高一英语 unit1-12[上学期]
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Unit 1 Good Friends
I. Goals: Talk about friends
Practice talking about likes and dislikes
Learn to make apologies
Write an e-mail
II. Key points : Use Direct Speech: He says,“…”
Use Indirect Speech: He said that…
She asks if /what/who/where/how…
III. Difficult points:
1. loyal adj. 忠诚的，忠心的
a loyal friend 忠实的朋友
He is a loyal soldier. 他是个忠诚的战士。
be loyal to 忠诚于 … …
be loyal to a vow 信守誓约
We should be loyal to our country. 我们要忠于祖国。
He was utterly loyal to his wife. 他对妻子很忠心。
loyalty n. [U] 忠诚
This showed their love and loyalty to Lenin and the Party he had built.
The loyalty of dogs to their owners is well-known.
2. argue v. 争论， 辩论
The two lawyers argued their case in court.
His mother and father argue with each other all the time.
argue with sb. about/ over sth. 同某人争论某事。
He is always ready to argue about politics with George.
argue against据理反对； 证明 … … 是不能成立的。
He argued against any increase in expenditure.
他反对增加开支。
All this argued against the theory that the disease was spread by water.
argument n. 论点， 争论，辩论
There are at least two sides to every argument.
3. fond adj. 喜爱的 多情的，喜欢的
He has fond memories of his childhood.
be fond of 喜欢… …； 喜欢做 … …
She is fond of children.
4. hunt v. 打猎， 猎取， 搜寻
Every autumn, many people hunt deer in this area.
n. 搜寻，寻找
The police started a hunt for the murderer.
5. board n. 木板， 甲板
Workers nail boards together to build a house.
on board到船上， 上火车或飞机
There are 150 passengers on board this jet.
6. desert n. [C] 沙漠；荒野；不毛之地
Vt. 遗弃； 抛弃，离弃
He deserted his wife and children during the war.
deserted: 无人的； 被抛弃的； 被遗弃的
7. survive vt. 幸免于，从… … 逃生
vi. 活下来， 幸存， 残存
He survived in the desert for a week on biscuits and water.
8. crash n. 坠毁； 碰撞； 碰坏； 哗啦啦地倒塌
v. 撞击；坠毁
He was killed in an aircraft crash.
The aircraft crashed.
9. share v. 分享； 共同负担；共有；共用
n. 负担量；一份，份额
share (in) sth. 分享某事（物）
share sth. with sb. 与… … 共用… …
We share the same room.
I will share the cost with you.
10. sorrow n. 悲哀； 悲伤
to one’s great sorrow使人极为悲哀的是
look at sb. in sorrow悲伤地注视着某人。
The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news.
11. treat n. 对待； 治疗；款待
treat … as… “把… … 当作… … 对待”
treatment n. 对待； 待遇； 治疗
be under treatment在治疗中
He treats his wife badly.他对待妻子不好。
She treated each of the children to an ice-cream.
IV. Homework: Translate the text into Chinese.
Unit 2 English around the World
I. Goals: Learn about differences between American and British English
Learn about communication skills
II. Key points: Use reported requests: He asked me to …
Use reported commands: She told me to….
III. Difficult points:
1. majority n. 大多数，大部分
The majority of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games.
major adj. 主要的，重要的；一流的
n. 主修科目； 主修… … 的学生
major industries 重要产业
a major problem 重大问题
a major subject 主修科目
He is an English major.
2. total adj. 全部的，总计的；完全的，全然的
n. 总数；总额；全部
v. 总数达；共计
total silence完全沉默
a total failure彻底的失败者
What the total population of China
Our expenses reached a total of 20.
The visitors to the exhibition totaled 15,000.
3. equal adj. 相等的；平等的；胜任的
n. 同等（对待）的人；对手；匹敌者
v. 等于
Tom is equal to John in height.
Is he your equal in strength
He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.
Two and two equals four.
4. exchange vt. 交换；调换
n. 交换， 交易；交换物
exchange sth. for sth. 用... … 去换… …
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物。
Can you help me to exchange dollars for francs
Tom and Alice exchanged glances.
They exchanged addresses before they parted.
Exchange is no robbery.
5. trade n. 贸易，交易，商业； 行业，职业
v. 做生意，做买卖；进行交易，从事贸易；交换
foreign trade对外贸易
free (protective )trade自由（保护）贸易
trade in通过交换方式购入
trade in salt做盐生意
trade sth. for sth. 以某物换取他物
trade sth. with sb. 同某人交换某物
trade with从事贸易，开展贸易
China does lots of trade with America.
The country trades with a lot of European countries.
6. stay up不睡觉，熬夜；不倒塌，不下沉
Tell him to stay up until I get home.
7. end up最后有某种结局，最后成了，结束
He ended up as head of the firm.
8. Compare vt. 比较
Compare … with… 将… … 与… … 相比较
Compare … to/with… “与… … 比较起来，较之 … …，”一般用作状语。
Compare … to … “将… … 比喻成 … …”
Life is often compared to a journey.
Compared with your house, mine is too small.
9. use v. 使用，利用，用
n. 用；使用；利用
use up用完， 用尽，筋疲力尽
make use of
put … to use利用
Use your brain a little more.
What’s the use of regretting the past
e about “发生，产生，造成”，常用于疑问句或否定句。
How does it come about that he is so badly off when he earns quite a good salary
11. bring in收（庄稼等）；提出；引进；引入；增加；获利；赚钱
Bring in dinner for this gentleman.
12. knowledge n. 知识；认识；消息
a man of knowledge博学之士，有学问的人
a thirst for knowledge求知欲
to one’s knowledge据某人所知
He has never been late to my knowledge.
IV. Homework: Translate the text into Chinese.
Unit 3 Going Places
I. Goals: Talk about traveling
Talk about means of transportation
Express good wishes
II. Key points: Review verb tenses
Use the Present Continuous Tense for future action
1. III. Difficult points:
2. experience v. 经历；体验；感受
n. 经验；体验；经历
He experienced great hardship for the first time in his life.
Experience is the best teacher.
have a pleasant experience
experienced adj. 有经验的， 老练的，熟练的
have an experienced eye有眼光，看得准
He is very experienced in money matters.
3. consider v. 考虑，认为
I’m considering changing my job.
He is considered to have broken the window.
I don’t consider that it will turn out fine this afternoon.
considering鉴于，考虑到，顾及。
4. separate adj. 各自的；分开的；独立的；不同的
separately adv. 独立地；独自的
vt. 使分开；区分；拆散；分离
vi. 分开；脱离；分手
separate … from… “把… … 与… …分开”
You should keep your private life separate from your work.
This house is divided into parts.
We didn’t separate until midnight.
5. means n. 手段，方法，工具
by means of用，依靠
She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.
By all means I must visit my sick friend.
6. equipment n. 装备，设备；器材
equip vt. 装备，配备，准备行装
Our office is equipped with two powerful computers.
7. fun n. 玩笑；娱乐，乐趣；有趣（的人或事）
for fun闹着玩儿地
make fun of … 取笑 … … ；拿… … 开玩笑
I did it just for fun.
He is full of fun.
It is great fun to jump into a pool or go swimming in a river in summer.
8. benefit v. 有益于，有助于
n. 利益，好处
of(some/much/no/little) benefit to对… … 有（有些/很多/没有）益处
The company benefited from selling a new product.
The changes are to our benefit.
Plenty of exercise every day is of great benefit to our health.
Your advice is of great benefit to me.
9. exercise n. 锻炼； 练习； 体操
We have so many exercises to do every day.
10. make a difference有影响，起作用。
It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.
11. need n. 必要，需要，要求
vt. 需要，必须
aux. v. 需要，常用于否定句中。
fill/meet/satisfy one’s needs满足某人的需要
in need of … 需要… …
There is no need for you to wait.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
You needn’t have told him that.
