[高中英语单词轻松背]
ability n. ①能力 ②才能(常用复数)
[特征] ability是able的名词形式,可以和able一起记忆。
- He is a man of ability. 他是个能干的人。 - He has the ability to read. 他有阅读的能力。
- He has great abilities as a writer. 他是个有本领的作家。
[考点]
ability后面可以接动词不定式、介词in或for,但不能接of doing形式。
-(×)You should improve the ability of drawing.
-(√)You should improve the ability to draw.
-(√)You should improve the ability in/for drawing.你应该提高你的绘画能力。[备考必备] 重要词组
have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事to the best of one's ability 尽力-I will help you to the best of my ability.我会尽我所能帮助你的。
[贴心叮咛]
上面[特征]中三个句子是最基础的,ability的基本用法都在这三个句子中。
abroad n. ①在国外,到国外 ②到处
[特征]- One of my brothers lived abroad. 我有个哥哥住在国外。
- The manager went abroad for business. 经理出差去国外了。
- The poor granny has never been abroad. 这个贫穷的老奶奶从未出过国。
- The news spread abroad. 消息传得很广。
[贴心叮咛]
这个单词很简单,虽然历届高考也经常考到,但考点不是很多,只要记住上面几个基本用法即可。
absence n. ①不在,缺席 ②缺乏
[特征] Nobody noticed his absence from school. 没人注意到他没来上学。
[备考必备] 重要词组in/during one's absence 在某人不在时
- Please take care of my house during my absence. 我不在时,请照看我的房子。 absence of mind 心不在焉
- His absence of mind led to a lot of mistakes. 他由于心不在焉造成了很多错误。
[练习与解答]
- The evvironmentalists and wild goats' on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment. [2004 上海]
A. escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance
答案:D (环境保护者和野山羊在大草原上的出现时环境改善的一个很好的迹象。escape是“逃跑”;absence是“缺席”;attendance是“参加”;appearance是“出现”。)
absent adj. ①缺席的,不在场的 ②缺乏的
[备考必备] 重要词组 be absent from 缺席
- The manager was absent from the meeting. 经理缺席会议。
[贴心叮咛]absent考的频率很高,对这个词的考查基本都集中在词组be absent from上。
accent n. ①口音,音调 ②重音
[特征]- His strong southern accent reveals he isn't a local man.
他很浓的南方口音表明他不是本地人。
- He speaks English with an American accent. 他讲英语带有美国口音。
[贴心叮咛] accent不难理解,这里给出两个句子帮助你领会。
accept vt. 接受
[特征]- I can not accept my defeat. 我无法接受我失败了。
- Tom accepted the invitation to a concert.汤姆接受了去音乐会的邀请。
[考点] 辨析accept和receive
accept表示主观上愿意接受;receive只表示客观上收到,不表示接受与否。
- I've received a gift from him, but I'm not going to accept it.
我收到了他送的礼物,但是我不准备接受。
[备考必背] 重要词组accept ... as... 把……当作……
- I can't accept you as my assistant. 我不能答应你当我的帮手。
[贴心叮咛]
accept是各类考试的常客,要特别注意accept和receive的区别。
accident n. 事故;意外的事
[特征]accident特指意想不到、突如其来的事情,往往引起损伤或伤害,比如交通事故等。
- There have been many railway accidents this year. 今年发生了多起火车事故。
- It was quite an accident. 那完全是一次意外事故。
[考点] 辨析accident,incident和event
上面已经提及,accident指不幸的意外事故,如摔伤、车祸等;incident多指留下较深印象的小事情,也可指外交、政治方面的重大事件;event特指历史上的重大事件,多指国家和社会的事件。
[备考必背]
1、“糟透的或可怕的、严重的事故”可以用a bad/dreadful/serious accident表示,不能用big修饰accident。
(×)Jack was killed in a big accident.
