5th period Grammar and usage
南京九中 孔学军
说明：Adverbial clause; noun clause; attributive clause各上一个课时
Teaching aims:
(1) Master the usage of clauses.
(2) Practice about clauses.
Important points & difficult points: Adverbial clause; noun clause; attributive clause
状语从句
状语从句一般分为九大类 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从
句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句
1.时间状语从句：
引导时间状语从句的连词有：when, while, as, the moment, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as 等。请注意 when, while, as 的区别
when ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。
When I opened the window, I saw him come up.
When I have time, I will go to see you.
When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.
He said he would tell her about it when he saw her.
*注意：在时间状语从句中，主从句都是将来的动作或状态时，习惯上主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。
when --- 正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。
I was walking along the street, when I met him.
I was about to fall asleep when my sister came in.
One evening, little Hans was sitting near the fire when he heard a loud knock at the door.
when 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。
Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.
When I was leaving the house, the postman arrived.
When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.
while ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。
While we were in America, we saw him twice.
While we were talking, he came in.
Strike while the iron is hot.
while ---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。
We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing football.
The soldier faces the powder while the beauty powder the face.
While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.
as --- 一边……一边, 随着
She was doing her homework as she was listening to music.
As she grew older, she became more beautiful.
as --- 当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。
As I was going out, it began to rain.
I saw Mary as she was going on the bus.
As he was eating his breakfast, he heard someone knock at the door.
Someone patted me on the shoulder as I was standing before the shop window.
the moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately,
---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.
not… until --- 直到……才
He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.
=He left the office when he finished the work.
before --- 在……之前
The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.
Did you work as a stewardess before you come to this company?
He ran off before I could stop him.
It was not long before I forgot it all.
(It was /will be …before… 是常用句型)
after --- 在…… 之后
The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.
The plane took off after the air traffic controller gave clearance.
since ---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时
I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.
The captain has traveled almost everywhere in the world since he became a pilot.
It is just a week since we arrived here.
(It is /has been… since…是常用句型）
as soon as --- 一……就……
Jack went to school as soon as he got well.
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.
no sooner than --- 一……就……
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒装
once --- 一旦……就……
Once you see him, you will never forget him.
every time, each time 每次whenever 每当
Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.
Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
2.条件状语从句
引导状语从句的连接词有:
If, unless, as long as, in case, provided that, on condition that
if ---如果
If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.
If it snows tomorrow, the flight will be canceled.
If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.
unless --- 如果不, 除非=if not
We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight.
= We cannot get there on time if we don’t book the earliest flight.
He will not join us unless he changes his mind.
Don’t trouble trouble unless trouble troubles you.
as long as --- 只要
We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.
You can’t play games as long as you remember the rules.
A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.
as (so) far as --- 据……所知
As far as I know, he speaks English very well.
As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.
in case --- 假使, 如果
The plane cannot take off in case it rains.
Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.
provided that 如果,有时省略 that
The plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.
You can become a stewardess provided that you are in good shape and you have got the proper education.
on condition that --- 条件是…
He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.
The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy airplane on condition that he passes his English test.
注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。
If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.
He said he would not leave unless it was fine next day.
3.地点状语从句
地点状语从句只有两个连词:
Where, wherever
where --- 在……地方
Put the medicine where you can easily get it.
Where that high building stands, there used to be some low, deserted houses.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
wherever --- 无论哪里
He follows her wherever she goes.
Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.
4.原因状语从句
because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.
because --- 因为,通常从句放在主句后.
Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.
He said that he couldn’t work because the computer was out of order.
I succeed because I willed it, I never hesitated.
I do it because I like it.
as --- 因为, 通常放在句首
As it is quite windy today, he decides
As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.
since ---既然 因语气较弱, 常译为既然
Since everybody has come, we can set off.
Since the purser didn’t tell us what to do, we can relax.
now that --- 既然
Now that you are here, you can join us.
Now that all airlines offer discount prices, we should do the same.
considering that --- 顾及到
Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.
seeing that --- 由于
Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to
put the meeting off.
5.结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有：
that, so that, so…that…
such…that
so… that --- 太……以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用that
Boeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb.
The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it.
so that --- 因而，以便
Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I can put mine in the overhead bin too？
Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.
When you skin your customers, you should leave some skin on to grow so that you can skin them again.
such …that… ---太……以至于 用法与so…that相同，但such 后面应用名词。
The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.
The Canadian airline’s hangar is such a huge building that it can hold two medium-range jets at the same time.
6.目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:
that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest
so that --- 以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等
Let’s take the front seats so that we may see more clearly.
in order that --- 为了, 与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等
School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.
for fear that --- 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生)
He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.
The instructor emphasized on the issue three times for fear that the students did not pay enough attention to the problem.
in case --- 万一
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.
Please take an umbrella in case it rains.
lest --- 以防万一
The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.
The manager of the workshop asked his staff to work overtime lest they wouldn’t finish the task on time.
7.比较状语从句
引导比较状语从句的连词有：
as…as…, not so (as)…as…, .
…than…, the more… the more...
as…as… --- 像……一样
If you don’t want to miss the flight, you need to be at the airport as early as possible.
My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as 10 years before.
Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food for the body.
not so (as)… as… --- 不像……
The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.
The flight was not so/as harmful as the captain predicted.
…than… ---比……怎么样，用于事物间的比较，more 后面用形容词或副词
People believe that being a stewardess is better than most of the other jobs.
I personally think that the American movies are more interesting than Chinese ones.
A beautiful form is better than a beautiful face; a beautiful behavior (is) than a beautiful form.
the more…, the more --- 越…… 越
The more he listened to that song, the less he enjoyed it.
The more things a man is ashamed of, the more respectable he is.
8.让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有：
although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether
although, though ---虽然 although 和though 可以互换，但although 常放在句首。though可以用于倒装。
Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.
Although it was not his fault, he took all the blame.
Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed.
Child though he was, he did quite well.
as --- 尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。
Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.
Hard as she works, she makes little progress.
even if /even though ---即使
Even if you don't like your boss, you should do your work.
Even if you dislike flowers, you shouldn't miss the rose exhibition.
Even though I might be wrong, I will go my way.
Even though his boss didn't mean it, he still felt embarrassed.
however --- 不论， however 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装
He couldn't get there on time however fast he drove.
The father couldn't make his daughter smile however hard he tried.
no matter (what, when, where, how) ---无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）
The old man wouldn't believe anything no matter what you said.
Please tell me the result no matter when you get it.
He wouldn't forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.
I will find you no matter where you hide.
whatever --- 不管
Whatever other people may say, she won't change her mind.
Whatever you do, it won't affect our plan.
while ---尽管
While I have sympathy for you, I can't help you.
While it's none of my business, I will watch you.
whether ---不管，常与or not 连用
Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.
Whether his proposal is practical or not, the department plans to adopt.
9. 方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由: as, as if, as though
as ---与…… 一样
Do in Rome as the Romans do.
Leave things as they are.
as if, as though --- 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气
She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.
Exercises:
1.______ you decide to take up, you should try to make it a success.
