高一第二单元教案[上学期]
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Unit 2 English around the world
知能聚焦 (Language Points )
单 词和短 语 bathroom towel closet pronounce broad repeat majority native total tongue equal government situation international organization trade tourism global communicate communication exchange service signal movement commander tidy stand independent fall expression typhoon publish southern president European howl cookbook compare replace make oneself at home in total except for stay up come about end up with bring in a great/good many at the same time for the first time be tired communicate with have some difficulty in doing sth have a knowledge of mother tongue
主 要句 型 That's why…;if you'll excuse me now; while的用法；v+疑问词+不定式;there you are; must表示"推测"的用法;过去分词作后置定语的用法等。
语 法 Directions and Indirections (2)
课前热身 (Warming up)
1. 背景知识 (background)
英语小知识。
英语词汇之所以庞大而居世界之首，是因为它广开门户，善于吸收各种语言的词汇为己有，其中以吸收法语、拉丁语、希腊语为主。英语本族语是指盎格鲁撒克逊民族流传下来的词汇，它的特点是词形短、词义多、构词能力强。例如go在《新英汉词典》中不及物用法有21种；及物用法有4种；名词用法有10种；形容词用法有2种。再如man可以构成下列 airman, fireman ,ploughman , workman , postman, chairman, Englishman, manhood, manly, manlike, manful, manhole, man-cating , manslaughter, man power合成词、派生词等词。英国学者C.K.Ogden和I.A.Richards 于1920年曾提出Basic English,其词汇量只有850多个。他们的目的就是想减轻外国人学英语的负担，只用一些有限的词汇来表达思想和进行交际。
今天的美国英语就是17世纪英国殖民者当时带到美洲大陆上来的。18世纪美国独立战争后，美国人民的民族情绪在语言问题上也表现出来了， 出现了Noah Webster等人，积极倡导美国语言（Americanism）。Webster身体力行，于1828年编辑出版了许多教科书和词典。200多年来，美国英语产生了许多有别于英国英语的地方，其中最重要的变化当然是词汇了。
英国英语和美国英语在词汇方面的差异是：
第一、拼写不同。Webster式美国英语拼写法要比英国拼法较为合理。
a.美式拼写更符合读音规则。例如：
英 美
theatre theater
labour labor
b.美式拼写省去重写的字母。例如：
英 美
programme program
cigarette cigaret
c.美式拼写省去不发音的字母。例如：
英 美
axe ax
good-bye good-by
d.美式拼写改变了一些不规则动词。例如：
英 美
burnt burned
smelt smelled
e.其它不同形式。例如：
英 美
cheque check
tyre tire
第二、同词异义。例如：
英 美
vest 内衫，汗衣 西服背心
pants 短裤 裤子
第三、同义异词。例如：
英 美 英 美
铁路 railway railroad 卡车 lorry truck
行李 luggage baggage 公寓 flat apartment
电梯 lift elevator 糖果 sweets candy
电影 film movie 秋天 autumn fall
有意思地是，词汇的不同有时侯连英美人自己也 搞不清楚，甚至会产生笑话。例如，爱尔兰的剧作家St.John Green Ervine第一次世界大战后到美国，当时他还没有注意到英美英语词汇的差异。所以，有一次当他去一个美国家庭作客时，看到主妇非常朴实，使人不受拘束。于是，他就赞美她说：“You are very homely.”结果，这话一出口，局面就很尴尬。为什么？因为homely在英国表示“诚朴”；在美国表示“丑陋，不漂亮”。他本想恭维主人，结果成了侮辱她。
2.话题 (topics) Why can't he find the bathroom
What is it that Joe can't find in the bathroom
Why doesn't an American understand an English person ….
读写指导 (Instructions for Reading and Writing)
1.Reading English Around The World
Paragraph 1. English is spoken as mother tongue and as a second language.
Paragraph 2. Many people learn English as a foreign language.
Paragraph 3. Many people communicate in English every day
2.Writing
c. How to write Key sentences
b.Write a short passage about the differences between American and British English
c. conclusion.
【习文练习】假定你是一名来自农村的学生，在城镇学习了几年。通过对比使你觉得农村和城镇的生活各有
利弊。请按下列要点写一篇文章。
1． 在城镇，样样事情都很便利，学校、商店都很近；交通比较便利。
2． 同时，电影、戏剧等可供选择的范围很广。
3． 在城镇，每时每刻都有令人感兴趣的事情，可供选择的活动场所很多。
4． 但是，在农村，人口不多，空气新鲜，环境优美，寂静美好，农村人待人友好，乐于助人，生活费用较低，食品便宜。
注意：1.根据以上要写一篇100 词左右的说明文；
2.可参考的词语：quiet, beautiful, clean, friendly, helpful, cheap, wide , convenient(便利的，方便的) ,
close ,regular ,easy等。
One possible version:
Life Between the Town and the Country
I have lived in the town for nearly two years, but before that I lived with my family in a village about a hundred miles away from here. Life is very different in the two places, but there are things that I like about each of them.
In the country it is quiet and beautiful since there are not many people. The air is clean, and there is beautiful scenery all around. The people who live in the country seem friendly and helpful to their neighbors. The cost of living is low there, because food is usually cheap. I also like living in the town. In the town there are interesting things to do all the time. People have a big choice of activities. There is a wide selection of movies, and most of the theatres are good. Everything is convenient here, since in the town I can live close to a lot of shops and schools. At the same time, traffic is very good, so it is not hard to go from one place to another.
I am very happy in the country, but there are good chances for work and study in the town, therefore, I will probably stay here for a period of time and work hard at all my subjects.
要点解析 (Key Points Analysis)
1. Joe is an American who has come to Britain for the first time.
此句中的 for the first time 是介词短语,表示"首次,第一次",在句中作状语;类似的短语有for the second time, 第二次;for the last time,最后一次。与for the first time 意思一样的短语还有the first time,但the first time 为名词短语,常用来引导时间状语从句。
The first time I came to Xianyang , it was very old .