(√)Jack was killed in a serious accident. 杰克在一次严重的事故中丧生。
2、重要词组without accident 平安地;无恙地 accident insurance 事故保险 by accident=by chance 意外地
- I met Tom by accident in the cinema. 我在电影院偶然遇到了汤姆。
3、派生词 accidental adj. 意外的 accidentally adv. 偶然地,意外地
[练习与解答]
- Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and , fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time. [2004 上海]
A. accidentally B. purposefully C. obviously D. formally
答案:C (岛上的大部分人把捕鱼作为娱乐,很明显,捕鱼成了他们休闲时间中实实在在的一部分。accidentally是“偶然地”;pruposefully是“故意地”;obviously是“明显地”;formally是“正式地”。)
account n. ①账目,账户 ②描述,记述;报告,报道 ③理由,缘故
[特征]- You should open a bank account. 你应该开个银行账户。
- All the accounts of the company are in a mess. 这公司的账目一团糟。
- Please give me an account of your trip. 请告诉我你旅行的情况。
- The newspaper's account misled the consumers. 这条报纸的报道误导了消费者。
[备考必背] 重要词组on account of 因为,由于
- Don't stay away on account of John. 为了约翰,请不要离开。
[贴心叮咛]account的意思较多,越繁杂的单词,越容易混淆,换句话说,也越容易考。所以同学们别怕麻烦,一定要把它弄明白。
ache vi. ①痛,疼痛 ②渴望 n. (连续固定的)疼痛
[特征]- My head aches terribly. 我头痛得厉害。
- She ached for his friendship. 她渴望和他交朋友。
- He has an ache in the back. 他的背痛。
[备考必背]ache是一种持续的隐隐之痛,常和表示身体部位的名词连用,例如下面两个词:
headache n. 头疼 stomachache n. 胃痛
achieve v. ①完成,达到(目的、目标)②得到
[特征]- We have achieved great success. 我们已取得了巨大的成就。
- You can't achieve much without hard work. 你若不努力,就不会有多少成就。
- All these can't be achieved overnight. 这些事情不可能在一夜之间都完成。
[贴心叮咛]achieve是各非常地道的英文单词,这个单词中国的学生用的不多,他们更常用realize,get to这样简单的词汇。
actual adj. 实际的,现实的
[特征]in actual life 在实际生活中 the actual state of affairs 目前的形势
- The actual cost of repairs was a lot less than we had expected.
实际的修理费用笔我们预期的要低得多。
[备考必背] 派生词
actually adv. 实际地,现实地
[贴心叮咛]
actual考得不是很多,也许因为它比较简单吧,只要能掌握上边这几个词组和句子就可以了。
addition n. ①增加 ②(算术)加法
[特征]- The new student is an addition to our class. 这名新来的学生使我们班多了一个人。
[考点] 重要词组in addition (常与to连用)此外
- In addition to hard work, he attributed his success to good opportunities.除了工作努力外,他把他的成功归因于好的机遇。
[贴心叮咛]
addition除了有“加法”的意思,还可以表示“增加”。一定要注意有关addition的词组。
admit v. ①承认 ②准许(入场、入学、入会等) ③容纳,容许
[考点]
1、重要句型admit doing sth. 承认做了某事
- He admitted making a big mistake. 他承认犯了个严重的错误。
admit that ... 承认……
- Do you admit that you are wrong 你承认自己错了吗?
admit sb./sth. to be ... 承认某人/某物是……
-The boss admitted my plan to be practical.老板承认我的计划是可行的。
be admitted to/into ... 被……录取;被准许进入……
- At last she was admitted to/into the famous university.
她终于被这所著名的大学录取了。
2、辨析admit,acknowledge和confess
admit通常指因外界压力、良心或判断而承认某事的存在或真实性,含有“不情愿承认”之意;acknowledge指“公开承认”,常用于过去隐瞒或否认之事;confess着重承认自己的过错或罪恶,因此有“忏悔、坦白”的含义。
- I admit that she is right. 我承认她是对的。
- With so much evidence against him, he had to acknowledge his error.
在这么多证据面前,他不得不承认错误。
- He has confessed his crime. 他已经承认了自己的罪行。
[备考必背] 派生词
admission n. 允许进入,承认某事之陈述,供认
[贴心叮咛]
admit是非常重要的单词,一定要记住上面的考点。
adult n. 成年人 adj. 成年人的,成熟的
[特征]adult(成年人)尤指法定年龄以上者,通常指18岁或21岁以上。
- Some adults are more foolish than the children. 一些大人比孩子还愚蠢。
- He has a very adult manner although he's only 12.
虽然他只有十二岁,举止却很像大人。
advance v. 推进,促进;前进;提前 n. 前进;进步;上升
[特征]- The troops are advancing against the enemy. 部队向敌人逼近。
- The rain advanced the growth of the wheat. 雨水促进了小麦的生长。
- The departure time has been advanced by an hour. 出发时间提前了一个小时。
- Science has made great advances during the last fifty years.
