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●Word power
Step1: Brainstorming
In this section, you will learn some English words that were derived from Greek. You will read a passage focusing on Greek words that are used in English and a chart showing the different fields of study based on Greek ideas and words.
1. Throughout history, the English language borrowed many words from other languages. What words are borrowed words and which language did they come from Please find out as many words as possible and write your answers on the paper
Anglo-Saxon: pick.Norse: liftFrench: beef, mutton, pork, baconGerman endings: men, oxen, feet, teeth, children
2. Apart from the above languages, the English language also borrowed many words from Greek. Work in pairs and do some research on the Greek in English and present some Greek words in class.
Step 2: Vocabulary learning
1. Now read the passage in Part A and find out the answers to the following questions:
What words does Greek contribute to the English language ( Words related to science, sport and many everyday words.)
Why are there so many scientific words that come from Greek ( Because the Greeks made a huge contribution to the field of science.)
2. Now read the instructions for Part B on page 22, work in pairs to put the words mentioned in Part A in the correct fields in Part B
3. Complete Part C on page 23 individually referring to Parts A and B for reference.
AnswersC (1) theatre (2) chorus (3) orchestra (4) History (5) Geography (6) Economics(7) Physics (8) Chemistry(9) Biology (10) technology
3. Complete Part D on page 23 individually and consult with each other or check the dictionary
AnswersD 1 c 2 e 3 a 4 h 5 d6 g 7 I 8 f 9 b
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Unit 2 Witnessing time
Part One Teaching Design
第一部分 教学设计
Aims and requirements
read a newspaper article about the Acropolis and a travel guide to the Ming and Qing Imperial Tombs
listen to a radio programme about the history of the Tower of London
discuss the protection of World Heritage sites and talk to a tour guide
write a letter about the Tower of London
write a proposal to preserve an old building
Procedures
● Welcome to the unit
Step 1 Brainstorming
1. China is a large country with a long history, which has many renowned historic sites.
Can you name some famous Chinese historic sites you are familiar with
The Forbidden City (Imperial Palace) in the heart of Beijing is the largest and most complete imperial palace and ancient building complex in China, and the world at large. Its construction began in 1406 and was completed 14 years later, having a history so far of some 580 years. Twenty-four emperors from the Ming and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties lived and ruled China from there. Most of the buildings in the Forbidden City were rebuilt many times, although they maintained the original architectural style.
The Summer Palace, or Garden of Ease and Harmony,was initially landscaped in 1751, but was destroyed by European troops in 1860 and again in 1900. The Empress Dowager restored the park's buildings in the 1880s and then in 1902.
The Ming Tombs are located about 31 miles from Beijing, with 13 emperors buried in a complex that spreads some 15 square miles. Visitors approach the tombs through The Great Red Gate.
The ruins of Yuanmingyuan are located in the suburbs of Beijing to the north-west of Qinghua University. Yuanmingyuan dates back to the Qing Dynasty. It has the reputation of being “the garden of gardens”. Unfortunately, it was destroyed in a fire. Our government has taken measures to repair it and much restoration work still needs to be done.
2. With the fast development of the modern world, the problems of preserving cultural heritage sites are becoming more and more serious. Nowadays many historic sites have been damaged, leaving only part of the ruins. Do you think it is necessary to rebuild them
3. Please search on the Internet or look up information in books to find out some background information about the four famous historic sites.
For reference:The Colosseum or Coliseum is today the most recognizable of Rome's Classical buildings. Even 2,000 years after it was built, and despite centuries when the abandoned building was pillaged for building materials, it is instantly recognizable ... a Classical template for the stadia of today. It was the first permanent amphitheatre to be raised in Rome, and the most impressive arena the Classical world had yet seen. And with accommodation for 60,000 seated and 10,000 standing, all of whom could enter and leave in a matter of minutes, courtesy of 80 entrances, this is a structure that the designers of modern sports stadium could learn from.The name Colosseum is in fact a much later addition. It was originally known as the Fluvial Amphitheatre, and was conceived as a peculiarly Roman political gesture ... a gift from a new dynasty of Roman emperors to a populace kept happy by bread and circuses.In 68AD Emperor Nero died and with him the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Vespasian, was made emperor by the Senate in the following year and decided the city needed a new amphitheatre. Just like a modern politician, such gestures simultaneously pleased the populace and would (hopefully) leave a lasting monument to the emperor's greatness. Well maybe. The city's first amphitheatre in stone had been built in 29BC by Statilius Taurus, but Caligula (12-41AD) had adjudged it too small and started building his own.
