Grammar and usage
南外仙林分校 邱东
Teaching aims:
(1) To help the students review and master the usage of v-ing and v-ed forms functioning as adjectives and adverbs.
(2) To help the students to learn the usage of the passive, perfect and negative forms of v-ing and v-ed forms
(3) To enable the students to know the differences between participles and gerunds and the infinitives.
Teaching important points & difficult points:
(1) Differences between verb-ing and verb-ed forms.
(2) Differences between “doing” and “having done”.
(3) Differences between “doing” and “to do”.
Teaching procedure:
Step 1 Lead-in
Warming up:
Step 2 Usage of v-ing and v-ed forms functioning as adjectives and adverbs.
As adjectives:
v-ing形式作定语
1. 单个的v-ing形式可以作前置定语，表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题
2. 作定语的v-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。
The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory.
装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去
They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
3. ?某些情况下，定语不能用v-ing形式，必须用定语从句。
① 作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。
昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。
【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.
【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.
② v-ing形式的完成式一般只用作状语，不作定语。
被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。
【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
v-ed形式作定语
1. 单个动词-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。
A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。
All the broken doors and windows have been repaired.所有的坏门窗都修好了。
When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper.
我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。
提 示 如要表示强调，单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。
Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。
2. 带有修饰语或其他成分的v-ed形式一般都作后置定语，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。
We have read many novels written by this author.
(= that are written by this author) 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。
Half of the honored guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors.
(= who had been invited to the reception)
被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.
(= which was attended by one thousand students)
这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席了。
A woman dressed like a lawyer came in and took her seat as judge.
(= who was dressed like a lawyer)
一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。
v-ing 和v-ed形式作定语的区别
1．及物动词的-ing形式作定语表示与被修饰名词是主动关系，及物动词的-ed 形式表示与被修饰名词是被动关系。
The group called Green Hand is trying to help the environment.
The group calling itself Green Hand is trying to help the environment.
2．不及物动词-ing形式表示动词正在进行，而v-ed形式表示动作已完成。
the rising sun?正在升起的太阳 the risen sun?升起了的太阳 ?
boiling water?正沸腾的水 boiled water?开水 ?
falling leaves?正在飘落的叶子 fallen leaves?落叶 ?
changing condition?变化着的情况 changed condition?改变了的情况
developing countries?发展中国家 developed countries?发达国家
不及物动词－ed形式只表示完成的意义，并不带有被动的含义。
an escaped prisoner = a prisoner who has escaped 逃犯
a retired worker = a worker who has retired 退休工人
a newly arrived guest = a guest who has just arrived 新来的客人
As adverbs
v-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，其动作执行者与句子主语是主动一致。在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
(= After we have made full preparations...)
2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. (= Since he was ill...)
3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. (= and left him a lot of money.)
4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
=If you work hard at your lessons...
5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
= Although they knew all this...
6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
= ...and stared at the sky for a long time
v-ed形式作状语
动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。但其动作执行者与句子主语是被动一致。
1 动词-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful.
(= When the city is seen from the tower...)
Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away.
(= After he was completely examined...)
有时动词-ed形式前可加连词when, while等来强调时间概念。
Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.
一恢复健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。
When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame.
当被问到为什么上课又迟到时，她羞愧地低下了头。
Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.
一旦给这钟上了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。
2 动词-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying.
(= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...)
Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read. (= As it was written in haste ...)
Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate.
(= Because we were excited by...)
3 动词-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Heated, water changes into steam. (= If water is heated...)
Given more time, he would be able to do better. (= If he was given more time ...)
Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.
(= If she was compared with other professors...)
4 动词-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
(= Although they were exhausted by the running ...)
Laughed at by many people, he continued his research.
(= Even if he was laughed by ...)
为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。
Even if invited, I won't go. 即使受到邀请，我也不去。
Though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart.
Unless invited, he will not come back to the company.
5 动词-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。
The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.
(= and he was surrounded …)
He went into the office, followed by some children.
(= and he was followed by some children)
Tell the functions:
Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away.
Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
He went into the office, followed by many children.
Step 3 Different forms and functions
1. Student’s Book Page 57 Part A
Check the answers with the students.
Forms
Attribute
Adverbial
Predicative
Object complement
v-ing
√
√
√
√
v-ed
*√
√
√
*√
being+v-ed
*√
√
*√
having+v-ed
√
having been+v-ed
√
a meeting held yesterday
a meeting being held now
I found my watch being repaired when I got to the shop, so I had to wait.
I found my watch repaired when I got to the ship, so I paid the worker and returned.
2. Student’s Book Page 57 Part B
Check the answers.
Step 4 Summary
Forms
主
宾
定
表
状
宾补
Participles
√
√
√
√
Gerunds
√
√
√
√
Infinitives
√
√
√
√
√
√
Step 5 practice
自测天地
Step 6 Homework
Workbook C1, C2
06年各省高考题
1. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ____ that all children like these things. （06 全国卷II, 17）
A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought
2. There have been several new events ____ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. (06 北京卷，28)
A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
3. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _____. （06 天津卷，7）
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfied D. being unsatisfied
4. Energy drinks are not allowed ______ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. （06 上海卷，33）
A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making
5. Russ and Earl were auto mechanics ______ the same pay, but Earl had more ambition. （06上海卷，34）
A. to earn B. to have earned C. earning D. earned
6. The mother felt herself _____ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. （06上海卷，36）
A. grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown
7. No matter how frequently _____, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. (06 广东卷，29)
A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed
8. ______ this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. (06 广东卷，30)
A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making
9. I can’t stand _____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ____ talking while she works. (06 北京卷，35)
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop
10. There are hundreds of visitors ______ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings. (06春上海卷，36)
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait
11. _____ the employees' working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break. (06春上海卷，38)
A. Improving B. To improve C. Having improved D. Improved
12. In the dream Peter saw himself _____ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. (06春上海卷，39)
A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased
13. China has promised to revise its existing regulations and ___ new policies according to WTO requirements. (06春上海卷，40)
A. forming B. to form C. to be forming D. have formed
14. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same thing. (06 江苏卷，30)
A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said
15. ______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (06 福建卷，33)
A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed
16. Don't sit there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (06湖北卷, 34)
A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
17. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert. (06 湖南卷, 21)
A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover
18. It is difficult to imagine his ________ the decision without any consideration. (06 山西卷， 13)
A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted
19. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ______ in Beijing in 2008. (06 四川卷，25)
A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held
20. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title ____ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. (06 山东卷, 29)
A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given
ADABC AACCC BABAB CABDC
05年各省高考题
1. The storm left, _____ a lot of damage to this area. (05 NMET II, 32)
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _____ the answers ready will be of great help. (05Beijing, 28)
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
3. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ______ at the party, but not ____. (05Beijing, 30)
A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave
C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave
4. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______. (05Beijing, 34)
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
5. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity. (05Shanghai, 32)
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
6. ______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. (05Shanghai, 33)
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
7. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____ a look at the sports stars. (05Shanghai, 35)
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
8. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ______ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (05Shanghai, 36)
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
9. At last we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _____ down to eat our picnic lunch. (05Shanghai, 37)
A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat
10. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ______ often enough. (05Tianjin, 7)
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
11. I don’t want ______ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. (05Tianjin, 12)
A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded
12. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, ______ fun. (05Chongqing, 26)
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
13. ---What should I do with this passage?