12. normal adj. 标准的，正常的；通常的
n. 普通，标准，正常
at a normal speed以正常速度
normal working hours正常的工作时间
Her weight is normal for her age.
above normal标准以上的
below normal标准以下的
return to normal回归常态
bring … back to normal使… … 恢复正常
13. handle n. 把手
vt. 触摸… ，弄； 用手处理… …；对待，应付，处理
vi. 能操纵，能够运转
Wash your hands before you handle the food.
Your car handles easily.
14. see off送行
I’ll go to the airport to see my wife off.
IV. Homework: New words
Unit 4 Unforgettable Experiences
I. Goals: Talk about past experiences
Describe people, things, events and people’s feelings
II. Key points: Review the Attributive Clause and learn to use the relative pronouns who, whom, whose, which and that.
Organize ideas in a text using First, Next, Then, Finally.
III. Difficult points:
1. fire n. 火；火灾；火灾的实例
make a fire生火；生炉子
start/light a fire点火
cause a fire导致火灾
set fire to sth. / set sth. on fire放火烧…
catch fire着火
be on fire着火
Sometimes careless smokers cause a fire.
Since it’s too cold, let’s make a fire.
2. advance n. 前进，进展，进行
v. 前进，进步；晋级；进展
advanced adj. 先进的；高等的；高龄的
in advance预先，事先
China has made great advances in industry.
Scientific knowledge has greatly advanced since the 16th century.
3. sweep v. 清扫，扫除；冲走，吹走，卷走
n. 打扫，清扫；延伸，伸展
make a clean sweep of… 把… … 一扫而光
sweep down冲倒
I have to sweep the small pieces of broken glass off the steps.
My husband gave the room a very good sweep.
4. swallow v. 呑，咽
n. 呑咽：一口，一饮
swallow up呑噬，卷进… …，呑没… …
take a swallow of beer.
5. pull up拉起，拖起；停，使… …停止；拔出
She didn’t pull her car up at a red light.
6. struggle v. 揔搏斗；奋斗，努力
n. 挣扎，奋斗，努力
struggle with/against … 向（同）… … 作斗争
struggle for … /struggle to do sth.为… …而奋斗，努力做… …
He struggled against the thief for a while.
Don’t give up without a struggle.
7. fear n. 惧怕；恐惧
n. [U]担心；不安；挂念 常与介of, for搭配。
n. [U](尤指对神的)敬畏。
vt. 惧怕；害怕；担心；恐怕
vi. 害怕；担心
She was shaking with fear.
There is not fear of his losing the game.
the ear of God
for fear of因为怕… …；因恐… …； 以免
for fear that惟恐；免得；以防
I took my umbrella for fear (that) it should (might)rain.
She feared staying alone in the woods.
I fear for her health.
8. touch n. [C][U]触摸；接触；联系
vt. （用手等）摸；碰；使（物）相接触
vt. 使感动；引起同情
the sense of touch触觉
lose touch with/be out of touch with与… …失去联系
get in touch with/be in touch with与… … 取得联系
keep/stay in touch with与… …保持联系
be touched with/by… 被… … 所感动
the silk was a cool touch.
Don’t touch the button.
Her words touched by/me to the quick.
I was deeply touched by/with his thoughtfulness.
9. fright n. (突然的) 恐怖， 惊吓
frighten vt. 使惊惧，惊吓，使大吃一惊，使害怕
in fright惊恐地
get/have a fright大吃一惊，感到恐怖
shade with fright吓得发抖
a look of fright害怕的表情。
The dog barked and gave him a fright.
He was frightened at the thought of the coming exam.
The boy was frightened that he would get lost.
10. seize v. 抓住；理解，领悟；夺取；抓住（时机等）；利用
I can’t quite seize your meaning.
He seized the chance of a trip abroad.
11. strike v. 打；撞击；侵袭，打动，使突然想起；敲响，划燃
be struck by被 … … 所打动，被 … …迷住
She struck her brother and gave him a bloody nose.
He struck a match and lit the candle.
We were struck by the beauty of the West Lake.
IV. Homework: New words
Unit 5 The Silver Screen
I. Goals: Talk about films, famous actors and directors
Practice making comments and giving opinions
Learn to write about a film
II. Key points: Use the Attributive Clause with prepositions, such as in which or relative adverbs, where, when and why.
III. Difficult points:
Choice n. [C]&[U] 选择；抉择
Choose vt. 选择；挑选；选定；决定
vi. 选择；喜欢
have no choice but to do除做… … 外别无他法；非做… …不可
can not choose but do sth. 只得做某事
there are ten to choose from.
He made a careful choice.
Will you help me choose a cap
You can go if you choose.
2.win over争取过来，拉过来，战胜
She didn’t like me at first, but I was soon able to win her over by being considerate.
3. determine vi. 决定；决心
vt. 决定；断定；测定
determined adj. 决意的；已决定的。
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
He determined that he would leave.
They are determined to help the old couple.
4. take off脱掉，除去；起飞，跃起，飞起；在（某期间）休息；从（价格）减去，减价
take your coat off.
The plane took off very smoothly
I’d like to take next Friday off.
They are taking 50% off all goods in that shop.
5. attack v. 攻击，袭击，攻打
n. 攻击，袭击
under attack遭到攻击
make an attack on the enemy攻击敌人
have an attack of headache头疼病发作。
6. do research进行调查
research n. [U]&[C] 调查，研究
busy with research work忙于研究工作
Research workers are examining the problem.
7. go wrong走错路，弄错方向；失败，不顺利；发生故障
They went wrong when they reached the crossroads.
Everything planned went wrong.
The clock went wrong.
8. comment n. [U]&[C] 评论；批评； [U]谈论；议论；闲话
vi. 评论；发表议论或意见
评说；评论（常与介词on或upon连用）
He made some comments on the recent developments.
Both of them declined to comment.
He commented that the project was a failure
9. in the end “最后，终于”，表示经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况后某事才发生。
We looked everywhere and in the end we found the key.
We at last they found her, she was almost dead.
10. owe … to … 受到恩惠，归功于… ….
owe n. 欠，负债
owing to由于，因为
We owe a great deal to our parents and teachers.
I owe my uncle $100.
Owing to the drought, crops are short.
11. live adj. 实况转播的；活的；生动的；精力充沛的
It wasn’t a recorded show it was live;
The concert will be broadcast live.
She is a live woman.
12. on the air正在播出的；播送
of the air停止广播
His show is on the air at six o’clock.
Is that radio show still in the air
13. speed n. 速度
at a /the speed of 60 km per hour
at a slow but steady speed with great speed
v. 加快，飞跑
14. think highly of对… … 高度评价，赞赏，对… … 印象好
The people think highly of the president.
The singer was highly thought of by the audience.
IV. Homework: New words
Unit 6 Good Manners
I. Goals: Talk about good table manners
Learn to apologize to people
Express your gratitude
II. Key points: Understand the Restrictive Attributive Clause and the Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause:
1. III. Difficult points:
2. impression n. 印象
get an impression得到某印象
have /make a good impression on sb. 给某人留下好印象
be under the impression that… 觉得… …， 心为… …
What he said gave her a bad impression.
3. interrupt v. 打断（谈话等）
vt. 使（某活动）中断
It’s impolite to interrupt a speaker.
He interrupted his work to answer the bell.
4. apologize v. 道歉
apology n. [C] 道歉
make an apology致歉
I have come to apologize to you.
I wished to meet you to apologize for my rudeness on Saturday last week.
If you see him please give my apologies for not having written to him.
5. course n. 过程；进行方向；课程
in the course of在… … 当中
a course of study学习课程
a summer course暑期课程
take a course in law上法律课
during the course of the day, we visited a lot of places.
In the course of the discussion, many opinions were heard.
