(咖啡) cotton(棉花) fish(鱼) food(事物) fruit(水果)hair(头发) health(健康) homework(家庭作业) housework(家务) ice(冰)meat(肉) metal(金属) milk(牛奶)money(金钱) music(音乐)mutton(羊肉)news(消息)noise(噪声)orange(桔汁) paper(纸)pork(猪肉)rice(大米)salt(盐)sand(沙子)silk(丝绸)snow(雪)tea(茶)temperature(温度)time(时间)teamwork(协同工作)treasure(金银财宝)water(水)weather(天气)wind(风)wood(木头)wool(羊毛)work(工作)
  6.不可数名词用a piece of ... 一类词组表示数量关系
  a piece of bread / meat 一块面包/肉two pieces of paper 两张纸
  three bottles of orange 三瓶桔汁four glasses of milk 四杯牛奶
  five drops of water 五滴水 six bags of rice 六袋大米
  seven pairs of shoes 七双鞋eight baskets of fruit 八筐水果
  nine pieces of news 九条消息ten cups of tea 十杯茶
  二、名词所有格
  1.表示有生命的东西的名词,所有格一般在名词后加-’s。
  Miss Green’s coat 格林小姐的大衣
  Jim’s sister 吉姆的姐妹
  Women’s Day 妇女节
  2.以-s加-es结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在名词右上方加 “ ‘ ”。
  the twins’ bedroom 那对孪生子的卧室the teachers’ reading-room 教员阅览室
  the workers’ club 工人俱乐部Teachers’ Day 教师节
  3.以-s结尾的单数名词或人名后应加-’s构成所有格。
  a waitress’s job 一个女招待的工作
  Charles’s address 查尔斯的地址
  但是,以[z]音结尾的人名的所有格的构成,在其右上方加“‘”或“-’s”均可。
  James’ / James’s wife 詹姆斯的妻子
  Engels’ / Engels’s works恩格斯的著作
  Reeves’/Reeves’s mother丽芙斯的母亲
  4.如果某物为两人共有,则只在后一个名词尾加-’s ; 如果不是共有的,则两个名词后都要加-’s。
  Jim and Kate’s house 吉姆和凯特的房间(共有)
  Jane’s and Tom’s books 珍和汤姆的书(不共有)
  5.复合名词的所有格在后一个名词后加-’s构成。
  her son-in-law’s photo 她女婿的照片
  my sister-in-law’s father 我嫂子的父亲
  6.表示“某人家”、“店铺”等生活、工作处所的所有格后的名词常省略。
  at Mr Wang’s 在王先生家
  at the tailor’s 在裁缝店
  at the barber’s 在理发店
  7.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等的名词也可以其后加-’s构成所有格。
  today’s newspaper今天的报纸
  ten minutes’ walk步行十分钟的路程
  two days’ journey两天的旅程
  8.表示无生命的名词,通常用“of +名词”结构来构成所有格。
  the gate of the school 学校的大门
  the center of the city 市中心
  9.表示某物的一部分、抽象概念或一个名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时,常用“of +名词”结构表示所有格。
  the top of the house 房屋的顶部(一部分)
  the cost of living 生活费用(抽象意义)
  the book of the boy behind you 你身后面那孩子的书(被短语修饰)
  10.双重所有格如果在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时,常用“of +所有格”的形式即双重所有格来表示所有关系。
  a friend of my father’s我父亲的一位朋友=one of my father’s friends
  some inventions of Edison’s爱迪生的一些发明
  two photos of mine我的两张照片
  直击中考
  1. He had something to write down and asked me for ______.(2003天津)
  A. a paperB. some papers
  C. some pieces of papersD. a piece of paper
  [点拨] 答案是D。此题旨在考查不可数名词的数量表示法。paper是不可数名词,无复数。如要表示多数,量词piece要用复数形式。如a cup of tea(一杯茶),two cups of tea(两杯茶)。又如three bottles of orange(三瓶桔汁),four pieces of bread(四块面包)。不可数名词数量表示是中考常考的热点。顺便说一下,paper也可以用作可数名词,不过意思是“论文;试卷;证件”等。
  2. Mrs Green is ______ mother. (2003山东淄博)
  A. Mary and KateB. Mary’s and Kate’s
  C. Mary’s and KateD. Mary and Kate’s
  [点拨] 答案是D。“格林夫人是马丽和凯特的母亲。” 此题旨在考查名词所有格的用法。如果表示某物为两人(或两人以上)共有,则只需要在后一个名词词尾加“-’s”。如果不是共有,则要在每个名词后都加“-’s”。
  3.Today is September 10th. It’s ___________ Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
  A. TeachersB. Teachers’C. the Teachers’D. Teacher’s (2003天津)
  [点拨] 答案是B。“今天是九月10号,是教师节。”此题旨在考查表示节日的专有名词的用法。其一,节日前面不用冠词;其二,前面的名词要用复数形式的所有格(除Mother’s Day, Father’s Day例外)。如Women’s Day, Children’s Day等。
  4. They are those ______ bags. Please put them on the bus. (2003广西)
  A. visitor B. visitors C. visitor’s D. visitors’
  [点拨] 答案是D。此题考查名词所有格的用法。由空白处前面的those可以断定空白处要用复数名词。visitor的复数为visitors。又,以s结尾的复数名词的所有格只需在词尾加-’,而不加 “-s”。
  5. I’d like something to read. Would you please pass me the ______ (2003北京西城区)
  A. penB. boxC. rulerD. book
  [点拨] 答案是D。此题属词义辨析题。由前一句I’d like something to read(我想要些读的东西)判断,四个选项中只有book可“阅读”。
  6. Look at the picture first. If country A is experiencing summer, what is the season in country B (2003济南)
  A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Autumn D. Winter.
  [点拨] 答案是D。此题涉及到地理知识。仔细观察附图,A在北半球,B在南半球。由地理知识可知,当北半球是夏季的时候,南半球正处于冬季。
  7. There are few ______ in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.
  A. vegetables B. fruit C. meat D. eggs (2003南京)
  [点拨] 答案是A。此题也是词义辨析题。这是今年单项选择考查的热点。要有常识或题干所提供的信息来分析判断。如本题,后半句中的peas(豌豆),carrots(胡萝卜),cabbages(卷心菜)都属于vegetables(蔬菜)。由此可知,“冰箱里几乎没有蔬菜了”。
  8. Mr Green has lived in the ______ hotel since he came to China. (2003上海)
  A. five-star B. five-stars C. five star’s D. five stars
  [点拨] 答案是A。此题考查“基数词+连字符+单数名词”构成复合形容词的用法。这种复合形容词常用来表示时间、度量等。如a two-day conference(为期两天的会议),a six-foot hole(一个六英尺深的洞)等。此题中的the five-star hotel意为“五星级酒店”。
  9. I’m afraid that there is no ______ for you in my car, because there are already five people.
  A. land B. ground C. room D. floor (2003山西)
  [点拨] 答案是C。此题属词义辨析题。land, ground, floor都有“地”的意思,但land通常指“陆地”;ground指“土地;场地”;floor一般指室内的“地面;地板”。room作不可数名词,意为“空间;余地”。由后半句because there are already five people(因为已经有五个人了),可见小车里是没有“空余地方”了。
  10. The ______ now is that we have lots of ______ to ask.(天津2003)
  A. problem; questionsB. question; problems
  C. question; problemD. problem; question
  [点拨] 答案是A。question和problem都有“问题”之意,但question侧重对某事物感到疑惑,想知道确切答案的“问题”;problem侧重需要解决的“问题;难题”,可接表示“问题”内容的表语从句。题意为“现在问题是我们有许多问题要问”。
  专项训练
  1. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ______.