我第一次来咸阳时, 它非常破旧。
When we met each other for the first time, I felt very ashamed from the countryside.
当我们第一次见面时, 我为自己来自乡下而羞愧不己。
2. be tired, be tired of, be tired with/ from 和be tired out
You must be very tired.
此句中的be tired 表示"疲劳的,累的";
与此短语结构相类似的短语还有：
be tired of "对……感到厌烦,厌倦";
be tired with/from "由于……而感到疲劳";
be tired out " 累得筋疲力尽"。
After studying all the week. I was very tired .
经过一周的学习， 我非常累。
My brother is tired out after the work for the whole day.
整天的工作使得我哥哥累得筋疲力尽。
He was tired with riding the bicycle for a long time.
我因长时间地骑自行车而疲惫不堪。
At the beginning , I was interested in English, while now I am tired of it.
起初， 我对英语非常感兴趣，然而， 现在我对它却非常厌烦。
3. now (then), now that, now and then 和now and again
Now then, did you have a good flight
now then 表示说话者的语气，有“说明，命令，请求，警告，安慰”的意思。 now that 表示“既然， 由于”。
now and then 和now and again一样都表示“时而， 不时”的意思。
Now then listen to me, Tom. 汤姆,且听我讲。（表示命令）
----Er,…er,…I…… 哦!哦!….我….
-----Now then what do you mean 你到底是什么意思 (表示不耐烦)
Now that you come to this school, you should study hard.
既然你来这所学校, 你应当刻苦学习。
Last term, I often went to the cinema now and then.
上学期， 我经常去看电影。
4. …just make yourself at home.
此句中的make yourself at home 表示“请随便一点，别客气，不要拘谨”，是招待客人时的客套用语。类似的还有help yourself (to)。
---Could I use your cup 我可以用一下你杯子吗？
---Make yourself at home.别客气！
5. Harry, bring these two pizzas to Mr.Thompson on Broad Street, number12.
这里的bring 和 take, fetch, get, carry等一样都含有“带，拿”等意思。
bring“拿来，带来”，强调从别处带来某人某物；
take“拿走，带走”， 强调带着某物或某人离开说话人所在的地方；
fetch 表示go and get，“去取”，含有“往返”之意 ；
get常用在口语中 ；
carry不同于其它四个词，它表示“携带，搬运”， 强调物体随身移动 。
6.. Don't forget to buy me some ketchup on your way back.
forget to do sth短语,即“忘记去做某事”；
forget doing sth 表示“忘记已经做过某事”。
Don't forget to bring me the book you have borrowed from me tomorrow.
明天别忘记带上你曾经借我的那本书。
---Why do you go to the classroom again 你为什么还要再去教室
---Oh! I forgot having finished my homework. 哦! 我忘了已经做完作业了。
类似的短语还有: a. remember to do something “记着要去做某事”
b. remember doing something “记着已经做了某事”
c. regret to do something “对将要做的事情感到遗憾”
d. regret doing something “对已做过的事情感到遗憾”
7. In total, for more than 375 million people English is ….
in total表示“总共，合计”；
in all,表示“总计， 全部”。
In total, I spent 1200 yuan on the cost of schooling this term.
这学期, 我总共花了1200 元的学费。
There are 35 boys in our class in all. 我们总共有三十五名男生。
8. mother tongue, mother language, native language 和a second language
mother tongue=mother language=native language,都表示“母语，本族语”；
a second language 表示“第二语言”。
Chinese is our mother tongue/native language/mother language.
汉语是我们的母语。
Each of us in our class should learn English as a second language.
在我们班上，每个人都应当把英语当作 第二语言来学习。
9. An equal number of people learn English as a second language.
However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million.
从以上两句不难看出，a number of 表示“许多”， 修饰复数名词，number前可加large, great , good等词,即:a good/ great/ large number of；含有a number of 的句子谓语动词用复数。
the number of 表示“……的数目”，强调数字；含有the number of 的句子谓语动词用单数。
The number of students in Puji Senior Middle School is nearly 4000.
普集高中有近四千学生。
At present, a large number of students dare speak English in class.
目前， 许多学生敢在课堂上讲英语。
10. except for , except, except that, except when, except+不定式 和besides
In China students learn English at school as a foreign language，except for those in Hong Kong.
except for “ 只是, 只有(在说明基本情况后, 对某些细节问题加以纠正,强调不足)；
except “除……之外”，并不包括except之后的内容，这是该词与but 意思相同。它常与不定代词everything, everybody, nothing, everyone, all 或副词everywhere, always, usually, every+noun 连用；
except that从句表示“除知道……，其他一无所知”；
except when从句 表示“除了……(该从句表时间)”；
except+ 不定式表示“除了干某事，未做 别的事”，此结构常与nothing连用；
besides则是“除……之外”，包括之后的内容，含有“除……之外(还有)”之意，常与代词anyone else, the other, others, another或副词also, too 连用。
This piece of clothes is very good except for its light color.
这件衣服不错，只是颜色有点浅。
Except for your bad handwriting, your composition is very good.
除了你的书写糟糕外，你的作文还不错。
He is good at every subject except English.
除了英语，其它各门功课他都擅长。
He is good at other subjects besides English.
除了英语，他还擅长其它课程。
She knows nothing about me except that I teach English at school.
她只知道我在学校教英语，其它她一无所知。
I learned nothing except to know the topic in this class.
这节课我除了知道标题外，其它一无所学。
I often stay at home except when it is fine. 除了晴天，我经常呆在家中。
11.…English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world.
widely ,adv,表示“广泛地”等抽象意义；
wide adj/adv，表示“宽的/地，大的/地”等具体意义。注意wide 与 widely 在句中与动词的位置。
I opened my mouth wide at the sad news in surprise.
听到这悲伤的消息，我吃惊地张大嘴巴。
At present, both English and computers have been widely spoken and used .