A. If B. Whenever C. Unless D. Whatever
2.It is foolish to take a taxi ______ you can easily walk to the station.
A. before B. that C. unless D. When
3.I'll accept any job, _____ I don’t have to get up early.
A. even though B. though C. in case D. as long as
4.___________ problems you have, you can always come to me for help.
A. What B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Which
5. ______ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.
A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter
6.----Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
---- Yes. I gave it to her ______ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment C.suddenly D. once
7. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _______ great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
8.I hurried _____ I wouldn't be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
9. John plays football _____ , if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
10. --What was the party like?
--Wonderful. It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. when C. before D. since
11.Don’t change your mind, ______ happens to you.
A. which B. what C. whichever D. whatever
12. ___________ he comes, we won’t be able to go.
A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even
13. Nobody believed him ____________ what he said.
A. even though B. even if C. no matter D. because
14. I was watching TV _______ suddenly the lights went out.
A. when B. while C. as D. for
15. Take your umbrella with you ____________ it rains.
A. if B. as if C. in case D. as long as
16.No sooner _______ entered the office _______I heard the telephone ringing.
A. had I, when B. I had, than C. had I, than D. I had, when
17. I had hardly arrived _____ he started crying to go home.
A. as B. for C. when D. until
18.It won't be long ________ you regret what you said.
A. since B. when C. before D. till
19. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.
A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving
20. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
1. 时间状语从句
问题1:
1. (04北京春) We were swimming in the lake ______ suddenly the storm started.
A. when B. while C. until D. before
2. (02上海) He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when
3. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden ______ it was the best time for it.
A. where B. when C. that D. until
4. (05福建) －Did Jack come back early last night?
－Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock ____ he arrived home.
A. Before B. when C. that D. until
5. (06辽宁) He was about halfway through his meal ______ a familiar voice came to his ears.
A. why B. where C. when D. while
问题2:
6. (06天津) The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, ______ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
A. since B. when C. as D. while
7. (04年江苏) ______ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
问题3:
1. (01北京春)－Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
－Yes. I gave it to her ______ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment
C. suddenly D. once
2. (1998上海) I thought her nice and honest ______ I met her.
A. first time B. for the first time
C. the first time D. by the first time
3. ______ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.
A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly
C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had
问题4:
1. (03北京春) －Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?
－Yes. He had never praised him ______ he became
one of the top students in his grade.
A. after B. unless C. until D. when
2. (03上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold Listeners' curiosity ______ he reaches the end of the
story.
A. when B. unless C. after D. until
3. It was not ______ she took off her dark glasses
______ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that
C. until; when D. when; then
问题5:
1. (03年北京) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ______ it got worse.
A. until B. when C. before D. as
2. (04福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on
human patients.
A. since B. after C. before D. when
3. (06四川)－Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?
－He rushed out of the room____I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
4. (05北京春) It is almost five years ______ we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since C. after D. because
2、条件状语从句
问题1：
1、The WTO cannot live up to its name ____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （2000全国）
A．as long as B．while C．if D．even though
2、 It is known to all that _____ you exercise regularly, you won't keep good health. （05重庆卷）
A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if
问题2：
1、_____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. （04北京春季）
A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if
2、I always take something to read when I go to the doctor's ________ I have to wait. （05全国卷3）
A．in case B．so that C．in order D．as if
as long as 与 as far as 都可引导条件状语从句，as long as 表示“只要…”，as far as 表示“就…而论（而言）”。题1根据题意应该选用B。in case 表示“以防”，根据题2的句意，不难做出选择。
3、让步状语从句
问题1：
1、 _____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. （04江苏）
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
2、Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____they are different from your own. (05湖南卷）
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。even if 等于 even though，表示“即使、尽管”。as though 等于 as if，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。
问题2：
1、 He tried his best to solve the problem, ___ difficult it was. （05天津卷）
A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although
2、The old tower must be saved, ______the cost. （05浙江）
A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．wherever
no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 的联系及区别：
no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。
如: No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.
wh-ever又可引导名词性从句， No matter wh-不能。如：
Whatever I can do for you will be nothing but paying a debt. Whoever can help us will be welcome.
4. 状语从句的时态问题
问题1：
1、The house could fall down soon if no one______ some quick repair work. （04全国IV）
A has done B is doing C does D had done
2、It is almost five years _______ we saw each other last time. （05北京春季）
A. before B. since C. after D. when
在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，用一般过去时表过去将来时。在 since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般
过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。
5、状语从句的倒装问题
问题1：
1、So difficult _____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. (01 上海)
A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
2、Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was. (95 NMET)
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. Didn't the villagers realize
状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：① 否定词开头；
② so 加 adj. 开头；③ as / though引导的让步状语从句。
6、状语从句与并列句的区别
问题1：
1、Though he is in his sixties, ______ he works as hard as a young man
A. yet B. but C. and D. and yet
2、 Excuse me for breaking in, _________ I have some news for you. (NMET02)
A. so B. and C. but D. Yet
题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词 and; or;
but; so 等。yet 是副词，只有 yet 可以与 though 连用。题2为并列句，而“Excuse …, but …”为一固定搭配。在复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。
二、名词性从句 Noun Clause:
Functions as a NOUN in a sentence.
Question:
What is the fun_ction of a noun in a sentence? 名词在句中可以充当什么成分?
Point out the fun_ction of each noun in the following sentences:
subject object
1.The world loves nature.
subject predicative
2.Knowledge is power .
subject apposition predicative
3.We Chinese are peace-loving.
What are noun clauses?
His story is interesting.
What he said is interesting. Subject clause
I heard his story.
I heard what he said. Object clause
I listen to his story.
I listen to what he said. Object clause after a preposition
This is his story.
This is what he said. Predictive clause
The idea of going there is good.
The idea that we go there is good. Appositive clause
什么叫名词性从句？
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等
因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
名词性从句 noun clause
主语从句subject clause
宾语从句object clause
表语从句predicative clause
同位语从句 appositive clause
What kind of clauses are they?
What the driver of the yellow car did
made me extremely angry.
Why she did this is still unknown.
It’s hard to forget what we have learned
in his classes.
Please don’t tell my mother when I’ll
give her my gift.
That’s why I can’t follow you.
The problem is that it’s very hard
to catch your words.
The fact that he tells lies all the time
makes us surprised.
There is no doubt that it will rain
tomorrow.
I’m not sure whether you would
like it or not.
She felt very surprised that I
finished it all by myself.
I have no idea where he is.
Please tell us the truth how many
people were drowned in the flood.
The novel tells that the truth always
takes the side of the majority of people.
I can’t explain why he behaves like that.
How he finished doing that is not
important.
Where we will go hasn’t been decided
yet.