  A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges
  C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges
  2.There are many ______ in the fridge.
  A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread
  3. Sheep ______ white and milk ______ also white.
  A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are
  4. — Would you like some ______
  — Oh, yes, just a little.
  A. milk B. apple C. pears D. oranges
  5. Sam gave Ann some ______ to look after Polly while he was away.
  A. picture-books B. inventions C. instructions D. messages
  6. How wonderful! The ______ is made of ______.
  A. house; glass B. house; glasses C. houses; glass D. houses; glasses
  7. Mr Lin often gives us ______ by e-mail.
  A. some good information B. some good informations
  C. good informations D. a good information
  8. There are two ______ in the room.
  A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves
  9. ______ room is next to their parents’.
  A. Kate’s and Joan’s B. Kate’s and Joan
  C. Kate and Joan’s D. Kate and Joan
  10. Miss Green is a friend of ______.
  A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother C. Mary mother’s D. mother’s of Mary
  11. June 1 is ______.
  A. children’s day B. children’s Day C. Children’s Day D. Children’s day
  12. It’s a long ______ to Paris. It’s two thousand kilometres.
  A. street B. road C. way D. end
  13. Shops, hospitals and schools are all ______.
  A. places B. homes C. rooms D. buildings
  14. —Which of the following animals lives only in China
  —The ______.
  A. monkey B. elephant C. panda D. cat
  15. ______ is the best time for planting trees.
  A. Summer B. Winter C. Spring D. Autumn
  16. My father is a ______. He works in a hospital.
  A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer
  17. —Where is Tom
  —He’s left a ______ saying that he has something important to do.
  A. excuse B. sentence C. news D. message
  18. It’s very cold today. Why don’t you put on your _____.
  A. watch B. shirt C. sweater D. glasses
  19. —Which ______ do you like
  —I like maths.
  A. music B. sport C. subject D. game
  20. —Excuse me, are you ______
  —Yes, I’m from ______.
  A. Japan; Japanese B. China; Chinese
  C. England; English D. American; America
  答案与解析
  1. C. orange作“桔汁”解,是不可数名词,无复数;作“桔子”解是可数名词,有复数;作形容词有“桔色的”的意思。题意是“妈妈,我太渴了,请给我两瓶桔子汁。”如An orange is orange.
  2. C. many修饰可数名词复数形式。
  3. B. sheep“绵羊”复数表泛指,谓语动词要用复数;milk是不可数名词,作主语,谓语动词用单数。“绵羊是白色的,奶也是白色的。”
  4. A. 关键词a little, 修饰不可数名词。B、C、D均是可数名词。
  5. C. 此题属词义辨析题。picture-books“图画书,小人书”;inventions“发明”;instructions“指示,说明”;messages“消息;通知”。此句的意思是“Sam外出时告诉Ann一些照看Polly的说明”。遇到此类题可用“代入法”、“排除法”解决。
  6. A. 题意是“这个房子是玻璃做的”。由连系动词is可知句子主语是单数house,“玻璃”glass是不可数名词。
  7. A. information作“信息;消息”解,是不可数名词。
  8. D. 空格前有数词two,可判断空白处应为复数形式。以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数时,先变-f或-fe为v, 再加-es。又如wolf—wolves, half—halves, -self—-selves, wife—wives, knife—knives等。
  9. C. 此题考查名词所有格表示某物为“两人”共有的用法。由room和their二词可以判定room为Kate和Joan两人共有,只需后一个名词用所有格形式。
  10. A. 此题考查“双重所有格”的用法。“格林小姐是马丽母亲的一位朋友。”即格林小姐是马丽母亲众多朋友中的一位。
  11. C. 英语节日属于由普通名词构成的专有名词,其前面不用冠词,用名词复数的所有格表示,并且首字母要大写。
  12. C. 词义辨析题。street指“街,街道”;road指具体的“路,道路”,以区别与street;way指“路,路线,路程”,此处作“路程”解。
  13. D. shops, hospital, schools都是“建筑物”(buildings)。
  14. C. 常识题。解题关键词是only in China。注意,近年中考单项选择题的命题不仅有涉及英美文化背景知识的题目,还有跨学科的综合知识性题目。
  15. C. 生活常识题。“春天是植树的最好季节”。
  16. B. 解题关键是第二句的提示信息。在医院工作,自然是“医生”doctor。
  17. D. leave a message意为“留下口信/便条”。excuse作名词,意为“借口;托辞”,sentence意为“句子”,news作“消息”,一般指新闻消息,是不可数名词。
  18. C. very cold是解题关键词, 既然“很冷”,为什么不穿上 “毛衣” (sweater)呢?
  19. C. maths是一门功课,即学习的科目(subject)。
  20. D. 前一空格应用表示“某国人”的形容词;后一空格应用表示国家名称的名词。只有D项附和题意。“美国人来自美国”。
第二节 冠 词
考点透视
  一、不定冠词的用法
  1.泛指某一类人、事或物,相当于any。这是不定冠词a / an的基本用法。
  A horse is a useful animal. 马有是用的动物。
  2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。
  A boy is waiting for you at the school gate. 学校门口有个男孩找你。
  3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。
  I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 我有一张嘴,一只鼻子和两只眼睛。
  4.表示“每一”,相当于every。
  Take the medicine three times a day. 吃这种药,每日三次。
  5.用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一”。
  Mr and Mrs Shute had a daughter called Jane. Then they had a second child—a son.
  舒特夫妇有个女儿名叫珍。不久,他们又有一个小孩——一个儿子。
  I’ve tried it three times. Let me try a fourth time.我已试过三次了。让我再试一次吧。
  6.用在某些固定词组中。
  a bit 有一点儿; 一会儿a bit of 一点儿; 少许
  a bottle of 一瓶a cup of 一(茶)杯
  a few 一些; 少数几个a glass of 一(玻璃)杯
  a hundred or more 上百或一百多 a little 一点儿
  a lot (of ) 许多,大量 a moment later 片刻之后
  a pair of 一对,一双a piece of 一张/片/块……
  after a while 过一会儿as a result of 作为……的结果
  have a good time 玩得很高兴have a look 看一看
  have a rest 休息have a swim 游泳
  have a test 进行测验/考查/试验have / have got a cough 咳嗽
  in a minute 一会儿; 立刻in a short while 不久; 一会儿
  just a moment 等一会儿leave a message 留话
  make a mistake 犯错误make a noise 吵闹
  once upon a time 从前play a trick on 跟……开玩笑
  take a look 看一看take a photo/picture 照张像
  tell a lie 说谎want a go 试一试
  二、定冠词the的用法
  1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。
  Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
  2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。
  Open the window please. 请把窗户打开。(双方都知道指的是哪一扇窗户)
  3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。
  There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
  窗户附近有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女,怀里抱着一个婴儿。
  4.指世界上独一无二的事物。
  Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon 太阳、地球和月亮哪一个最大?