---______ the main idea of each paragraph. (05Chongqing, 31)
A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out
14. Oil prices have risen by 32% since the start of the year, ______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. (05Shandong, 27)
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
15. _____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. (05Jiangsu, 27)
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
16. _____ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. (05Zhejiang, 8)
A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out
17. The manager, ______ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room. (05Jiangxi, 31)
A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making
18. ---Can the project be finished as planned? (05Fujian, 29)
---Sure, _____ it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.
A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get
19. When ______ help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.” (05Fujian, 33)
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
20. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (05Hunan, 22)
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
21. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ______ in a year. (05Hunan, 34)
A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
22. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well _____. (05Hubei, 21)
A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending
23. ______ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (05Hubei, 26)
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D. To be separated
24. He glanced over at her, _____ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (05Guangdong, 24)
A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted
25. He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left. (05Guangdong, 31)
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
DDCAB ACADD ADCBB CBBDA CBCAA
1. It was funny that when _____, Mary began to cry sadly instead.
A. praising B. praised C. being praised D. having praised
2. _____ that there was an accident ahead, the bus driver changed the course.
A. Warning B. Having warned C. To be warned D. Having been warned
3. --- I must apologize for ______ ahead of time.
--- That’s all right.
A. letting you not know B. not letting you know
C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
4. The bridge _____ now over the Changjiang River will be completed at the end of this year.
A. built B. is being built C. being built D. to be built
5. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invited C. being invited D. had invited
6. ______, the idea of having to work under a woman defeated him.
A. Wanting the job very much
B. Although wanting the job very much
C. Although he wanted the job very much
D. He wanted the job badly
7. You can find something interesting in the science story about outer space ______
by Science and Technology Press.
A. published B. being published C. to publish D. publishing
8. The girl was lying on the grass, her hands _____ under her head.
A. cross B. crossed C. was crossing D. were crossed
9. _____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of breath.
A. Seeing; frightened B. Seeing; frightening
C. Seen; frightened D. To see; frightening
10. You must be careful when ______ on the highway.
A. you driving B. are driving C. driving D. you were driving
11. The secretary worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president.
A. prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
12. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ______.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
13. There was terrible noise _______ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
14. After a long walk, Richard Jones returned home, ______.
A. tiring B. tired C. being tired D. having tired
15. _____ to the witness, I now have a better idea of what has happened.
A. Talking B. Talked C. Having talked D. Being talked
单句改错（每个句子有一处错误， 找出并改正）
1. Seeing from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.
2. Having not received a reply from the company, he decided to try another.
3. When I got to school, through the window I found many people seating at the back of my classroom.
4. He went up to the boy, and patted him on the shoulder, led him away.
5. The vacation was over, the students came back to school.
用分词短语改写下列句子
1. Most of the singers were from Western countries. They were invited to the party.
2. This road will be the longest in the city. The road is being built.
3. The boy rushed into the classroom. His face was covered with sweat.
4. The English teacher entered the classroom. She followed her students.
5. The twin brothers were dressed in the same clothes. You can hardly tell them apart.
Keys:
BDBCA CABAC BABBC
Seeing --- seen having not --- not having seating --- seated / sitting/ seating themselves patted ---- patting was --- being
1. Most of the singers invited to the party were from Western countries.
2. This road being built will be the longest in this city.
3. The boy rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat.
4. Following her students, the English teacher entered the classroom.
5. The twin brothers dressed in the same clothes, you can hardly tell them apart.
课件31张PPT。Grammar and usage南外仙林分校 邱东Verb-ing & verb-ed Function as adjectives
Function as adverbsv-ing形式作定语单个的v-ing形式
developing countries
= countries that are developing
an ordinary-looking house
= a house that looks ordinary
a puzzling problem
= a problem that puzzles somebody *常作前置定语，相当于定语从句Verb-ing短语
The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory.
They lived in a house facing south.
*常作后置定语，也相当于定语从句某些情况下，定语不能用v-ing 形式，必须用定语从句。?
① 作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。
昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。
【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.
【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture. ② v-ing形式的完成式一般不作定语，只作状语。
被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。
【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
v-ed形式作定语 单个动词-ed形式作定语
A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。
All the broken doors and windows have been repaired.
When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper.
提 示 如表示强调，单个v-ed形式也可作后置定语。
Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。*常作前置定语，相当于定语从句Verb-ed短语
We have read many novels written by this author. (= that are written by this author)
The meeting, attended by 1,000 students, was a success.
(= which was attended by 1,000 students)
*常作后置定语，也相当于定语从句v-ing & v-ed作定语的区别 1．及物动词的-ing形式作定语表示与被修饰名词是主动关系，及物动词的-ed 形式表示与被修饰名词是被动关系。
The group called Green Hand is trying to help protect the environment.
