宾语从句(湖南省怀化市洪江市)
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宾语从句
一. 宾语从句在复合句中可充当哪些词的宾语？
1．充当及物动词的宾语。
I think that watching TV too much is bad for people’s health .
I wander ____ you can do me a favor .
2．充当某些介词的宾语。
The teacher is pleased with what she had said .
3）充当某些形容词后面的宾语。
I’m afraid that I can’t accept your invitation .
二. 宾语从句的引导词问题
1. that 引导宾语从句是时，在非正式场合下that可以省略，但在表示建议，要求，命令的从句中一般不省略。
注意：that引导的宾语从句用作介词宾语时，只可作介词but , except , besides 的宾语，而不可做其他介词的宾语。
I know nothing about the man except that he is American .
I can say nothing but that the TV must be repaired at once .
2．if / whether引导的宾语从句时：if /whether不可省略。
I wander if he will come .
I don’t know whether he will attend the concert .
注意：1）当从句后有or not时，只能用whether引导宾语从句，构成whether…or not ,不可用if引导。
I wander if it is true or not . __________
2）做介词的宾语不用if只用whether。
The result depends on whether you study or not .
3）当主语的谓语动词是doubt时，动词doubt的肯定句接if / whether引导的宾语从句，但否定式don’t doubt要接that引导的宾语从句。
They doubt whether the news is true or not .
I don’t doubt that (不可用if / whether) he will come soon.
3．How , when , where , why等特殊疑问次引导宾语从句，在从句中充当状语，从句用陈述语序。
Do you know how he worked out the problem
三. 宾语从句的时态问题
宾语从句的时态应与主句的时态相对应。
1．当主句是现在时的时候，宾语从句可以选择适当的时态。
Tom tells me that he has been to Paris . He says that he will come .
2．当主句是过去时的时候，宾语从句要选择表示过去的适当时态。
He said that John was wrong . He asked when we would start .
Kate told us that she had finished her task .
3．当从句的内容表示客观真理时，从句时态不受主句时态的限制。
His mother told him the sun rises in the east and sets in the west .
四. 宾语从句中的语气问题
宾语从句中究竟用陈述语气还是虚拟语气主要取决于主句中的谓语动词。
1．当主句的谓语动词是表示命令，要求，建议等动词时，从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或直接用“原形动词”。这类动词可以归纳为1.坚持（insist）；2.命令（order , demand）； 3.建议（suggest , propose ,advice）；4.要求（ask ,request ,require ,demand）。
He advised that we should help them .
Our teacher asked that we finish the work on time .
注意：1）作“力言，坚持认为”解时，从句用陈述语气。
He insisted that he had seen me somewhere .
2）suggest作“表明，暗示”等解时，从句用陈述语气。
What he said suggested that he had know the result .
2. wish后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气。用“would+动词原形”表示与将来的事实相反；用“had +done” 表示与过去的事实相反；用“过去式”表示与现在事实相反。
I wish I hadn’t done that . I wish he would come here .
3. would rather后接从句时，从句用虚拟语气。用“过去式”表示与将来事实相反，用“过去完成式”表示与过去的事实相反。
I would rather you went there tomorrow .
I would rather you hadn’t made such mistake.
五. 宾语从句中否定的转移
在think ,believe ,imagine等动词的后面的宾语从句中，如果从句的谓语是表示否定的意义，一般要将否定词not移至主句的谓语动词上去，即通过否定主句的谓语来否定从句的谓语动词。
I don’t think he will come . He doesn’t believe John will fail .
六. 宾语从句的替代问题
1. 当从句中的谓语动词是hope ,believe ,think ,guess ,suppose ,imagine等动词以及“I’m afraid ”等后面，可用so代替一个上文中已出现过的宾语从句。
___ Do you believe he will win the game ___ I believe so .
2. 其否定形式可用上述动词的否定加so 或在上述动词后直接加not 。 但hope只能用hope not。 No , I don’t think so .