  5.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。
  The first truck is carrying a few baskets. 第一辆卡车装运一些筐。
  6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
  the Great wall长城,the Summer Palace颐和园,
  the People’s Farm人民农场,the Science Museum科学馆
  7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。
  the rich富人 the poor穷人 the sick病人 the old老人,
  the young年轻人 the blind盲人 the dead死人
  8.用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。
  The Turners are going home on a train. 特纳夫妇在回家的火车上。
  9.用在方位词前。
  on the left/right在左/右边
  in the east/west/north/south在东/西/北/南方
  at the back/front of在……的后/前面
  10.用在乐器名称前。
  Do you like playing the piano or the violin 你喜欢弹钢琴还是喜欢拉小提琴?
  11.用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派名词前。
  the East China Sea 东海the Huai River 淮河
  the Jinggang Mountains 井冈山the United States of American 美国
  12.用在某些固定词组中。
  all the same 仍然all the time 一直
  all the year round 一年到头at the age of 在……岁时
  at the beginning of 起初; 开始at the end of 在……的尽头/末尾
  at the entrance of 在……门口at the foot of 在……脚下
  at the head of 在……的前面at the moment 此刻
  at the same time 同时by the side of 在……附近
  by the time 到时候by the way 顺便说
  catch the post 赶上邮班do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服
  give...the message 捎口信给……go to the classroom 去教室
  in the end 最后;终于in the hat 戴帽子的
  in the middle of the day 中午in the morning/afternoon / evening 在上午/下午/晚上
  in the open air 在户外;在野外jump the queue 不按次序排队
  lead the way to 引路;指路look the same 看起来很像
  on the earth 在地球上tell the truth 说实话
  the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天
  the high jump 跳高the long jump 跳远
  the next day 第二天the next year下一年
  the people 人民the starting line起跑线
  三、不用冠词的情况
  1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。
  I’m going to England next week for a holiday.下周我将要去英国度假。
  2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词my, your, his, her等;指示代词this/ these, that/those; 不定代词some, any等及所有格限制时。
  The letter is in her pocket. 信在她的衣袋里。
  3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。
  My father and mother are teachers. 我的父亲和母亲是教师。
  4.在星期、月份、季节、节日前。
  The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn. 到中国来的最好时间是春季或秋季。
  Today is Thursday, September 10th, Teacher’s Day. 今天是九月十日,星期四,教师节。
  [注意] 如果月份、季节等被一个限定性定语修饰,则要加定冠词。
  He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。
  5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。
  Happy Teachers’ Day, Miss Zhao!
  Here it is, Mom!
  6.在学科名称、三餐饭和球类运动名称前。
  I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. 我认为汉语比其它学科更普及。
  Can you play basketball 你会打篮球吗?We are going to play football. 我们去踢足球。
  [注意]I can see a football.(指足球,并非“球类运动”)
  Where’s the football.
  7.某些固定词组中不用冠词。
  ①与by连用的交通工具名称前
  by bus, by car, by bike, by train, by air/plane, by sea/ship
  ②名词词组
  day and night, brother and sister, hour after hour, here and there
  ③介词词组
  at home在家in surprise惊奇地
  at noon在中午on foot步行
  at night在晚上on duty值日
  at work在工作on time准时
  for example例如on business经商
  in school在上学on holiday在度假
  in class在上课on show展览
  in hospital在住院on top of在……顶部
  in bed在床上
  ④ go短语
  go home回家go to bed上床睡觉
  go to school去上学go to work去上班
  go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼
  直击中考
  1.This morning I had ______ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast. (2003海淀区)
  A. anB. a C. the D. /
  [点拨] 答案是A。此题考查不定冠词表“一”的用法。egg以元音开头,用an。题意为“今天早餐我吃了一个鸡蛋,喝了一瓶牛奶”。
  2. If you don’t mind, pass me ______ apple, please. (2003长沙)
  A. a B. anC. the D. 不填
  [点拨] 答案是B。此题可首先排除A和D,但B和C选哪一个,可要仔细斟酌了。由前半句If you don’t mind的语气判断,此处应用不定冠词表泛指。如果用定冠词,则显得语气生硬,不礼貌。
  3. I am reading ______ novel. It is ______ interesting story. (2003昆明)
  A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an
  [点拨] 答案是A。 此题考查不定冠词表“泛指”及a与an的用法区别等。
  4. ______ earth we live on is bigger than ______ moon. (2003广东)
  A. The; a B. The; the C. An; a D. An; the
  [点拨] 答案是B。此题考查定冠词用在表示世上独一无二的名词前的用法。earth, sun, moon, , sky, world等名词前要用定冠词。
  5. My uncle isn’t ______ old man, and he likes playing ______ football. (2003贵阳)
  A. a; a B. an; an C. the; the D. an; /
  [点拨] 答案是D. an用在元音开头的名词前表泛指;play football“踢足球”,球类运动名词前不用冠词。
  6. —How far is it from our school to ______ seaside (2003广州)
  —It is ______ eight-kilometer walk from here.
  A. the; an B. /; an C. the; aD. /; a
  [点拨] 答案是A。go to the seaside“去海边”是固定词组;an eight-kilometer walk“步行八千米的路程”,eight以元音[ei]开头,故用an。
  7. —Have you seen ______ pen I left it here this morning. (2003山西)
  —Is it ______ black one I think I saw it somewhere.
  A. a; the B. the; theC. the; aD. a; a
  [点拨] 答案是D。第一空用不定冠词表泛指;由后一句I think I saw it somewhere.(我想我在某个地方见过)可知,第二空用不定冠词泛指“一支黑色的”。
  8. The boys and girls often play______ football in ______ afternoon. (2003兰州)
  A. /; an B. the; an C./; the D. a; the
  [点拨] 答案是C。 “孩子们经常在下午踢足球”。此题旨在考查零冠词和定冠词用在固定短语中的用法。球类运动和三餐等名词前不用冠词。in the morning/afternoon/evening是固定词组。
  9. —Did you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou (2003杭州)
  —Yes. I had ______ wonderful time.
  A. a B. anC. theD. 不填
  [点拨] 答案是A。“我们玩地很开心”。此题考查固定短语中不定冠词的用法。have a good/great/wonderful time是固定短语。又如have a rest, have a swim, have a meeting, have a look, have a picnic等。
  10. There’s ______ “h” in the word hour. (2003南京)
  A. aB. the C. an D. 不填
  [点拨] 答案是C。 “单词hour中有一个字母h。”此题考查不定冠词a和an的用法区别。h是辅音字母但以元音开头,故用an。以元音开头的辅音字母有f, h, l, m, n, r, s x等。
  11. We saw______ elephant in the zoo. ______ elephant was from India. (2003江苏无锡)
  A. a; The B. the; An C. an; The D. the; A
  [点拨] 答案是C。表示泛指某类事物中的一个,用不定冠词a或an;第二次提到某事物时用定冠词the。因elephant以元音[e]开头。
  专项训练
  1. We work five days _________ week.
  A. a B. anC. theD. /
  2. _______book on the desk is _________ useful one.