名词性从句中的连接词有:
连词: that / whether / as if(though);
连接代词: what / who/ which / whose /
whatever / whoever / whomever
/ whichever，
连接副词: where / when / why / how
/ wherever / whenever。 连词: 引导从句，但在从句中不作成分
that ：无词义，不作成分，起连接作用
whether/if：“是否”不作成分，起连接作用
If只用于宾从中
as if(though)：“好象”只连接表语从句
连接代词：引导从句，并在从句中作成分
What（ever）：（无论）什么，作主，宾，表，定语
which（ever）：（无论）哪一个（些）作主，宾，表，定语
Who（ever） ： “（无论）谁（主格）”作主，宾
Whom（ever ）：“ （无论）谁（宾格）”作宾 whose （ever ）：“（无论）谁的，作定
连接副词: 引导从句，作状语
When （ever） ：“什么时候” 作状语
where ：“什么地方”
how ：怎样
why ：为什么
从句中用陈述句序：疑问词+陈述句语序
分类
词形
词义
作从句的成分
注意点
连接词
that
/
/
宾从中可省
whether/if
是否
/
If只用于宾从中有or not时不能用
as if(though)
好象
/
/
连接代词
What（ever）
（无论）什么，
作主，宾，表，定语
…….东西，……事情
which（ever）
（无论）哪一个（些）
作主，宾，表，定语
/
Who（ever）
“（无论）谁（主格）”
作主，宾
/
Whom（ever ）
“ （无论）谁（宾格） ”
作宾
/
whose （ever ）
“（无论）谁的，
作定
/
连接副词
When （ever）
“什么时候”
作状语
/
where
“什么地方”
作状语
/
how
怎样
作状语
/
why
为什么
作状语
/
Finish exercise on page 9:
underline all the noun clauses you can find
（1） 名词性从句构成有3种
That + 陈述句
That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
b. if/whether + 陈述句
No one knew if/whether he lost his sight because of an accident.
c. 疑问词+句子的剩余成分 This is what we are looking for.
名词性从句考点归纳
一、名词性从句的语序：陈述语序
(1) that 和whether/if引导的从句
She sensed something.
A tall man in a dark coat was staring at her
She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.
She wondered.
Would the buses still be running?
She wondered if/whether the buses would still be running.
(2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句 语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。
他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( F ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( T )
你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？ Could you tell me where he lives? ( T ) Could you tell me where does he live? ( F )
1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分
1). That he will succeed is certain .
2) Whether he will go there is not known .
3) What he said is not true .
4) Where he hid the money is to be found out .
5) Whoever comes is welcome.
6) It’s certain that he will succeed .
7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.
8)When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet.
由 that 引导:
1. That we shall be late is certain.
2. That the earth is round is known to all.
(地球是圆的)
3. That you missed the chance is a pity.
(你错过了这次机会)
that 无意义, 后接一个完整的句子.
that 不可省
考点一:主语从句后置!
为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.
例:
That we shall be late is certain.
-- It’s certain that we shall be late.
1. That the earth is round is known to all.
--
2. That you missed the chance is a pity.
--
由连词 whether 和 if, 连接代词 what,who,which
和连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导.也
常常后置:
It is a pity that you missed the chance.
It’s known to all that the earth is round.
It doesn’t matter if/whether he is a foreigner.
It is a question whether he is willing to come.
It is unknown how she has reduced her weight in such a short time.
It 的用法： （形式主语）
It's possible/important/necessary/clear… that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…
It's said/ reported… that..据说/据报道…
It's been announced/declared that..已经通知/宣布…
It seems/appears/happens.. that…显然、明显、 碰巧..
It's no wonder that…并不奇怪/无疑…
It’s a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）
/ a common saying….（俗话说）
It is well known /reported / thought/said… that…
It is clear/ necessary/ certain/ true/doubtful…that…
It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that…
It doesn’t matter whether…
It seems that…
It happens that…
考点二
注意：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数
What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定
What he needs _is_ that book.
What he needs _are_ some book.
宾语从句
宾语从句：1.从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词，不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）
连词：that, whether，if （ that 常可省略）
who, what, which, whoever, whatever,
when where why how
1). They know that the habit will kill them.
2).It all depends on whether they will support us .
3) I am afraid that he didn’t call me .
4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job .
5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.
用if 或whether 填空
1. I don’t know whether/if I’ll be free tomorrow.
2. I don’t know whether or not I’ll be free tomorrow.
3. The question is whether this book is worth writing.
1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句
a..当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.
eg: I don’t know whether I will
stay or not.
b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.
eg: I worry about whether I hurt
her feeling.
2.注意whether和if的使用区别
1. It depends on whether we will have enough money.
2. Whether they can do it matters little to us.
3. If you are not free tomorrow , I’ll go without you.
2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that
从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.
eg: We must make it clear that we
mean what we say.
I don’t think it right that you leave home without telling your parents.
b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导
的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.
eg: He told me（ that） he would come
and that he would come on time.
3. 时态一致（主从句中一致）
1）.当从句表达的是客观事实，真理，自然现象时，从句通常用一般现在时。
2）在“命令，要求，建议”等相关词后的名词性从句中常用虚拟语气（suggest.advise…）
宾语从句的时态呼应
1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语 可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态. a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes his dream will come true some day. b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me what you were doing at this time yesterday
2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me he was preparing for the examination
他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me He had been away from his hometown for ten years. 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teacher tell us light travels in a straight line.
另外，在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：
填空:1.The reason ____ we didn't trust him is ______ he has often lied．
2.The reason ____ he gave for his absent is ______ he was ill.
reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用why 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。
The predicative clause is also easy!
1. The fact is that she doesn’t like pop music.
2. My trouble is that I don’t have enough
experience.
3. The question is whether he will be present
or not.
4. What troubled him was whether/where/how he could get the money.
3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。
连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引导 表语从句)
连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what
连接副词：when / where / why / how / because
The question is whether we can rely on him.
That’s because we were in need of money at that time .
He looked as if he was going to cry .
That’s why I was late .
注 意：
1. 在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。
2. 一般情况下，“that”不能省。引导多个并列宾语从句时，引导第一个宾语从句“that”可以省
3. It is /was because …. 这是因为…
It is /was why…. 这就是为什么…
3. The reason (why…/for…)is /was that….
4 The reason is because /why…
because, as if 也可引导表语从句:
1. He is absent today. It’s because he is seriously ill.
2. It looks as if it’s going to rain again.
True or False:
Her suggestion is that we will do it by turns.
Her suggestion is that we do it by turns.
4 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.
同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether
1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people .
2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them .
3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.
三、同位语从句的引导和辨别
1.同位语从句的格式：n.+ 连接词 + 从句 2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice等 3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用 whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。
that/ whether / where/ how
1. I have no idea where he comes from. 2. He can’t answer the question how he got the money. 3.He gave us many suggestions that we should get up earlier and take more exercise. 4.I have no doubt that he will win. 5. I have some doubt whether he will win.
1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact
worries their parents and teachers a lot.
The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet
worries their parents and teachers a lot.
2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in
China./ We heard the news last night.
We heard the news last night that the Queen of
England was on a three-day visit in China.
3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./
Many British parents hold the view.
Many British parents hold the view that teenagers
shouldn’t spend too much time online.
4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for
the idea.
There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel
is possible.
5.Chinese students should be given more free time./
The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially
kids in school.
The suggestion that Chinese students should be given
more free time is welcomed by many people, especially
kids in school.