12. come about, happen, take place 和 break out
How did these differences come about
此句中的come about 同happen ，take place ，break out 一样都表示“发生”，都属于不及物动词,但它们的用法不同。
come about “发生，产生”，着重指解释或说明事情发生的理由， 且经常与how 连用；
happen “发生”，属普通词汇，指偶然的，意外的，指自发的未能预见的事情发生；
take place “发生”， 指事件或事故的发生是在预料中的并非偶然发生的；
break out “发生，爆发”，着重指战争，火灾，疾病的突然发生。
How does the difference come about between “come about ”and “happen”？
“come about ”和 “happen ”之间的差异是怎样产生的？
At the end of 2003，Bird flu broke out in many countries.
2003 年末，许多国家爆发了禽流感。
The May 4th Movement took place in China in 1919. 1919年中国发生了五．四 运动。
What happened to you？你发生了什么事？
13. at the same time, at one time 和 at a time
At the same time ，British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages，…
at the same time 表示“ 同时”， 可在句首，句中和句末 ；
at one time表示“曾经，一度”，指过去一段时间，可置于句首或句末；
at a time 表示“每次， 一次”，常与数词one， two等连用。
According to the rule, each student can borrow only three books at a time.
按规定，每个学生每次只能借三本书。
The girl laughed and cried at the same time. 这个姑娘又哭又笑。
At one time, I didn't understand our English teacher in class at the beginning of this term.
本学期初，我曾经有一段时间上课根本听不懂我们英语老师的课。
14. end up with 和 begin/start with
At the same time, British English and American English started / began borrowing words
上句划线部分end up with =close with 表示“以……结尾;以……结束”；其反义词组为begin /start with表示“以……开始”。
He ended up this class with a joke. 他以一个笑话结束了他的这节课。
We often start /begin a class with a song.我们常常课前唱歌。
15. bring in , bring about, bring down, bring forward, bring out 和bring up
…but they also brought in some words from their own languages.
bring in 表示“带进来，请进来”；还 表示“赚得，生息，引进”；
bring about “带来， 造成”；
bring down “降低（物价，温度等）”；
bring forward “提出”；bring out “拿出”；
bring up “培养，抚养，呕吐”。
The host asked his servant to bring his guests in when they arrived.
当客人到达时，主人叫他的仆人把他们领进来。
Country music has become big business. It brings in 200 and 400 million dollars a year.
乡村音乐以经成了一个大行业，每年可以赚得二亿到四亿美圆的收入。
It is reform that has brought about great changes of our country.
是改革给我们祖国带来了巨大的变化。
The government should take some steps to bring down the price of food.
政府应当采取措施降低食品的价格。
The headmaster has already brought forward a new plan.
校长已经提出了一项新计划。
The boy was brought up by his grandfather. 这个男孩由他爷爷抚养大。
16. a great/ good many 和 a great deal of
There are a great many American Indian words, for example….
a great many 表示“ 许多”， 用来修饰可数名词复数，但是，如果它修饰的名词前有指示代词（these, those）或物主代词,人称代词的宾格时,many 后要加of;
a good/ large number of “许多”等短语都用来修饰可数名词;
a great deal of “许多”用来修饰不可数名词。
many a “很多”,后接单数可数名词,谓语动词要用单数 ；
quite a few=a good few “相当多，颇有几个”；。
Many a boy has been to the Great Wall. 许多男孩去过长城。
Recently a great many thieves have been caught by the policemen.
最近, 好多小偷被警察抓住。
A good many of his books were bought from that bookstore.
他的许多书都是从那家书店里买的。
A great many of us don't like speaking English in class.
我们当中许多人不喜欢在课堂上讲英语。
I have already made quite a few new friends in our school.
我已经在我们学校交了许多新朋友。
municate with 和 have a knowledge of
… communicate with people everywhere around the world through the Internet. With so many people communicating in English every day, we can see that it will be more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
communicate with表示“交流/交换（消息等）； 通信；通讯” ;
have a good knowledge of 分别和 “知晓，了解，有……的知识”。
e.g. These days people can communicate with each other by mobile .
如今,人们可以用手机相互通话。
A good many young people always complain of not being able to communicate with their parents. 许多年轻人总是抱怨自己无法与父母相互沟通。
The boy over there has a good knowledge of history.
那边的那个男孩有丰富的历史知识。
I have a little knowledge of computer. 我对电子计算机知识知之不多。
如果明天天晴的话,我将出去散步。
能力升华 (Developing Skills)
【知能演练】 从下列A,B,C,D中选出一个最佳答案:
1.The football match will _______next week.
A. come about B. happen C. take place D. break out
2.Do you think his jacket is _________ mine
A. the same B. the same as C. same D. the same like
3. I ______him at the beginning of this term at Puji Senior Middle School.
A. got to know B. know of C. knew D. had known
4.As time goes on, our school becomes ___________ beautiful.
A. more or less B. more and more C. sooner or later D. here and there
5.She was ______ praised by the headmaster last term.
A. deeply B. nearly C. widely D. highly
【拓展训练】仔细分析和观察下列各题的题干和备选项，然后从A,B,C.D中选出一个最佳答案：
1. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _______, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. (NMET1995)
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
2.Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. (NMET1993)
A. must B. can C. may D. will
3.______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. (NMET2000)
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
4.The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _____ absent for different reasons.(NMET1996)
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
5.Don't all talk at once! __________, please. (NMET1994)
A. Each at one time B. One by one time C. One for each time D. One at a time
单元检测 (Test for Unit 2)
I. 单项选择: (共15小题,每题1分,计15分)
1. ________ I came to the senior middle school , it was a new and big one.
A. For the first time B. The first time C. At the first time D. On the first time
2. Lao Wang came in, _______ by a group of students.
A. followed B. to follow C. following D. follows
3. The person was looking _______ at me.
A. direct B. indirect C. directly D. indirectly
4.--- _______ what do you mean
---- I think you should change your way of learning English.
A. Now that B. Now then C. Now and then D. Now
5.I_______ after the long journey.