  A. The; anB. A ; a C. The ; a D. The ; /
  3. We can’t see _________ sun at ________ night.
  A. a; /B. a; theC. the; /.D. the; the
  4. After _______ supper, he stayed at home and played _______ violin.
  A. the; the B. /; the C. /; a D. /; /
  5. I have two dogs.______ black one is two years old and ______ yellow one is three years old.
  A. A; a B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the
  6. I’ve tried it three times. Let me try ______ fourth time.
  A. a B. an C. the D. /
  7. In the word "cariage" ____ "r" is lost.
  A. the B. an C. a D. /
  8. English is ____ useful language in ___ world.
  A. an; the B. a; the C. the; the D. an; an
  9. ______ new bridge has been built over ______ Huangpu River.
  A. The; a B. A; / C. A; the D. An; an
  10. This is _____ orange. ______ orange is on the table.
  A. a; The B. an; The C. an; An D. the; An
  11. —Have you seen _______ bag I left it here just now.
  —Is it ________ one on the chair near the door
  A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a
  12. I have ____ blue coat.
  A. a B. an C. the D. some
  13.This is _______ apple. It’s_______ big apple.
  A. an; a B. a; the C. a; an D. an; the
  14. They passed our school _______ day before yesterday.
  A. an B. one C. a D. the
  15.________ woman over there is _____ popular teacher in our school.
  A. A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the
  16.This is _______interesting story-book and it is also ______ useful one.
  A. a; a B. an; an C. an; a D. a; an
  17. The museum is quite far. It will take you half ______ hour to go there by ________bus.
  A. an; / B. an; a C. a; / D. /; /
  18. Bill is _____English teacher. He likes playing _______ football.
  A. a; the B. an; the C. a; / D. an; /
  19. Shanghai is in______ east of China.
  A. / B. an C. the D. a
  20. Beijing is ______ beautiful city. It’s _____ capital of China.
  A. a; a B. the; the C./; the D. a; the
  答案与解析
  1. A. “每周五天”,不定冠词作“每一”解。
  2. C. “桌子上的书”是特指,用定冠词;“一本有用的书”是泛指,用不定冠词。
  3. C. sun是独一无二的,用定冠词;at night是固定词组,不用冠词。
  4. D. 三餐饭名称前不用冠词;乐器名称前要用定冠词。
  5. C. 第二次提到上文出现的名词,用定冠词。
  6. A. 序数词前一般用定冠词表示顺序,但其前用不定冠词则表示“再一;又一”。
  7. B. 辅音字母r发元音[B:], 故用an。
  8. B. useful虽是元音,但发辅音[j]; world是世界上独一无二的。in the world是习语。
  9. C. 山川、河流名称前要用定冠词the;“一座新桥”为泛指,又有“一”的意思。
  10. B. 前一个是泛指;后一个是特指。
  11. C. 从上下文语气分析,“你看见一个包吗?” “是门边椅子上的那个吗?”前一个是泛指;后一个是特指。
  12. A. 不定冠词表示数量概念,意为“一”。
  13. A. a big apple是泛指,不是特指。
  14. D. the day before yesterday是固定短语。
  15. B. “那边的那位妇女”是特指;“一名受欢迎的老师”是泛指。
  16. C. useful以辅音[j]开头,故用不定冠词a。
  17. A. hour虽以辅音字母h开头,却以元音[au]开头,其前要用不定冠词an;by bus是固定短语,不用冠词。
  18. D. an用在元音开头的单词前表示泛指;球类运动名词前不用冠词,即用零冠词。
  19. C. 表示方位的名词east, west, south, north等前面需用定冠词the。
20. D. “一个美丽的城市”是泛指,用不定冠词;“中国的首都”是特指,用定冠词the。
第三节 代词
考点透视
  一、人称代词的用法
  人称代词的主格在句中作主语,宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语或表语。
  May I borrow it, please 我可以借它吗?
  I can look after her. 我能照看她。
  [特别提醒] I与其他名词或代词并列使用时,一般须放在最后。但是,第一人称代词复数we则不受此限制。
  Lucy and I go to school six days a week. 露西和我每周上六天学。
  [巧记口诀] 主在谓语前,宾在动介后。
  二、物主代词的用法
  1.形容词性物主代词my, your, his, her, our, their, its等在句中作定语,后跟名词。
  I’m your new teacher this term. My name is Wu Jun. This is our first lesson. 这学期我是你们的新老师。我叫吴军。这是我们的第一课。
  This is a bird, Its name is Polly. 这是一只鸟。它的名字叫波莉。
  2.名词性物主代词在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
  —Is this sweater yours 这件毛衣是你的吗?
  —No, it’s not mine. I think it’s hers. Mine is here. 不是我的。我想是她的。我的在这里。
  He is an old friend of mine. 他是我的一位老朋友。
  [特别提醒] 汉语口语中常说“我父亲”、“你弟弟”、“他妹妹”等, 英语中必须使用物主代词,如my father, your brother, his sister.
  汉语中有不用物主代词的习惯,英语中则要使用物主代词。
  他晚上做功课。He does his lessons in the evening.
  下列短语中物主代词一般不可省略:
  all one’ s life 一生; 终生change one’s mind 改变想法(主意)
  come into one’s mind 想起do one’s best 尽力; 竭尽全力
  do one’s homework 做家庭作业fire ( one’s gun ) at 向……开枪
  follow one’s example 以……为榜样lose one’s life 丧生
  make up one’s mind 下决心,决定on one’s way to (home) 在某人去(回家)的路上
  put up one’s hand (s) 举手stay on one’s feet 站着
  take one’s time 不急; 慢慢干to one’s surprise 使某人惊奇的是
  with one’s help 在(某人)帮助下
  三、反身代词的用法
  1.反身代词作“自己”解,常用在buy, enjoy, help, hurt, teach, wash, look after等动词后作宾语,表示动作回到主语本身,即句子的主语和宾语是同一人或事物。
  She didn’t hurt herself, thank goodness. 谢天谢地,她没有伤着自己。
  2.反身代词作主语、宾语或表语的同位语,意为“亲自”、“本人”,起强调作用,其位置较灵活。
  She told me the news herself. 她亲自告诉我这消息。
  3.作表语,表示身体“正常”;“常态”。
  He is not quite himself today. 他今天不大舒服。
  4.记住下列短语中须用反身代词:
  help yourself/yourselves to... 请随便吃……
  enjoy oneself 玩得高兴;过得愉快
  leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下
  all by oneself 独自地;孤独的
  四、疑问代词的用法
  疑问代词what, which, who, whom, whose等一般放在句首,用来构成特殊疑问句,可作主语,宾语、表语或定语。
  What has happened 发生了什么事?(作主语)
  What do English people eat 英国人吃什么?(作宾语)
  Which is your favourite 你最喜欢的是哪一个?(作表语)
  What class are you in 你在哪个班?(作定语)
  [特别提醒]
  1. what和which作定语的区别是,which用于在一定范围内的人或事物中进行选择;而what则没有此限制。
  Which do you like best, pears, apples or oranges
  2. What about.…?用来“征求意见”或“询问消息”。
  What about going to fly kites 去放风筝好吗?