The group calling itself Green Hand is trying to help protect the environment.2．不及物动词-ing形式表示动词正在进行，而-ed形式表示动作已完成，并不带有被动的含义。
falling leaves?正在飘落的叶子
fallen leaves?落叶
an escaped prisoner
= a prisoner who has escaped 逃犯
a retired worker = a worker who has retired 退休工人V-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，其动作执行者与句子主语是主动一致。在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
(= After we have made full preparations...)
2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
(= Since he was ill...)
3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
(= and left him a lot of money.)4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
=If you work hard at your lessons...
5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
= Although they knew all this...
6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
= ...and stared at the sky for a long time动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。但其动作执行者与句子主语是被动一致。V-ed形式作状语1 动词-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful.
= When the city is seen from the tower...
有时动词-ed形式前可加连词when, while等来强调时间概念。
Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.2 v-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying.
(= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...)
3 v-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Heated, water changes into steam.
(= If water is heated...)4 动词-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
(= Although they were exhausted by the running ...)为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。
Even if invited, I won't go.
Though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart.
Unless invited, he will not come back to the company. 5 动词-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。
The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.
(= and he was surrounded …)Practice : Tell the functions:
Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away.
Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
He went into the office, followed by many children. 时间原因让步伴随Part A in the textbook.Different forms and functions Different forms and functions *a meeting held yesterday
a meeting being held now
I found my watch being repaired when I got to the shop, so I had to wait.
I found my watch repaired when I got to the ship, so I paid the worker and returned.Summary 非谓语动词的形式及用法Summary 非谓语动词的形式及用法自测天地Homework Workbook C1 & C 2
Thank you!Teaching plan for Project in Unit 4
南外仙林分校 李方
Teaching aims:
1. Give students a chance to practice their English by completing a project.
Teach students how to protect themselves from dangers on the roads.
Encourage students to finish a project by working together.
Teaching procedure:
Step 1
(Discussion)
(Showing students two pictures of traffic accidents)
What should you pay attention to when you go school by bike?
What do you need to do to avoid accidents on your way to school on foot?
If you are a bus driver, what do you think you should or shouldn’t do when you drive students to their school?
What are the possible reasons for the traffic accident? What do you think should be done to avoid a traffic accident?
Step 2
(lead-in)
From the title, what information do you think the reading passage will give us?
Step 3
Read the article carefully and find answers to first four questions in Part B
Step 4 further Reading
Let’s check your understanding of the reading passage by more questions.
Step 5 Consolidation
1) Read the article again and complete the following notes:
2) Work in groups of four or six to discuss the questions 5-8 in Part B. Write down your answers. Then one student from each group presents your answer to the class. Other groups can give your comments.
3) Do Exercises
Step 6 Language points:
课件33张PPT。Unit 4 Project Preventing traffic Accidents南外仙林分校 李方 What do the two pictures tell us? Let’s discuss the following questions: What should you pay attention to when you go school by bike?
What do you need to do to avoid accidents on your way to school on foot?
If you are a bus driver, what do you think you should or shouldn’t do when you drive students to their school?
What are the possible reasons for the traffic accident? What do you think should be done to avoid a traffic accident?Traffic Accidents and Road SafetyFrom the title, what information do you think the reading passage will give us?
the causes of traffic accidents and how to be safe on the road Read the article carefully and find answers to first four questions in Part B.1 What are some of the causes of traffic accidents involving vehicles?
2 How do accidents involving bicycles happen?
3 If you are cycling at night, what should you always do?
4 What should all pedestrians do?Answers
1 Traffic accidents involving vehicles are mainly caused by drivers who make incorrect actions, such as not paying attention while driving, being impatient in a traffic jam, speaking in a mobile phone while driving, drinking alcohol, speeding and so on.2 Accidents involving bicycles are usually caused because cyclists are not paying attention to the cars around them, or carrying a passenger. Sometimes accidents occur with bicycles when the brakes on their bicycles do not work properly or their bicycles do not use lights at night.3 There should be a light on the bicycle.4 Pedestrians should always cross roads on a crossing. While crossing, they should look both ways and listen for cars. Let’s check your understanding of the reading passage by more questions. 1 What is the purpose of the notice?
The notice is aimed at increasing people’s awareness of the traffic problem.
2 What is the most common cause of accidents?
Drivers’ not paying attention.
3 Why is it dangerous for drivers to speak on mobile phones?
Because speaking on the phone requires concentration and takes a driver’s attention from the road.● 4 Can cyclists ride on the pavement? Why (not)?
No, they can’t. Because riding on the pavement can be dangerous to pedestrians. They should walk next to their bicycles.
5 What can we do to prevent accidents?
Pedestrians, cyclists and drivers should all obey traffic lights and make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
Read the article again and complete the following notes:
In order to prevent accidents, drivers should
___________________________________ ;
( pay attention to the surrounding traffic)
___________________________________;
(be patient in a traffic jam)
___________________________________;
(not speak on a mobile phone)
___________________________________;
(not drink alcohol)
___________________________________;
(not drive too fast)In order to prevent accidents, cyclists should
_______________________________;
(always obey traffic laws)
_______________________________;
(pay attention to the cars that surround them)_______________________________;
(not carry a passenger)
_______________________________;
(have a light on the bicycle at night)
_______________________________;
(keep the bicycle in good condition)In order to prevent accidents, pedestrians should
______________________________; (always cross roads on a crossing)
______________________________; (never ignore traffic lights)Part B
Work in groups of four or six to discuss the questions 5-8 in Part B. Write down your answers. Then one student from each group presents your answer to the class. Other groups can give your comments.Exercises in classComplete the sentences with proper words or phrases from the article on pages 62-63 of your book. Change the form where necessary.1 There were 39, 000 new cases last year - an ____________ of 7 per cent.
2 He is still standing under the tree, not ____________ the danger.
3 My father was ____________ for dangerous driving yesterday.
4 He has been ____________ from his job for dishonesty.increaseaware of fineddismissed5 It would be______________ to ignore these warnings.