A. am tired B. am tired of C. am tired with D. am tired out
6.Do you think she will do it ________
A. at all B. after all C. above all D. in all
7.---You don't need to ask, just_________.
--- Thanks a lot.
A. make yourself understand B. make yourself understood
C. make yourself at home D. make you at home
8.Corn was not the only food that was ______to Europe.
A. brought B. fetched C. got D. taken
9.It was not much better than a shed, and _______seemed to want it.
A. no one else B. nobody other C. other no one D. else no one
10.When she returned to the classroom, she remembered ________ her homework before.
A. to finish B. to have finished C. finishing D. having finished
11.Seeing that she was very sad, I ________her that .
A. regretted to tell B. regretted telling C. regretted having told D. regretted to have told
12._________, do you know where our English guest lives
A. By the way B. In this way C. On the way D. On my way
13. ________students learn English _____ a second language.
A. The number of; like B. The number; as C. A number of; as D. A number of; for
14.This term we study politics, Chinese, maths and so on ______English.
A. except B. besides C. except for D. except that
15.The person has ______good knowledge of Shaanxi .
A. a B. the C. an D./
II.完形填空: (共20小题,每题1.5分,共30分)
Body language is very important in communication. Studies 16 that only 7% of the communication in daily 17 is in words. Westerners except people 18 at each other 19 the eyes when they talk. If you don't do that while you 20 ,it may show that you do not like the person, 21 that you are not interested in what the person says. When 22 hands westerners will shake two or three times. Do not shake 23 westerner's hand for a long time. When a man shakes 24 a woman, it is 25 for the woman to hold 26 her hand first. In the west, 27 with one finger at a person while talking 28 means that the person 29 is speaking is criticizing(批评,指责)the person who 30 pointed at. Besides , men in English-speaking countries touch men much 31 than touch men in China. But men and women touch each other publicly 32 than men and women touch each other publicly in China.
Boy-friends and girl-friends often 33 hands, embrace(拥抱) or kiss in public. Good friends often 34 one another with a kiss 35 the check, if they are women or of opposite sexes(性别).
16. A. shows B. have C. show D. has
17. A. life B. lives C. live D. living
18.A. look B. looking C. looked D. to look
19.A. in B. with C. by D. to
20.A. see something B. read a book C. are talking D. are looking
21.A. or B. and C. but D. except
22.A. shaken B. shaking C. shake D. being shaken
23.A. / B. the C. a D. its
24.A. with B. to C. towards D. by
25.A. important B. better C. impolite D. worse
26.A. up B. on C. out D. back
27.A.point B. pointing C. pointed D. points
28.A.usually B. loudly C. fast D. slowly
29.A.whom B. which C. who D. whose
30.A.is B. are C. was D. were
31.A.more B. less C. longer D. harder
32. A. often B. much often C. too often D. more often
33.A. hold B. touch C. wave D. show
34.A.greet B. greet with C. greet to D. greets
35.A. in B. to C. on D. for
III.阅读理解: (共10小题,每题2分,共20分)
A
Someone said that the present society is one of money and relationships. Someone else said it was quite fair to use the scholarship(奖学金)to make friends happy. I don't agree with this viewpoint. First, we college students have no income, and we have no right to spend our parents' money on such meaningless things. On the other hand, if everyone just thinks of what advantages he can get from others, who will work hard to make progress
So I think that the individuals who have made contributions(贡献)should be rewarded, and others should regard it as motivation(激发,促使)to fight for their own success. It is only in this way that creativity(创造力)and enthusiasm(热心,渴慕)will be stimulated(激励,鼓舞).I hope that the next time I get a scholarship, I will not have to worry about how to deal with this money.
36. The passage mainly tells us that at present__________.
A. one should do with the scholarship correctly when he or she gets it for their better studying at university.
B. some students have used their money to entertain friends
C. the writer is a good student at college.
D. The writer has a better hope
37.The word underlined(划线) in the first paragraph may mean________.
A. 进来 B. 引进 C. 收入 D. 浪费
38. Which of the following is NOT true _________.
A. The college students have no right to entertain their friends using their parents' money
B. It is unfair to spent the scholarship doing these useless things
C. What advantages someone can get from others, he or she will make rapid progress.
D. The present society is not only depending on money and relationship
39.According to the writer's viewpoint, if one has made great contributions , he or she should _______.
A. be given scholarship B. use their scholarship making others happy
C. not get money D. not be encouraged
40.From the writer's viewpoint, we can guess that he would __________if he got a scholarship the next time.
A. refused to get it B. give it to the poor students C. work harder at his subjects D. throw it away
B
I will graduate from university this year. Now I really know what the saying "how times flies" means. I still remember clearly the first day I entered the university. I miss the times that have passed, but on the other hand, I must consider what I should do in the future.
Though my major is technology, sometimes I think business and management is more suitable for me. Somebody told me that I should go on studying and get a master's degree because sometimes a higher degree means a better job and more money. Another opinion is that I should go abroad and continue my studies because I could experience a new environment and I could learn more things.
From my point of view, I'd like to work for one or two years and then I will be able to see what kind of knowledge I lack and be able to go back to study with a definite aim.
41. From this passage, we can infer that ________.
A. the writer regretted that he had wasted much time
B. the writer was very happy that many persons gave him advice
C. the writer could recall what he had remembered the first day
D. the writer knew that he would graduate soon
42.The saying "how times flies" mentioned in the article means_________.
A.时间象飞一样 B.光阴似箭 C.时间飞得多么快 D. 苍蝇在飞
43.In the writer's opinion, _______ will be suitable for him.
A. a clerk B. a teacher C. a skilled worker D. a business man
44.Which of the following is True _________.
A. A higher degree must mean a better job
B. A master must earn more money
C. Experiencing a new environment must be better for a person
D. Knowing oneself is more important
45.Which of the following is Not true _________.