___ Do you think he will come ___｛ No , I think not .
七. 宾语从句的语序问题
1. 由连词whether ,if ,that以及连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序。
I don’t know if /whether it is true . I wander what that is .
2. “ Do you think（suppose /believe etc.）……？”或“ Did you（he /she /they）say……？”结构中，宾语从句如果是由特殊疑问词引导，则要用“特殊疑问词+do you think+正常语序？”句型，或用“特殊疑问词+did you say+正常语序？”句型。
What do you think has happened to him When did you say they were starting
3. 当宾语从句后面带有宾语补足语是时，须用it作形式宾语，其句型为“主语+谓语+it +补足语+宾语从句”。
They found it strange that no one should take the money .
表语从句
一. 引导表语从句的连词
1. that引导表语从句，在句中无词义，仅起连接作用，但不可以省略。在主语是“ The reason for…is that… ”句型中that一般不可用because代替。
Why he was late is that he didn’t catch the bus .
2.whether引导表语从句。但if不可引导表语从句。
The question is whether they will be able to help us .
3. 特殊疑问词what ,whose ,where ,when等引导表语从句。
What I want to know is who will go there .
The question is when and where we will hold the meeting .
4. as if / as though在连系动词之后引导表语从句，意思是“好像，似乎”。
It looks as if it’s going to snow.
二． 表语从句的语序
当引导表语从句的引导词是特殊疑问词时，其句式结构为“主语+be+特殊疑问词+正常语序”。
What they are most interested in is how they can produce more and better cars .
三. 表语从句中的语气
1. 当主语是suggest ,order ,advice , 等表示“建议，要求，命令”的名词时，其表语从句需用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或直接用“原形动词”。
The doctor’s advice is that John not smoke .
2. as if引导的表语从句，如果含有不真实性时表语从句用虚拟语气。从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，用had+过去分词；表示与将来事实相反用would（might /could）+动词原形。
She looks as if she were sick .
I feel as if we had known each other for years .
It looks as if it might rain.
一. 宾语从句在复合句中可充当哪些词的宾语？
1．充当及物动词的宾语。
I think that watching TV too much is bad for people’s health .
I wander ____ you can do me a favor .
2．充当某些介词的宾语。
The teacher is pleased with what she had said .
3）充当某些形容词后面的宾语。
I’m afraid that I can’t accept your invitation .
二. 宾语从句的引导词问题
1. that 引导宾语从句是时，在非正式场合下that可以省略，但在表示建议，要求，命令的从句中一般不省略。
注意：that引导的宾语从句用作介词宾语时，只可作介词but , except , besides 的宾语，而不可做其他介词的宾语。
I know nothing about the man except that he is American .
I can say nothing but that the TV must be repaired at once .
2．if / whether引导的宾语从句时：if /whether不可省略。
I wander if he will come .
I don’t know whether he will attend the concert .
注意：1）当从句后有or not时，只能用whether引导宾语从句，构成whether…or not ,不可用if引导。
I wander if it is true or not . __________
2）做介词的宾语不用if只用whether。
The result depends on whether you study or not .
3）当主语的谓语动词是doubt时，动词doubt的肯定句接if / whether引导的宾语从句，但否定式don’t doubt要接that引导的宾语从句。
They doubt whether the news is true or not .
I don’t doubt that (不可用if / whether) he will come soon.
3．How , when , where , why等特殊疑问次引导宾语从句，在从句中充当状语，从句用陈述语序。
Do you know how he worked out the problem
三. 宾语从句的时态问题
宾语从句的时态应与主句的时态相对应。
1．当主句是现在时的时候，宾语从句可以选择适当的时态。
Tom tells me that he has been to Paris . He says that he will come .
2．当主句是过去时的时候，宾语从句要选择表示过去的适当时态。
He said that John was wrong . He asked when we would start .
Kate told us that she had finished her task .