6 Leaving your house unlocked is an open ____________ to burglars.
7 The western part of China is in great ____________ of teachers.
8 Whenever you come into his room, it is always ____________.irresponsible invitation needorderly
9 I found it hard to follow what the teacher was saying, and eventually I lost ____________.
10 In _________ cases, the disease can lead to blindness.concentrationextremeLanguage points1. The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year. (P62)
arise
v. [I] (arose, arisen) to happen: Should the opportunity arise, I'd love to go to China. Could you work on Saturday, should the need arise (= if it were to be necessary)? Are there any matters arising from (= caused by) the last meeting? 2. This notice is aimed at increasing people’s awareness of the problem because it has become quite extreme. (P62)aim at sth.
to plan, hope / intend to achieve sth.: The talks are aiming at a compromise.
[+ doing ]
The government's campaign is aimed at influencing public opinion. aware adj. knowing that sth. exists, or having knowledge or experience of a particular thing:
[+ that] I wasn't even aware that he was ill. She was well (= very) aware that he was married .
Were you aware of the risks at the time?
I suddenly became aware of (= started to notice) him looking at me.
"Has Claude paid the phone bill?" "Not as far as I'm aware." (= I don't think so) awarenessn. [U] Public awareness of the problem will make politicians take it seriously.
Environmental awareness has increased dramatically over the past decade. 3. We must all be aware of the potential causes of traffic accidents and act to prevent them. (P 62)potential adj.
possible when the necessary conditions exist: 1) A number of potential buyers have expressed interest in the company. 2) Many potential customers are waiting for a fall in prices before buying. 3) The accident is a grim reminder of the potential dangers involved in North Sea oil production4. Many drivers are aggressive and push into other lanes of traffic or overtake other cars. (P62)aggressive adj.
behaving in an angry and violent way towards another person: Men tend to be more aggressive than women. If I criticize him, he gets aggressive and starts shouting.
2) determined to win or succeed and using forceful action to achieve victory or success: an aggressive election campaign aggressive marketing tactics overtake v. (overtook, overtaken) Vt. to go beyond sth. by being a greater amount or degree: Our US sales have now overtaken our sales in Europe. We'd planned to hold a meeting tomorrow, but events have overtaken us (= things have changed).
2) vt./vi. to come from behind another vehicle or a person and move in front of it: Always check your rear view mirror before you overtake (another car).5. Recently the number of people fined for speaking on their mobile phones while driving has increased by 30 percent. (P62)fine n.c.
an amount of money that has to be paid as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law: The maximum penalty for the offence is a $1000 fine. If found guilty, he faces six months in jail and a
heavy (= severe) fine.
vt.
Drivers who exceed the speed limit can expect to be fined heavily. [+ two objects] They fined him $100 for using threatening behavior. 6. If you drive after you have consumed alcoholic drinks, you are violating the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others. (P62) consume vt.
1) to use fuel, energy or time, especially in large amounts: Our high living standards cause our present population to consume 25 percent of the world's oil.
2) FORMAL to eat or drink, especially a lot of sth.: He consumes vast quantities of chips with every meal.
violate vt.
to break or act against sth., especially a law, agreement, principle or sth. that should be treated with respect: They were charged with violating federal law. risk vt.1) to do sth. although there is a chance of a bad result: ---"It's dangerous to cross here."
---"I'll just have to risk it." [+ doing]
He risked losing his house when his company went bankrupt. 2) If you risk sth. important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it: He risked life and limb to get the cat down from the tree. She was prepared to risk everything on a last throw of the dice.Bye bye!课件27张PPT。ReadingThe first underground in the world南外仙林分校 江亚平Review of different means of transportationSteam trainbusshipcoachundergroundmaglevaeroplaneLead-inAmong all these means of transportation mentioned above, which can you take in our city?
In recent years, Nanjing has got a new means of transportation, do you know what it is?
Do you know something about the first underground in the world?
Skimming(1)Skim the text and find the general idea of the passage.
This article is a tourist brochure about how the London Underground developed. Skimming(2) 1. When was the first underground system opened?
In 1863
2. Why was the Victorian time important?
Because it linked with other lines at almost every station, making the system more user-friendly.
3. What did Charles Holden do?
He is the architect that designed many of the stations between 1918 and 1938. Many of the stations are still in use today.
scanningWhy was an underground system first developed in London?
Most railway tracks did not go into the London city centre, so buses were required. This increased traffic on the road. The underground system transported more people without increasing traffic on the road. 2. What was the London Underground like in 1863?
The carriages did not have windows and were pulled by steam engines through narrow tunnels. 3. What did Charles Yerkes do to improve the underground?
He bought many of the different lines and set up the Underground Group.
4. What are some of the different things that the underground has functioned as?
It has functioned as
1. a bomb shelter
2. an aeroplane factory,
3. anti-aircraft centre
4. meeting rooms for the government administration. 5. What happened to the London Underground after World War Ⅱ?
More lines were added because more people traveled on the underground. 6. What does it mean when the brochure says that the underground system is user-friendly?
It means that many of the lines are linked at many stations. Therefore, it is very convenient for riders to go to different places in the city from any station.Structure analyzingParagraph 1Paragraph 2-4Paragraph 5Paragraph 6-7
The main ideas of the four partsPart 1
reasons why the first underground in the world was developed.
Part 2
developments of the first underground before World War Ⅱ.
Part 3
some unusual uses of the first underground during World War Ⅱ.
Part 4
expansion and popularity of the first underground system Development of the LU system before World War IIAn underground railway was decided to be built
The first tunnels were openedThe next section of the underground system was openedThe underground service was provided in the middle of the city
Development of the LU system before World War II
A public organization was createdLondon transport was expanded
More people traveled on the underground and more lines were added
The last line was addedReading strategy: reading a tourist brochure Key facts of a tourist brochure
1. History of a certain place or an item, including its dates and years
2. Some important people concerned
3. Interesting facts
4. Persuasive and interesting language
DISCUSSIONWhat is your impression of the London
underground? Please use your own words
to give a description.