引导名词从句的关联词。
分析下列宾语从句中的连词
I don't doubt （that ）you will succeed.
I don’t know whether/if he will come tonight.
I doubt if /whether you will keep your promise.
3个句子中的连词that, whether, if （是否）在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词
注意：a. that 本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。 B. whether 和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether 可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而if 仅可以用于宾语从句。
Choose the correct sentence from each pair:
He said (that) he couldn’t tell you right away
and that you wouldn’t understand.
He said (that) he couldn’t tell you right away
and you wouldn’t understand.
Just then I noticed, for the first time, our
master was wearing his fine green coat.
Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our
master was wearing his fine green coat.
I must never tell anyone that I could
not see the cloth.
I must never tell anyone I could
not see the cloth.
We think it important that we study hard.
We think it important we study hard.
Whether he will accept your offer,
I don’t know.
If he will accept your offer, I don’t know.
I think that he will not appear.
I don’t think that he will appear.
I wish I saw you yesterday.
I wish I had seen you yesterday.
The doctor suggested that she rests
for a few days.
The doctor suggested that she rest
for a few days.
考点二: 虚拟语气 subjunctive mood.
It’s high/about time that I leave.
It’s high/about time that I left.
It is demanded that he (should)
leave at once.
It is demanded that he left at once.
Whether she comes or not doesn’t concern me.
If she comes or not doesn’t concern me.
When and where we will go are still not known.
When and where we will go is still not known.
1.It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
2.____he said at the meeting astonished everybody
present.
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
3.All finished, we sat down to enjoy _____ we thought the most delicious dinner.
A. that B. which C. what D. it
历届高考题
4.Mr Mike didn’t understand ______ made his wife so upset this morning.
A.what was it B. why it was this
C. how that was D. what it was that
5.I wonder_____________.
A.who of them should I elect
B. who of them I should elect
C. which of them should I elect
D. which of them I should elect
6.It was not until dark _____ he found _____ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
A.that; what B. that; that
C. when; what D. when; that
7.Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and ____ more than10,000 years ago.
A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now
C. is now Alaska D. what is now Alaska
8.---Is this factory ____ the false wine was made?
---Yes. And also the one ___ used to sell forged cigarettes.
A.the one; where B. that; that
C. what; which D. where; that
9.___Do you think ____ we should do to improve our English?
A./;what B. What; that C. What ;/ D. How; that
10.The argument remained extremely heated______ there are necessary conditions of existence such as water on the Mars.
A. that B. whether C. if D. about which
11.You’d better give the task to ____ you think can succeed in carrying it out ahead of time.
A. whomever B. no matter who
C. anyone D. whoever
12.____turn color and fall to the ground is a sign of winter.
A. That leaf B. That leaves
C. Those leaf D. Those leaves
13.Your shoes are_______.
A. where they were B. the place you put
C. in the corner that you put D. there they are
14.The boy dived into the water and after____ seemed to be a long time, he came up again.
A. that B. what C. it D. which
15.When Christopher Columbus reached _____is now the USA, he called the people of the new world “Indians”.
A.which B. what
C. where D. the place where
16.____he was ill, I was expected to take his place greatly surprised me for I didn’t have much experience.
A. If B. If that C. That D. That if
17. Mary wrote an article on _____ the team had failed to win the game.
A.why B. what C. who D. that
18. The poor young man is ready to accept ____ help he can get.
A.whichever B. however
C. whatever D. whenever
19. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and ___ it is rough or smooth.
A. / B. whether C. how D. what
20. ______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A. What is required B. What requires
C. It is required D. It requires
21. Great changes have taken place in that school is no longer _______ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which
C. what; which D. which; that
22. The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A.which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
Mum is coming . What present ______ for your birthday?
A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she’s got D. do you expect has she got
24. ---Don’t you think it necessary that he _____ to Miami but to New York?
--- I agree, but the problem is ____ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
25. Do you have any idea ____ is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that B. what C. as D. which
26. Along with the letter was his promise _____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
27. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.
why B. where C. what D. how
28. A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
29. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _____ our astronauts desire
to do is walk in space.
A. where B. what C. that D. how
30. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A.It B. As C. That D. What
31. I think Father would like to know ____ I’ve been up to so far, so I decided to send him a quick note.
A. which B. why C. what D. how
1.It now appears ______ they are in need of help.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
2.It is good news ______ they will arrive in a few days.
A. which B. what C. that D. how
3.It ______ Joe drives badly.
A. thought that B. thinks that
C. is thought that D. is thought that
4.It ______ he is late for class.
A. may that B. might that
C. may be that D. might be what
5.This is ______ she was born.
A. where B. which C. that D. what
6.The question is ______ we can’t go there today.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
7.The question is ______ it is worth doing.
A. if B. whether C. which D. what
8.The reason he has made such great progress is _______ he has never wasted his time.
A. because B. why C. that D. what
9.My suggestion is ______ we should turn the land into rice fields.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
10.His proposal is that the dam ______ at the foot of the mountain.
A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built
11.My advice is that he ______ regular house.
A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept
12.______ knows the truth will tell you about it.
A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who
13.We all know the truth _____ the earth goes round the sun.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
14.We heard the news ______ our team had won.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
15.The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.
A. which B. that C. whether D. if
16.You must do well ______ the teacher asks you to do.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
定语从句Revision of the Attributive Clause
Find out the relative pronouns
1. The teachers who are present at our class are all experienced teachers.
2. Our class is a big family which consists of … girls and … boys.
3. … is the boy whose English is very good in our class.
4. The school where we are studying is very beautiful.
5. As we all know, our school is 9 years old.
归 指代人 who whom that as
纳 指代事物 which that as 关系代词
总 所属关系 whose
结 指地点 where
指时间 when 关系副词
指原因 why
注意事项:
1.从句的位置: 先行词之后
2.翻译方法: “….的”
3.构成：关系词 (关系代词/关系副词)
考点与难点归纳:
1.that与which
2.对the way的考查
考点 3.介词+关系词
4.as的使用
5.对where的考查 难点
6.综合考查
考点1：that 与 which
1) Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand?
2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.
3) Who is the man _____ is standing there?
4) Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.
5) She heard a terrible noise， ______ brought her heart into her mouth.
Answers: 1) that 2) that 3) that 4)which 5) which
1:先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词或由不定代词any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all等修饰时, 引导定语从句用that不用which。
2：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时, 引导定语从句用that 。
3: 先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that 。
4:先行词被the very, the only等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。
5：当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时，只用that。
考点2：the way用做先行词
填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1.The way ________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
2.The way _________________he explained to us was quite simple.
高考题链接：
3. What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it. （04湖北）
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
Answers: 1. ( that/in which/不填; 缺状语) 2. (that/ which/不填; 缺宾语) 3. A
介词+关系代词的情况 1
The man whom you spoke to was a scientist.
The city which she lives in is far away.
介词+关系代词的情况 2
Are these two sentences right?
The man to (who×) whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city in (that×) which she lives is far away.
可见, who、that 不能用与介词之后
介词+关系代词的情况 3
下面两句中的介词能提前吗?