6. introduce v. 介绍；传入；引起； 提出
Let me introduce myself. I’m Prof. Johnson.
introduce into引入
7. mean v. 意味着；意欲，打算；以… …是重要的
mean to do sth. 打算（意欲）做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
mean sb. to do… 打算使（让） … …做…
means n. 手段，方法；工具；财富
by all means无论如何，务必
by means of以… …， 借着，借助于… …
by this means通过这种方法
What does the word mean
I meant to tell you, but I was so busy.
a means of communication
Thoughts can also be expressed by means of music .
8. start with … 以… … 开始，开始时（有）
to start with首先；在开始时
let me start with some simple questions.
His illness started with a slight cough.
It won’t work; to start with, it’s a bad idea, and secondly it’ll cost too much.
9. fashion n. 流行，时髦；时尚
a fashion show时装表演
set a /the fashion开风气之先；领导潮流
follow the fashion赶时髦
come into fashion流行起来
go out of fashion渐渐过时
be in fashion正流行
be out of fashion不再流行
Wide trousers are the latest fashion.
10. drink to为… … 干杯，为… …祝酒
We all drank to Tom’s success in the experiment.
11. leave out省去； 遗漏；忽视；不考虑
We haven’t decided what to leave out and what to leave in.
12. extra adj. 额外的； 外加的；特别的；另外的
adv. 特别地
I don’t suppose they wanted any extra help.
I have to be at the office extra early tomorrow.
IV. Homework: Write a thank-you letter
Unit 7 Cultural Relics
I. Goals: Talk about cultural relics
Talk about ways to protect cultural relics
Give advice and make suggestions
II. Key points: Use the Present Perfect Voice
III. Difficult points:
1. burn vt. 点着；烧毁；烧伤；烫伤；激起愤怒；晒
vi. 燃烧，点着；发热，发光；烧毁，烫伤；晒黑
Wood burns easily.
The sunlight has burnt away the haze.
The great fire burnt the school building to the ground.
2. end n. 终点；结束；目的
v. 完毕，结束；终止
at the end of在… … 末端
by the end of到… … 末（为止）
come to an end停止；结束
end up最后成为，终归… …
end up with以 … …告终
Go to the end of the road and turn left.
The story ended up with the hero’s death.
3. give in屈服于； 投降于；提出；呈交
His mother gave in and bought a toy for her child.
give up放弃
The doctors gave her father up two years ago , but he is still alive.
4. in ruins成为废墟的，荒芜的
ruin n. 毁灭，毁坏，崩溃的状态
v. 使毁灭，使败坏
bring … to ruin使… …毁灭，使… …没落
The storm ruined the crops.
You will ruin your future if you continue to be so foolish.
5. damage vt. 损坏；毁坏；损害
n. 损害；损伤；伤害
Their failures in this area have damaged their self-confidence and credibility.
The earthquake caused a lot of damage.
6. limit n. 界限；限度
vt. 限制；限定
go to the limit 达到极限
off limits禁止进入
We must limit our spending.
7. including包含，包括
included adj. 包含的，包括在内的
The group included two engineers and twenty workers.
8. missing adj. 失踪的，找不到的，行踪不明的
The plane is still missing.
The missing失踪者，行踪不明者，当复数名词用
9. put back放回原处；推迟；拨慢
The date was put back from March to April.
10. look out over/on /to俯瞰… …， 朝向 … …， 外面是 … …
look out for当心，注意
His house was on the side of a hill. It looked out over the city and was surrounded by gum trees.
Look out! You could fall off the edge here.
There were signs everywhere warning people to look out for falling rocks.
11. pull down拉倒，摧毁；推翻
The rebels pulled down the present government with military force.
IV. Homework: Write a letter to the editor
Unit 8 Sports
I. Goals: Talk about sports
Talk about the Olympic Games
Talk about interests and hobbies
Talk about what will be done
II. Key points: Use the Future Perfect Voice
III. Difficult points:
1. every four years每四年
We have English lessons every other day; that is on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
2. effect n. 结果；效果
have(little/no/great)effect on/upon… 对… … 没影响/有很大影响
take effect实施
come into effect生效
bring sth. into effect实施（计划、法律等）
give effect to使生效；实现
in effect事实上
Punishment had very little effect on them.
The new system of taxation will take effect next May.
3. compete v. 竟争，比得上；比赛
compete in (a game, a match) 参加
compete with/against sb. 和某人竞争
compete for （a prize, a medal, the first place）角逐
competition n. 竞争；比赛，竞赛
competitor n. 竞争者，竞争对手
He is going to compete against/with his old friend in the second round.
4. host v. 做东；主办； 招待
n. 主人； 主办单位
The Smiths hosted the visitors
He acted as host to his father’s friends.
5. allow vt. 许可；容许；承认
My patents won’t allow me to stay out late.
His parents allow him to watch TV every evening.
6. stand for代表； 代替；象征；支持
We want to know what he stands for.
The owls stand for wisdom.
7. further adj. 更深入的，更进一步的；另；更远的，较远的
Adv. 更深一层地，更进一步地；更远地，更前面地
His house is on the further side of the street.
The policeman questioned him further.
8. rank n. 阶层，阶级，等级；地位；显贵，高身份；行，列
v. 位居； 被分类… …； 评价 … …
people of all ranks社会各阶层的人
a soldier of high rank高军阶的人
a gentleman of rank有地位的绅士。
Taxis stood in a rank in front of the station.
He ranks below/above Shelley as a poet.
9. prepare v. 准备 … … ，预备 … …； 使（某人）作心理准备
vt. 准备做… … ，配制
We must prepare for the party.
Mother is preparing Father to enter the hospital.
I’ll prepare a meal tonight.
10. welcome v. 欢迎，迎接
adj. 受欢迎的，令人快乐的
n. 欢迎，款待；欢迎辞
Welcome to Beijing.
He welcomed his friend to his house.
He is welcome to my share .
We received a warm welcome.
IV. Homework: Write a sports star’s profile
Unit 9 Technology
I. Goals: Talk about science and technology
Describe things and how they work
Express agreement and disagreement
II. Key points: Use the present Continuous Passive Voice
III. Difficult points:
1. dare v. 敢；胆敢
vt. 敢；胆敢
He daren’t tell her.
He didn’t dare to tell her.
I don’t know how she dares to say that.
2. add v. 加；增加；加起来；又说，补充
add to增加
add… to … 加，往 … … 添加 … …
add up总共有，总计达
If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water.
His illness added to the family’s trouble.
Will you add more sugar to your coffee
If you add5 to 5, you get 10.
His whole school education added up to no more than one year.
3. on the go: working all the time忙碌，（整天）奔忙，爱动
Clare is never happy here. She has to be on the go all the time.
4. remind v. 使某人想起，使记起，提醒
remind sb. of … 使某人想起… …
remind sb that … 使某人想起，提醒，警告
remind sb. to do … 使某人想做… …， 提醒某人做… …
He reminded me of my promise.
She reminded me that I hadn’t watered the flowers
5. break down分解；（计划等）失败； （身体）垮掉；毁掉；（机械等）出故障
It’s not easy to break down plastics and other similar rubbish.
The bridge broke down.
6. communicate v. 传达，传送；取得联系；联络
communication n. ，沟通，交流；联络
cut off communication切断联络（通讯）
have no communication with与… … 无联系
in communication with与… …联络
The plane has been out of communication for an hour.
7. succeed vi. 成功； （计划等）顺利完成
v. 继位；继任；继承
success n. 成功； 顺利；成功的人或物
When the king died, his oldest sun succeeded.
He was a great success as a novelist.
8. disturb v. 妨碍，打扰；扰乱；使（人）心神不宁
The noise in the street disturbed my study.
9. take over把… … 从一地带到另一地；拉管，拉心，取而代之
The new department head took over yesterday.
What is good and still useful should be taken over.
10. in case of … 在… … 情形时，万一 … …； 如果
In case of fire, call 119.
Take your umbrella, in case it rains.
In no case should you give up.
11. call for需要； 大声呼救；叫上某人一起去
Somebody was calling for help.