Old
User-friendly
Complex
Convenient
…
Blank-fillingWhile I went sighting in London, I visited the London ___________. Like most tourists, I was very interested in it as it is the ___________ system in the world. It is also very ___________. I was told that the first part of the underground system opened in __________ and it took people from the ___________ of London to the city _________. The tunnels under the ground were very narrow compared to the last line that was constructed in __________. When __________ first ran in these tunnels, there was lots of _________ and ___________. I think it must have been horrible and damp down there! When I come back, I’ll show you the brochure and the album of photos I took there.
undergroundoldestcomplex
1863boundary
centre1977
carriagessmokenoiseAnother problem was that there were a dozen _________ lines, which were not linked. This made the system not _____________ , but now the different lines have been ___________. The union of the different lines makes traveling on the London Underground much more ______________. I bought a ticket at a _________ and rode the underground three times. It was quite good. Even the stations built in the 1920s were quite ___________. Another interesting thing was that the tunnels were used for all sorts of things during ________________, such as a_______________ and an anti-aircraft center. differentuser-friendlyjoinedconvenient
discount
modernWorld War IIbomb shelterRole-play Suppose you are a guide. Now you are leading a tourist group to Nanjing City. Please combine the knowledge of our hometown you have already known with the language skills we learned today to give the tourist a short speech.
HomeworkFinish the workbook exercise P130-131.
Preview language points in the text.Reading: the first period
南外仙林分校 江亚平
Teaching aims:
(1) Encourage the Ss to grasp the main idea of the article.
(2) Stimulate the Ss’ interest in learning English by talking about their own traveling experiences.
(3) Students are expected to gain some knowledge about London Underground and reinforce their reading comprehension.
(4) Develop the students’ reading ability---how to read a tourist brochure.
Important points & difficult points:
Get students to understand the main idea of the reading passage.
Have students know something about the London Underground.
Procedure:
Step1 Daily report.
Ask one student to do a daily report on one of his or her traveling experiences.
Step2 Review of different means of transportation
Show students a few pictures of different means of transportation and get them to tell the names of the transportation tools to consolidate what they have learnt.
Step3 Lead-in
Ask students to answer the following questions:
1. Among all these means of transportation mentioned above, which can you take in our city?
2. In recent years, Nanjing has got a new means of transportation; do you know what it is?
3. Do you know something about the first underground in the world?
Step4 Skimming
1. When was the first underground system opened?
In 1863
2. Why was the Victorian time important?
Because it linked with other lines at almost every station, making the system more user-friendly.
3. What did Charles Holden do?
He is the architect that designed many of the stations between 1918 and 1938. Many of the stations are still in use today.
Step5 Scanning
Why was an underground system first developed in London?
Most railway tracks did not go into the London city centre, so buses were required. This increased traffic on the road. The underground system transported more people without increasing traffic on the road.
2. What was the London Underground like in 1863?
The carriages did not have windows and were pulled by steam engines through narrow tunnels.
3. What did Charles Yerkes do to improve the underground?
He bought many of the different lines and set up the Underground Group.
4. What are some of the different things that the underground has functioned as?
It has functioned as a bomb shelter, an aeroplane factory, an anti-aircraft centre and meeting rooms for the government admistration.
5. What happened to the London Underground after World War Ⅱ?
More lines were added because more people travelled on the underground.
6. What does it mean when the brochure says that the underground system is user-friendly?
It means that many of the lines are linked at many stations. Therefore, it is very convenient for riders to go to different places in the city from any station.
Step6 Structure analyzing
part
paragraph
Main idea
Part 1
Para 1
Part 2
Para 2-4
Part 3
Para 5
Part 4
Para 6-7
Step7 Development of the LU system before World War II
date
event
1854
1863
1868
1884
1933
1918-1938
After 1945
1977
Step8 Reading strategy: reading a tourist brochure
Key facts of a tourist brochure
1. History of a certain place or an item, including its dates and years
2. Some important people concerned
3. Interesting facts
4. Persuasive and interesting language
Question:
What is your impression of the London underground? Please use your own words to give a description.
London underground: old / user-friendly / complex / convenient/……
Step9 Blank-filling
While I went sighting in London, I visited the London ___________. Like most tourists, I was very interested in it as it is the ___________ system in the world. It is also very ___________. I was told that the first part of the underground system opened in __________ and it took people from the ___________ of London to the city _________. The tunnels under the ground were very narrow compared to the last line that was constructed in __________. When __________ first ran in these tunnels, there was lots of _________ and ___________. I think it must have been horrible and damp down there! anti-aircraft center. When I come back, I’ll show you the brochure and the album of photos I took there.
Another problem was that there were a dozen _________ lines, which were not linked. This made the system not _____________, but now the different lines have been ___________. The union of the different lines makes traveling on the London Underground much more ______________. I bought a ticket at a _________ and rode the underground three times. It was quite good. Even the stations built in the 1920s were quite ___________. Another interesting thing was that the tunnels were used for all sorts of things during ________________, such as _______________ and an anti-aircraft center. When I come back, I’ll show you the brochure and the album of photos I took there.
Step10 Role-play
Suppose you are a guide. Now you are leading a tourist group to Nanjing City. Please combine the knowledge of our hometown you have already known with the language skills we learned today to give the tourist a short speech.
Step11 Homework
Finish the relative exercise on page 130 and 131.
Preview the language points in the text.
Reading Unit 4 Module 7
南外仙林分校 龚熙华
Teaching aims:
1. Encourage the Ss to raise reading ability by focusing on language points.
2. Get the Ss to grasp the new language usage in the text by learning them.
Important points & difficult points:
Language usage: distant(distance); boundary; historic(historical); choke; link; place; fun_ction; honor; permit
1. distant (Line5)
adj. far away
in the distant past/future: far away in the past or future: distance n. [C or U] the amount of space between two places: He travels quite a distance (= a long way) to work every day.
Does she live within walking distance of her parents?
2. boundary: n. -- the edge (Line5)
The mountain becomes the national ~ for both countries.