A. When a person knows what mistake he has made, he must knows what he will do in the future
B. When someone gives you some advice, you'd better consider it yourself
C. The advice from others must be right
D. When you study at a school or a university , you have to treasure(珍惜) the time
IV.短文改错:(共10小题,每题1分,共10分) (NMET2002)
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, it's famous 46._________
mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 47._________
was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 48._________
the mountain. The three of them were very excited. As we 49.__________
climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples 50._________
and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 51._________
since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 52._________
Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 53._________
of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service 54._________
was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 55._________
head touched the pillow.
V. 书面表达: (共25分)
根据以下内容写一篇100-120词的英语文章，说明电话的用途。
1. 电话是今天最受欢迎，用处最大的电器之一。
2. 我们在日常生活中离不开电话。
3. 移动电话的发明使信息交流更加方便快捷。
4. 在外学习的学生和工作的人员常常用电话缩短了他们与家人的距离。
5. 遇到紧急情况可以打电话求助。
6. 通过电话可以询问产品的信息。
知能聚焦 (Language Points )
单 词和短 语 bathroom towel closet pronounce broad repeat majority native total tongue equal government situation international organization trade tourism global communicate communication exchange service signal movement commander tidy stand independent fall expression typhoon publish southern president European howl cookbook compare replace make oneself at home in total except for stay up come about end up with bring in a great/good many at the same time for the first time be tired communicate with have some difficulty in doing sth have a knowledge of mother tongue
主 要句 型 That's why…;if you'll excuse me now; while的用法；v+疑问词+不定式;there you are; must表示"推测"的用法;过去分词作后置定语的用法等。
语 法 Directions and Indirections (2)
课前热身 (Warming up)
1. 背景知识 (background)
英语小知识。
英语词汇之所以庞大而居世界之首，是因为它广开门户，善于吸收各种语言的词汇为己有，其中以吸收法语、拉丁语、希腊语为主。英语本族语是指盎格鲁撒克逊民族流传下来的词汇，它的特点是词形短、词义多、构词能力强。例如go在《新英汉词典》中不及物用法有21种；及物用法有4种；名词用法有10种；形容词用法有2种。再如man可以构成下列 airman, fireman ,ploughman , workman , postman, chairman, Englishman, manhood, manly, manlike, manful, manhole, man-cating , manslaughter, man power合成词、派生词等词。英国学者C.K.Ogden和I.A.Richards 于1920年曾提出Basic English,其词汇量只有850多个。他们的目的就是想减轻外国人学英语的负担，只用一些有限的词汇来表达思想和进行交际。
今天的美国英语就是17世纪英国殖民者当时带到美洲大陆上来的。18世纪美国独立战争后，美国人民的民族情绪在语言问题上也表现出来了， 出现了Noah Webster等人，积极倡导美国语言（Americanism）。Webster身体力行，于1828年编辑出版了许多教科书和词典。200多年来，美国英语产生了许多有别于英国英语的地方，其中最重要的变化当然是词汇了。
英国英语和美国英语在词汇方面的差异是：
第一、拼写不同。Webster式美国英语拼写法要比英国拼法较为合理。
a.美式拼写更符合读音规则。例如：
英 美
theatre theater
labour labor
b.美式拼写省去重写的字母。例如：
英 美
programme program
cigarette cigaret
c.美式拼写省去不发音的字母。例如：
英 美
axe ax
good-bye good-by
d.美式拼写改变了一些不规则动词。例如：
英 美
burnt burned
smelt smelled
e.其它不同形式。例如：
英 美
cheque check
tyre tire
第二、同词异义。例如：
英 美
vest 内衫，汗衣 西服背心
pants 短裤 裤子
第三、同义异词。例如：
英 美 英 美
铁路 railway railroad 卡车 lorry truck
行李 luggage baggage 公寓 flat apartment
电梯 lift elevator 糖果 sweets candy
电影 film movie 秋天 autumn fall
有意思地是，词汇的不同有时侯连英美人自己也 搞不清楚，甚至会产生笑话。例如，爱尔兰的剧作家St.John Green Ervine第一次世界大战后到美国，当时他还没有注意到英美英语词汇的差异。所以，有一次当他去一个美国家庭作客时，看到主妇非常朴实，使人不受拘束。于是，他就赞美她说：“You are very homely.”结果，这话一出口，局面就很尴尬。为什么？因为homely在英国表示“诚朴”；在美国表示“丑陋，不漂亮”。他本想恭维主人，结果成了侮辱她。
2.话题 (topics) Why can't he find the bathroom
What is it that Joe can't find in the bathroom
Why doesn't an American understand an English person ….
读写指导 (Instructions for Reading and Writing)
1.Reading English Around The World
Paragraph 1. English is spoken as mother tongue and as a second language.
Paragraph 2. Many people learn English as a foreign language.
Paragraph 3. Many people communicate in English every day
2.Writing
c. How to write Key sentences
b.Write a short passage about the differences between American and British English
c. conclusion.
【习文练习】假定你是一名来自农村的学生，在城镇学习了几年。通过对比使你觉得农村和城镇的生活各有
利弊。请按下列要点写一篇文章。
1． 在城镇，样样事情都很便利，学校、商店都很近；交通比较便利。
2． 同时，电影、戏剧等可供选择的范围很广。
3． 在城镇，每时每刻都有令人感兴趣的事情，可供选择的活动场所很多。
4． 但是，在农村，人口不多，空气新鲜，环境优美，寂静美好，农村人待人友好，乐于助人，生活费用较低，食品便宜。
注意：1.根据以上要写一篇100 词左右的说明文；
2.可参考的词语：quiet, beautiful, clean, friendly, helpful, cheap, wide , convenient(便利的，方便的) ,
close ,regular ,easy等。
One possible version:
Life Between the Town and the Country
I have lived in the town for nearly two years, but before that I lived with my family in a village about a hundred miles away from here. Life is very different in the two places, but there are things that I like about each of them.