Is this the watch that you are looking for? (不能)
The old man whom I am looking after is better. (不能)
在固定短语中介词不能提前
考点3：介词+关系词
1. Do you know the boy _____ _____ your mother is talking?
2. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am not very familiar.
3. I still remember the day ___ _____ I first got to Paris.
4.This is the child _______ I will take care of.
5. (06浙江)I was given three books on cooking, the first ______I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
Answers: 1.to whom 2. with which 3. on which 4. whom/that 5. B
练习: 介词+关系代词的使用
1.? Do you like the book ___________she spent $10?
2.? Do you like the book ___________she paid $10?
3.? Do you like the book ___________ she learned a lot?
4.? Do you like the book ______________ she often talks?
5.? He built a telescope ______________ he could study the skies.
6. There is a tall tree outside, _____________ stands our teacher.
7.? China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ___________is the Yellow River.
8. The tower _____________ people can have a good view is on the hill.
9. The man ____________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing.
10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most __________ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.
Answers: 1. on which 2. for which 3. from which 4. about which 5. through which
6. under which 7. of which 8. from which 9. to which 10. of which
非限制性定语从句和单句的比较
1.I am reading Harry Porter, __which_ is an interesting book.
2.He failed in the exam. _this____ made his parents angry.
3.He failed in the exam, __which _made his parents angry.
4.He has two sons. Both of __them___ are teachers.
5.He has two sons, both of __which___ are teachers.
as 引导的非限制性定语从句
The earth is round. It is known to all.
The earth is round, which/as is known to all.
___As__ is known to all, the earth is round
__It__ is known to all that the earth is round.
定语从句在句首时只能用as, as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：
as you know/ as you see/as we planned/ as we expected
难点一：as的用法
用asthatwhich填空:
1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.
2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.
3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office.
Answers: 1.as 2. that 3. As 4. which
归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成such…as , the same …as, so…as, 结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。as 与which引导定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。
模拟训练
1. He is such a lazy man_____ nobody wants to work with______. （04 模拟训练）
A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him
2. Mrs. Black took the police back to____ place ____ she witnessed the robbery. （05 模拟训练）
A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as
Answers: 1.C 2. B
难点二：一些特殊词之后的where
where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。
1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him. 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time. 国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
高考题链接：
1.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东）
A. which B. that C. where D. when
2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself?
---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on . （06江西）
A. why B. where C. how D. /
Answers: 1. C 2. D
做题要灵活;要分析句子成分,选择恰当的关系词。
难点三.综合考查
近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力
综合考查一：定语从句与强调句
wherethat
1.This is the library_____I borrowed the book.
2.It is from this library____I borrowed the book.
3. ---Where did you last see Mr. Smith?
---It was in the hotel____ I lived.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
Answers: 1.where 2. that 3.C
综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句
that/ which
1. We all have heard the news_____ our team won.
2. We don’t believe the news _________ he told us yesterday.
Answers: 1. that 2. that /which
综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句
The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏）
A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which
Answer: C
对比与巩固:
1. We should go to the place_____ we are most needed.
2. We should go to the place_____ needs us most.
A. it B. where C. that D. what
3. It was October_____we met in Shenzhen for the first time.
4. It was in October_____we met in Shenzhen for the first time.
A. that B. which C. when D. while
5. He is such a good teacher_____ we all like him.
6. He is such a good teacher_____ we all like.
A. whom B. that C. as D. which
Answers: 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C
巩固练习
把 that , which 或 who 填入下列空白处
1.He did all / everything ______ he could to help me.
2.This is the very thing _______ I am after.
3.We talked about the men and the things _______ we remembered at school.
4.He is the only man _______ can do the work.
5.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.
6.He is the finest man _______ I have ever worked with.
7.Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate.
8.Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.
Answers: !-8 that
把that , which ,whose, whom or who 填入空格
9.Is there anything else _______ you want to say?
10.Any person _______ has the money can join the group.
11.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _______ made others upset.
12.He opened the door, in front of _______ sat a boy.
13.The man to _______ I spoke is a famous scientist.
14.The boy _______ mother is dead was brought up by his father.
Answers:9. that 10. that 11. which 12. which 13. whom 14. whose
定语从句和06高考：
1.I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction?_____?? she had come. (重庆) A. of which? B. by which C. in which? D. from which
2. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. what(福建)
3. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.(江苏)
A. who B. that C. as D. which
4. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students______ Chinese in the school, most were from Germany.(辽宁)
A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
5. I was given three books on cooking, the first________ I really enjoyed. (浙江)
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
6.We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came to us, _____ we gave some bells and glasses.(湖南)
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
7.------Do you have anything to say for ourselves?
------There is one point ____ we should insist on.(江西)
A. where B. why C. How D. /
8.We are trying to reach a point______ two sides will sit down together and talk.(山东）
Ａwhere B. when C. that D. which 9.She was educated at Beijing, _______ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.(陕西)
A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that
10.The Beatles, ______ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.(天津)
A. what B. that C. how D. as
11. Women ______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____ don’t.
A. who; / B. / ;who C. who ; who D. /; /
9.She was educated at Beijing, _______ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.(陕西)
A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that
10.The Beatles, ______ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.(天津)
A. what B. that C. how D. as
11. Women ______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____ don’t.
A. who; / B. / ;who C. who ; who D. /; /
Answers: 1. C 2. A 3. D 4.D 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. D 11.C
04高考回放
1. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.(2004, 全国卷I)
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
2. There were dirty marks on her trousers _______ she had wiped her hands. (2004，全国卷II)
A. where B. which C. when D. that
Answers: 1. C 2. A
05高考回放
1. I have many friends, some _______ are businessmen. (2005，全国II卷)
A. why B. from which C. who of D. of whom
2．If a shop has chairs _______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005，上海卷)
A. that B. which C. when D. where
3．I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (2005,辽宁卷)
A. which B. when C. where D. that
4. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, ______ it was so poorly equipped. (2005，安徽卷)
A. when B. which C. what D. that
5. Jim passed the driving test, _______ surprised everybody in the office. （2005，浙江卷）
A. which B. that C. this D. it
6. Her sister has become a lawyer, _______ she wanted to be. (2005, 湖北卷)
A. who B. that C. what D. which
Answers: 1. D 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. D
能力提升
定语从句的运用
Our class is a big family ; It consists of 12 girls and 50 boys. Most of them are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy. He is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy that we all like him.
Our class is a big family which consists of 12 girls and 50 boys, most of whom are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy, who is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy as we all like.
课件66张PPT。孔学军 noun clause
名词性从句高三英语第一轮复习Noun Clause:
Functions as a NOUN in a sentence. Question:
What is the fun_ction of a noun in a sentence? 名词在句中可以充当什么成分?Point out the fun_ction of each noun in the following sentences:
1.The world loves nature.
2.Knowledge is power .
3.We Chinese are peace-
loving.
subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicativeWhat are noun clauses?
His story is interesting.
What he said is interesting.
I heard his story.
I heard what he said.
I listen to his story.
I listen to what he said.
This is his story.
This is what he said.
The idea of going there is good.
The idea that we go there is good.