The city of Suzhou has always been called "Paradise on Earth". It is China's well-known "city of gardens", which tops all others in both the number and the artistry of gardens.Dating from Pi Jiang Garden of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Suzhou's art of gardening has undergone a history of 1500 years. Gardens in Suzhou are not large, but are fascinating in their delicate design, containing hills and ponds, pavilions, terraces, corridors and towers. There were once over 200 gardens in the city, and 69 of them are still in good reservation today. Called the Venice of the East, Suzhou's high water table supplies the vast number of ponds and streams found throughout the city and it is these ponds that serve to focus the many elements of the garden within a small space. The concept of Suzhou classical gardens has gone beyond the city limits, since it generally refers to all those private gardens built in the regions south of the Yangtze.The Suzhou gardens originated from the desire to retire from the strife of officialdom and to shun from worldly affairs. It seeks the return to Nature and the cultivation of temperament. In Taoist philosophy and the refinement of culture underlies the theme of the garden. Hills and waters, flowers and trees, pavilions, terraces, towers and halls constitute the basic garden elements, while the prominent tone is expressed in the dark color of roof tiles, the gray of bricks, and chestnut brown of wooden pillars.Suzhou gardens are the Nature in nutshell, which enables one to "feel the charm of mountains, forest and springs without going out of the noisy surroundings of the town". Its human interest also lies in that the architect, philosopher, poet, painter, and common people can all find in it the idea, the flavor, the lines and the rhythm. The unfolding of the garden vistas is the verisimilitude of a landscape scroll. When enjoying tea, poem, and flower arrangement or playing musical instrument in the garden, one gains the most natural inspiration. To those tourists desiring to understand China, Suzhou gardens are the best museum.Gardens in Suzhou are precious heritage of Chinese history and world history.
There are two great complexes of ancient temples in Southeast Asia, one at Bagan in Burma, the other at Angkor in Cambodia. The temples of Angkor, built by the Khmer civilization between 802 and 1220 AD, represent one of humankind's most astonishing and enduring architectural achievements. From Angkor the Khmer kings ruled over a vast domain that reached from Vietnam to China to the Bay of Bengal. The structures one sees at Angkor today, more than 100 stone temples in all, are the surviving remains of a grand religious, social and administrative metropolis whose other buildings - palaces, public buildings, and houses - were built of wood and are long since decayed and gone.
The famous St. Basil's Cathedral was commissioned by Ivan the Terrible and built on the edge of Red Square between 1555 and 1561. Legend has it that on completion of the church the Tsar ordered the architect, Postnik Yakovlev, to be blinded to prevent him from ever creating anything to rival its beauty again. (He did in fact go on to build another cathedral in Vladimir despite his ocular impediment!) The cathedral was built to commemorate Ivan the Terrible's successful military campaign against the Tartar Mongols in 1552 in the besieged city of Kazan. Victory came on the feast day of the Intercession of the Virgin, so the Tsar chose to name his new church the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Virgin on the Moat, after the moat that ran beside the Kremlin. The church was given the nickname "St. Basil's" after the "holy fool" Basil the Blessed (1468-1552), who was hugely popular at that time with the Muscovites masses and even with Ivan the Terrible himself. St. Basil's was built on the site of the earlier Trinity Cathedral, which at one point gave its name to the neighboring square.
Step 2 Sharing information
Group work. Look at the four pictures at page 1. Let’s study them one by one and try to discuss some questions in groups of four.
Picture 1
When was the Colosseum built (In the 1st century BC)
What was it used for (It was an amphitheatre or arena that was used for displays of combat and wild-beast shows.)
How big is it (It was designed to hold 50,000 spectators.)
Picture 2
What is Suzhou famous for (It is famous for its splendid scenery, especially its classical gardens.)