  3. how many + 可数名词,how much +不可数名词
  How many bananas can you see on the desk 你看到桌上有多少香蕉?
  How much money do you have 你有多少钱?
  4. whatever “无论什么”,用来加强语气。
  Don’t change your mind, whatever happens. 无论发生什么事情,你都不要改变主意。
  五、指示代词的用法
  1.作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
  This is my book. 这是我的书。
  Do you like this 你喜欢这个吗?
  That book is mine. 那本书是我的。
  What I want is this 我要的就是这个。
  2. this / these一般用来指时间或空间上较近的人或物;而that / those常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
  This is a pen and that is a pencil.
  We are very busy these days.
  3. this / these可指后面要讲到的事情,而that / those常指前面提到过的事物。
  John asked me to help him with his lessons this evening. I’m afraid I can’t do that.(that指上句提到的help him with his lessons)
  4. that / those可用来指代前面提到的名词。
  This book is not so interesting as that I read yesterday.
  这本书不如我昨天看过的那本有趣。(that指代the book)
  5. 在打电话时,常用that询问对方是“谁”,用this介绍自己是“谁”。
  —Is that Mrs Black speaking 你是布莱克夫人吗?
  —Yes, Who’s that 是的,你是哪一位?
  —This is Mary, Mrs Black.我是玛丽,夫人。
  六、不定代词的用法
  1.some和any表示“一些”。
  (1) some和any可修饰可数名词和不可数名词,表示“一些”,即不确定的或未知的数量数目。some通常用于肯定句,any用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。
  I can see some flowers. 我能看到一些花。
  I haven’t any brothers. 我没有兄弟。
  Is there any tea in the cup 杯子里有茶吗?
  If any beast comes at you, I’ll stay with you and help you. 如果有野兽向你扑来,我会帮助你。
  (2) some可用在表示邀请或请求的句子中,表示希望对方给予肯定回答。
  —Would you like some bananas (邀请)
  —Bananas, Mmm, I’d love some.
  May I ask you some questions (请求)
  (3) any用于肯定句中,表示“任何(一个)的”。
  You may come at any time. 你随便什么时候来都可以。
 2. each与every表示“每一”。
  (1) each强调“个别”,可单独使用,也可修饰单数名词或跟of表语结构,作主语、宾语或同位语;every修饰单数名词,强调“整体”,相当于汉语的“每个都”,只作定语。
  Each has his merits. 各有所长。
  He fills each of the stockings with Christmas presents. 他把每只袜子都装满圣诞礼物。
  (2) each表示两个以上中的“每个”;every表示三个以上中的“每个”。
  There is a line of trees on each side of the river. 河的两边各有一行树。
  Every student in the class likes English. 班上每个学生都喜欢英语。
  (3) everyone与every one的区别
  everyone意为“每人”,“人人”,只指人,不指物,后面不能跟of短语;every one意为“每个”,通常用来指物,后面可以跟of短语。
  Is everyone here today 今天大家都到齐了吗?
  His books are wonderful. I have read every one of them.他的书很精彩,每一本我都读了。
  (4) everyday与every day的区别
  everyday是形容词,意思是“每天的”,“日常的”,只能作定语; every day是副词,意思是“每天”,作状语。
  everyday life日常生活;everyday English日常用英语;everyday clothes便服
  We have English lessons everyday. 我们每天都上英语课。
  (5) every及其所构成的复合代词everybody, everyone, everything与单数谓语动词连用,但常用they, them, their来指代。
  Everybody thinks they’re different from everybody else. 每个人都认为自己与其他人不同。
  (6)“every + 基数词 + 复数名词”或“every + 序数词 + 单数名词”表示“每隔……”,译成汉语减去一。
  every three days / every third day每隔两天
  I go to Italy every six weeks. 我每隔五周去一次意大利。
  Write on every other line. 隔行书写。
  3. no和none表示“无”,“没有”。
  no = not a, not any, 作定语,后跟可数名词或不可数名词;none后跟of短语,在句中作主语或宾语,表示“没有任何东西或人”。
  I have no choice. 我没有选择余地。
  None of us can do this. 我们当中没有人能做这事。
  I [特别提醒]
  (1) nobody, no one, nothing只能单独使用,后面不跟of短语。
  他们当中没有人会讲日语。
  误:Nobody of them can speak Japanese.
  正:Nobody can speak Japanese.
  正: None of them can speak Japanese.
  (2) nobody, no one, nothing和none常用作简略答语,一般情况下,nothing回答what问句; nobody和no one回答who问句;none回答how many或how much问句。
  ①—What’s in the box 盒子里有什么?
  — Nothing. 什么也没有。
  ②—Who is in the classroom 谁在教室里?
  —Nobody / No one. 没有人。
  ③—How many people are there in the park 公园里有多少人?
  —None.没有人。
  4. all , both, whole表示“都”,“全部”。
  (1) both指两个人或物,而all指三个以上的人或物,在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或定语。
  Both of us want to go. 我们两人都想去。
  All of us should work hard.我们都应努力工作。
  (2) both和all都可直接修饰名词;名词前如有限定词时,其前只能用both of或all of。
  Both brothers are clever. 兄弟俩都聪明。
  Both of the books are useful.两本书都有用。
  (3) both和all在句中的位置是位于be动词之后,行为动词之前,如有情态动词或助动词,则位于情态动词或助动词与主动词之间。
  We are all here. 我们都来了。
  We both like to go. 我们都想去。
  They have all finished their homework .他们都完成了家庭作业。
  [特别提醒]
  (1) both的反义词是neither, all的反义词是none。
  Both of us are not doctors. 我们俩并非都是医生。 (部分否定)
  Neither of us is a doctor. 我们俩都不是医生。(全部否定)
  All of the books are not helpful. 并非所有这些书都对人有帮助。(部分否定)
  None of the books are helpful. 所有这些书都无益处。(全部否定)
  (2) all与whole的区别
  all与whole在表示“整体的”、“全部的”意思时,用法略有不同。all要置于冠词、物主代词或其他限定词之前;而whole则要置于这些限定词之后。试比较:
  all my life all the world
  my whole life the whole world
  (3) both和and并列相同词类的词。
  She can both sing and dance.
  He teaches both English and French.
  Both Jack and John are workers.
  5. neither表示“(两者)都不”;either表示“两者之一”或“(两者中的)任何一个”,只用于单数名词之前,of + 宾格人称代词或带限定词的复数名词前,作主语、宾语或定语。
  Neither of us likes singing.我们俩都不喜欢唱歌。
  Either of you could do it. 你们俩谁做都可以。
  6. another, other(s), the other(s), else等表示“另外”。
  (1) another表示不定数目中的另一个,意思是“再一”,“又一”,一般接单数名词。
  Lucy, would you like another cake 露西,你想再要一块蛋糕吗?
