unit 2[上学期]
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Unit 2 English around the world
补充注释：
P.9
There you are.
这是一句表示一件事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。例如：
THERE YOU ARE ！除此之外，还可以表示“瞧，对吧”的语气。例如：
THERE YOU ARE！I KNEW WE SHOULD FIND IT AT LAST。
You must be very tired.
must这个情态动词在这里表示的是很有把握的一种主观判断，意思是“一定，肯定”等。作这一意思解释时，“MUST”的否定形式是“ CAN’T”，既“一定不”。例如：
A: that must be The Williams.
B: No, it can’t be them. They are away on holidays.
P.10
English is a language spoken all around the world. 全世界。
all around the world: all over the world, throughout the world
There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English.
Majority:
1. the great number or part, most多数人，大部分人
the great majority of the women who worked in Packingtown suffered in the same way.
The time has come to improve the conditions of the majority of the people.
I disagree with the majority on both points.
But the majority were on Ben’s side.
In total, for more than 375 million people English is their mother tongue.
total
1) n. 总数。in total 加起来，总计。例如：
In total, there must be around 1,000 attending the meeting today.
2）adj. 整个的，全部的，总数的。例如：
What is the total costs of the furniture we need
3) vt. 总数为，加起来是。例如：
The money left totals only $15. How can we get back home
An equal number of people learn English as a second language.
1. Equal: adj. n . v
2. The same in size, amount, value, number, degree, status, etc.相同的，相等的，同样的。
Divide the cake into equal parts.
Equal amounts of flour and sugar should be added to the mixture.
3. Equal to sth/doing sth---having the strength, courage, ability, etc for sth.对某事物有力量，能力等，能胜任。
She feels equal to the task.
n
Person or thing equal to oneself in some way 和自己相当的人或事
He is my equal in strength.
We consider ourselves equals.
v
3. Equal sb/sth (in sth)----be equal to sb/sth 与某人某事物相同或相等
He is equaled by no one in kindness.
…, except for those in Hong Kong, where….
except for: not including, but not 除了…之外
（表示所说的不包括在内）
The meal was excellent except for the first course.
The office was in darkness except for the solitary light above his desk.
She was quite alone in the world except for an invalid aunt in Bridleton.
You picture is good except for some of the colors.
Except for a touch of melancholy in his expression, he was nothing out of the common.
P. 11
You can listen to English songs on the radio or use English to communicate with people around the world through the Internet.
Communicate:
1. exchange information
They had no way to communicate with Kurt.
I shall communicate with you direct.
They used carrier pigeons to communicate with headquarters.
We’ve been communicating by mail.
I immediately communicated with the police.
We can communicate with people in most parts of the world by telephone.
We learn a language in order to communicate.
2. convey
with his help, we tried to communicate this feeling to our hosts.
You don’t communicate your ideas well in this essay.
I asked your sister to communicate my wishes to you.
3. be connected
the dining-room communicates with the kitchen.
My garden communicates with the garden next door by means of a gate.
P. 12
How did this these differences come about
come about: happen; take place
句中动词短语come about 作“发生”、“造成”解。例如：
How did this accident come about？
They didn’t know how the change had come about。
Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel comes about.
There is no quick answer to this question.
to: for, of
Have you got the key to the lock
She is the secretary to the manager.
Would you please show me the way to…
This is the answer to the question.
There is no quick answer to the question.
I found her ate the entrance to the hall.
She is reading the note to the text.
I paid a visit to my old friend yesterday.
People built the monument to the hero.
c.f. of: belonging to , that sth has
I like the color of the dress.
He is a friend of my father.
For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.
句中stay 是联系动词，作“保持（某种状态）”解，相当于continue to be 的意思，通常跟形容词作表语。例如：
We are going to stay awake to see the sunrise.
Stay as sweet as you are.
The shop stayed open till nine o’clock.
The temperature has stayed high this week.
He stayed single all his life.
while: conj. (to introduce sth. Different) but, whereas.
You like sports, while I would rather read.
I like fish, while my sister likes meat.
Jane was dressed in brown, while Mary was dressed in blue.
I like tea while she likes coffee.
While food was raffling in the warehouse, the poor people there were suffering from hunger.
Some people waster food, while others don’t have enough.
At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, ending up with different words.
End up with: 以…结束
We started with soup, and had fruit to end up with.
The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.