In the country it is quiet and beautiful since there are not many people. The air is clean, and there is beautiful scenery all around. The people who live in the country seem friendly and helpful to their neighbors. The cost of living is low there, because food is usually cheap. I also like living in the town. In the town there are interesting things to do all the time. People have a big choice of activities. There is a wide selection of movies, and most of the theatres are good. Everything is convenient here, since in the town I can live close to a lot of shops and schools. At the same time, traffic is very good, so it is not hard to go from one place to another.
I am very happy in the country, but there are good chances for work and study in the town, therefore, I will probably stay here for a period of time and work hard at all my subjects.
要点解析 (Key Points Analysis)
1. Joe is an American who has come to Britain for the first time.
此句中的 for the first time 是介词短语,表示"首次,第一次",在句中作状语;类似的短语有for the second time, 第二次;for the last time,最后一次。与for the first time 意思一样的短语还有the first time,但the first time 为名词短语,常用来引导时间状语从句。
The first time I came to Xianyang , it was very old .
我第一次来咸阳时, 它非常破旧。
When we met each other for the first time, I felt very ashamed from the countryside.
当我们第一次见面时, 我为自己来自乡下而羞愧不己。
2. be tired, be tired of, be tired with/ from 和be tired out
You must be very tired.
此句中的be tired 表示"疲劳的,累的";
与此短语结构相类似的短语还有：
be tired of "对……感到厌烦,厌倦";
be tired with/from "由于……而感到疲劳";
be tired out " 累得筋疲力尽"。
After studying all the week. I was very tired .
经过一周的学习， 我非常累。
My brother is tired out after the work for the whole day.
整天的工作使得我哥哥累得筋疲力尽。
He was tired with riding the bicycle for a long time.
我因长时间地骑自行车而疲惫不堪。
At the beginning , I was interested in English, while now I am tired of it.
起初， 我对英语非常感兴趣，然而， 现在我对它却非常厌烦。
3. now (then), now that, now and then 和now and again
Now then, did you have a good flight
now then 表示说话者的语气，有“说明，命令，请求，警告，安慰”的意思。 now that 表示“既然， 由于”。
now and then 和now and again一样都表示“时而， 不时”的意思。
Now then listen to me, Tom. 汤姆,且听我讲。（表示命令）
----Er,…er,…I…… 哦!哦!….我….
-----Now then what do you mean 你到底是什么意思 (表示不耐烦)
Now that you come to this school, you should study hard.
既然你来这所学校, 你应当刻苦学习。
Last term, I often went to the cinema now and then.
上学期， 我经常去看电影。
4. …just make yourself at home.
此句中的make yourself at home 表示“请随便一点，别客气，不要拘谨”，是招待客人时的客套用语。类似的还有help yourself (to)。
---Could I use your cup 我可以用一下你杯子吗？
---Make yourself at home.别客气！
5. Harry, bring these two pizzas to Mr.Thompson on Broad Street, number12.
这里的bring 和 take, fetch, get, carry等一样都含有“带，拿”等意思。
bring“拿来，带来”，强调从别处带来某人某物；
take“拿走，带走”， 强调带着某物或某人离开说话人所在的地方；
fetch 表示go and get，“去取”，含有“往返”之意 ；
get常用在口语中 ；
carry不同于其它四个词，它表示“携带，搬运”， 强调物体随身移动 。
6.. Don't forget to buy me some ketchup on your way back.
forget to do sth短语,即“忘记去做某事”；
forget doing sth 表示“忘记已经做过某事”。
Don't forget to bring me the book you have borrowed from me tomorrow.
明天别忘记带上你曾经借我的那本书。
---Why do you go to the classroom again 你为什么还要再去教室
---Oh! I forgot having finished my homework. 哦! 我忘了已经做完作业了。
类似的短语还有: a. remember to do something “记着要去做某事”
b. remember doing something “记着已经做了某事”
c. regret to do something “对将要做的事情感到遗憾”
d. regret doing something “对已做过的事情感到遗憾”
7. In total, for more than 375 million people English is ….
in total表示“总共，合计”；
in all,表示“总计， 全部”。
In total, I spent 1200 yuan on the cost of schooling this term.
这学期, 我总共花了1200 元的学费。
There are 35 boys in our class in all. 我们总共有三十五名男生。
8. mother tongue, mother language, native language 和a second language
mother tongue=mother language=native language,都表示“母语，本族语”；
a second language 表示“第二语言”。
Chinese is our mother tongue/native language/mother language.
汉语是我们的母语。
Each of us in our class should learn English as a second language.
在我们班上，每个人都应当把英语当作 第二语言来学习。
9. An equal number of people learn English as a second language.
However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million.
从以上两句不难看出，a number of 表示“许多”， 修饰复数名词，number前可加large, great , good等词,即:a good/ great/ large number of；含有a number of 的句子谓语动词用复数。
the number of 表示“……的数目”，强调数字；含有the number of 的句子谓语动词用单数。
The number of students in Puji Senior Middle School is nearly 4000.
普集高中有近四千学生。
At present, a large number of students dare speak English in class.
目前， 许多学生敢在课堂上讲英语。
10. except for , except, except that, except when, except+不定式 和besides
In China students learn English at school as a foreign language，except for those in Hong Kong.
except for “ 只是, 只有(在说明基本情况后, 对某些细节问题加以纠正,强调不足)；
except “除……之外”，并不包括except之后的内容，这是该词与but 意思相同。它常与不定代词everything, everybody, nothing, everyone, all 或副词everywhere, always, usually, every+noun 连用；
except that从句表示“除知道……，其他一无所知”；
except when从句 表示“除了……(该从句表时间)”；
except+ 不定式表示“除了干某事，未做 别的事”，此结构常与nothing连用；
besides则是“除……之外”，包括之后的内容，含有“除……之外(还有)”之意，常与代词anyone else, the other, others, another或副词also, too 连用。
This piece of clothes is very good except for its light color.
这件衣服不错，只是颜色有点浅。
Except for your bad handwriting, your composition is very good.
除了你的书写糟糕外，你的作文还不错。
He is good at every subject except English.