Have you visited the classical gardens there If so, what did you see
Of all the gardens, which impressed you most (The Lingering Garden impressed me most. Before I visited the garden, I couldn’t help wondering why it was given that name. Only then did I understand the real meaning. Everyone was so fascinated by the beautiful scenery there that they lingered in the garden and were reluctant to leave.)
Picture3
Where was the temple complex built
(In Cambodia)
When was it built
(In the early years of the 12th century.)
Why was it built
(It was built to honor the Hindu god Vishnu.)
Picture 4
When and where was the Cathedral built (In Moscow between 1555 and 1560.)
Do you know anything special about the Cathedral
(The Cathedral consists of nine individual churches, each of which is crowned by a unique tower. The central tower is surrounded by eight-point light for mankind.)
What do you feel when seeing the church
Are the towers in harmony with each other
Step3: Discussion:
1. Do you know anything about the historic sites in the pictures
2. Do you think it is a good idea to rebuild historic sites that have been damaged or destroyed Why or why not
3. Which modern buildings do you think will be famous in 1,000 years
Sample answers:1. Of all the four historic sites, I know the classical gardens of Suzhou best. I have been to Suzhou twice and paid a visit to the classical gardens. They are so well designed and built that they look really natural. Of all the gardens, the Humble Administrator’s Garden, the Lingering Garden, the Master-of-Nets Garden and the Mountain Villa are the most famous. Whenever you are there, you’ll be fascinated by Suzhou’s splendid scenery. It is no wonder that Suzhou is called the earthly paradise.2. In my point of view, it is a really good idea to rebuild historic sites that have been damaged or destroyed. Historic sites reflect the history and culture of a particular period, which helps people remember what has happened before so that they will not forget the past. Besides, rebuilding historic sites may promote local tourism. In turn, this may improve the local environment and preserve its natural beauty. In conclusion, I strongly recommend historic sites be rebuilt. 3. I think that the National Stadium in Beijing for the 2008 Olympics will be famous in 1,000 years. There’s no doubt that the venue will be a landmark in the city of Beijing. Not only can it accommodate a maximum of 100,000 spectators, but also its nest-like appearance from the outside reminds people of getting back to nature. That’s why people gave it the nickname, “the Bird Nest”. Your first sight of the design will surprise you. It’s so unique that you cannot take your eyes off it.
For reference:1.The Colosseum of RomeThe Colosseum of Rome, built nearly 2,000 years ago, is considered to be one of the greatest archaeological monuments in the world. The Colosseum is a vast ellipse which was designed to hold as many as 50, 000 spectators. This amphitheatre was mainly used for sporting events. You could hardly imagine that even naval battles were staged in it. Today, the wonder is in a partially ruined stale and the Italian government has been trying to restore the famous historic site. For more information, you may visit the following website:http://www./builings/Roman-Colosseum.html ( http: / / www. / builings / Roman-Colosseum.html )2.The classical gardens of SuzhouSuzhou, with a history of more than 2,500 years, is known as the earthly paradise, because of its splendid scenery and especially its classical gardens. There were once more than 200 gardens in the city, many of which are still in good preservation today. The classical gardens of Suzhou were designed and built by great masters of different dynasties. As a result, despite being man-made, they are incredibly natural. Of all the gardens, the Humble Administrator’s Garden, the Lingering Garden, the Mastyer-of-NETS Garden and the Mountain Villa are the most famous. For more information about the classical gardens of Suzhou, you may visit the following website:http://www.szgarden.sz./english/ ( http: / / www.szgarden.sz. / english / )3. Agkor WatAngkor Wat, located in Siemreap Province, Cambodia, is considered to be one of the most glorious and world-famous pieces of architecture. It consists of more than 100 temples, which were built between the 7th and 11th centuries. Since its construction, Angkor Wat has been the cultural home of the Khmer people. It is evidence of the Khmer’s strong belief in both the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. For more information about Angkor Wat, you may visit the following website: http://www.angkorwat.org/ ( http: / / www.angkorwat.org / )4. St Basil’s Cathedral in MoscowSt Bail’s Cathedral was built on the edge of Red Square in the mid-16th century. The cathedral consists of nine individual churches, each of which is crowned by a unique tower. The central tower is surrounded by eight towers, each topped with an eight-point star symbolizing the Christian Church as a guiding light for mankind. For more information, you may visit the following website: http://www.moscow-/chruches/st-basils-cathedral.html ( http: / / www.moscow- / chruches / st-basils-cathedral.html )
Step4: Homework:
Prepare the Reading part.