The fence serves as a ~ between the two buildings.
the boundaries of knowledge
3. historic: adj. -- having importance in or influence on history (Line 6)
11 November 1918 is a ~ day as it represents the end of World War I.
Can you tell me when the ~ meeting between the two great leaders was held?
This building is of ~importance.
historic / historical:
Historic and historical are differentiated in usage, though their senses overlap.
Historic refers to what is important in history:
the historic first voyage to outer space
It is also used of what is famous or interesting because of its association with persons or events in history:
a historic house
Historical refers to whatever existed in the past, whether regarded as important or not:
a historical character
Historical refers also to anything concerned with history or the study of the past:
a historical novel
historical discoveries
The differentiation between the words is not complete. They are often used interchangeably:
historic times or historical times
4. choke (Line8)
n. [C] v. 窒息；堵塞；阻塞
1). The child swallowed a pen and chocked to death.
2). The roads to the coast were choked with traffic.
3). At lunchtime the streets were choked with traffic.
4). Children can choke on peanuts.
引申: chock back 忍住，抑制
chock up 因激动等说不出话来
5. link (Line21)
v. [T] to make a connection between two or more people, things or ideas:
1) The explosions are not thought to be linked in any way.
link up: to form a connection, especially in order to work or operate together:
2) The organization's aim is to link up people from all over the country who are suffering from the disease.
3) They linked up two areas by telephone.
用法拓展:be connected with 与……相接，和……有联系
6. place: v. --to be in a state or situation (Line 36)
1) She placed a tape recorder in front of her on the table.
2) His uncooperative attitude placed us in an embarrassing situation.
3) This job places great demands on the workers, which can be quite stressful.
7. be responsible for: be in charge of (L39)
The driver is responsible for the passengers’ safety.
2) Philip is the project manager. He is responsible for anything concerning the project.
3) Who is responsible for making the dinner reservation?
8. fun_ction as: serve as (L42)
1) My living room also functions as a study.
2) The room functioned as a store room for keeping all our collection.
3) The beautiful leaf functioned as a bookmark
9. honor (L51) a quality that combines respect, pride and honesty:
a man of honor
We fought for the honor of our country.
n. [C] a reward, prize or title that publicly expresses admiration or respect:
She received an honor for her services to the community.
in honor of sb./ sth. in order to celebrate or show great respect for someone or sth.:
a banquet in honor of the president
10. permit (L57)
v. -tt- [T] to allow sth.:
The regulations do not permit much flexibility.
[+do ing] The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month.
[+ object + to infinitive] The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password.
课件16张PPT。南外仙林分校 龚熙华language focus 1. distant (Line5)
adj. far away
in the distant past/future: far away in the past or future: distance n. [C or U] the amount of space between two places: He travels quite a distance (= a long way) to work every day.
Does she live within walking distance of her parents?高考链接 The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____ of 60 miles.（2004全国）
A. length B. distance
C. way D. space
2. boundary: n. -- the edge (Line5)
The mountain becomes the national
~ for both countries.
The fence serves as a ~ between the
two buildings.
the boundaries of knowledge3. historic: adj. -- having importance in
or influence on history
(Line 6)
11 November 1918 is a ~ day as it
represents the end of World War I.
Can you tell me when the ~ meeting
between the two great leaders
was held?
This building is of ~importance.
historic / historical:
Historic and historical are differentiated
in usage, though their senses overlap.
Historic refers to what is important in
history:
the historic first voyage to outer space
It is also used of what is famous or
interesting because of its association
with persons or events in history:
a historic house Historical refers to whatever existed in the past, whether regarded as important or not:
a historical character
Historical refers also to anything concerned with history or the study of the past:
a historical novel
historical discoveries
The differentiation between the words is not complete. They are often used interchangeably:
historic times or historical times 4. choke (Line8)
n. [C] v. 窒息；堵塞；阻塞
1). The child swallowed a pen and chocked to death.
2). The roads to the coast were choked with traffic.
3). At lunchtime the streets were choked with traffic.
4). Children can choke on peanuts.
引申: chock back 忍住，抑制
chock up 因激动等说不出话来自我检测During the rush hours the roads are usually _____ up with traffic.
A. chocked B. crowded
C. blocked D. checked
5. link (Line21)
v. [T] to make a connection between two or more people, things or ideas: 1.The explosions are not thought to be linked in any way.
link up: to form a connection, especially in order to work or operate together: 2.The organization's aim is to link up people from all over the country who are suffering from the disease. 3. They linked up two areas by telephone.
用法拓展:be connected with 与……相接，
和……有联系 6. place: v. --to be in a state or situation
(Line 36)
1) She placed a tape recorder in front of her on the table.
2) His uncooperative attitude placed us in an embarrassing situation.
3) This job places great demands on the workers, which can be quite stressful.7. be responsible for: be in charge of (L39)
The driver is responsible for the passengers’ safety.
2) Philip is the project manager. He is responsible for anything concerning the project.
3) Who is responsible for making the
dinner reservation?8. fun_ction as: serve as (L42)
My living room also functions as a study.
The room functioned as a store room
for keeping all our collection.
The beautiful leaf functioned as a
bookmark.9. honor (L51)
a quality that combines respect, pride and honesty: a man of honor We fought for the honor of our country.
n. [C] a reward, prize or title that publicly expresses admiration or respect: She received an honor for her services to the community. in honor of sb./ sth. in order to celebrate or show great respect for someone or sth.: a banquet in honor of the president 高考链接My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it. (2006陕西)
A. in favor of B. in memory of
C. in honour of D. in search of
10. permit (L57)
v. -tt- [T] to allow sth.: The regulations do not permit much flexibility. [+ ing form of verb] The prison authorities permit visiting only once a month. [+ object + to infinitive] The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password. 课件18张PPT。Task
陈实1. Decide _______________.
2. ______Mr An and ask him to suggest the best way.
Look on the _______ for information.
4. Decide on the best________ to travel.
how to get therePhone Internet methodThings to do for our May Day
holiday trip5. Remember the travel allowance to Dalian is ______ yuan for _____ people.