除了英语，其它各门功课他都擅长。
He is good at other subjects besides English.
除了英语，他还擅长其它课程。
She knows nothing about me except that I teach English at school.
她只知道我在学校教英语，其它她一无所知。
I learned nothing except to know the topic in this class.
这节课我除了知道标题外，其它一无所学。
I often stay at home except when it is fine. 除了晴天，我经常呆在家中。
11.…English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world.
widely ,adv,表示“广泛地”等抽象意义；
wide adj/adv，表示“宽的/地，大的/地”等具体意义。注意wide 与 widely 在句中与动词的位置。
I opened my mouth wide at the sad news in surprise.
听到这悲伤的消息，我吃惊地张大嘴巴。
At present, both English and computers have been widely spoken and used .
12. come about, happen, take place 和 break out
How did these differences come about
此句中的come about 同happen ，take place ，break out 一样都表示“发生”，都属于不及物动词,但它们的用法不同。
come about “发生，产生”，着重指解释或说明事情发生的理由， 且经常与how 连用；
happen “发生”，属普通词汇，指偶然的，意外的，指自发的未能预见的事情发生；
take place “发生”， 指事件或事故的发生是在预料中的并非偶然发生的；
break out “发生，爆发”，着重指战争，火灾，疾病的突然发生。
How does the difference come about between “come about ”and “happen”？
“come about ”和 “happen ”之间的差异是怎样产生的？
At the end of 2003，Bird flu broke out in many countries.
2003 年末，许多国家爆发了禽流感。
The May 4th Movement took place in China in 1919. 1919年中国发生了五．四 运动。
What happened to you？你发生了什么事？
13. at the same time, at one time 和 at a time
At the same time ，British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages，…
at the same time 表示“ 同时”， 可在句首，句中和句末 ；
at one time表示“曾经，一度”，指过去一段时间，可置于句首或句末；
at a time 表示“每次， 一次”，常与数词one， two等连用。
According to the rule, each student can borrow only three books at a time.
按规定，每个学生每次只能借三本书。
The girl laughed and cried at the same time. 这个姑娘又哭又笑。
At one time, I didn't understand our English teacher in class at the beginning of this term.
本学期初，我曾经有一段时间上课根本听不懂我们英语老师的课。
14. end up with 和 begin/start with
At the same time, British English and American English started / began borrowing words
上句划线部分end up with =close with 表示“以……结尾;以……结束”；其反义词组为begin /start with表示“以……开始”。
He ended up this class with a joke. 他以一个笑话结束了他的这节课。
We often start /begin a class with a song.我们常常课前唱歌。
15. bring in , bring about, bring down, bring forward, bring out 和bring up
…but they also brought in some words from their own languages.
bring in 表示“带进来，请进来”；还 表示“赚得，生息，引进”；
bring about “带来， 造成”；
bring down “降低（物价，温度等）”；
bring forward “提出”；bring out “拿出”；
bring up “培养，抚养，呕吐”。
The host asked his servant to bring his guests in when they arrived.
当客人到达时，主人叫他的仆人把他们领进来。
Country music has become big business. It brings in 200 and 400 million dollars a year.
乡村音乐以经成了一个大行业，每年可以赚得二亿到四亿美圆的收入。
It is reform that has brought about great changes of our country.
是改革给我们祖国带来了巨大的变化。
The government should take some steps to bring down the price of food.
政府应当采取措施降低食品的价格。
The headmaster has already brought forward a new plan.
校长已经提出了一项新计划。
The boy was brought up by his grandfather. 这个男孩由他爷爷抚养大。
16. a great/ good many 和 a great deal of
There are a great many American Indian words, for example….
a great many 表示“ 许多”， 用来修饰可数名词复数，但是，如果它修饰的名词前有指示代词（these, those）或物主代词,人称代词的宾格时,many 后要加of;
a good/ large number of “许多”等短语都用来修饰可数名词;
a great deal of “许多”用来修饰不可数名词。
many a “很多”,后接单数可数名词,谓语动词要用单数 ；
quite a few=a good few “相当多，颇有几个”；。
Many a boy has been to the Great Wall. 许多男孩去过长城。
Recently a great many thieves have been caught by the policemen.
最近, 好多小偷被警察抓住。
A good many of his books were bought from that bookstore.
他的许多书都是从那家书店里买的。
A great many of us don't like speaking English in class.
我们当中许多人不喜欢在课堂上讲英语。
I have already made quite a few new friends in our school.
我已经在我们学校交了许多新朋友。
municate with 和 have a knowledge of
… communicate with people everywhere around the world through the Internet. With so many people communicating in English every day, we can see that it will be more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
communicate with表示“交流/交换（消息等）； 通信；通讯” ;
have a good knowledge of 分别和 “知晓，了解，有……的知识”。
e.g. These days people can communicate with each other by mobile .
如今,人们可以用手机相互通话。
A good many young people always complain of not being able to communicate with their parents. 许多年轻人总是抱怨自己无法与父母相互沟通。
The boy over there has a good knowledge of history.
那边的那个男孩有丰富的历史知识。
I have a little knowledge of computer. 我对电子计算机知识知之不多。
如果明天天晴的话,我将出去散步。
能力升华 (Developing Skills)
【知能演练】 从下列A,B,C,D中选出一个最佳答案:
1.The football match will _______next week.
A. come about B. happen C. take place D. break out
2.Do you think his jacket is _________ mine
A. the same B. the same as C. same D. the same like
3. I ______him at the beginning of this term at Puji Senior Middle School.
A. got to know B. know of C. knew D. had known
4.As time goes on, our school becomes ___________ beautiful.
A. more or less B. more and more C. sooner or later D. here and there
5.She was ______ praised by the headmaster last term.