  I don’t like this one, please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个。请拿另一个给我看看。
  如果another后有few或数词时,可接复数名词。
  He will be back in another ten days.他再过10天才会回来。
  one another作“相互”、“彼此”解,指三者以上的“相互”;each other指两者以上的“相互”。
  The three children enjoy playing with one another.这三个孩子喜欢在一起玩。
  (2) other泛指“其他的”,“另外的”,可接复数名词,复数形式others表示“另一些”;each other“互相”。
  Do you have any other questions 你还有别的问题吗?
  Give me some other examples. 给我另外再举些例子。
  We love each other.我们互相爱护。
  (3) the other指“两者中的另一个”,常与one连用,构成one...the other结构;the others特指一定范围内的“其余的人或物”。
  I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red, the others are blue.
  我有10支铅笔。两支红色的,其余的是蓝色的。
  (4) else与other同意,但只能用在不定代词和疑问代词之后,其所有格形式为else’s。
  Would you like anything else 你不要别的什么吗?
  What else did he say 他还说了些什么?
  (5) 表示“三者以上的另外一个”,常用one...another...another或one...another...the other。
  There are three pencils on the desk. One is red, another is yellow, another (the other ) is green.
  7. many, much, a lot of , lots of , plenty of , a great number of 等表示“许多”。
  (1) many后跟可数名词,much后跟不可数名词,通常用于疑问句和否定句中。
  He speaks some Chinese, but not much. 他说些汉语,但是不多。
  How many people are there 有多少人?
  He didn’t know much English. 他不太懂英语。
  Is there much water in the jar 缸里有很多水吗?
  (2) 在so, as和too之后常用many和much,表示“这么多”,“这样多”,“太多”之意,这时也可用于肯定句中。
  I like it, but it costs too much. 我喜欢它,但是太费钱。
  His teacher did not understand why the boy had so many strange questions. 他的老师不明白这孩子为什么有这样多奇怪的问题。
  Why so much 为什么会有这么多呢?
  (3) many和much也可与of + 限定词 + 名词/代词连用。
  How many of you are there 你们中有多少人
  In much of China, spring is usually very short. 中国的多数地区,春季通常是很短的。
  (4) a lot of , lots of和plenty of 即可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词;a great number后只能接可数名词。
  I make a lot of different machines. 我制造许多不同的机器。
  There are plenty of eggs/meat in the basket. 篮子里有很多鸡蛋(肉)。
  I have a great number of letters to write. 我有几封信要写。
  8. few, a few和little, a little表示“少”
  (1) few和a few后跟可数名词; little和a little后跟不可数名词。few和little表示“没有几个”,“很少”,含否定意义;a few和a little表示“有几个”,“有一些”,含肯定意义,都可在句中作定语、主语和宾语。
  There were few people living here. 这儿几乎没有人居住。
  After a few minutes she started to cry again. 过了一会儿,她又开始哭了。
  There is little time left. 剩下的时间不多了。
  I have a little money. 我有一点钱。
  (2) 口语中常用only a few或only a little表示“只有一些(点)”,quite a few表示“相当多”。
  ① —How far is it 有多远?
  —Only a few kilometers. 只有几公里。
  ② —Do you speak Chinese 你说汉语吗?
  —Only a little.只会说一点。
  ③ I’ve made quite a few good friends here. 我在这里交了相当多的朋友。
  9. one, ones表示“指代”
  (1) one只用来代替单数可数名词,复数形式ones代替复数名词,泛指某(些)人或某(些)物。
  ① —This moon-cake is very nice! 这月饼真好!
  —Good. Would you like another one 是的,你要再来一块吗?
  ② Wei Hua’s pen was broken, so she needed a new one. 魏华的钢笔坏了,因此她需要买支新的。
  (2) one或ones前有the, this, that, these或those等词时,表示特指某(些)人或某(些)物。
  —Which woman 哪一位妇女?
  —The one in the red coat.穿红色外套的那位。
  The woolen ones are hanging here.羊毛质的挂在这儿。
  直击中考
  1. Jack, good boy! Please pass ______ the glasses. I want to read the newspaper. (2003北京海淀区)
  A. youB. meC. himD. her
  [点拨] 答案是B。 此题旨在考查人称代词宾格作动词宾语的用法。谓语动词pass后应用宾格作宾语。
  2. That girl is new in our class. Do you know ______ name (2003北京西城区)
  A. herB. sheC. heD. his
  [点拨] 答案是A。此题旨在考查人称代词与物主代词的用法区别。人称代词在句中作主语或宾语;物主代词在句中作定语。由前句主语girl确定空白处应填入物主代词her。
  3. Kate has lost______ keys, so she asks______ for help. (2003厦门)
  A. her; mine B. hers; me C. hers; I D. her; me
  [点拨] 答案是D。此题旨在综合考查物主代词与人称代词的用法区别。题意为“Kate丢失了她的钥匙。她向我求助”。名词keys前需用物主代词作定语;动词asks后需用人称代词宾格作宾语。
  4. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of ______ . (2003河南)
  A. usB. ourC. oursD. ourselves
  [点拨] 答案是C。 此题旨在考查名词双重所有格的用法。“单数名词/复数名词+of+名词性物主代词或名词所有格”构成双重所有格。
  5.Yesterday I saw ______enjoy ______ in the park.(2003重庆)
  A. her, hers B. they, them C. she, herselfD. them, themselves
  [点拨] 答案是D。此题旨在综合考查人称代词宾格和反身代词的用法区别。动词saw后需用人称代词宾格作宾语;enjoy oneself(玩得开心)是习惯搭配。
  6. —Hello! Is that Mr. Wang speaking (2003安徽)
  —Yes. ______.
  A. Who’s that B. Who are you C. I’m speaking D. I’m Mr. Wang.
  [点拨] 答案是A。此题考查指示代词在打电话用语中的特殊用法。即询问对方是某人时说Who is that (speaking) 或Is that ...speaking 介绍自己时说This is ...speaking.
  7. The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than ______ made in America. (2003南京)
  A. onesB. thoseC. thatD. it
  [点拨] 答案是B。those指代上文提到的名词cars,以免重复。ones泛指上文提到的复数名词;it指上文提到的名词。that用法同those。
  8. I am looking for a house. I’d like ______ with a garden. (2003安徽)
  A. oneB. itC. thatD. this
  [点拨] 答案是A。one泛指上文提到的人或事物中的一个;it指上文中提到的同一个事物。that代替句中的名词以免重复。
  9.There’s someone at the door. Can you go and see who ______ is (2003江西)
  A. he B. she C. that D. it
  [点拨] 答案是D。此题考查it指代上文中提到的那个人或说话者心目中的人的用法。此处it代替上文中的someone。
  10. We found ______ necessary to protect the environment. (贵阳2003)
  A. it B. this C. that D. what
  [点拨] 答案是A。 此题考查it作形式宾语的用法。this, that是指示代词,没用这种用法。what是疑问代词。
  11. —______ does your mother do (2003青海)
  —She is a nurse.