6. Go to the ___________ and find out about the _________.2,2006ticket office timetable7. Decide on the time to ______.
8. _______________ to your uncle with all the information and _______ him not to be late.leaveSend an e-mailremindtakes a long time;
father does not like boatsit takes 16 hours
just get to Beijingthere are several to choose from leaving at different times;
quickest and most convenientvery crowdedharbour city and industrial baseQuestion Information to find outCould you please tell me the how I
can get to…?different ways to travelWhich is the fastest train?Could you please tell what time the train to… leaves/arrives?the fastest way to traveltime of departure/arrivalHow long does it take to get to…on that train?How much does it cost to buy a hard sleepers ticket?How many times do I need to change my trains?travel timecostnumber of changes neededNanjing---BeijingBeijing---DalianTrain
No.DepartArriveT225T8118.0021.2106.0006.5812hr9hr
37 minTravel
timeHard
seatHard sleeperSoft
sleeper120257222390338Cost (yuan)140Tickets
_________________________________
From Nanjing to From Beijing to
Beijing Dalian
Train No.: Train No.:
__________________________________
Total travel time: Total cost for two
families: 1426T22527 hr 26 min2,190 yuanDear uncle,
We’ve decided to go to Dalian by train after comparing different means of transport. Dalian is a port city and it is convenient to get there by ferry, but we will have to go to Shanghai first. The problem is, during the peak travel season the slow ferries are not very punctual, and there is no guarantee that we can get the particular ferry we want. Besides, we can’t go there by air because Mum is afraid of flying and the air tickets would be very expensive. The travel allowance for this trip is only 2,200 yuan. Concerning the above matters, we decided to take trains and meet you in Beijing. First, my parents and I will take Train 1426 that leaves for Beijing at 23.08 on the 30th, and we will arrive at 14.34 on May 1st. Then we’ll meet you and takeT225 to Dalian. The departure time is 18.00. We’ll get to Dalian at 6.00 on May 2nd. The ticket for 1426 is 216 yuan and for T225 257 yuan for one person. So we will spend 2,190 yuan on the train tickets altogether. We’ll meet at the Beijing Train Station. Remember the departure time and don’t be late for the train.
Best wishes,Thank you!Teaching plan
Task Writing an e-mail to give information
南外仙林分校 陈实
Teaching aims:
to get students to learn how to listen for important information.
to get students to learn to budget for a trip.
Teaching steps:
Step 1: Give students the background of this story. Let them plan a list of things they need to do for the coming trip if they are in such circumstances. They may be able to fill in some of the blanks in part A even before listening. Then listen to the tape for the first time and finish the rest of the blanks.
Step2: Listen to part A for the second time if necessary.
Step3: One of the things you were asked to do was call Mr. An. Listen to the telephone conversation and make some notes about the information Mr. An gives.
Step4: (1) You also want to look on a website about Dalian to make a perfect arrangement for the trip. Read the information and complete the note.
(2) Explain some new words if necessary. It may include: harbour, speed up, peak, punctual
Step5: Pair work: You have decided to travel by train. You are at the railway station and are trying to buy some tickets for the fastest train. List the sorts of questions you need to ask. Find a partner to be the ticket seller. (Only your partner has the timetable. Ask him or her questions. Then you choose the fastest train within the right budget. Then switch roles. Compare the final decision between students.
Step6: You need to write an e-mail to your uncle. Get students to think about what things you need to write in the e-mail.
You need to say that you have decided that the families should take the train and why you decide on this. Also tell him the departure and arrival time and remind him not to be late.
Unit 4 public transport
Period 1 Welcome to the unit
南外仙林分校 章策文
Teaching Objectives:
to get the students to talk about different means of transport and its main fun_ction.
Students are expected to discuss the advantages and disadvantages between all these means of transport and how important they are to our lives.
Teaching procedures:
lead in
Do you like traveling? Where have you been and how did you go there?
brainstorming
What is included in public transport?
picture talking
show students different pictures about public transport and discuss their different functions.
questions
What is the difference between a bus and a coach?
2) Why do you think people would choose to travel by aeroplane rather than by ship?
3) Why do you think we need all these different types of transport?
group discussion
How do people travel within a city?
2). How do people travel to nearby cities?
3) How did people travel to a faraway city in ancient times?
课件41张PPT。Unit 4 Public transportWelcome to the unit南外仙林分校 章策文Where have you been to?
How did you go there?Brainstormingpublic transportbusescoachestrainsundergroundshipsmaglev trainsaeroplanes…In the 19th century, ___________ helped transport people all over the world.steam trainsDifferent means of transportTransport and Weather_____ have routes. They pick up and drop off people at different places on the route. It is a popular means of transport within a city.Buses_____ were a popular way to travel from place to place in the 20th century.Ships_______ are buses that carry people over long distances.CoachesIn the 19th century, roads
became crowded in cities and so ____________ _____became popular.underground trains__________ are used to travel quickly over long distances.AeroplanesThe ___________ is a new form
of transport. It is powered by magnets.maglev trainQuestions1.What is the difference between a bus and a coach?The main difference between the two is that a bus often travels on a fixed route while a coach is the means of transport for people who travel to a relatively faraway place.Both of them look very similar, but in most cases a coach is designed for long-distance travellers, so you won’t be surprised to find a coach equipped with air conditioning, seats with cushions and DVD players. In contrast, a bus appears very plain.2. Why do you think people would choose to travel by aeroplane rather than by ship?There are two reasons. First, air travel is quicker. Businessmen who value time regularly travel by aeroplane because of its speed. Second, travelling by plane is more comfortable than by ship. With the improvement of technology, many airline companies offer excellent services at a reasonable price.Different types of transport can meet different customers’ needs. Each type of transport has its own strengths and limitations.3. Why do you think we need all these different types of transport?Group discussionBy bus.By coach.Cattle, mules or horses were used by people as the main means of transport. 2. How do people travel to nearby cities?3. How did people travel to a faraway city in ancient times?1. How do people travel within a city?4. How did people travel to European countries in the past?5. How do people go to other countries today?By ship.By plane.Discussion What do you have to consider before you decide which means of transportation you will use?distance
speed
cost
comfortsafety
time
convenience
weather
… Weather conditions have a strong influence on transport. It is very important that drivers are aware of weather conditions such as wind, rain or a typhoon. Ship captains need to know about wave conditions. Airplane pilots want to know about the condition of the atmosphere. Automobile drivers and railroad engineers have to know if rain or snow is going to fall. Without correct, timely weather information, transportation equipment cannot be safely operated. That's why operators of such equipment and passengers may pay very close attention to weather reports. How would you like to go to the places?Situation 1: from Shanghai to London
Situation 2: from Chongqing to Chengdu
Situation 3: from Beijing to Guangzhou
Situation 4: from Dalian to Qingdao Advantages and disadvantages of the popular means of transport:cheap and convenienteasily trapped in traffic jams; not so comfortable during peak hours because they are usually very crowded; cause pollution; …extremely fast and convenient;…fast and convenient;
comfortable;
fewer traffic accidents;expensive to build;
…very expensive to
build;…comfortablefast/convenient; relatively the
safest way of travel; …relatively expensive;…not comfortable for those who are seasick; relatively slow; the safety of the trip would be affected by storms; …Do you know what these road
signs mean?There is a narrow bridge ahead.The road is not straight and speed is limited to 40kms/h.Double lanesT-shaped road aheadWhat different ways of transport have you experienced?Do you know the following tools
of transport?light railwayhelicopterferrymotorboatReview what we have learned in this period. Write a passage about how has affected people’s lives.