We ended the dinner up with fruit and coffee.
End up 1) 最后（有某种结局），最后（成了）
If you drive your car like that, you’ll end up in hospital.
If you go on doing that kind of thing you’ll end up in prison.
The gangster ended up in the electric chair.
2) 最后到达某处
we may end up in china.
The car ended up in the ditch.
We started the evening at the kings Head, went on to the white hart, and ended up at the Bull and Bush
Except for the differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.
1.句中的more or less= rather/ mostly, 意思是“或多或少”、“大体上”、“在一定程度上”，用来表示自己的意匠不那么肯定。例如：
The work is more or less finished.
Our working condition has more or less improved.
I think it’s more or less a crime.
Paul made some mistakes in the test, but his answers were more or less right.
Betty believes more or less in fairies.
2. more or less: almost, nearly, if not exactly近乎
It is a mile, more or less, from his home to the school.
However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.
1. Learning the guitar isn’t difficult, but you have to practise.
2. She made three films and appeared on television.
3. Rik was very successful. However, the last few years of his life were not happy ones.
4. My neighbours like loud pop music, but I don’t.
5. So far I haven’t had any success. However, I’ll keep trying.
6. He’s made six records, but has not made any films yet.
7. She’s won prizes for her records and a prize for one of her films.
have difficulty in doing something的意思是“在做……方面有困难”。要注意的是difficulty后接名词时，名词前要家with，即have difficulty(trouble) with something。这种后接名词或动词时造成结构不同的还有以下几个词：
have trouble (in) doing sth
be busy doing sth.
have trouble with sth
be busy with sth
help somebody do/to do sth
help somebody with sth
P. 14
They started to use English, but they also brought in some words from their own languages.
bring in:
1. 有收入，赚得，收获（庄稼）
She’ll be bringing nothing in for a long time.
How much does that garage business bring in each month
The sale brought (us) in over ￡200.
The boys are bringing in ￡60 a week.
Farmers in the south have also brought in good crops.
They have brought in an all-round record harvest.
2. 扯进来，请来，让参加
It is my own act. Why do you bring my mother in
Stick to the point; don’t’ bring in things that are irrelevant.
Why bring Jones in He’ll do nothing to help.
补充注释：
P.9
There you are.
这是一句表示一件事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。例如：
THERE YOU ARE ！除此之外，还可以表示“瞧，对吧”的语气。例如：
THERE YOU ARE！I KNEW WE SHOULD FIND IT AT LAST。
You must be very tired.
must这个情态动词在这里表示的是很有把握的一种主观判断，意思是“一定，肯定”等。作这一意思解释时，“MUST”的否定形式是“ CAN’T”，既“一定不”。例如：
A: that must be The Williams.
B: No, it can’t be them. They are away on holidays.
P.10
English is a language spoken all around the world. 全世界。
all around the world: all over the world, throughout the world
There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English.
Majority:
1. the great number or part, most多数人，大部分人
the great majority of the women who worked in Packingtown suffered in the same way.
The time has come to improve the conditions of the majority of the people.
I disagree with the majority on both points.
But the majority were on Ben’s side.
In total, for more than 375 million people English is their mother tongue.
total
1) n. 总数。in total 加起来，总计。例如：
In total, there must be around 1,000 attending the meeting today.
2）adj. 整个的，全部的，总数的。例如：
What is the total costs of the furniture we need
3) vt. 总数为，加起来是。例如：
The money left totals only $15. How can we get back home
An equal number of people learn English as a second language.
1. Equal: adj. n . v
2. The same in size, amount, value, number, degree, status, etc.相同的，相等的，同样的。
Divide the cake into equal parts.
Equal amounts of flour and sugar should be added to the mixture.
3. Equal to sth/doing sth---having the strength, courage, ability, etc for sth.对某事物有力量，能力等，能胜任。
She feels equal to the task.
n
Person or thing equal to oneself in some way 和自己相当的人或事
He is my equal in strength.
We consider ourselves equals.
v
3. Equal sb/sth (in sth)----be equal to sb/sth 与某人某事物相同或相等
He is equaled by no one in kindness.
…, except for those in Hong Kong, where….
except for: not including, but not 除了…之外
（表示所说的不包括在内）
The meal was excellent except for the first course.
The office was in darkness except for the solitary light above his desk.
She was quite alone in the world except for an invalid aunt in Bridleton.
