定语从句专题课件(辽宁省朝阳市)

课件37张PPT。Attributive clauseMade by Gao YanhuiGrammar定语从句Attributive clause (限制性定语从句)

先行词和关系词定语从句 关系代词如何引导定语从句 关系代词的使用方法 定语从句中需注意事项关系副词的用法习题非限定性定语从句 定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。
例： The girl behind the tree is Kate.
The man driving too fast was a drunk(酒醉的 ).


定语从句
在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.
The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.
Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词关系词定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系代词关系副词which, who, whom, whose, that等Where, when why等先行词和关系词
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
先行词、关系词/引导词
{对等 } 代替
That is the bike which my father bought for me.
先行词＝关系词 bike关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充当某种成分。
定语从句: 是指在复合句中, 修饰 或
的从句.
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做 “ ”. 引导定语从句的词叫“ ” 名词代词先行词关系词关系代词如何引导定语从句
普通代词与关系代词的区别
I have a sister.She works in Shanghai.
代替 sister
I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.
普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)
关系代词： （如上例who/which）
1. 除了代替先行词外，
2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分，
3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。
（把主句和从句连起来）指代
所做成分
是否可省略that人；物主语；宾语作宾语可省
which物主语；宾语作宾语可省
who人主语；宾语
作宾语可省
whom人宾语可省whose人；物
定语
不可省
关系代词的用法 说明如下
The building is our school.
+The building stands by the river.
= The building which/that stands by the river is our school.
先行词 关系词
从句

which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building,
同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。{主语是单数} 关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.
(主句) The woman is my mother
(从句) The woman is speaking at the meeting. The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are
famous scientists.
(主句)The women are famous scientists.
(从句)The women are speaking at the meeting.{主语是复数} 关系词判 断 步 骤 :
首先，要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用
who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that
然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表
最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数(请看以上例句)注意 定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。
. The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.
(主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时)
(从句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday.
(句中yesterday表示过去时间)定语从句的辨认（思考步骤）
找出先行词
a.确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。
b.确定定语从句的位置
确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格
确定从句的时态 （定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）关系代词的使用方法
定语从句常用的关系代词有：that 、who(m)、whose、which等。
that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省.）
1) A plane is a machine that can fly.
A plane is a machine which can fly.
2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday?
Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday?
3)Have you found the bike that you lost?
Have you found the bike which you lost?
Have you found the bike 省略 you lost?


2. which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。
( which 与that 指物时可以互相代替，that 更常见。）
1) His father works in a factory that makes TV sets.
His father works in a factory which makes TV sets.
2)The film that we saw last night was very wonderful.
The film which we saw last night was very wonderful.
The film 省略 we saw last night was very wonderful.
3. who 指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom 是宾格,只能作宾语。(that有时也指人.代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语) 1)The girls who weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my
classmates.
The girls that weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my
classmates. 2) He knew the teacher who we met yesterday.
He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday.
He knew the teacher (that) we met yesterday.4.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。
I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen .
I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.I’ll call a person. His father knows you.
I’ll call a person whose father knows you.Please show me the book . Its cover is red.
Please show me the book whose cover is red.I can’t find the house .My friend lives in it.
I can’t find the house whose friend lives in it.1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of.
This is the hero of whom we are proud .
This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)She is the girl whom I went with there.
She is the girl with whom I went there.
She is the girl that I went with there.
She is the girl 省略 I went with there.
注意:
固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at …关系代词与介词
介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,
和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略) 3 )The room (that) I live in is very big.
The room (which) I live in is very big.
The room in which I live is very big.
The room where I live is very big.
4).I want to find the pen (that) I wrote the letter with.
I want to find the pen (which) I wrote the letter with.
I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter. Here are the picture-books that the children are looking for .
Here are the picture-books which the children are looking for.
Here are the picture-books the children are looking for. 定语从句中需注意事项
有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which
1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.
This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard.
The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the
afternoon.
2.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时,只能用that.
Here is something( that) I will tell you.
Not all that glitters is gold.
3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句
I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.4.先行词是one of,the one, 或用little,few, no, all,any 作修饰，用that
Is it the one that you want ?
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，关系词用that
Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?从例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用
用who,而不用that
1.先行词是one(s),anyone,someone, those时，关系词使用who
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth.
2.在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who
There is an old man who wants to see you.
There are many young men who are against him.关系副词的用法
关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有 数种作用。
在从句中代替先行词。
在句中作状语。
连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。 关系副词有三种：
where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. ( on/in/at…which)=that
when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on/ in…which)=that
why: 在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。 =that
关系副词的用法指代所做成分是否可省略when时间状语
否where地点状语否why原因状语否关系副词的用法：
1.where 的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）
The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed