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●Project Writing a proposal for saving a building
Throughout history, few ancient historic sites have completely avoided damage, some even suffered complete damage. At the beginning of this period, let’s enjoy a section of video: Yuanmingyuan.
How are you feeling when seeing the destruction of “the garden of gardens”, yuanmingyuan
Do you think it necessary to take measures to restore and preserve it
There are so many historic sites which need repairing and preserving and in this part we’ll learn to write a proposal for saving and protecting a building.
Part A: Reading
1. Read the article about the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. Scan the text and answer the following questions:
Why are the Ming Tombs called Shisanling (It is home to thirteen Ming emperors.)
Apart from shisanling, which is the most famous Ming Tomb (Xiaoling.)
How many Qing emperors were buried in Hebei Province (Nine.)
1. Read the passage again and take notes of the historic sites.
The Ming Imperial Tombs:Most of the Ming Tombs are located in Shisanling, north-west of Beijing.The Sacred Way leads to the thirteen tombs.Changling is the largest and best preserved.The Ling’en Palace is known for its simple design and painted ceiling.Xiaoling is located in the suburbs of the first Ming emperor.
The Qing Imperial Tombs:The Qing Tombs are similar to the Ming Tombs in terms of architecture and their choice of site.Dingling, located in Hebei Province, contains the first imperial tombs of the Manchu rulers.Xiling, located in Hebei Province, is smaller than Dongling.Xiling contains the tombs of four Qing emperors.Xiling has three broad stone gates.
Preservation and recognition of the tombs:Serious attention has been given to preservation of the Ming and Qing Tombs.All of the tombs have suffered some damage.Dongling has been under the protection of the state government.Xiaoling has been restored.The deadlines for completing restoration of Changling and Zhao ling have been set.International recognition is part and parcel of preserving and restoring historical sites.We need to take the responsibility to treasure and protect these monuments.
3. Do you think international recognition is helpful to protect historic sites
Why or why not
4. Do Parts B1 and B2 on page 111 in Workbook to practise the usages of some words and phrases learnt in this section.
5. Do Parts D 1 and D2 on page 113 in Workbook as your homework.
Part B:
1. Group work: Discuss the eight questions in Part B.
Who is providing the funding for the preservation of the tombs
Why are the tombs included in the World Heritage list
Which local building will your group research Why
How will you find out more about this building
What are the dangers that the building faces
How can the building be saved and protected
What kind of arguments will you use to convince the local government to act to save and preserve the building
Who will collect information and who will write up the proposal
2. Each group member will be responsible for one part to preserve the building. Express your opinions freely
3. Write a proposal for saving and protection the building. Then report your proposal to the class.
Homework:
Read the article in Part A on page 117 in Workbook, and then write an account of the Lugou Bridge.
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●Task Writing a letter about the Tower of London
Skills building 1: listening for discourse markers
1. Discourse markers are a new concept to most of you students. I’d like one of you to read the following radio transcript and pay attention to how the ideas are connected. Underline the phrases in the transcript.
Different colours are often associated with different cultures. Of all the colours, I like green best. There are a variety of reasons for this. To begin with, this colour is often associated with nature. It may remind you of green grass or green willows in spring. In addition, green is thought of as a cold colour which may help people calm down and become less stressed. Staying in a room coloured green, you may keep a cool head. Apart from these, this magical colour can also help you feel comfortable, for example, if you feel tired of working or studying, by focusing on some green trees far away, your eyes will definitely have a good rest. Taking all the above into consideration, I think green has a magic power and is certainly my favourite colour.
2. Please read the guidelines on top of page 26, pay attention to the underlined phrases in the listening transcript, which are discourse markers used to show the connection between what the speaker is saying and what has already been said.
3. Please read the most commonly used discourse markers and their functions on page 26
Step 1: listening to a radio programme:
In this part you will listen to a radio programme about the history of the Tower of London. You are expected to write down the discourse markers that you hear at the beginning of each new section.
1. First, please study the left column of the table on page 26, which introduces the Tower of London, answer some questions:
Who first used the site (The Romans.)