12. depend vi. 依靠； 依赖
depend on /upon依靠； 依赖
depend on/upon sb. 信任某人；依赖某人
depend on /upon it that … 相信… …
depend on/upon whether/how… 视… …而定
These factories depend on their parents for food and clothes
You may depend on her arriving on time.
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
IV. Homework: Present a project
Unit 10 The World around us
I. Goals: Talk about ways to protect the environment
Talk about wildlife endangerment
II. Key points: Review Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
III. Difficult points:
lead v. 引导；带领；通往；诱导；诱使
vt. 过（某种生活）； 使（某人）过（某种生活）
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事； 诱导某人做某事
lead to通向；导致；招致
The street leads you to the station.
Her advice led him to do it again.
His carelessness led to this accident.
He led his family a dog’s life.
2. Devote v. 献身；致力于
He has devoted his life to helping blind people.
The boys devoted themselves to reading.
2. die out
die of /from/by因… … 而死
die+名（形容）词 死于… … 状态
die young/happy英年早逝（含笑九泉）
be dying for (口语) 渴望… …， 很想… …
die away (声音、光线、风等) 渐弱，渐息
die off (家庭、各族等) 相继死亡
die down为国牺牲，殉国
That custom died out years ago.
She died of cancer/old age.
He was dying for a drink.
4. cause n. 事业；原因
v. 导致… … ， 引起
fight for the cause of freedom为争取自由而战斗
Drunken driving is often the cause of accidents.
He caused his parents a lot of trouble.
5. measure n. 尺寸；措施
vt. 测量；测度
measure against … （以他物）量
An hour is a measure of time.
It is very easy to measure the speed of a car.
She took my measure before making a pair of trousers for me.
6. adapt v. 使 … … 适应，使… … 适合
adapted adj. 适合 … … 的；改编成… … 的。
I adapted the garage for use as a workshop.
He is quick to adapt (himself) to new circumstances.
The play is adapted from a novel.
7. respond v. 回答；回应；有反应
response n. [C] 应答，回答；[U]感应，反应
in response to为回答 … … 响应 … …
respond to a question回答问题
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
She waved her hand in response.
He opened the door in response to a knock.
8. expert n. 熟练者，高手，专家
Adj. (对… … ) 熟练的，老练的；擅长的
a fashion expert时装专家
an expert at/in cooking烹饪高手
an expert at driving a car教练的驾驶员
an expert on the problem通晓那个问题的人
according to expert opinions根据专家的意见
She is expert at / in looking after children.
9. create v. 创造，创作
creative adj. 创造的，有创造力的；独创的
creation n. 创造，创作，创设
the creation of a new system新体制的创设
the creation of imagination幻想的产物
the latest creation from Pares巴黎最新流行的款式
Shakespeare created many famous characters.
11. either … or … “或者 … …或者… …， 不是… … 就是… …”
Either you or he is right
Please either come in or go out; don’t stand there in the doorway.
IV. Homework: Make a poster
Unit 11 The Sound of the World
I. Goals: Talk about different kinds of music
Practice giving advice and making suggestions
II. Key points: Review the Passive Voice
III. Difficult points:
1. suggest vt. 提出；建议；暗示；委婉地说；透露
suggest sth. (to sb ) (向某人)建议或提议 … …
suggest doing sth. 建议去做某事
She suggested a visit to the museum this afternoon.
He suggested going for a walk.
The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family members.
2. satisfy v. 满足；使满意
satisfying adj. 令人满意的；使人满足的
satisfied adj. 满意的；感到满足的
be satisfied with 对… … 感到满意
satisfy the eyes /conditions/requirements悦目/满足条件/满足要求
satisfy one’s needs/curiosity/vanity满足某人需求/好奇心/虚荣心
a satisfied smile 满意的微笑
I didn’t like the story; it didn’t satisfy me. But perhaps I’m hard to satisfy.
That answer won’t satisfy her.
He was satisfied with his progress.
3. brief adj. 短时间的，短暂的；简洁的；简略的
make a brief visit作短暂拜访
a brief report简短的报告
to be brief简单说，扼要地说
in brief简单地说，简言之
briefly adv. 简洁地；简而言之
To be brief, she was happy with that result.
Please tell me briefly what happened.
4. style n. 作风，方式，风格；款式；种类，式样；风度，品格
v. 制成，设计；称（某人）为… …
in style流行地；优雅地；豪华地
live in the western style过西式生活
Do you have a chair in this style
This dress is styled for a formal party.
5. along with相当于together with , 意为“同 … … 一道，同 … … 一起”。
Along with my fellow workers, I worked might and day during that strike.
6. used to从前做 … … ，以前是 … … （与现在对比，表过去的事实情况）
be used to +名词或动名词，意为“习惯于 … …”
get /become used to习惯于 … …
This river used to be clean.
I don’t smoke these days, but I used to .
7. forget(all) about (完全)忘掉，不记得
Helping his son with his physics homework reminded him of things he’d long forgotten about.
I forgot all about sending the invitation to Mr. Brown.
8. have much in common有很多共同之处
common adj. 普通的，平凡的；共有的；公共的，公众的；
n. 共用的、公有的东西
a common event常有的事情
a common mistake常见错误
Though they are brothers, they have nothing in common with one another.
The flower is common in spring.
9. desire v. 愿望；渴望；期求
n. [C]&[U] 意欲；想要；切望
It leaves much to be desired.
have a strong desire to do sth.急切地想做某事
He has a strong desire to succeed.
10. contain vt. 包含；含有；包括
The box contains the child’s toys.
The hall can contain 3000 people.
11. spread v. 使伸展，伸展；使延伸，延伸；传播；使 … … 流传
n. 扩张；范围；宽度
the wide spread of green forest 绿色森林的绵延
I spread a new cloth on the table.
The fire spread quickly through the forest.
IV. Homework: Translations
Unit 12 Art and Literature
I. Goals: Talk about art and literature
Review making decisions and giving opinions
II. Key points: Review the Attributive Clause
III. Difficult points:
1. series n. 一套（丛书、邮票等）， 连续剧（片）
a series of一连串，连续
a series of articles about pollution一系列有关污染的文章
I firmly believe that such a series will be a great success.
There has been a series of car accidents at the crossing.
2. goal n. 目标，目的；球门；（球赛等的）得分；守门员
His goal is a place at Harvard University.
He kicked the ball towards the other team’s goal.
Our team won the match by one goal.
3. compare v. 比较，和 … … 相比
compare … to … 把… … 比作 … …
compared with/to … 与… …比较起来，较之 … …
If you compare both of our cars, you’ll find they’re very much alike.
He rudely compared my home-made bread to a lump of rock.
London is larger, compared to /with Paris.
4. whisper v. 耳语，密谈，低声说
n. 耳语，私语
in a whisper/in whispers小声地
I whispered to Tom what was in my mind.
It is whispered that he is heavily in debt.
5. if only但愿 … …，要是… … 就好了，此短语后接句子时，句中的谓语动词要用过去时态表虚拟语气
If only he had seen me.
If only it would stop raining.
6. do about对… … 想某种办法或采取某种行动；处理，对付，相当于do what短语
I must do something about those broken window panes.
What shall we do about lunch: go to a restaurant, or have it at home
I don’t know what to do about the naughty boy.
7. together with和… … 一道，连同… … 一起
I’m sending you some new shoes, together with a hat and a coat.
He sent her some roses, together with a nice letter.
8. power n. 能力； 权利
the power of hearing听力
beyond (out of ) one’s power （某人）力的不能及的
within one’s power (某人)力所能及的
come into power/take power掌权，执政
in power当权的，执政
It is beyond my power to understand how the computer works.
10. believe in相信；信仰；信赖；认为有益
Do you believe in God
You can believe in him; he’ll never let you down.
He believes in plenty of fresh air and exercise.
11. in trouble处于困境（困难）中；有了问题（麻烦）
She is in great trouble, so she needs your advice.