=The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean.
＝The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.
＝The hotel which we stayed at wasn’t clean

＝The hotel 关系词略we stayed at wasn’t clean .
at the hotel.
We stayedthere.先行词关系词从句从句＝共有五个不同的句子来表达。2.when的用法： （先行词应是表示时间的名词）
I’ll never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day.
I’ll never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语)
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the League .
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.从句3.why的用法： ( 表示原因的名词)
The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party.
The reason that I’m calling you is to invite you to a party
The reason I’m calling you is to invite you to a party 略 在口语中,关系副词where、when、why 常被that 代替,也可省略。 Exerc ses
I.Rewrite the sentences
II.Choose the best answers
III.TranslateI.把下列单句合并成含有定语从句的复合句.1.The little girl was crying on the street.Her money had been stolen.
2.The colour of the bike is green.Have you seen the bike?
3.The student didn’t agree with us.The student was standing under the tree.
4.Where is the man? The man talked with you just now.
5.The watch is very nice. He gave me the watch for my birthday.
6.The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yesterday.
7.The teacher is our English teacher. You saw her on the playground.
The little girl whose money had been stolen was crying on the street.Have you seen the bike whose colour is green.The student who was standing under the tree didn’t agree with us.
Where is the man who talked with you just now?
The watch(that) he gave me for my birthday is very nice.
The book( that/which) you lent me yesterday is very interesting.
The teacher(who/that)you saw on the playground is our English teacher8. The letter is from my friend. I received it yesterday.