Subject clause
Object clause
Object clause after a preposition
Predictive clause
Appositive clause什么叫名词性从句？在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等
因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句 名词性从句
noun clause 主语从句
subject clause 宾语从句
object clause 表语从句
predicative clause 同位语从句
appositive clauseWhat kind of clauses are they? What the driver of the yellow car did
made me extremely angry.
Why she did this is still unknown.
It’s hard to forget what we have learned
in his classes.
Please don’t tell my mother when I’ll
give her my gift.That’s why I can’t follow you.
The problem is that it’s very hard
to catch your words.
The fact that he tells lies all the time
makes us surprised.
There is no doubt that it will rain
tomorrow.I’m not sure whether you would
like it or not.
She felt very surprised that I
finished it all by myself.
I have no idea where he is.
Please tell us the truth how many
people were drowned in the flood.The novel tells that the truth always
takes the side of the majority of people.
I can’t explain why he behaves like that.
How he finished doing that is not
important.
Where we will go hasn’t been decided
yet.名词性从句中的连接词有:
连词: that / whether / as if(though);
连接代词: what / who/ which / whose /
whatever / whoever / whomever
/ whichever，
连接副词: where / when / why / how
/ wherever / whenever。 连词: 引导从句，但在从句中不作成分
that ：无词义，不作成分，起连接作用
whether/if：“是否”不作成分，起连接作用
If只用于宾从中
as if(though)：“好象”只连接表语从句
连接代词：引导从句，并在从句中作成分
What（ever）：（无论）什么，作主，宾，表，定语
which（ever）：（无论）哪一个（些）作主，宾，表，定语
Who（ever） ： “（无论）谁（主格）”作主，宾
Whom（ever ）：“ （无论）谁（宾格）”作宾 whose （ever ）：“（无论）谁的，作定
连接副词: 引导从句，作状语
When （ever） ：“什么时候” 作状语
where ：“什么地方”
how ：怎样
why ：为什么
从句中用陈述句序：疑问词+陈述句语序Finish exercise on page 9(textbook):
underline all the noun clauses you can find（1） 名词性从句构成有3种That + 陈述句
That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
b. if/whether + 陈述句
No one knew if/whether he lost his sight because of an accident.c. 疑问词+句子的剩余成分 This is what we are looking for.名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序：陈述语序(1) that 和whether/if引导的从句 She sensed something.
A tall man in a dark coat was staring at her
She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.She wondered.
Would the buses still be running?
She wondered if/whether the buses would still be running.(2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句 语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？ Could you tell me where he lives? ( ) Could you tell me where does he live? ( )FTTF1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1). That he will succeed is certain .
2) Whether he will go there is not known .
3) What he said is not true .
4) Where he hid the money is to be found out .
5) Whoever comes is welcome.
6) It’s certain that he will succeed .7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8)When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet.由 that 引导:
1. That we shall be late is certain.
2. _____________________ is known to all.
(地球是圆的)
3. ________________________ is a pity.
(你错过了这次机会)
that 无意义, 后接一个完整的句子.
that 不可省That the earth is roundThat you missed the chance 考点一:主语从句后置!
为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例:
That we shall be late is certain.
-- It’s certain that we shall be late.
1. That the earth is round is known to all.
--
2. That you missed the chance is a pity.
--
由连词 whether 和 if, 连接代词 what,who,which
和连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导.也
常常后置:
It is a pity that you missed the chance.It’s known to all that the earth is round.It doesn’t matter if/whether he is a foreigner.
It is a question whether he is willing to come.
It is unknown how she has reduced her weight in such a short time.It 的用法： （形式主语）
It’ possible/important/necessary/clear… that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…
It’s said/ reported… that..据说/据报道…
It’s been announced/declared that..已经通知/宣布…
It seems/appears/happens.. that…显然、明显、 碰巧..
It’s no wonder that…并不奇怪/无疑…
It’s a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）
/ a common saying….（俗话说）It is well known /reported / thought/said… that…
It is clear/ necessary/ certain/ true/doubtful…that…
It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that…
It doesn’t matter whether…
It seems that…
It happens that…
考点二
注意：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数
What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定
What he needs _is_ that book.
What he needs _are_ some book.宾语从句宾语从句：1.从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词，不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）
连词：that, whether，if （ that 常可省略）
who, what, which, whoever, whatever,
when where why how
1). They know that the habit will kill them.
2).It all depends on whether they will support us .
3) I am afraid that he didn’t call me .
4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job .
5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.用if 或whether 填空1. I don’t know _______ I’ll be free tomorrow.
2. I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow.
3. The question is ______ this book is worth writing.whether/ifwhetherwhether1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句
a..当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.
eg: I don’t know whether I will
stay or not.
b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.
eg: I worry about whether I hurt
her feeling.2.注意whether和if的使用区别1. It depends on ______ we will have enough money.
2. ______ they can do it matters little to us.
3._______ you are not free tomorrow , I’ll go without you.whetherWhetherIf 2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that
从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.
eg: We must make it clear that we
mean what we say.
I don’t think it right that you leave home without telling your parents.
b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导
的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.
eg: He told me（ that） he would come
and that he would come on time.3. 时态一致（主从句中一致）
1）.当从句表达的是客观事实，真理，自然现象时，从句通常用一般现在时。
2）在“命令，要求，建议”等相关词后的名词性从句中常用虚拟语气（suggest.advise…）宾语从句的时态呼应1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语 可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态. a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _________________________ . b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _________________________.his dream will come true some daywhat you were doing at this time
yesterday2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me ______________________ . 他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me ______________________. 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teacher tell us ______________________he was preparing for the examinationHe had been away from his hometown for ten yearslight travels in a straight line.另外，在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：填空:1.The reason ____ we didn't trust him is ______ he has often lied．
2.The reason ____ he gave for his absent is ______ he was ill.
reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用why 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。 1. The fact is _____ she doesn’t like pop music.
2. My trouble is _____ I don’t have enough
experience.
3. The question is _______ he will be present
or not.
4. What troubled him was ________ he could get
the money. The predicative clause is also easy!thatthatwhetherwhether
/where
/how
3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。
连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引导 表语从句)
连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what
连接副词：when / where / why / how / because The question is whether we can rely on him.
That’s because we were in need of money at that time .
He looked as if he was going to cry .
That’s why I was late .
注 意：在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。
一般情况下，“that”不能省。引导多个并列宾语从句时，引导第一个宾语从句“that”可以省
It is /was because …. 这是因为…
It is /was why…. 这就是为什么…
3. The reason (why…/for…)is /was that….
4 The reason is because /why…that ….because, as if 也可引导表语从句:
1. He is absent today. It’s ________ he is
seriously ill.
2. It looks ________ it’s going to rain again.
True or False:
Her suggestion is that we will do it by turns.
Her suggestion is that we do it by turns.becauseas if4 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether 1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people .