3．当从句的内容表示客观真理时，从句时态不受主句时态的限制。
His mother told him the sun rises in the east and sets in the west .
四. 宾语从句中的语气问题
宾语从句中究竟用陈述语气还是虚拟语气主要取决于主句中的谓语动词。
1．当主句的谓语动词是表示命令，要求，建议等动词时，从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或直接用“原形动词”。这类动词可以归纳为1.坚持（insist）；2.命令（order , demand）； 3.建议（suggest , propose ,advice）；4.要求（ask ,request ,require ,demand）。
He advised that we should help them .
Our teacher asked that we finish the work on time .
注意：1）作“力言，坚持认为”解时，从句用陈述语气。
He insisted that he had seen me somewhere .
2）suggest作“表明，暗示”等解时，从句用陈述语气。
What he said suggested that he had know the result .
2. wish后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气。用“would+动词原形”表示与将来的事实相反；用“had +done” 表示与过去的事实相反；用“过去式”表示与现在事实相反。
I wish I hadn’t done that . I wish he would come here .
3. would rather后接从句时，从句用虚拟语气。用“过去式”表示与将来事实相反，用“过去完成式”表示与过去的事实相反。
I would rather you went there tomorrow .
I would rather you hadn’t made such mistake.
五. 宾语从句中否定的转移
在think ,believe ,imagine等动词的后面的宾语从句中，如果从句的谓语是表示否定的意义，一般要将否定词not移至主句的谓语动词上去，即通过否定主句的谓语来否定从句的谓语动词。
I don’t think he will come . He doesn’t believe John will fail .
六. 宾语从句的替代问题
1. 当从句中的谓语动词是hope ,believe ,think ,guess ,suppose ,imagine等动词以及“I’m afraid ”等后面，可用so代替一个上文中已出现过的宾语从句。
___ Do you believe he will win the game ___ I believe so .
2. 其否定形式可用上述动词的否定加so 或在上述动词后直接加not 。 但hope只能用hope not。 No , I don’t think so .
___ Do you think he will come ___｛ No , I think not .
七. 宾语从句的语序问题
1. 由连词whether ,if ,that以及连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序。
I don’t know if /whether it is true . I wander what that is .
2. “ Do you think（suppose /believe etc.）……？”或“ Did you（he /she /they）say……？”结构中，宾语从句如果是由特殊疑问词引导，则要用“特殊疑问词+do you think+正常语序？”句型，或用“特殊疑问词+did you say+正常语序？”句型。
What do you think has happened to him When did you say they were starting
3. 当宾语从句后面带有宾语补足语是时，须用it作形式宾语，其句型为“主语+谓语+it +补足语+宾语从句”。
They found it strange that no one should take the money .
表语从句
一. 引导表语从句的连词
1. that引导表语从句，在句中无词义，仅起连接作用，但不可以省略。在主语是“ The reason for…is that… ”句型中that一般不可用because代替。
Why he was late is that he didn’t catch the bus .
2.whether引导表语从句。但if不可引导表语从句。
The question is whether they will be able to help us .
3. 特殊疑问词what ,whose ,where ,when等引导表语从句。
What I want to know is who will go there .
The question is when and where we will hold the meeting .
4. as if / as though在连系动词之后引导表语从句，意思是“好像，似乎”。
It looks as if it’s going to snow.
二． 表语从句的语序
当引导表语从句的引导词是特殊疑问词时，其句式结构为“主语+be+特殊疑问词+正常语序”。
What they are most interested in is how they can produce more and better cars .
三. 表语从句中的语气
1. 当主语是suggest ,order ,advice , 等表示“建议，要求，命令”的名词时，其表语从句需用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或直接用“原形动词”。
The doctor’s advice is that John not smoke .
2. as if引导的表语从句，如果含有不真实性时表语从句用虚拟语气。从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，用had+过去分词；表示与将来事实相反用would（might /could）+动词原形。
She looks as if she were sick .
I feel as if we had known each other for years .
It looks as if it might rain.