What happened in 1066 (The Norman Duke William conquered England.)
What was the purpose of building the Tower of London (For protection.)
Do kings still live there (No.)
What were the functions of the Tower (As a prison, a place for storing and making weapons, a zoo and a safe.)
Which is the most popular part of the Tower (The Jewel House.)
2. Now I’ll play the recording and you try to finish Part A on page 26.
TapescriptHost: The Tower of London is one of the most famous and well-preserved historic buildings in the world, it has been here for more than nine hundred years and over two million tourists visit it each year. Before I explain its history, I must point out that the Tower is, in fact, not just one tower, but a whole complex of buildings surrounded by walls. The soldiers who look after the Tower----and who now also act as tour guides---still live there with their families.To get back to the history, the Romans first used the site over two thousand years ago when they ruled England. The next important date in the Tower of London’s history is one thousand sixty-six. It’s a year that every schoolchild in England knows because that was when the Norman Duke William came from France and conquered England. Well, he built the Tower as a place to protect himself from the English people he had conquered, and to impress them with his power, nevertheless, most of the later kings did not like to live there for long, even though many of them added a number of new towers and other buildings, the Tower was famous for a second function as well----that of a prison--- and by the time of King Henry the eighth, in the sixteenth century, some very famous prisoners were kept there. Moreover, one of these included one of his wives, Anne Boleyn, who was put to death there----by having her head cut off.Another important and perhaps dangerous function of the Tower was that it was used as a place for storing and making weapons, which lasted until the middle of the nineteenth century. At first, swords were made and stored there, and later guns were. It is still possible for visitors to see many of these weapons now. Weapons were not the only dangerous thing stored in the Tower throughout its history. A fourth function and an interesting one was that part of the Tower was used as a zoo, beginning in the thirteenth century and ending in eighteen thirty-two. Many of the wild animals kept there, including lions, were gifts from visitors. From the earliest days of the zoo. These wild animals were used to entertain the royal family and their guests.The final function of the Tower that I want to talk about is that of a safe. From the fourteenth century onwards, the Tower was used to store the royal jewels and the royal wardrobe. All the precious stones, the fine clothes and so on were kept securely in the Tower. From the sixteen hundreds onwards, they were on view to the public. In fact, the most popular part of the Tower for visitors today is the Jewel House, where the precious royal jewels are kept.
3. Listen to the tape again, and check the answers.
AnswersA (1) in fact(2) to get back to(3) the next important point(4) well(5) nevertheless(6) a second(7) moreover(8) another(9) a fourth(10) the final function (11) in fact
4. Read aloud the instructions of Part B on page 27 and finish the notes with the help of the discourse markers in the right column of the table
TapescriptHost: Today we are speaking to Doctor Helen Jones, an expert on the Tower of London. Good mooring, Doctor Jones. First of all, can you tell us about the design of the Tower Jones: Good morning. Well, first we must understand that when the Tower was built, its purpose was to protect the people inside. Like many castles, it is really like a small town, with a body of water like a river around it and walls between the river and the small town. In other words, it had a water channel with a bridge that could be pulled up to stop enemies from entering the Tower. The most important places within the walls were on the corners, from which any enemy could be shot at. The first weapon used to protect against enemies was the bow and arrow, and later, this was replaced with guns. In addition, the windows in the towers had to be very small, so no one could shoot inside.Host: So why is it called the Tower of London when, in fact, it is not just one tower but a complex of buildings Jones: It was originally named after one of the buildings in the complex, the Great Tower, which was later called the White Tower when one of the kings had it painted white. Afterwards, kings kept adding more towers and buildings. In fact, there are now twenty-two towers altogether.Host: What other buildings have been built Jones: Well, now, there are buildings where the staff lives, churches and a great hall that was built for special occasions. Then there is accommodation where the soldiers live and work. There is also a place to store the royal wardrobe and the royal jewels. Over a period of nine hundred years, many buildings have been destroyed and others built, but the main design has stayed the same.