2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them .3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.三、同位语从句的引导和辨别1.同位语从句的格式：n.+ 连接词 + 从句 2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice等 3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用 whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。1. I have no idea _________ he comes from. 2. He can’t answer the question ________ he got the money. 3.He gave us many suggestions ________ we should get up earlier and take more exercise. 4.I have no doubt ________ he will win. 5. I have some doubt ________ he will win.that/ whether / where/ howwherehowthatthatwhether1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact
worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in
China./ We heard the news last night._______ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet
worries their parents and teachers a lot._________We heard the news last night that the Queen of
England was on a three-day visit in China.4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for
the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./
The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially
kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./
Many British parents hold the view._______Many British parents hold the view that teenagers
shouldn’t spend too much time online.________There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel
is possible.______________________________________________________The suggestion that Chinese students should be given
more free time is welcomed by many people, especially
kids in school.引导名词从句的关联词。分析下列宾语从句中的连词I don’t doubt （that ）you will succeed.
I don’t know whether/if he will come tonight.
I doubt if /whether you will keep your promise.3个句子中的连词that, whether, if （是否）在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词
注意：a. that 本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。 B. whether 和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether 可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而if 仅可以用于宾语从句。连接词 Choose the correct sentence from each pair:He said (that) he couldn’t tell you right away
and that you wouldn’t understand.
He said (that) he couldn’t tell you right away
and you wouldn’t understand.
Just then I noticed, for the first time, our
master was wearing his fine green coat.
Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our
master was wearing his fine green coat.I must never tell anyone that I could
not see the cloth.
I must never tell anyone I could
not see the cloth.
We think it important that we study hard.
We think it important we study hard.Whether he will accept your offer,
I don’t know.
If he will accept your offer, I don’t know.
I think that he will not appear.
I don’t think that he will appear.
Whether she comes or not doesn’t concern me.
If she comes or not doesn’t concern me.
When and where we will go are still not known.
When and where we will go is still not known.I wish I saw you yesterday.
I wish I had seen you yesterday.
The doctor suggested that she rests
for a few days.
The doctor suggested that she rest
for a few days.考点二: 虚拟语气 subjunctive mood.
It’s high/about time that I leave.
It’s high/about time that I left.
It is demanded that he (should)
leave at once.
It is demanded that he left at once.
1.It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
2.____he said at the meeting astonished everybody
present.
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
3.All finished, we sat down to enjoy _____ we thought the most delicious dinner.
A. that B. which C. what D. it历届高考题4.Mr Mike didn’t understand ______ made
his wife so upset this morning.
what was it B. why it was this
C. how that was D. what it was that
5.I wonder_____________.
who of them should I elect
B. who of them I should elect
C. which of them should I elect
D. which of them I should elect
6.It was not until dark _____ he found _____ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
that; what B. that; that
C. when; what D. when; that
7.Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and ____ more than10,000 years ago.
A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now
C. is now Alaska D. what is now Alaska8.---Is this factory ____ the false wine was made?
---Yes. And also the one ___ used to sell forged cigarettes.
the one; where B. that; that
C. what; which D. where; that
9.___Do you think ____ we should do to improve our English?
A./;what B. What; that C. What ;/ D. How; that
10.The argument remained extremely heated______ there are necessary conditions of existence such as water on the Mars.
A. that B. whether C. if D. about which
11.You’d better give the task to ____ you think can succeed in carrying it out ahead of time.
A. whomever B. no matter who
C. anyone D. whoever
12.____turn color and fall to the ground is a sign of winter.
A. That leaf B. That leaves
C. Those leaf D. Those leaves
13.Your shoes are_______.
A. where they were B. the place you put
C. in the corner that you put D. there they are14.The boy dived into the water and after____ seemed to be a long time, he came up again.
A. that B. what C. it D. which
15.When Christopher Columbus reached _____is now the USA, he called the people of the new world “Indians”.
which B. what
C. where D. the place where
16.____he was ill, I was expected to take his place greatly surprised me for I didn’t have much experience.
A. If B. If that C. That D. That if
17. Mary wrote an article on _____
the team had failed to win the game.
why B. what C. who D. that
18. The poor young man is ready to accept ____ help he can get.
whichever B. however
C. whatever D. whenever
19. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and ___ it is rough or smooth.
A. / B. whether C. how D. what 20. ______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
What is required B. What requires
C. It is required D. It requires
21. Great changes have taken place in that school is no longer _______ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped.
what; when B. that; which
C. what; which D. which; that 22. The place ____ the bridge is
supposed to be built should be_____ the
cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
23. Mum is coming . What present ______ for your birthday?
you expect she has got B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she’s got D. do you expect has she got24. ---Don’t you think it necessary that
he _____ to Miami but to New York?
--- I agree, but the problem is ____ he has refused to.
will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what
25. Do you have any idea ____ is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that B. what C. as D. which26. Along with the letter was his
promise _____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
27. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.
why B. where C. what D. how
28. A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where 29. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling
the earth, _____ our astronauts desire
to do is walk in space.
where B. what C. that D. how
30. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
It B. As C. That D. What31. I think Father would like to know
____ I’ve been up to so far, so I decided to send him a quick note.
A. which B. why C. what D. how1.It now appears ______ they are in need of help.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
2.It is good news ______ they will arrive in a few days.
A. which B. what C. that D. how
3.It ______ Joe drives badly.
A. thought that B. thinks that
C. is thought that D. is thought that
4.It ______ he is late for class.
A. may that B. might that
C. may be that D. might be what
5.This is ______ she was born.
A. where B. which C. that D. what
6.The question is ______ we can’t go there today.
A. that B. what C. which D. when7.The question is ______ it is worth doing.
A. if B. whether C. which D. what
8.The reason he has made such great progress is _______ he has never wasted his time.
A. because B. why C. that D. what
9.My suggestion is ______ we should turn the land into rice fields.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
10.His proposal is that the dam ______ at the foot of the mountain.
A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built
11.My advice is that he ______ regular house.
A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept
12.______ knows the truth will tell you about it.
A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who13.We all know the truth _____ the earth goes round the sun.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
14.We heard the news ______ our team had won.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
15.The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.
A. which B. that C. whether D. if
16.You must do well ______ the teacher asks you to do.
A. which B. what C. that D. whereGood-bye!课件53张PPT。孔学军 Revision of
the Attributive Clause
定语从句复习高三英语第一轮复习1. The teachers who are present at our class are all experienced teachers.
2. Our class is a big family which consists of … girls and … boys.
3. … is the boy whose English is very good in our class.
4. The school where we are studying is very beautiful.
5. As we all know, our school is 9 years old.________________Find out the relative pronouns _____关系词及其意义指代人
指代事物
所属关系
指地点
指时间
指原因 who, whom, that, as
which, that, as
whose
where
when
why归纳总结关系代词
关系副词注意事项:
1.从句的位置:
2.翻译方法:
3.构成：先行词之后“….的”关系词For example:This is a book which tells about
space rocker technology.先行词关系代词定语从句Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质the machinea machineJoin the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质a machinethat /which关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
herThe girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
herThe girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
herThe girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
herThe girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
herThe girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
herThe girl关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
The girl that / who we saw yesterday is Mary.
