课件14张PPT。Unit 1 Great ScientistsPre-reading1. What do you know about infectious diseases? What do you know about cholera?2. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research? Discuss in small groups the stages in examining a new scientific idea. What order would you put them in?Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make up a question Find a problem Analyse the results Repeat if necessaryJohn Snow Defeats “King Cholera”John Snow 约翰 斯诺（1813 ~ 1858），英国麻醉学家、流行病专家。他首次提出了预防霍乱的措施。1854年，伦敦霍乱流行，斯诺通过研究霍乱病死者的日常生活情况，寻找到他们的共同行为模式，发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的关系，由于及时切断了二者的联系，有效制止了霍乱的流行。Dr. John Snow
史 諾 醫 生Map of Central London 1853Broad Street Pump Handle 街頭水泵John Snow经过流行病学调查
推论： “霍乱患者的粪便含有能繁殖的‘病毒’，霍乱在人群中的传播途径主要是被患者粪便污染的水源”
1883年，Robert Koch 最终发现了霍乱弧菌（Vibrio cholera ）Comprehending1. Fill in the chart after reading the passage.Scientific Report by John SnowThe problemThe causeNobody know the cause of the serious disease of cholera.Idea 1: strange cloud in the air that attacked victims
Idea 2: people absorbed the disease with their meals.The methodIdea 1 or 2? Why?The conclusionCollect data from the next cholera attack to test theories. Try to prove which method was correct.The resultsHe found the cause of cholera was the polluted water.Idea 2 because the data showed a connection with the water.John Snow was able to defeat cholera once its cause was known.2. Read the passage again and answer these questions.1. Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?KEY: Two diseases, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are both very serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.2. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?KEY: John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.3. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give a reason.KEY: No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.Thank You课件13张PPT。Unit 1 Great ScientistsWarming UpWhat do you know about great scientists? Try this quiz and find out who knows the most.1. Which scientists discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?Archimedes
阿基米德2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?Charles Darwin
达尔文3. Who invented the first advanced steam engine?James Watt
瓦特4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?Gregor Mendel
门德尔5. Who discovered radium?Marie Curie 居里夫人6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Thomas Edison 爱迪生7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?Leonardo da Vinci 达芬奇8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?Humphry Davy 汉弗莱 戴维9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?张衡10. Who put forward a theory about black holes?Stephen Hawking 斯帝芬 霍金Thank You