  A. WhatB. WhereC. WhichD. How
  [点拨] 答案是A。 此题旨在考查疑问代词的用法。疑问代词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语。what在此用来询问某人的“职业”。
  12. 15. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it. (2003北京海淀区)
  A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few
  [点拨] 答案是D。 a little和little一般用来指代不可数名词。a little表示肯定意义,意为“有一些”;a few和few指代可数名词,a few表示肯定意义,few表示否定意义。new words作“生词”讲,是可数名词,故首先排除A、B两项。又由上半句中的is quite easy (相当容易)判断,说明这篇英文小说中的生词“很少”。
  13. —Which sweater do you prefer, the yellow on or the pink one
  —______. I like a light blue one. (2003河北)
  A. EitherB. BothC. AnyD. Neither
  [点拨] 答案是D。 此题旨在考查不定代词either, both和neither的用法区别。either表示“两者中的任何一个”;both表示“两者都”;neither表示“两者都不”。由题意“——你喜欢哪件毛衣,黄色的还是粉红色的?”“——我喜欢浅蓝色的。”可以确定“黄色的”和“粉红色的”我都不喜欢。
  14. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, ______ is a teacher. (2003兰州)
  A. another B. other C. others D. the other
  [点拨] 答案是D。 当要表示两个人或物“一个……,另一个……”时,用one...the other...结构。列举三个以上的人或物时,用one...another...the other...或用one...another...another...或one...a second...the third...。
  15. All the boys were very tired, but ______ of them would take a rest. (2003江苏徐州)
  A. all B. neither C. any D. none
  [点拨] 答案是D。 此题考查不定代词all, neither, any, none的用法区别。all和none互为反义词,none指“(三者以上)都不”;neither是both的反义词,表示“(两者)都不”。题意为“所有的孩子都非常累,但是他们没有一个愿意休息”。
  16. —May I use your pen
  —Yes, here are two and you can use ______ of them. (2003武汉)
  A. bothB. everyC. anyD. either
  [点拨] 答案是D。 either表示两者中的“任何一个”;any也有“无论哪一个;任何”的意思,但表示“三者或三者以上”中的任何一个。both意思是“两者都”,与题意不符。every不与of连用。
  17. —Is ______ here
  —No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. (2003南京)
  A. everybodyB. somebodyC. anybodyD. nobody
  [点拨] 答案是A。 此题旨在考查表人的不定代词everybody, somebody, anybody和nobody的用法区别。everybody(everyone)指“每个人”,即“大家”;somebody (someone)指“某个人”;anybody(anyone)指“任何人”,常用于疑问句和否定句中;nobody指“没有任何人”,表示否定意义。此题易误选C。由答句“李磊和韩梅请假”可断定问的是“大家都到齐了吗?”
  18. I’m hungry, Mum. I want ______ to eat. (2003北京)
  A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing
  [点拨] 答案是C。 此题旨在考查不定代词everything, something, anything和nothing的用法区别。something用于肯定句;anything用于否定句和疑问句;nothing表示否定意义,相当于not anything。解答此题关键词是I’m hungry。既然“饿了”,当然是要一些吃的东西(something to eat)。
  19. —How many more oranges can I have
  —You can have one more. ______ are for Tom. (2003广州)
  A. The othersB. AnotherC. OthersD. The other
  [点拨] 答案是A。 the others在这里指众多桔子中“其余的桔子”,是特指。another泛指“另一个;又一个”;others泛指“其余的;另外的”;the other特指“(两者中的)另一个”,或后接单数、复数名词,表特指。
  20. I don’t like this shirt, so I want to see some ______ . (2003宁夏)
  A. other B. the other C. others D. another
  [点拨] 答案是C。 others在这里泛指“其他的”、“别的”(衬衫),相当于名词的作用。
  专项训练
  1. Anne has a son. ______ name is Edward.
  A. Her B. His C. Hers D. Him
  2. My watch is old, but ______ is new.
  A. his B. herC. yourD. it’s
  3. —Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.
  —Never mind. You can have ______.
  A. us B. oursC. youD. yours
  4. —The watch is so nice! Is it for ______
  —Yes. Happy birthday, Mary!
  —Thank you very much.
  A. his B. me C. my D. hers
  5. Oh, hi, Judy. Hi Jason. Come on in. Make ______ at home.
  A. yourselfB. usC. yourselvesD. you
  6. We usually do ______ homework in the evening.
  A. weB. one’sC. meD. our
  7. —I can’t find my pen. Can you lend me ______
  —Sorry, I’m using it myself.
  A. youB. yourC. yourself D. yours
  8. Let ______ do this exercise myself.
  A. him B. her C. us D. me
  9. Have you heard from ______ recently
  A. them B. they C. themselves D. their
  10. I met an old friend of ______ on ______ way home.
  A. mine; my B. my; the C. mine; a D. mine; the
  11. —Did she go to school when she was young
  —No, she taught ______ at home.
  A. her B. herself C. hers D. she
  12. “Help ______ to some meat, Mary”, my aunt said to me.
  A. themselves B. ourselves C. yourself D. himself
  13. ______ is your father, a worker or a teacher
  A. How B. Which C. What D. Who
  14. ______ is the population of France
  A. Which B. How much C. What D. How many
  15. —Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning
  — is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.
  A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None
  16. ______ of the twins went to watch Peking Opera last Sunday. They were staying at home all that day.
  A. EitherB. BothC. NeitherD. One
  17. —Which do you prefer, orange juice or coke
  — ______ , thanks. I’d like just a cup of tea.
  A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None
  18. —Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang
  —Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in merica.
  A. neither B. bothC. noneD. either
  19. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming; ______ like ball games.
  A. the othersB. othersC. the otherD. other
  20. The twins corrected the mistakes on the test papers ______ .
  A. themB. themselvesC. himD. himself
  21. She always thinks of ______ more than herself.
  A. otherB. othersC. the otherD. the others
  22. You may go and ask him. He knows ______ about Japanese.
  A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little
  23. The colour of her skirt is different from ______ of mine.
  A. oneB. thatC. itD. this
  24. The Class 3 and Class 1 runners both ran very slowly. ______ of them ran faster than the Class 2 runner.
  A. EitherB. NobodyC. NoneD. Neither
  25. Last month we went to travel with some friends of ______ .
  A. usB. oursC. ourD. ourselves
  26. —Are you interested in maths or English, Mike — ______ . I prefer P. E.
  A. BothB. EitherC. NeitherD. None
  27. Boys, don’t touch the machine , or you may hurt ______ .
  A. myselfB. yourselfC. yourselves D. themselves
  28. — ______ blouse do you like best
  —The blue one.
  A. WhoB. WhichC. WhomD. Whose
  29. The Smiths have visited two famous cities. One is in Japan and ______ is in China.
  A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. the other
  30. —My watch keeps good time. What about ______
  —Mine Oh, two minutes slow.
  A. youB. herC. hersD. yours
  31. —______ house is this —It’s mine.
  A. WhatB. WhoC. WhoseD. Who’s
  32. —Would you like some tea —Yes. Just ______ .
  A. a fewB. very fewC. a littleD. little bit
  33. You have more apples than I. But ______ are bigger than ______ .
  A. my; yourB. my ; yoursC. mine; yourD. mine; yours
  34. —I made the cake by ______ . Help ______ , Tom.
  —Thanks, Jane.