IV. Homework: Translations
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I. Goals: Talk about friends
Practice talking about likes and dislikes
Learn to make apologies
Write an e-mail
II. Key points : Use Direct Speech: He says,“…”
Use Indirect Speech: He said that…
She asks if /what/who/where/how…
III. Difficult points:
1. loyal adj. 忠诚的，忠心的
a loyal friend 忠实的朋友
He is a loyal soldier. 他是个忠诚的战士。
be loyal to 忠诚于 … …
be loyal to a vow 信守誓约
We should be loyal to our country. 我们要忠于祖国。
He was utterly loyal to his wife. 他对妻子很忠心。
loyalty n. [U] 忠诚
This showed their love and loyalty to Lenin and the Party he had built.
The loyalty of dogs to their owners is well-known.
2. argue v. 争论， 辩论
The two lawyers argued their case in court.
His mother and father argue with each other all the time.
argue with sb. about/ over sth. 同某人争论某事。
He is always ready to argue about politics with George.
argue against据理反对； 证明 … … 是不能成立的。
He argued against any increase in expenditure.
他反对增加开支。
All this argued against the theory that the disease was spread by water.
argument n. 论点， 争论，辩论
There are at least two sides to every argument.
3. fond adj. 喜爱的 多情的，喜欢的
He has fond memories of his childhood.
be fond of 喜欢… …； 喜欢做 … …
She is fond of children.
4. hunt v. 打猎， 猎取， 搜寻
Every autumn, many people hunt deer in this area.
n. 搜寻，寻找
The police started a hunt for the murderer.
5. board n. 木板， 甲板
Workers nail boards together to build a house.
on board到船上， 上火车或飞机
There are 150 passengers on board this jet.
6. desert n. [C] 沙漠；荒野；不毛之地
Vt. 遗弃； 抛弃，离弃
He deserted his wife and children during the war.
deserted: 无人的； 被抛弃的； 被遗弃的
7. survive vt. 幸免于，从… … 逃生
vi. 活下来， 幸存， 残存
He survived in the desert for a week on biscuits and water.
8. crash n. 坠毁； 碰撞； 碰坏； 哗啦啦地倒塌
v. 撞击；坠毁
He was killed in an aircraft crash.
The aircraft crashed.
9. share v. 分享； 共同负担；共有；共用
n. 负担量；一份，份额
share (in) sth. 分享某事（物）
share sth. with sb. 与… … 共用… …
We share the same room.
I will share the cost with you.
10. sorrow n. 悲哀； 悲伤
to one’s great sorrow使人极为悲哀的是
look at sb. in sorrow悲伤地注视着某人。
The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news.
11. treat n. 对待； 治疗；款待
treat … as… “把… … 当作… … 对待”
treatment n. 对待； 待遇； 治疗
be under treatment在治疗中
He treats his wife badly.他对待妻子不好。
She treated each of the children to an ice-cream.
IV. Homework: Translate the text into Chinese.
Unit 2 English around the World
I. Goals: Learn about differences between American and British English
Learn about communication skills
II. Key points: Use reported requests: He asked me to …
Use reported commands: She told me to….
III. Difficult points:
1. majority n. 大多数，大部分
The majority of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games.
major adj. 主要的，重要的；一流的
n. 主修科目； 主修… … 的学生
major industries 重要产业
a major problem 重大问题
a major subject 主修科目
He is an English major.
2. total adj. 全部的，总计的；完全的，全然的
n. 总数；总额；全部
v. 总数达；共计
total silence完全沉默
a total failure彻底的失败者
What the total population of China
Our expenses reached a total of 20.
The visitors to the exhibition totaled 15,000.
3. equal adj. 相等的；平等的；胜任的
n. 同等（对待）的人；对手；匹敌者
v. 等于
Tom is equal to John in height.
Is he your equal in strength
He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.
Two and two equals four.
4. exchange vt. 交换；调换
n. 交换， 交易；交换物
exchange sth. for sth. 用... … 去换… …
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物。
Can you help me to exchange dollars for francs
Tom and Alice exchanged glances.
They exchanged addresses before they parted.
Exchange is no robbery.
5. trade n. 贸易，交易，商业； 行业，职业
v. 做生意，做买卖；进行交易，从事贸易；交换
foreign trade对外贸易
free (protective )trade自由（保护）贸易
trade in通过交换方式购入
trade in salt做盐生意
trade sth. for sth. 以某物换取他物
trade sth. with sb. 同某人交换某物
trade with从事贸易，开展贸易
China does lots of trade with America.
The country trades with a lot of European countries.
6. stay up不睡觉，熬夜；不倒塌，不下沉
Tell him to stay up until I get home.
7. end up最后有某种结局，最后成了，结束
He ended up as head of the firm.
8. Compare vt. 比较
Compare … with… 将… … 与… … 相比较
Compare … to/with… “与… … 比较起来，较之 … …，”一般用作状语。
Compare … to … “将… … 比喻成 … …”
Life is often compared to a journey.
Compared with your house, mine is too small.
9. use v. 使用，利用，用
n. 用；使用；利用
use up用完， 用尽，筋疲力尽
make use of
put … to use利用
Use your brain a little more.
What’s the use of regretting the past
e about “发生，产生，造成”，常用于疑问句或否定句。
How does it come about that he is so badly off when he earns quite a good salary
11. bring in收（庄稼等）；提出；引进；引入；增加；获利；赚钱
Bring in dinner for this gentleman.
12. knowledge n. 知识；认识；消息
a man of knowledge博学之士，有学问的人
a thirst for knowledge求知欲
to one’s knowledge据某人所知
He has never been late to my knowledge.
IV. Homework: Translate the text into Chinese.
Unit 3 Going Places
I. Goals: Talk about traveling
Talk about means of transportation
Express good wishes
II. Key points: Review verb tenses
Use the Present Continuous Tense for future action
1. III. Difficult points:
2. experience v. 经历；体验；感受
n. 经验；体验；经历
He experienced great hardship for the first time in his life.
Experience is the best teacher.
have a pleasant experience
experienced adj. 有经验的， 老练的，熟练的
have an experienced eye有眼光，看得准
He is very experienced in money matters.
3. consider v. 考虑，认为
I’m considering changing my job.
He is considered to have broken the window.
I don’t consider that it will turn out fine this afternoon.
considering鉴于，考虑到，顾及。
4. separate adj. 各自的；分开的；独立的；不同的
separately adv. 独立地；独自的
vt. 使分开；区分；拆散；分离
vi. 分开；脱离；分手
separate … from… “把… … 与… …分开”
You should keep your private life separate from your work.
This house is divided into parts.
We didn’t separate until midnight.
5. means n. 手段，方法，工具
by means of用，依靠
She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.
By all means I must visit my sick friend.
6. equipment n. 装备，设备；器材
equip vt. 装备，配备，准备行装
Our office is equipped with two powerful computers.
7. fun n. 玩笑；娱乐，乐趣；有趣（的人或事）
for fun闹着玩儿地
make fun of … 取笑 … … ；拿… … 开玩笑
I did it just for fun.
He is full of fun.
It is great fun to jump into a pool or go swimming in a river in summer.
8. benefit v. 有益于，有助于
n. 利益，好处
of(some/much/no/little) benefit to对… … 有（有些/很多/没有）益处
The company benefited from selling a new product.
The changes are to our benefit.
Plenty of exercise every day is of great benefit to our health.
Your advice is of great benefit to me.
9. exercise n. 锻炼； 练习； 体操
We have so many exercises to do every day.
10. make a difference有影响，起作用。
It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.
11. need n. 必要，需要，要求
vt. 需要，必须
aux. v. 需要，常用于否定句中。
fill/meet/satisfy one’s needs满足某人的需要
in need of … 需要… …
There is no need for you to wait.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
You needn’t have told him that.