Answers B (1) the people (2)water (3)pulled up (4)twenty-two (5) churches (6)soldiers (7)wardrobe (8) jewels
5. Read the instructions in Part C. focus on the executioner, the victims, and when and why the victims were killed.
Answers C The executioners: King Henry VIII; King James The victims: Anne Boleyn; Sir Walter Raleigh When and why the victims were killed: Anne Boleyn was killed in 1536 because she had failed to give birth to a son for King Henry VIII. Walter Raleigh was killed in 1618 because he failed to find gold for King James.
Skills building 2: stressing syllables and words
1. Group work: Discussion: How to use pauses, intonation and correct pronunciation to communicate with other people in English
When you learn to use a new language to communicate with others, what do you think is very important ( It is vitally important for one to learn how to pronounce a new language correctly as the correct pronunciation helps people understand what you are saying. Good pronunciation also helps people communicate better with each other.)When we are talking, what should we pay attention to ( When speaking English, they need to pay attention to pauses, intonation, correct pronunciation of words and stress in words and sentences)
2. Go over the guidelines on top of page 28, read aloud the following sentences.
The weather is good enough for a picnic today.
I’d like to attend the meeting this afternoon, but I’m very busy.
(In the first sentence, we stress the words ‘good’ and ‘picnic’ as they are the most important pieces of information. While in the second sentence, we stress ‘like’, ‘attend’ and ‘busy’ as they are the most important pieces of information.)
Step 2: asking about the crown jewels
1. Go through the points in the left column on page 28, list as many questions as possible.
2. Study the answers in the right column.
3. Acting: Work in pairs, making a dialogue. One acts as the tourist and the other as the tour guide.
Sample answersTourist=t Tour guide=GT: Excuse me, sir. I’m very interested in the crown jewels. Could you spare me a few minutes G: Sure. T: Are the crown jewels real or just imitations G: Definitely real.T: Are they insured G: No. Because they are so priceless that no company can insure them.T: That sounds interesting. Then is there anyone who has ever tried to steal them G: Yes. In 1671, a man called Thomas blood did try it.T: What happened then G: He did not succeed. Instead, he was caught as soon as he got outside.T: Great. Does anyone still wear them nowadays G: Yes. For example, the Imperial State Crown is worn at coronations.T: Who was the last person to wear it G: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. T: When did it happen G: In 1953.T: Wow. It seems that there are so many stories about them. I really learnt a lot.G: You’re welcome.
Skills building 3: writing informally about a formal topic
1. Revise the format of letter
What and how do we write on an envelope
What information do we need to put on a letter sheet
2. Read the instructions at the top of page 29 and try to understand how personal comments can be included in a more informal style of writing.
3. Suppose that you have just returned from an art exhibition about Guilin. There were photos and paintings on the topic. Please give your personal comments on the exhibition.
What impressed you most
What was your favourite part of the exhibition
What do you think needs more improvement
What do you think of the exhibition as a whole
Step 3: writing a letter back home
In this part, you are required to write a letter about the Tower of London based on the information you have collected in Steps 1 and 2. You’re expected to practise the skills you have learnt in Skills building 1, 2 and 3.
1. Read the instructions in Step 3, so you can learn that you are going to write a letter about the Tower of London with the information you gathered in Steps 1 and 2.
2. Group work: work in groups of four to write an outline. When writing, you may refer to the words and expressions for giving an opinion in Skills building 3. Make sure that personal comments are included in writing.
3. Check misspelling and ask several groups to read the letters to the class.
Possible example25 Sept.Dear Mum and Dad,Hello from London! I have just come back from the Tower of London and I want to tell you all about it. The Tower of London has a long and interesting history. The Tower is not just one tower, but a whole complex of buildings. the Tower was built in 1066 by the Norman Duke William who conquered England. He originally built it as a palace to protect himself. However, much to my surprise, it was used as a prison later on. I read about one of the sad stories. It says Anne Boleyn was killed by her husband, King Henry VIII, in the Tower because she had failed to give birth to a son. In my opinion, the most popular part of the Tower for visitors is the Jewel House, where I saw the priceless crown jewels. At first, I thought they were just imitations but I was wrong, my tour guide also told me a really interesting story about the jewels. He said a man called Thomas Blood tried to steal the jewels in 1671, but was caught as soon as he got outside. So we were lucky enough to have a chance to see the jewels of great value. I hope you can come and see them one day.Love,(student’s own name)
4. Complete the notes on page 116 in Workbook after listening to the recordings. And then complete the article in Part C on the same page.