You picture is good except for some of the colors.
Except for a touch of melancholy in his expression, he was nothing out of the common.
P. 11
You can listen to English songs on the radio or use English to communicate with people around the world through the Internet.
Communicate:
1. exchange information
They had no way to communicate with Kurt.
I shall communicate with you direct.
They used carrier pigeons to communicate with headquarters.
We’ve been communicating by mail.
I immediately communicated with the police.
We can communicate with people in most parts of the world by telephone.
We learn a language in order to communicate.
2. convey
with his help, we tried to communicate this feeling to our hosts.
You don’t communicate your ideas well in this essay.
I asked your sister to communicate my wishes to you.
3. be connected
the dining-room communicates with the kitchen.
My garden communicates with the garden next door by means of a gate.
P. 12
How did this these differences come about
come about: happen; take place
句中动词短语come about 作“发生”、“造成”解。例如：
How did this accident come about？
They didn’t know how the change had come about。
Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel comes about.
There is no quick answer to this question.
to: for, of
Have you got the key to the lock
She is the secretary to the manager.
Would you please show me the way to…
This is the answer to the question.
There is no quick answer to the question.
I found her ate the entrance to the hall.
She is reading the note to the text.
I paid a visit to my old friend yesterday.
People built the monument to the hero.
c.f. of: belonging to , that sth has
I like the color of the dress.
He is a friend of my father.
For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.
句中stay 是联系动词，作“保持（某种状态）”解，相当于continue to be 的意思，通常跟形容词作表语。例如：
We are going to stay awake to see the sunrise.
Stay as sweet as you are.
The shop stayed open till nine o’clock.
The temperature has stayed high this week.
He stayed single all his life.
while: conj. (to introduce sth. Different) but, whereas.
You like sports, while I would rather read.
I like fish, while my sister likes meat.
Jane was dressed in brown, while Mary was dressed in blue.
I like tea while she likes coffee.
While food was raffling in the warehouse, the poor people there were suffering from hunger.
Some people waster food, while others don’t have enough.
At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, ending up with different words.
End up with: 以…结束
We started with soup, and had fruit to end up with.
The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.
We ended the dinner up with fruit and coffee.
End up 1) 最后（有某种结局），最后（成了）
If you drive your car like that, you’ll end up in hospital.
If you go on doing that kind of thing you’ll end up in prison.
The gangster ended up in the electric chair.
2) 最后到达某处
we may end up in china.
The car ended up in the ditch.
We started the evening at the kings Head, went on to the white hart, and ended up at the Bull and Bush
Except for the differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.
1.句中的more or less= rather/ mostly, 意思是“或多或少”、“大体上”、“在一定程度上”，用来表示自己的意匠不那么肯定。例如：
The work is more or less finished.
Our working condition has more or less improved.
I think it’s more or less a crime.
Paul made some mistakes in the test, but his answers were more or less right.
Betty believes more or less in fairies.
2. more or less: almost, nearly, if not exactly近乎
It is a mile, more or less, from his home to the school.
However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.
1. Learning the guitar isn’t difficult, but you have to practise.
2. She made three films and appeared on television.
3. Rik was very successful. However, the last few years of his life were not happy ones.
4. My neighbours like loud pop music, but I don’t.
5. So far I haven’t had any success. However, I’ll keep trying.
6. He’s made six records, but has not made any films yet.
7. She’s won prizes for her records and a prize for one of her films.
have difficulty in doing something的意思是“在做……方面有困难”。要注意的是difficulty后接名词时，名词前要家with，即have difficulty(trouble) with something。这种后接名词或动词时造成结构不同的还有以下几个词：
have trouble (in) doing sth
be busy doing sth.
have trouble with sth
be busy with sth
help somebody do/to do sth
help somebody with sth
P. 14
They started to use English, but they also brought in some words from their own languages.
bring in:
1. 有收入，赚得，收获（庄稼）
She’ll be bringing nothing in for a long time.
How much does that garage business bring in each month
The sale brought (us) in over ￡200.
The boys are bringing in ￡60 a week.
Farmers in the south have also brought in good crops.
They have brought in an all-round record harvest.
2. 扯进来，请来，让参加
It is my own act. Why do you bring my mother in
Stick to the point; don’t’ bring in things that are irrelevant.
Why bring Jones in He’ll do nothing to help.