12. normal adj. 标准的，正常的；通常的
n. 普通，标准，正常
at a normal speed以正常速度
normal working hours正常的工作时间
Her weight is normal for her age.
above normal标准以上的
below normal标准以下的
return to normal回归常态
bring … back to normal使… … 恢复正常
13. handle n. 把手
vt. 触摸… ，弄； 用手处理… …；对待，应付，处理
vi. 能操纵，能够运转
Wash your hands before you handle the food.
Your car handles easily.
14. see off送行
I’ll go to the airport to see my wife off.
IV. Homework: New words
Unit 4 Unforgettable Experiences
I. Goals: Talk about past experiences
Describe people, things, events and people’s feelings
II. Key points: Review the Attributive Clause and learn to use the relative pronouns who, whom, whose, which and that.
Organize ideas in a text using First, Next, Then, Finally.
III. Difficult points:
1. fire n. 火；火灾；火灾的实例
make a fire生火；生炉子
start/light a fire点火
cause a fire导致火灾
set fire to sth. / set sth. on fire放火烧…
catch fire着火
be on fire着火
Sometimes careless smokers cause a fire.
Since it’s too cold, let’s make a fire.
2. advance n. 前进，进展，进行
v. 前进，进步；晋级；进展
advanced adj. 先进的；高等的；高龄的
in advance预先，事先
China has made great advances in industry.
Scientific knowledge has greatly advanced since the 16th century.
3. sweep v. 清扫，扫除；冲走，吹走，卷走
n. 打扫，清扫；延伸，伸展
make a clean sweep of… 把… … 一扫而光
sweep down冲倒
I have to sweep the small pieces of broken glass off the steps.
My husband gave the room a very good sweep.
4. swallow v. 呑，咽
n. 呑咽：一口，一饮
swallow up呑噬，卷进… …，呑没… …
take a swallow of beer.
5. pull up拉起，拖起；停，使… …停止；拔出
She didn’t pull her car up at a red light.
6. struggle v. 揔搏斗；奋斗，努力
n. 挣扎，奋斗，努力
struggle with/against … 向（同）… … 作斗争
struggle for … /struggle to do sth.为… …而奋斗，努力做… …
He struggled against the thief for a while.
Don’t give up without a struggle.
7. fear n. 惧怕；恐惧
n. [U]担心；不安；挂念 常与介of, for搭配。
n. [U](尤指对神的)敬畏。
vt. 惧怕；害怕；担心；恐怕
vi. 害怕；担心
She was shaking with fear.
There is not fear of his losing the game.
the ear of God
for fear of因为怕… …；因恐… …； 以免
for fear that惟恐；免得；以防
I took my umbrella for fear (that) it should (might)rain.
She feared staying alone in the woods.
I fear for her health.
8. touch n. [C][U]触摸；接触；联系
vt. （用手等）摸；碰；使（物）相接触
vt. 使感动；引起同情
the sense of touch触觉
lose touch with/be out of touch with与… …失去联系
get in touch with/be in touch with与… … 取得联系
keep/stay in touch with与… …保持联系
be touched with/by… 被… … 所感动
the silk was a cool touch.
Don’t touch the button.
Her words touched by/me to the quick.
I was deeply touched by/with his thoughtfulness.
9. fright n. (突然的) 恐怖， 惊吓
frighten vt. 使惊惧，惊吓，使大吃一惊，使害怕
in fright惊恐地
get/have a fright大吃一惊，感到恐怖
shade with fright吓得发抖
a look of fright害怕的表情。
The dog barked and gave him a fright.
He was frightened at the thought of the coming exam.
The boy was frightened that he would get lost.
10. seize v. 抓住；理解，领悟；夺取；抓住（时机等）；利用
I can’t quite seize your meaning.
He seized the chance of a trip abroad.
11. strike v. 打；撞击；侵袭，打动，使突然想起；敲响，划燃
be struck by被 … … 所打动，被 … …迷住
She struck her brother and gave him a bloody nose.
He struck a match and lit the candle.
We were struck by the beauty of the West Lake.
IV. Homework: New words
Unit 5 The Silver Screen
I. Goals: Talk about films, famous actors and directors
Practice making comments and giving opinions
Learn to write about a film
II. Key points: Use the Attributive Clause with prepositions, such as in which or relative adverbs, where, when and why.
III. Difficult points:
Choice n. [C]&[U] 选择；抉择
Choose vt. 选择；挑选；选定；决定
vi. 选择；喜欢
have no choice but to do除做… … 外别无他法；非做… …不可
can not choose but do sth. 只得做某事
there are ten to choose from.
He made a careful choice.
Will you help me choose a cap
You can go if you choose.
2.win over争取过来，拉过来，战胜
She didn’t like me at first, but I was soon able to win her over by being considerate.
3. determine vi. 决定；决心
vt. 决定；断定；测定
determined adj. 决意的；已决定的。
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
He determined that he would leave.
They are determined to help the old couple.
4. take off脱掉，除去；起飞，跃起，飞起；在（某期间）休息；从（价格）减去，减价
take your coat off.
The plane took off very smoothly
I’d like to take next Friday off.
They are taking 50% off all goods in that shop.
5. attack v. 攻击，袭击，攻打
n. 攻击，袭击
under attack遭到攻击
make an attack on the enemy攻击敌人
have an attack of headache头疼病发作。
6. do research进行调查
research n. [U]&[C] 调查，研究
busy with research work忙于研究工作
Research workers are examining the problem.
7. go wrong走错路，弄错方向；失败，不顺利；发生故障
They went wrong when they reached the crossroads.
Everything planned went wrong.
The clock went wrong.
8. comment n. [U]&[C] 评论；批评； [U]谈论；议论；闲话
vi. 评论；发表议论或意见
评说；评论（常与介词on或upon连用）
He made some comments on the recent developments.
Both of them declined to comment.
He commented that the project was a failure
9. in the end “最后，终于”，表示经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况后某事才发生。
We looked everywhere and in the end we found the key.
We at last they found her, she was almost dead.
10. owe … to … 受到恩惠，归功于… ….
owe n. 欠，负债
owing to由于，因为
We owe a great deal to our parents and teachers.
I owe my uncle $100.
Owing to the drought, crops are short.
11. live adj. 实况转播的；活的；生动的；精力充沛的
It wasn’t a recorded show it was live;
The concert will be broadcast live.
She is a live woman.
12. on the air正在播出的；播送
of the air停止广播
His show is on the air at six o’clock.
Is that radio show still in the air
13. speed n. 速度
at a /the speed of 60 km per hour
at a slow but steady speed with great speed
v. 加快，飞跑
14. think highly of对… … 高度评价，赞赏，对… … 印象好
The people think highly of the president.
The singer was highly thought of by the audience.
IV. Homework: New words
Unit 6 Good Manners
I. Goals: Talk about good table manners
Learn to apologize to people
Express your gratitude
II. Key points: Understand the Restrictive Attributive Clause and the Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause:
1. III. Difficult points:
2. impression n. 印象
get an impression得到某印象
have /make a good impression on sb. 给某人留下好印象
be under the impression that… 觉得… …， 心为… …
What he said gave her a bad impression.
3. interrupt v. 打断（谈话等）
vt. 使（某活动）中断
It’s impolite to interrupt a speaker.
He interrupted his work to answer the bell.
4. apologize v. 道歉
apology n. [C] 道歉
make an apology致歉
I have come to apologize to you.
I wished to meet you to apologize for my rudeness on Saturday last week.
If you see him please give my apologies for not having written to him.
5. course n. 过程；进行方向；课程
in the course of在… … 当中
a course of study学习课程
a summer course暑期课程
take a course in law上法律课
during the course of the day, we visited a lot of places.
In the course of the discussion, many opinions were heard.