考点与难点归纳考点与难点归纳1.that与which
2.对the way的考查
3.介词+关系词
4.as的使用
5.对where的考查
6.综合考查考点难点1) Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand?
2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.
3) Who is the man _____ is standing there?
4) Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.
5) She heard a terrible noise， ______ brought her heart into her mouth.thatthatthatwhichwhich考点1：that 与 which1:先行词是everything, nothing, anything,
something, much, little, none等不定代词或
由不定代词any, some, no, much, few, little,
every, all等修饰时, 引导定语从句用that不用
which。
2：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时,
引导定语从句用that 。
3: 先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用
that 。
4:先行词被the very, the only等修饰且指物时,引导定
语从句用that。
5：当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时，只用
that。指物，介词后。
2. 用于非限制定语从句中只使用that应遵循的规则只使用which应遵循的规则填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1.The way _________________he explained the
sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _________________he explained to us
was quite simple.that/ which/不填that/in which/不填缺状语缺宾语考点2：the way用做先行词3. What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it. （04湖北）
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which高考题链接：介词+关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city which she lives is far away.toin介词+关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.toin× × Are these two sentences right?可见, who、that 不能用与介词之后 介词+关系代词的情况 3Is this the watch that you are looking for?
The old man whom I am looking after is better . 在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?考点3：介词+关系词1. Do you know the boy __ _____ your mother is talking?
2. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I
am not very familiar.
3. I still remember the day ___ _____ I first got to Paris.
4.This is the child _______ I will take care of.
5. (06浙江)I was given three books on cooking, the first ______I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. whichto whomwith whichon whichwhom/that1.? Do you like the book ___________she spent $10?
2.? Do you like the book ___________she paid $10?
3.? Do you like the book ___________ she learned a lot?
4.? Do you like the book ______________ she often talks?
5.? He built a telescope ______________ he could study the skies.
6. There is a tall tree outside, _____________ stands our teacher.
7.? China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ___________
is the Yellow River.
8. The tower _____________ people can have a good view
is on the hill.
9. The man ____________ I spoke on the phone last night
is very good at writing.
10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows,
most __________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough whichunder whichof whichfrom whichto whomof which练习: 介词+关系代词的使用非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry.
3.He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.4.He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers.
5.He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.
Thiswhichwhomthem× that1.I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.whichas 引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._____ is known to all.
The earth is round,_____ is known to all.
_____ is known to all, the earth is round
______ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich
/ as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：
as you know/ as you see/as we planned/
as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用as,3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office. Aswhich难点一：as的用法asthatwhich
1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.
2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.asthat归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成such…as , the same …as, so…as, 结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。
as 与which引导定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。模拟训练 ：1. He is such a lazy man_____ nobody wants to work with______. （04 模拟训练）
A. as; him B. that; /
C. as; / D. whom; him
2. Mrs. Black took the police back to____ place ____ she witnessed the robbery.
A. the same; as B. the same; where
C. the same ; that D. as the same; as（05 模拟训练）1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
2. The country is in the situation where a war
will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。 where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。1.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东）
A. which B. that C. where D. when
2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself?
---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on . （06江西）
A. why B. where C. how D. /高考题链接： 做题要灵活;要分析句子成分,选择恰当的关系词。 wherethat
1.This is the library_____I borrowed the book.
2.It is from this library____I borrowed the book. wherethat综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3. ---Where did you last see Mr. Smith?
---It was in the hotel____ I lived.
A. that B. which
C. where D. when难点三.综合考查 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。友情提示综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1. We all have heard the news_____ our
team won.
2. We don’t believe the news _________ he
told us yesterday.that that/which综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句 The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏）
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which ◆that/which对比训练与巩固1. We should go to the place_____ we are most needed.
2. We should go to the place_____ needs us most.
A. it B. where C. that D. whatBC 3. It was October_____we met in Shenzhen for the
first time.
4. It was in October_____we met in Shenzhen for
the first time.
A. that B. which C. when D. whileCA对比训练 5. He is such a good teacher_____ we all like
him.
6. He is such a good teacher_____ we all like.
A. whom B. that C. as D. whichBC1.He did all / everything ______ he could to help me.
2.This is the very thing _______ I am after.
3.We talked about the men and the things _______
we remembered at school.
4.He is the only man _______ can do the work.
5.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.
6.He is the finest man _______ I have ever worked
with.
7.Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate.
8.Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.
把 that , which 或 who 填入下列空白处thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat巩固练习把that , which ,whose, whom or who 填入空格9.Is there anything else _______ you want to say?
10.Any person _______ has the money can join the
group.
11.He often speaks the role he played in the play,
_______ made others upset.
12.He opened the door, in front of _______ sat a boy.
13.The man to _______ I spoke is a famous scientist.
14.The boy _______ mother is dead was brought up
by his father.thatthatwhichwhich whomwhose定语从句和06高考：1.I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction?_____?? she had come. (重庆) A. of which? B. by which C. in which? D. from which
2. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. what(福建)
3. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.(江苏)
A. who B. that C. as D. which
4. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students______ Chinese in the school, most were from Germany.(辽宁)
A. study; of whom B. study; of them
C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
CADD5. I was given three books on cooking, the first________ I really enjoyed. (浙江)
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which 6.We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came to us, _____ we gave some bells and glasses.(湖南)
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
7.------Do you have anything to say for ourselves?
------There is one point ____ we should insist on.(江西)
A. where B. why C. How D. /
8.We are trying to reach a point______ two sides will sit down together and talk.(山东）
Ａwhere B. when C. that D. which
BBDA9.She was educated at Beijing, _______ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.(陕西)
A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that
10.The Beatles, ______ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.(天津)
A. what B. that C. how D. as
11. Women ______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____ don’t.
A. who; / B. / ;who C. who ; who D. /; /
ADC04高考回放The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. (2004, 全国卷I)
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which CThere were dirty marks on her trousers _______ she had wiped her hands. (2004，全国卷II)
A. where B. which
C. when D. thatA05年高考回放1. I have many friends, some _______ are businessmen. (2005，全国II卷)
A. why B. from which
C. who of D. of whom D 2．If a shop has chairs _______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005，上海卷)
A. that B. which
C. when D. whereD 3．I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (2005,辽宁卷)
A. which B. when
C. where D. that C 4. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, ______ it was so poorly equipped. (2005，安徽卷)
A. when B. which
C. what D. that A 5. Jim passed the driving test, _______ surprised everybody in the office. （2005，浙江卷）
A. which B. that
C. this D. itA 6. Her sister has become a lawyer, _______ she wanted to be. (2005, 湖北卷)
A. who B. that
C. what D. which D能力提升 Our class is a big family ; It consists of 12 girls and 50 boys. Most of them are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy. He is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy that we all like him. Our class is a big family which consists of 12 girls and 50 boys, most of whom are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy, who is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy as we all like.定语从句的运用 This is the teacher who teaches us English．The boys who are standing beside him are his lovely students . This picture was taken in our school, which is a beautiful school, as is known to us all. The new year is approaching, when/by which time I will visit it again. Possible version:Practice makes perfect!May you succeed in your studies!Thank you!