Preview reading.HomeworkWord power
南外仙林分校 戚敏
Teaching aims:
(1). Learn and master the new words related to transport.
(2). Enlarge the vocabulary in this section and apply them to practical use.
Important points & difficult points:
(1). Remember the different kinds of roads.
(2). Remember different tools of transport.
Procedure:
Step 1 Lead-in
Word game:
1. What are very small roads called in English?
2. What are roads where cars can go very fast called?
3. What are roads that go over other roads called?
4. What are roads that go through a tunnel called?
5. What are roads that people need to pay to use called?
6. What are roads that are made up of many flyovers and intersections called?
7. What are roads that have sidewalks in a city or town called?
8. What are wide roads that are lined with trees on each side called?
Step 2 Read and speak
1. Ask students to read the passage in Part A.
2. To check students’ understanding of the passage, you may ask them the following questions:
(1) What kinds of roads are called flyovers?
(2) What kinds of roads are called underpasses?
(3) What do people call the area where many roads link up?
(4) What is a toll road?
(5) What is spaghetti? Why do people call the network of roads near Birmingham “Spaghetti Junction” ?
3. Ask students if they know any other tools of transport besides what they have learnt. You may offer some photos and get students to speak out the correct words
Step 3 Further study
1. Ask students to focus on the flow chart in Part B. They should know that the flow chart here categorizes the different ways people travel by land, air or sea.
2. Ask students to read the passage in Part C, which is an introduction to a transport project. Student should complete the introduction with the words they have learnt in Parts A and B. Then check the answers with the class.
3. For Part D, you may ask students some questions to help them find out these words and phrases. For example:
What must you do before you go somewhere by train?
Book a seat or a ticket.
Where will you go to buy the train ticket?
To the ticket office.
How do we know which train is available?
Read a timetable first.
What ticket can help a student save money?
A student ticket.
For the majority the good way to save money is to buy _____ ticket.
What do we call the person who is traveling on a train?
A passenger.
What do we call the person who sells bus tickets?
A conductor.
If you want to travel to a foreign country, what must you have?
A passport and a visa.
4. Ask students to go over Part D and fill in the box. Tell them that the word ‘passenger’ should not be put in the box because passengers are not the people who make transport smoothly.
Step 4 Homework
(1) Learn all the new words by heart.
(2) Workbook P130 Reading A
课件28张PPT。Word powerPublic transport南外仙林分校 戚 敏lanes/ pathsWhat are very small roads called in English?What are roads where cars can
go very fast called?Motorways
Expressways
FreewaysWhat are roads
that go over other
roads called?flyovers
overpassesWhat are roads that go through a tunnel called?underpassesWhat are roads that people need to pay to use called?Toll roads
/highwaysWhat is the area where many
roads meet or link up called?junction
intersectionWhat are roads that are made
up of many flyovers and
intersections called?Spaghetti
junctionstreetWhat are roads that have
sidewalks in a city or town called?avenueWhat are wide roads that
are lined with trees on each side called?Do you know the following tools of transport?light railwayAeroplanehelicopterMetro/ subway/
undergroundferryshipmotorboatsThrilling
Exciting
Amazing
Adventurous
Challenging Single decker busdouble decker buscoachvanlorrytruckTaxi/ cabjeepMaglev trainRead the passage in Part A and answer the following questions.1. What kinds of roads are called flyovers?
2. What kinds of roads are called underpasses?
3. What do people call the area where many roads link up?
4. What is a toll road?
5. What is spaghetti? Why do people call the network of roads near Birmingham “Spaghetti Junction” ?Look at the flow chat below and try to categorize the different ways that we can travel.transportlandairsea??? Answers of Part C1.transport
2.transport
3. main
4.motorways
5. lanes
6. paths
7. flyovers
8. land9. sea
10.aeroplanes
11.helicopters
12.ship
13.ferry
14.land
15.motorboatAnswer the following questions by using the the words or phrases listed in Part D.What must you do before you go somewhere by train?
Book a seat or a ticket.
Where will you go to buy the train ticket?
To the ticket office.
How do we know which train is available?
Read a timetable first.What ticket can help a student save money?
A student ticket.
For the majority the good way to save money is to buy _______________________ ticket.commutation/ return/ collectiveWhat do we call the person who is traveling on a train?
A passenger.
What do we call the person who sells bus tickets?
A conductor.
If you want to travel to a foreign country, what must you have?
A passport and a visa.
Homework: Review what we learned today.
Workbook P130 Reading A