6. introduce v. 介绍；传入；引起； 提出
Let me introduce myself. I’m Prof. Johnson.
introduce into引入
7. mean v. 意味着；意欲，打算；以… …是重要的
mean to do sth. 打算（意欲）做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
mean sb. to do… 打算使（让） … …做…
means n. 手段，方法；工具；财富
by all means无论如何，务必
by means of以… …， 借着，借助于… …
by this means通过这种方法
What does the word mean
I meant to tell you, but I was so busy.
a means of communication
Thoughts can also be expressed by means of music .
8. start with … 以… … 开始，开始时（有）
to start with首先；在开始时
let me start with some simple questions.
His illness started with a slight cough.
It won’t work; to start with, it’s a bad idea, and secondly it’ll cost too much.
9. fashion n. 流行，时髦；时尚
a fashion show时装表演
set a /the fashion开风气之先；领导潮流
follow the fashion赶时髦
come into fashion流行起来
go out of fashion渐渐过时
be in fashion正流行
be out of fashion不再流行
Wide trousers are the latest fashion.
10. drink to为… … 干杯，为… …祝酒
We all drank to Tom’s success in the experiment.
11. leave out省去； 遗漏；忽视；不考虑
We haven’t decided what to leave out and what to leave in.
12. extra adj. 额外的； 外加的；特别的；另外的
adv. 特别地
I don’t suppose they wanted any extra help.
I have to be at the office extra early tomorrow.
IV. Homework: Write a thank-you letter
Unit 7 Cultural Relics
I. Goals: Talk about cultural relics
Talk about ways to protect cultural relics
Give advice and make suggestions
II. Key points: Use the Present Perfect Voice
III. Difficult points:
1. burn vt. 点着；烧毁；烧伤；烫伤；激起愤怒；晒
vi. 燃烧，点着；发热，发光；烧毁，烫伤；晒黑
Wood burns easily.
The sunlight has burnt away the haze.
The great fire burnt the school building to the ground.
2. end n. 终点；结束；目的
v. 完毕，结束；终止
at the end of在… … 末端
by the end of到… … 末（为止）
come to an end停止；结束
end up最后成为，终归… …
end up with以 … …告终
Go to the end of the road and turn left.
The story ended up with the hero’s death.
3. give in屈服于； 投降于；提出；呈交
His mother gave in and bought a toy for her child.
give up放弃
The doctors gave her father up two years ago , but he is still alive.
4. in ruins成为废墟的，荒芜的
ruin n. 毁灭，毁坏，崩溃的状态
v. 使毁灭，使败坏
bring … to ruin使… …毁灭，使… …没落
The storm ruined the crops.
You will ruin your future if you continue to be so foolish.
5. damage vt. 损坏；毁坏；损害
n. 损害；损伤；伤害
Their failures in this area have damaged their self-confidence and credibility.
The earthquake caused a lot of damage.
6. limit n. 界限；限度
vt. 限制；限定
go to the limit 达到极限
off limits禁止进入
We must limit our spending.
7. including包含，包括
included adj. 包含的，包括在内的
The group included two engineers and twenty workers.
8. missing adj. 失踪的，找不到的，行踪不明的
The plane is still missing.
The missing失踪者，行踪不明者，当复数名词用
9. put back放回原处；推迟；拨慢
The date was put back from March to April.
10. look out over/on /to俯瞰… …， 朝向 … …， 外面是 … …
look out for当心，注意
His house was on the side of a hill. It looked out over the city and was surrounded by gum trees.
Look out! You could fall off the edge here.
There were signs everywhere warning people to look out for falling rocks.
11. pull down拉倒，摧毁；推翻
The rebels pulled down the present government with military force.
IV. Homework: Write a letter to the editor
Unit 8 Sports
I. Goals: Talk about sports
Talk about the Olympic Games
Talk about interests and hobbies
Talk about what will be done
II. Key points: Use the Future Perfect Voice
III. Difficult points:
1. every four years每四年
We have English lessons every other day; that is on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
2. effect n. 结果；效果
have(little/no/great)effect on/upon… 对… … 没影响/有很大影响
take effect实施
come into effect生效
bring sth. into effect实施（计划、法律等）
give effect to使生效；实现
in effect事实上
Punishment had very little effect on them.
The new system of taxation will take effect next May.
3. compete v. 竟争，比得上；比赛
compete in (a game, a match) 参加
compete with/against sb. 和某人竞争
compete for （a prize, a medal, the first place）角逐
competition n. 竞争；比赛，竞赛
competitor n. 竞争者，竞争对手
He is going to compete against/with his old friend in the second round.
4. host v. 做东；主办； 招待
n. 主人； 主办单位
The Smiths hosted the visitors
He acted as host to his father’s friends.
5. allow vt. 许可；容许；承认
My patents won’t allow me to stay out late.
His parents allow him to watch TV every evening.
6. stand for代表； 代替；象征；支持
We want to know what he stands for.
The owls stand for wisdom.
7. further adj. 更深入的，更进一步的；另；更远的，较远的
Adv. 更深一层地，更进一步地；更远地，更前面地
His house is on the further side of the street.
The policeman questioned him further.
8. rank n. 阶层，阶级，等级；地位；显贵，高身份；行，列
v. 位居； 被分类… …； 评价 … …
people of all ranks社会各阶层的人
a soldier of high rank高军阶的人
a gentleman of rank有地位的绅士。
Taxis stood in a rank in front of the station.
He ranks below/above Shelley as a poet.
9. prepare v. 准备 … … ，预备 … …； 使（某人）作心理准备
vt. 准备做… … ，配制
We must prepare for the party.
Mother is preparing Father to enter the hospital.
I’ll prepare a meal tonight.
10. welcome v. 欢迎，迎接
adj. 受欢迎的，令人快乐的
n. 欢迎，款待；欢迎辞
Welcome to Beijing.
He welcomed his friend to his house.
He is welcome to my share .
We received a warm welcome.
IV. Homework: Write a sports star’s profile
Unit 9 Technology
I. Goals: Talk about science and technology
Describe things and how they work
Express agreement and disagreement
II. Key points: Use the present Continuous Passive Voice
III. Difficult points:
1. dare v. 敢；胆敢
vt. 敢；胆敢
He daren’t tell her.
He didn’t dare to tell her.
I don’t know how she dares to say that.
2. add v. 加；增加；加起来；又说，补充
add to增加
add… to … 加，往 … … 添加 … …
add up总共有，总计达
If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water.
His illness added to the family’s trouble.
Will you add more sugar to your coffee
If you add5 to 5, you get 10.
His whole school education added up to no more than one year.
3. on the go: working all the time忙碌，（整天）奔忙，爱动
Clare is never happy here. She has to be on the go all the time.
4. remind v. 使某人想起，使记起，提醒
remind sb. of … 使某人想起… …
remind sb that … 使某人想起，提醒，警告
remind sb. to do … 使某人想做… …， 提醒某人做… …
He reminded me of my promise.
She reminded me that I hadn’t watered the flowers
5. break down分解；（计划等）失败； （身体）垮掉；毁掉；（机械等）出故障
It’s not easy to break down plastics and other similar rubbish.
The bridge broke down.
6. communicate v. 传达，传送；取得联系；联络
communication n. ，沟通，交流；联络
cut off communication切断联络（通讯）
have no communication with与… … 无联系
in communication with与… …联络
The plane has been out of communication for an hour.
7. succeed vi. 成功； （计划等）顺利完成
v. 继位；继任；继承
success n. 成功； 顺利；成功的人或物
When the king died, his oldest sun succeeded.
He was a great success as a novelist.
8. disturb v. 妨碍，打扰；扰乱；使（人）心神不宁
The noise in the street disturbed my study.
9. take over把… … 从一地带到另一地；拉管，拉心，取而代之
The new department head took over yesterday.
What is good and still useful should be taken over.
10. in case of … 在… … 情形时，万一 … …； 如果
In case of fire, call 119.
Take your umbrella, in case it rains.
In no case should you give up.
11. call for需要； 大声呼救；叫上某人一起去
Somebody was calling for help.