科学在过去的五十年内有很大的进步。
[备考必背] 重要词组in advance 预先,提前
- You must pay for the book in advance. 你必须预先把书的钱付了。
[贴心叮咛]advance的意思比较多,考点也比较多,一定要把它彻底弄明白。经验表明,越是似懂非懂的地方,丢分的可能性最大。
adventure n. 冒险,冒险活动
[特征]- That's a strange adventure indeed. 那确实是一次奇怪的冒险经历。
advertise v. 等广告,为……作广告
[特征]- We advertised through the press. 我们通过报纸宣传。
[备考必背] 派生词advertisement n. 广告,公告(经常用其缩写形式ad.)
advise v. 劝告;建议
[考点]1、可以用advise sb. to do sth.,也可以用advise doing sth.,但不能用advise to do sth.。
(×)Many doctors advise to live in the countryside.
(√)Many doctors advise people to live in the countryside.
(√)Many doctors advise people living in the countryside.
许多医生都劝告人们住到乡下去。
2、advise后接从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气,形式为should+动词原形,should可以省略。类似用法的词还有require,suggest,order,demand,insist等。
[贴心叮咛]这个词经常考,主要是因为advise有几个非常重要的考点,希望同学们能认真地学习。
areoplane n. [英]飞机
[特征]
aeroplane是英国用法;美国用airplane表示“飞机”。
by aeroplane=by plane/by air 乘飞机
affair n. 事情;事务
[特征]affair这个单词要注意它的单数和复数的意思不一样。affair作单数时,一般指事物、个人的事情、私事;作复数时,多指业务工作上重大复杂的事务、事件。
- That's my affair. 那是我(个人)的事。
- The foreign ministers handle the international affairs. 外交部长处理国际事务。
affect vt. ①影响 ②感动,打动
[特征]
- The part-time job affected her studies. 这份兼职工作影响了她的学习。
- She was affected by this movie. 她被这部电影感动了。
[备考必背] 辨析affect和influence
affect指的是受到具体事物的影响;influence指的是抽象的影响,经常指的是态度、行为和思想等方面的影响。
- The entire country was affected by drought. 整个国家干旱肆虐。
- The globalization influences the concept of the whole world.
全球化影响了整个世界的理念。
afford vt. ①负担得起(时间、费用等) ②提供
[特征]
- He can't afford the new house. 他买不起这间新房。
- The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. 公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。
[考点]afford常常接在一些助动词后面,如:can,could,be able to等。afford后面所跟动词的形式经常是afford to do sth.,可以直接跟名次,但是很少用于被动语态。
- I can't afford so much money for the new car. 我付不起这么多钱买辆新车。
(×)A car can be afforded by most people.
(√)Most people can afford a car. 大多数人都能买得起汽车。
[贴心叮咛]afford这个单词非常重要,也经常考,但它的考点并不多。
afraid adj. 害怕;担心;恐怕
[考点] 重要句型
afraid只能作表语,不能作定语,也就是只能用在be afraid of/to do/that这样的句型中。
be afraid of sth./sb./doing sth. 害怕某事/害怕某人/害怕坐某事
- The little boy was afraid of rats. 这个小男孩害怕老鼠。
- She was afraid of her teacher very much. 她很怕她的老师。
- She was afraid of waking her mother up. 她生怕把她妈妈吵醒了。
be afraid to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事
- She is afraid to make a mistake any more. 她不敢再犯错误了。
be afraid +从句 恐怕/怕……(意思常相当于I'm sorry, but ...表示委婉的回绝。)
- I'm afraid that I can't join your party. 我恐怕参加不了你的聚会。
[练习与解答]— Go for a picnic this weekend, OK
— . I love getting close to nature. [2004 福建]
A. I couldn't agree more B. I'm afraid not
C. I believe not D. I don't think so
答案:A (“这个周末去野餐,好吗?”“再好不过了。我喜欢亲近自然。”本题考查的是交际用语。I couldn't agree more是“再好不过了(表示同意 )”;I'm afraid not是“我恐怕不能”; I believe not 和I don't think so表示“我不认为这样”。)
[贴心叮咛]
afraid非常重要,要熟练掌握上面的考点。
afterward(s) adv. 然后,后来地
[特征]afterwards是英国的用法,美国人更多的是用afterward,这两个词意思一样。
- Afterwards the girl left Guangdong for Shanghai. 后来这女孩离开广东去了上海。
[备考必背] 辨析afterwards和later
这两个词有时可以互换。但later可以和具体的时间连用,而afterwards不能。- He will realize his mistakes afterwards/later. 他以后会意识到他的错误的。
- I saw her three days later. 我三天后见到了她。
aggressive adj. ①侵略的,爱挑衅的 ②有进取心的,积极的
[特征]an aggressive war 一场侵略战争 aggressive weapons 攻击性武器
- A salesman has to be aggressive in order to a big order.