  A. ourselves; yourselfB. myself; yourself
  C. myself; yourselvesD. ourselves; yourselves
  35. He is always ready to help ______ .
  A. another B. others C. the other D. other
  36. Have you ______ to tell us
  A. important something B. something important
  C. important anything D. anything important
  37. ______ of the students in our class has a ticket.
  A. Every B. Both C. Each D. All
  38. There are several books on the desk. ______ of them is English.
  A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither
  39. They have twenty-six desks in the classroom. One is for the teacher, ______ are for the students.
  A. the other B. other C. the others D. others
  40. Sorry, I can’t answer your question. I know ______ about the news.
  A. a little B. little C. few D. a few
  41. —Would you like some milk in your tea
  —Yes, just ______ .
  A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
  42. If you need an eraser, I’ll lend you ______.
  A. some B. one C. another D. the one
  43. I have three pencils, One is short, ______ are long.
  A. other B. other two C. the other D. the other two
  44. Li Yan sings and dances better than ______ else in our class.
  A. anyone B. no one C. the one D. another
  45. ______ of us has an English-Chinese dictionary.
  A. Every B. Both C. Each D. All
  46. There are twenty teachers in this grade. Eight of them are women teachers and ______ are men teachers.
  A. the other B. the others C. others D. other
  47. ______ of the boys in Class 4 are playing games.
  A. All B. Each C. The both D. None
  48. ______ likes maths, but both of them like music.
  A. Neither of him B. Neither of them C. Both of them D. Both of the two
  49. Put it down, Richard. You mustn’t read ______ letter.
  A. anyone’s else’s B. anyone’s else C. anyone else’s D. anyone else
  50. ______ of his parents ______ a teacher.
  A. Both; are B. All; are C. Neither; is D. Neither; isn’t
  答案与解析
  1. B. 名词前用形容词性物主代词作定语。
  2. A. his等于his watch。his可作形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。此处作名词性物主代词用,在句中作主语。
  3. B. 名词性物主代词作宾语。“你忘了带食物可以吃我们的(食物)”。
  4. B. 人称代词宾格me作介词for的宾语。其余三项是物主代词。
  5. C. 关键词是Judy, Jason。Make yourselves at home.意为“别客气”,就像在家里一样。
  6. D. do one’s homework“做家庭作业”是固定搭配。其中的one’s要与句子的主语保持人称和数的一致。
  7. D. 名词性物主代词yours作lend的宾语,相当于your pen。
  8. D.此题考查人称代词宾格作宾语的用法。四个选项均是宾格形式,但解题关键词是myself。即“让我自己来做这个练习”。
  9. A. 此题考查人称代词作介词的宾语的用法。hear from sb.“受到某人的来信”是固定搭配。they是主格,在句中作主语;themselves是反身代词,可作宾语或同位语;their是物主代词,作定语。
  10. A. 题意为“我在回家的路上遇到了我的一位老朋友。”“名词+of+所有格或名词性物主代词”是双重所有格形式,“我的一位老朋友”即众多朋友中的一位。on one’s way home“在某人回家的路上”是固定搭配,one’s是物主代词或名词所有格形式。
  11. B. “她在家里自学”。teach oneself意为“自学”, 属习惯搭配。
  12. C. help oneself to...是习惯搭配,意思是“请随便……”。关键句是...my aunt said to me。
  13. C. 询问某人是干什么工作的可以说What is + sb. 或What do/does sb. do 或What is sb’s job
  14. C. 询问某地“人口”的多少,用what,而不用how many。另外,表示某地的人口“多”、“少”则分别用large和small。
  15. A. either指“两者中的任何一个”;neither指“两者都不”;both指“两者都”;none指“三者以上都不”。题意是“我今天晚上来,还是明天早上来?”“(今天晚上或明天早上)都可以。我今天和明天有空”。
  16. C. 由后半句“They were staying at home all that day.”可知,the twins都没有去看京剧。neither表示“两者都不”。
  17. B. “桔汁和可乐你要哪一种?”“(两者)都不要。谢谢!我只要一杯茶”。Neither表示“两者都不”。其余选项与题意不符。
  18. A. 关键词two sons; lives。“两者儿子都不和我住在一起”。both表示两者都;none表示三者或三者以上都不;either表示两者中的任何一个。都与题意不符。
  19. B. some...others...是习惯搭配,表示“一些人……,另一些人……”。
  20. B. 反身代词作主语的同位语,以加强语气。
  21. B. others泛指“别人;其他人”。
  22. C. a little表示肯定意义,因为他懂一些日语,所以你可以问他。
  23. B. that指代the colour。
  24. D. neither表示两者“都不”。这里指3班和1班的运动员都不比2班的运动员跑得快。
  25. B. 名词双重所有格。
  26. C. 由I prefer P.E. 可知,maths和English我都不喜欢。
  27. C. 反身代词作动词hurt的宾语,由boys可知句中的主语you指的是“你们”,所以同位语要用“你们自己”yourselves。
  28. B. which表示“哪一个”,提供选择的范围。
  29. D. one..., the other...表示“两个”中的“一个……,另一个……”。关键词是前句中的two famous cities。
  30. D. 根据题意判断。“我的手表很准时。你的呢?”“我的慢两分钟。”
  31. C. whose表示“谁的”,是疑问代词who的所有格形式。
  32. C. tea是不可数名词,首先排除A、B选项。由Yes可确定要表达的是“肯定”意义。
  33. D. 名词型物主代词作主语。
  34. B. by oneself“独自;自己”;又根据Tom确定help的宾语是单数yourself。题意是“我自己动手做的蛋糕。请随便吃”。
  35. C. others泛指“别人;其他人”。the other表特指,意为“其余的;其他的”,后跟单数名词或复数名词。
  36. D. something和anything分别用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中。当something, anything被形容词修饰时,形容词要放在something, anything之后,作后置定语。
  37. C. each作代词,表示“每一个”,谓语动词用单数。both, all作主语,谓语动词要用复数形式。every是形容词,不能与of短语连用。关键词是谓语动词has。如果谓语动词是have,则可选both或all。
  38. C. 解题的关键词是several和is。all和none分别三者以上的“肯定”与“否定”。both和neither分别表示两者的“肯定”与“否定”。several意为“几个”,多于三个,故首先排除B、D。none是all的反义词,表示否定意义,作主语,谓语动词用单数。
  39. C. the others特指“其余的课桌”。the other须接名词;others表“泛指”。
  40. B. few, a few是修饰可数名词的。news是不可数名词,其前可用a little或little修饰。a little表示“肯定”意义,little表示“否定”意义。由I can’t answer your question“我不能回答你的问题”可知,我对the news知道甚少。
  41. A. a little表示“肯定”意义,并用来修饰不可数名词。此处指代不可数名词milk。
  42. B. one代替an eraser。
  43. D. 三支铅笔,一支短的,其余两支长。
  44. A. anyone else“其他任何人”。else常用在不定代词someone, anyone或疑问代词what, who等后面,作后置定语。
  45. C. every, each表示“每一”,each可与of...连用,但every不可以这样用。both, all分别表示“两者都”、“三者以上都”,