12. depend vi. 依靠； 依赖
depend on /upon依靠； 依赖
depend on/upon sb. 信任某人；依赖某人
depend on /upon it that … 相信… …
depend on/upon whether/how… 视… …而定
These factories depend on their parents for food and clothes
You may depend on her arriving on time.
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
IV. Homework: Present a project
Unit 10 The World around us
I. Goals: Talk about ways to protect the environment
Talk about wildlife endangerment
II. Key points: Review Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
III. Difficult points:
lead v. 引导；带领；通往；诱导；诱使
vt. 过（某种生活）； 使（某人）过（某种生活）
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事； 诱导某人做某事
lead to通向；导致；招致
The street leads you to the station.
Her advice led him to do it again.
His carelessness led to this accident.
He led his family a dog’s life.
2. Devote v. 献身；致力于
He has devoted his life to helping blind people.
The boys devoted themselves to reading.
2. die out
die of /from/by因… … 而死
die+名（形容）词 死于… … 状态
die young/happy英年早逝（含笑九泉）
be dying for (口语) 渴望… …， 很想… …
die away (声音、光线、风等) 渐弱，渐息
die off (家庭、各族等) 相继死亡
die down为国牺牲，殉国
That custom died out years ago.
She died of cancer/old age.
He was dying for a drink.
4. cause n. 事业；原因
v. 导致… … ， 引起
fight for the cause of freedom为争取自由而战斗
Drunken driving is often the cause of accidents.
He caused his parents a lot of trouble.
5. measure n. 尺寸；措施
vt. 测量；测度
measure against … （以他物）量
An hour is a measure of time.
It is very easy to measure the speed of a car.
She took my measure before making a pair of trousers for me.
6. adapt v. 使 … … 适应，使… … 适合
adapted adj. 适合 … … 的；改编成… … 的。
I adapted the garage for use as a workshop.
He is quick to adapt (himself) to new circumstances.
The play is adapted from a novel.
7. respond v. 回答；回应；有反应
response n. [C] 应答，回答；[U]感应，反应
in response to为回答 … … 响应 … …
respond to a question回答问题
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
She waved her hand in response.
He opened the door in response to a knock.
8. expert n. 熟练者，高手，专家
Adj. (对… … ) 熟练的，老练的；擅长的
a fashion expert时装专家
an expert at/in cooking烹饪高手
an expert at driving a car教练的驾驶员
an expert on the problem通晓那个问题的人
according to expert opinions根据专家的意见
She is expert at / in looking after children.
9. create v. 创造，创作
creative adj. 创造的，有创造力的；独创的
creation n. 创造，创作，创设
the creation of a new system新体制的创设
the creation of imagination幻想的产物
the latest creation from Pares巴黎最新流行的款式
Shakespeare created many famous characters.
11. either … or … “或者 … …或者… …， 不是… … 就是… …”
Either you or he is right
Please either come in or go out; don’t stand there in the doorway.
IV. Homework: Make a poster
Unit 11 The Sound of the World
I. Goals: Talk about different kinds of music
Practice giving advice and making suggestions
II. Key points: Review the Passive Voice
III. Difficult points:
1. suggest vt. 提出；建议；暗示；委婉地说；透露
suggest sth. (to sb ) (向某人)建议或提议 … …
suggest doing sth. 建议去做某事
She suggested a visit to the museum this afternoon.
He suggested going for a walk.
The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family members.
2. satisfy v. 满足；使满意
satisfying adj. 令人满意的；使人满足的
satisfied adj. 满意的；感到满足的
be satisfied with 对… … 感到满意
satisfy the eyes /conditions/requirements悦目/满足条件/满足要求
satisfy one’s needs/curiosity/vanity满足某人需求/好奇心/虚荣心
a satisfied smile 满意的微笑
I didn’t like the story; it didn’t satisfy me. But perhaps I’m hard to satisfy.
That answer won’t satisfy her.
He was satisfied with his progress.
3. brief adj. 短时间的，短暂的；简洁的；简略的
make a brief visit作短暂拜访
a brief report简短的报告
to be brief简单说，扼要地说
in brief简单地说，简言之
briefly adv. 简洁地；简而言之
To be brief, she was happy with that result.
Please tell me briefly what happened.
4. style n. 作风，方式，风格；款式；种类，式样；风度，品格
v. 制成，设计；称（某人）为… …
in style流行地；优雅地；豪华地
live in the western style过西式生活
Do you have a chair in this style
This dress is styled for a formal party.
5. along with相当于together with , 意为“同 … … 一道，同 … … 一起”。
Along with my fellow workers, I worked might and day during that strike.
6. used to从前做 … … ，以前是 … … （与现在对比，表过去的事实情况）
be used to +名词或动名词，意为“习惯于 … …”
get /become used to习惯于 … …
This river used to be clean.
I don’t smoke these days, but I used to .
7. forget(all) about (完全)忘掉，不记得
Helping his son with his physics homework reminded him of things he’d long forgotten about.
I forgot all about sending the invitation to Mr. Brown.
8. have much in common有很多共同之处
common adj. 普通的，平凡的；共有的；公共的，公众的；
n. 共用的、公有的东西
a common event常有的事情
a common mistake常见错误
Though they are brothers, they have nothing in common with one another.
The flower is common in spring.
9. desire v. 愿望；渴望；期求
n. [C]&[U] 意欲；想要；切望
It leaves much to be desired.
have a strong desire to do sth.急切地想做某事
He has a strong desire to succeed.
10. contain vt. 包含；含有；包括
The box contains the child’s toys.
The hall can contain 3000 people.
11. spread v. 使伸展，伸展；使延伸，延伸；传播；使 … … 流传
n. 扩张；范围；宽度
the wide spread of green forest 绿色森林的绵延
I spread a new cloth on the table.
The fire spread quickly through the forest.
IV. Homework: Translations
Unit 12 Art and Literature
I. Goals: Talk about art and literature
Review making decisions and giving opinions
II. Key points: Review the Attributive Clause
III. Difficult points:
1. series n. 一套（丛书、邮票等）， 连续剧（片）
a series of一连串，连续
a series of articles about pollution一系列有关污染的文章
I firmly believe that such a series will be a great success.
There has been a series of car accidents at the crossing.
2. goal n. 目标，目的；球门；（球赛等的）得分；守门员
His goal is a place at Harvard University.
He kicked the ball towards the other team’s goal.
Our team won the match by one goal.
3. compare v. 比较，和 … … 相比
compare … to … 把… … 比作 … …
compared with/to … 与… …比较起来，较之 … …
If you compare both of our cars, you’ll find they’re very much alike.
He rudely compared my home-made bread to a lump of rock.
London is larger, compared to /with Paris.
4. whisper v. 耳语，密谈，低声说
n. 耳语，私语
in a whisper/in whispers小声地
I whispered to Tom what was in my mind.
It is whispered that he is heavily in debt.
5. if only但愿 … …，要是… … 就好了，此短语后接句子时，句中的谓语动词要用过去时态表虚拟语气
If only he had seen me.
If only it would stop raining.
6. do about对… … 想某种办法或采取某种行动；处理，对付，相当于do what短语
I must do something about those broken window panes.
What shall we do about lunch: go to a restaurant, or have it at home
I don’t know what to do about the naughty boy.
7. together with和… … 一道，连同… … 一起
I’m sending you some new shoes, together with a hat and a coat.
He sent her some roses, together with a nice letter.
8. power n. 能力； 权利
the power of hearing听力
beyond (out of ) one’s power （某人）力的不能及的
within one’s power (某人)力所能及的
come into power/take power掌权，执政
in power当权的，执政
It is beyond my power to understand how the computer works.
10. believe in相信；信仰；信赖；认为有益
Do you believe in God
You can believe in him; he’ll never let you down.
He believes in plenty of fresh air and exercise.
11. in trouble处于困境（困难）中；有了问题（麻烦）
She is in great trouble, so she needs your advice.
IV. Homework: Translations
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