推销员要得到一份大订单,必须要有进取心。
[备考必背] 派生词aggression n. 进攻,侵略
- The empire started an aggression against the weak kingdom.
帝国向这个弱小的王国(朝)发动了侵略。
[贴心叮咛]aggressive的基本义是“好侵略的”。但它的另一个意思却是褒义的,记忆时请注意区分。
agreement n. ①同意,一致 ②协定,协议
[特征]- The headmaster's opinion isn't in agreement with mine. 校长的意见和我的不一致。
- They signed an agreement to rent a house. 他们签定了租房协定。
[备考必背] 重要词组
reach/arrive at/come to an agreement 达成协议;取得一致意见
by agreement 同意,依约 in agreement with 同意
[贴心叮咛]agree(同意)+ment(名次后缀)构成agreement。
agriculture n. 农业,农艺,农学
[特征]agriculture(农业)和industry(工业)相对,要记住agriculture前面不加冠词。
- Early in the 6th century B. C., farmers in China developed the science of agriculture. 早在公元前六世纪,中国的农民就已发展了农业科学。
[备考必背] 派生词agricultural adj. 农业的,农艺的
ahead adv. 向前,在前面
[特征]- Go straight ahead till you see a building. 一直朝前走,直到你看到一座大楼。
- There is danger ahead on this road. 这条路前面有危险。
[备考必背] 重要词组ahead of time 提前
- Jack finished his task two hours ahead of time. 杰克提前两小时完成了任务。
ahead of ... 在……前面
- Our company is ahead of other makers of spare parts for the airplane.
我们公司制造的备用飞机零件领先于其他制造商。
go ahead 前进,进行(或用于口语中,表示“行,可以”的意思。)
- Things are going ahead. 一切事情都在进行中。
aid n. 援助;辅助物 v. 援助,资助
[特征]aid是一个正式用语,和help是同义词,但help较口语化。
hearing aid 助听器
- He climbed to the top of the mountain without any aid from others.
他没靠别人的帮助就登上了山顶。
- I aided him in his enterprise. 我帮助他做他的事业。
[备考必背] 重要词组with the aid of ... 在……的帮助下,借助于……
aircraft n. 飞机,飞行器
[特征]这个词的单复数是一样的,具体指飞机、航天飞机等在天空飞行的人造天体。 aircraft carrier 航空母舰
[备考必背] 联想记忆airmail n. 航空邮件
[贴心叮咛]aircraft是个复合词:air(天空)+ craft(航空器)。
almost adv. 几乎;差不多
[特征]- Almost nobody believed her story. 几乎没人相信她的故事。
[考点]1、如果句中没有助动词时,almost可置于位于动词前面、主语后面。
- The boy almost fell over. 这孩子险些跌倒。
2、如果句中有be动词,要把almost放在be的后面。
- It is almost dark. 天几乎黑了。
3、句子中如果有助动词,almost放在助动词后面。
- The film had almost finished when I got to the cinema.
我到电影院的时候,电影几乎演完了。
4、辨析almost和nearly
这两个词意思比较相近,在肯定句中可以换用,但almost可以与no,nobody,nothing,nowhere,never等连用,而nearly不可以;nearly可以用在含not的否定句中,意思是“远非,远不及”,而almost没有这种用法。
- It's not nearly so serious as you think. 它远非你想的那样严重。
[贴心叮咛]
这个单词非常重要,需牢记这里所讲解的内容。
aloud adv. 大声地
[特征]- Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.
在学习外语时,大声朗读是很重要的。
[考点] 辨析aloud,loud和loudly
aloud是副词,但没有比较级和最高级,意思是“出声地,高声地”,声音不一定很大,但别人能听得到,常和read等动词连用;loud既可作副词,也可作形容词,表示声音响亮,常和speak,talk,sing,laugh等连用;loudly是形容词loud的副词形式,意思是“喧闹地,大声地”,有时可与副词loud互换。
- Don't read aloud in the library. 在图书馆看书别读出声来。
- I can't hear you, please speak louder. 我听不到你说什么,请大点儿声说。
- Don't speak loudly in the classroom. 不要在教室里大声喧哗。
[练习与解答]
- He has a voice.
A. aloud B. loud C. loudly D. bright
答案:B (他的嗓音很响亮。aloud为副词;loud可以作形容词或副词,表示“情系、洪亮”之意思;loudly为副词。)
[贴心叮咛]aloud是副词而不是形容词,这一点同学们一定要记住。
PAGE
8