9. I’m reading a book. Its name is “Who Moved My Cheese”
10.He works in a school. There is a big store near it.
11.He used to live in a house.In front of it grew many apple trees.
12.This is the room. We lived in it last year.
13.The children are very healthy. She is looking after them.
14.I know the boy.He can speak English well.The letter(that/which) I received yesterday is from my friend.
I’m reading a book whose name is “Who Moved My Cheese” He works in a school near which there is a big store .This is the room (that/which)we lived in last year.
This is the room in which /where we lived last year.
The children (who/that)she is looking after them are very healthy.
I know the boy who/that can speak English well
He used to live in a house in front of which grew many apple trees15.The season is summer.It comes after spring.
16.The man was American.I spoke to him yesterday.
17.I can’t find the house.My friend lives in it.
18.I know the boy.You are looking for him.
19.This is the town.He was born in the town.
20.We arrived here on the day.Do you remember it?The season which comes after spring is summer.The man (whom /that)I spoke to yesterday was American.
The man to whom I spoke yesterday was American.I can’t find the house (which /that) my friend lives in.
I can’t find the house in which /where my friend lives.I know the boy (whom/who/that) you are looking for.This is the town (which/that) he was born in.
This is the town in which/where he was born.Do you remember the day( that/which) we arrived here on?
Do you remember the day on which we arrived here?
Do you remember the day when we arrived here?
II.单项选择。
1. This is the job ______they laughed at. A.which B.as C.it D.who
2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park______built about 300 years ago.
A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where
3. Who was the grey-haired man ______at yesterday’s meeting?
A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen
4. The man ______is painting the house is my uncle.
A.he B.whom C.whose D.who
5. What is the animal ______baby is sleeping in its pocket?
A.who B.whose C.its D.which
6. This book is for the students ______native language isn’t English.
A.that B.of whom C.whose D.who’s
7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!I’ll shoot anyone ______moves!”
A.whom B.that C.who D.whose
8.The dictionary_____he paid 50 yuan for is very useful.
A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which
9The boy_____parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now.
A.whose B.who C.his D/
10.The man________is smoking is a tailor. A.whom B.who C.which D.what _______ACBDBCCAAB11—Which animal is your favourite? —The one ______has a long neck.
A.which B.that C.it D.who
12.Is this the factory _____produces colour TV sets? A.what B./C.which D.where
13.The high building ______is a big hotel.
A.that he is looking B.which he is looking
C.we are looking at D.at that we are looking
14Is there anyone ___ can answer this question? A.which B.whom C.who D.he
15.In the afternoon we’ll visit the high school ______is very famous here.
A.which B.where C.it D./
16.The fox ______ the chickens were killed was shot.
A.that B.which C.for that D.by which
17.The computer ______can store a lot of information is widely used today.
A.in which B.that C.with which D.where
18.Is this the bookstore_______you visited yesterday?
A.that B.where C.in which D.the one
19.Yesterday they saw the man and the dog _____ran after each other on the road.
A.who B.which C.that D.as
20.Shanghai is the place in _____he was born.
A.which B.what C.whose D.thatBCCCADBACA21.—Do you know the man ______is painting the house?
—Of course.He’s my uncle. A. whom B.who C.which D.whose
22.The hospital ______was built last year will open soon.
A.where B.which C.who D./
23.This is the elephant ______left ear was shot.
A.who B.that C.its D.whose
24.The hospital ______his father works in is a new one.
A.that B.in that C.in which D.where
26.The man ______watch was stolen is talking to the police.
A.his B.who C.who’s D.whose
27The knife_____I cut the apple______can’t be found.
A.which,in B.which ,with C.that ,by D.that ,for
28.Who has taken the dictionary________ cover is broken ？
A.which B.that C.who D.whose
29.Who is the girl to ______you just now talked ？
A.who B.whom C.that D.whose
30.This is the book_________I’m looking for.
A./ B.which C.that D.all the aboveBBDADBDBD31This is the only book ________I bought last year.
A.which B.that C.what D.Both A and B
32.All__________I’m going to do is good. A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B
33.The building_______ roof we can see is a hospital.
A.whose B.which C.who’s D.at which
34.This is the best book______I have read.
A .that B. which C.what D.Both A and B
35.This is the school__________ I worked seven years ago.
A.in which B.in that C.which D. that
36.All the books__________I put on the desk are yours.
A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B
37.It’s quite different from___________I saw last mouth.
A.which B.the one C that D. the one what
38.Is this the river______I can swim? A.which B.that C.in which D.the one
39.Watch the old lady and her dog_______________are crossing the street.
A. which B. that C .who D.they
40.Can you lend me the dictionary___________the other day?
A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought it
BAAAAABCBA41.The church __________we saw by the river was built a century ago.
A.where B.which C.what D.in which
42.Do you know who is living in that house _________windows face south?
A.whose B.which C which of D.its
43.Anyone _________with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree
44This is the last time ________I’ll give you a lesson.
A.when B.that C.what D.as
45.I don’t think the number of people_________ this happens is very large.
A.who B.to whom C.to which D.that
46.Here is the dress______________in the shop window.
A.You saw it B.that you saw it C.that saw it D.you saw
47.I was the only person in my office_______was invited.
A.who B.whom C which D.what
48.The man ______hair is yellow is the thief. A.who B.whose C.that D.which
49.This is the most beautiful bird ______________I have ever seen.
A.which B .that C.who D.whose
50.The person to_______you talked is our maths teacher.
A.which B.whose C.that D. whomBACABBDBBD 根据汉语完成句子：
1.This is the engineer_______________________________________
(给我们作关于计算机报告的) the other day.
2.My necklace is not _____________________________(唯一不见的东西）
3.The man________________________(在这间房子里工作的)is a chemist.
4.The old building_________________________(我们住的)has been here for 30 years.
5.The history book _________________________(封皮是黄的）was lost.
6.Her is the pen _________________________________(你昨天丢失的）
7.This is the best book_______________________________(我读过的）
8.I have lost the pen____________________________（我父亲给我买的）
9.Wheat is a plant ___________________________________（中国北方
种植的）
10.I don’t like the people______________________________(说得多可
做得少的）who gave us a talk about computersthe only thing that’s missingwho works in the room(that/which) we live inwhose cover is yellow (that)you lost yesterday.(that) I have read(which/that) my father bought me which/that is grown in the north of Chinawho talk too much but do little猜猜看,下面的句子明白了吗?
1.不懂装懂，一事无成.
He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything , is indeed a good-for –nothing.
2.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.
He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.
3.万事开头难
It’s the first step that costs.
4.千里之行，始于足下。
He who would climb that ladder must begin at the bottom.
5.自满的人腹中空.
He who is full of himself is very empty.
6.闪光的未必都是金子
Not all that glitters is gold.

限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略引导词：who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where等，不用that,不能省略 Have fun进入
课文
学习2003.5.14