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Reading The Acropolis now
by Valia katsis
Step 1: Lead-in
Let’s enjoy some pictures, which country or city can you think of when seeing the pictures
(Athens, the capital city of Greece)
The Ancient City of Athens is a photographic archive of the archaeological and architectural remains of ancient Athens (Greece). It is intended primarily as a resource for students and teachers of classical art & archaeology, civilization, languages, and history as a supplement to their class lectures and reading assignments and as a source of images for use in term papers, projects, and presentations. We also hope that this site will be useful to all who have an interest in archaeological exploration and the recovery, interpretation, and preservation of the past.
Have you ever been there
Then do you know what the greatest symbol of Athens is
Let’s enjoy a section of video. (the Acropolis)
Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas
Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions in part A. Just focus on and identify the information needed to answer these questions.
Answers A 1 In the 5th century BC 2 It was made of marble. 3 UNESCO
Step 3: Detailed reading for important information
1. Let’s read the passage a second time and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 20.
AnswersC1 1 In philosophy, science, mathematics, art, architecture, theatre, politics and sport.2 On the hill called the Sacred Rock in the centre of the city..3 It was built there so that it was convenient for everyone to get to. Also because it was on the hill, the Acropolis could be seen from every part of the city.4 They have been damaged partly by natural things like earthquakes. And partly by man.5 The last major destruction occurred with the theft of many of the best sculptures in 1801, when an Englishman started to take them to London6 Its aim is to undertake the complete, professional restoration of the Acropolis7 Because they believe that the prevention of damage from ignorance and from people not caring about protecting the monument is very important.8 More important historic buildings would be damaged
Answers C2
Causes Details Actions
Chemical acid rain from air pollution a steady cleaning programme
Biological plant roots and bird droppings a steady cleaning programme
Natural earthquakes to be fixed
Mechanical bad reconstruction to be fixed
Human agency deliberate damagewalking around the Acropolis stealing stones educational workeducational work ask for return
2. Listen to the tape and try to complete Part D and Part E.
Answers D 1 d 2 a 3 j 4 c 5 b 6 f 7 e 8 i 9 h 10 g E (1) Athens (2) Athena (3) people (4) plant (5) government (6) undertake (7) ignorance (8) conservation (9) monument (10) sculptures
3. Read the text again and choose the best answers according to the text:
1. Which of the followings was not a Greek invention
A. The Western alphabet.
B. Roman alphabet.
C. Architecture.
D. Marathon
2. Why was the Acropolis built on the hill called the Sacred Rock in the centre of the city
A. To associate ancient Greek civilization with the capital city of Athens.
B. It was constructed at a high altitude above the city in honour of Athens.
C. Because there are three main temples to Athens.
D. Because it was convenient for everyone to get to and could be seen from every past of the city.
3. In which year did the Acropolis receive a World Heritage listing from UNESO
A. 1835 B. 1975 C. 1987 D. 2004
Keys: CDC
Step 3: Post-reading activities
1. Pair work:
Please introduce the causes of the damage done to the Acropolis and the ways to protect it to other group members, with the help of the chart in Part C2Discuss the following question: Why do you think it is necessary and important to preserve World Heritage sites ……
2. Let’s come to Part F. Work in pairs and share your opinions with each other.
3. Please do Parts A1 and A2 on page 110 in Workbook to practise using some words and phrases.
Step 5: Language points:
Vocabulary words mathematics theatre politics alphabet marathon messenger altitude goddess sacred ivory column marble smooth partly Turk defeat seize warehouse gunpowder explosion theft sculpture transfer friction restore construction restoration unintentionally gesture professional heritage reconstruct particularly glory steady root droppings educational consensus prevention ignorance
useful expressions in particular seize control of have a great impact on be responsible for make advances in associate with transfer to make progress in protect from
sentence patterns 1. In particular, we associate ancient Greek civilization with the capital city of Athens, the greatest symbol of which is the Acropolis.2. It was built there so that it was it was convenient for everyone to get to, and because it was on the hill. The Acropolis could be seen from every part of the city.
Step6: Homework
Read the text again and again. Try to memorize the language points.
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