3.
Reading:
1. Where there is a river, there is a city.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Please sit where you like.
辨析：where引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别：
Where引起状语从句时，其前面无先行词，where也不能换成“介词+which”
Where引起的定语从句，其前面有名词作先行词，where可以换成“介词+which”
Make marks where you have any questions. ( 状语从句)
Make marks at the places where you have any questions. (定语从句)
(2002 上海春招)
The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. 地点状语
2. Perhaps this is not always true, but it is true that many of the world’s greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river.
it 形式主语，that引导真正主语从句
(2004 北京春招)
The Foreign Minister said it is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.
have been built 为完成时的被动语态，表示已完成的被动动作。
3. It was under attack for 900 days, but the people of the city never gave up.
under attack 遭受攻击 under 在......状态中，在......情况下
The car is under repair.
The subject is under study.
give in=give up 投降，屈服，让步，上交
give up 放弃
If you can’t win the game, you may give in.
If you can’t win the game, you may give it up.
4. Restoring the city and its cultural relics seemed impossible, but the people of this great city would not give up,“We will not let our history and culture be destroyed, and we will do everything we can to save our city!”
will &would 表示意志和决心
we will never do that kind of thing.
we will do everything we can to save our city中we can是定语从句，其前省略了关系代词that, 其后省略了动词do，不定式to save our city在句中作目的状语，因此to不能省略。
She did everything/all (that) she could to help her mother with the housework.
5. Pieces of the palaces that had been hidden before the Nazis came could now be used to rebuild the city and its culture.
be used to =be used for 被用来做......
A knife can be used to cut bread./for cutting bread.
be used to doing 习惯于
I am used to getting up early in the morning.
used to do sth. 过去常常
I used to get up early.
6. With the help of old painting and photographs, the people of St Petersburg were able to bring back the beauty of their culture and history.
with the help of ...... 在....的帮助下
With help of my teacher, I become interested in English.
be able to 成功的做成某事，强调结果
(NMET 1997)
The fire spread the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.
7. Strong, proud, united, the people of St Petersburg are the mofern heroes of Russia.
Strong, proud, united, 形容词作状语，说明主语的特征和性质。
He spent several days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.
(2004 上海春招)
After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, exhausted.
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22．
Warming-up:
1. Complete the map of each site based on what you hear on the tape.
base on 根于，基于，以......为基础
base A on B 把A建立在B的基础上
The song is based on a true story.
She based the song on a true story.
2. You may also include a short message (two sentences) in any language in the box, but remember that those who find the capsule may not understand your language.
include& contain 包含，包括
including& included
They will send the book for $5, including postage.=(postage included)
The bottle contains some water.
The album contains several pictures, including some taken during my school life.1.
Unit7 Cultural Relics
New words:
1. represent vt. 代表，表现
= stand for
Mr Smith represents us to attend the meeting.
The picture represents the end of the war.
2. include vt. 包括，包含
include& contain 包含，包括
including& included
They will send the book for $5, including postage.=(postage included)
The bottle contains some water.
The album contains several pictures, including some taken during my school life.
3. give in 让步，投降
give in=give up 投降，屈服，让步，上交
give up 放弃
If you can’t win the game, you may give in.
If you can’t win the game, you may give it up.
4. ruin n. 废墟，遗迹，毁灭，崩溃
Drink led to his ruin.
in ruins 成为废墟，遭到严重破坏
Our plan is in ruins.
The house across the street is in ruins.
5. burn vt. 焚烧，烧焦，点（灯）
He burned all the letters.
My skin was burned by the sun.
6. bring…back to life 使苏醒，使生动，使活泼
They did all they could to bring him back to life.
A great actor can bring a character to life.
7. pull down 拆毁，推毁，推翻
It is to pull down than to set up.
8. set up 设立，创立
9. damage vt.&n. 损害，伤害
destroy vt. 破坏
The flood destroyed the whole village.
Smoking does damage to health.
10. official n. 官员，公务员 adj. 官方的，正式的，公务的
officer n. 军警官员
official language 官方语言
11. breath n. 呼吸，气息 breathe v. 呼吸
He is now out of breath.
Breathe in fresh air.
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
take a deep breath 深呼一口气
12. limit vt. 限制，限定 n. 界限，限度
She has reached the limit of her patience.
Our holidays are limited to two weeks.
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24.
Language study:
1. Tom’s sister wouldn’t change her mind.
change one’s mind 改变主意
make up one’s mind 下定决心
2. It is said to be the city’s largest ever cultural relics repair project.
it 指代上文中的Beijing plans to repair its old city wall而不是形式主语。
It is said to be the best book, but I don’t think so.
=It is said that it is the best book, but I don’t think so.
You are said to know the accident.
=It is said that you know the accident.
3. So far, more than 200,000....
so far 迄今为止
So far, so good.
Integrating skills:
1. To make your voice heard, you can write a letter to a newspaper editor.
to make your voice heard 不定式作目的状语
He was running to catch the bus.
辨析：不定式与现在分词作结果状语
现在分词作结果状语时，表示前一个动作造成的结果，不定式也可作结果状语，通常表示一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果。
He got home to find that his father was ill.
The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.
2. No, the pollution does not come from cars or factories, but from human beings.
not...but... 不是...而是....
I haven’t come for pleasure but for business.
Not you but he is to be punished.
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