A. deeply B. nearly C. widely D. highly
【拓展训练】仔细分析和观察下列各题的题干和备选项，然后从A,B,C.D中选出一个最佳答案：
1. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _______, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. (NMET1995)
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
2.Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. (NMET1993)
A. must B. can C. may D. will
3.______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. (NMET2000)
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
4.The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _____ absent for different reasons.(NMET1996)
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
5.Don't all talk at once! __________, please. (NMET1994)
A. Each at one time B. One by one time C. One for each time D. One at a time
单元检测 (Test for Unit 2)
I. 单项选择: (共15小题,每题1分,计15分)
1. ________ I came to the senior middle school , it was a new and big one.
A. For the first time B. The first time C. At the first time D. On the first time
2. Lao Wang came in, _______ by a group of students.
A. followed B. to follow C. following D. follows
3. The person was looking _______ at me.
A. direct B. indirect C. directly D. indirectly
4.--- _______ what do you mean
---- I think you should change your way of learning English.
A. Now that B. Now then C. Now and then D. Now
5.I_______ after the long journey.
A. am tired B. am tired of C. am tired with D. am tired out
6.Do you think she will do it ________
A. at all B. after all C. above all D. in all
7.---You don't need to ask, just_________.
--- Thanks a lot.
A. make yourself understand B. make yourself understood
C. make yourself at home D. make you at home
8.Corn was not the only food that was ______to Europe.
A. brought B. fetched C. got D. taken
9.It was not much better than a shed, and _______seemed to want it.
A. no one else B. nobody other C. other no one D. else no one
10.When she returned to the classroom, she remembered ________ her homework before.
A. to finish B. to have finished C. finishing D. having finished
11.Seeing that she was very sad, I ________her that .
A. regretted to tell B. regretted telling C. regretted having told D. regretted to have told
12._________, do you know where our English guest lives
A. By the way B. In this way C. On the way D. On my way
13. ________students learn English _____ a second language.
A. The number of; like B. The number; as C. A number of; as D. A number of; for
14.This term we study politics, Chinese, maths and so on ______English.
A. except B. besides C. except for D. except that
15.The person has ______good knowledge of Shaanxi .
A. a B. the C. an D./
II.完形填空: (共20小题,每题1.5分,共30分)
Body language is very important in communication. Studies 16 that only 7% of the communication in daily 17 is in words. Westerners except people 18 at each other 19 the eyes when they talk. If you don't do that while you 20 ,it may show that you do not like the person, 21 that you are not interested in what the person says. When 22 hands westerners will shake two or three times. Do not shake 23 westerner's hand for a long time. When a man shakes 24 a woman, it is 25 for the woman to hold 26 her hand first. In the west, 27 with one finger at a person while talking 28 means that the person 29 is speaking is criticizing(批评,指责)the person who 30 pointed at. Besides , men in English-speaking countries touch men much 31 than touch men in China. But men and women touch each other publicly 32 than men and women touch each other publicly in China.
Boy-friends and girl-friends often 33 hands, embrace(拥抱) or kiss in public. Good friends often 34 one another with a kiss 35 the check, if they are women or of opposite sexes(性别).
16. A. shows B. have C. show D. has
17. A. life B. lives C. live D. living
18.A. look B. looking C. looked D. to look
19.A. in B. with C. by D. to
20.A. see something B. read a book C. are talking D. are looking
21.A. or B. and C. but D. except
22.A. shaken B. shaking C. shake D. being shaken
23.A. / B. the C. a D. its
24.A. with B. to C. towards D. by
25.A. important B. better C. impolite D. worse
26.A. up B. on C. out D. back
27.A.point B. pointing C. pointed D. points
28.A.usually B. loudly C. fast D. slowly
29.A.whom B. which C. who D. whose
30.A.is B. are C. was D. were
31.A.more B. less C. longer D. harder
32. A. often B. much often C. too often D. more often
33.A. hold B. touch C. wave D. show
34.A.greet B. greet with C. greet to D. greets
35.A. in B. to C. on D. for
III.阅读理解: (共10小题,每题2分,共20分)
A
Someone said that the present society is one of money and relationships. Someone else said it was quite fair to use the scholarship(奖学金)to make friends happy. I don't agree with this viewpoint. First, we college students have no income, and we have no right to spend our parents' money on such meaningless things. On the other hand, if everyone just thinks of what advantages he can get from others, who will work hard to make progress
So I think that the individuals who have made contributions(贡献)should be rewarded, and others should regard it as motivation(激发,促使)to fight for their own success. It is only in this way that creativity(创造力)and enthusiasm(热心,渴慕)will be stimulated(激励,鼓舞).I hope that the next time I get a scholarship, I will not have to worry about how to deal with this money.
36. The passage mainly tells us that at present__________.
A. one should do with the scholarship correctly when he or she gets it for their better studying at university.
B. some students have used their money to entertain friends
C. the writer is a good student at college.
D. The writer has a better hope
37.The word underlined(划线) in the first paragraph may mean________.
A. 进来 B. 引进 C. 收入 D. 浪费
38. Which of the following is NOT true _________.
A. The college students have no right to entertain their friends using their parents' money
B. It is unfair to spent the scholarship doing these useless things
C. What advantages someone can get from others, he or she will make rapid progress.
D. The present society is not only depending on money and relationship
39.According to the writer's viewpoint, if one has made great contributions , he or she should _______.
A. be given scholarship B. use their scholarship making others happy
C. not get money D. not be encouraged
40.From the writer's viewpoint, we can guess that he would __________if he got a scholarship the next time.
A. refused to get it B. give it to the poor students C. work harder at his subjects D. throw it away
B
I will graduate from university this year. Now I really know what the saying "how times flies" means. I still remember clearly the first day I entered the university. I miss the times that have passed, but on the other hand, I must consider what I should do in the future.
Though my major is technology, sometimes I think business and management is more suitable for me. Somebody told me that I should go on studying and get a master's degree because sometimes a higher degree means a better job and more money. Another opinion is that I should go abroad and continue my studies because I could experience a new environment and I could learn more things.
From my point of view, I'd like to work for one or two years and then I will be able to see what kind of knowledge I lack and be able to go back to study with a definite aim.
41. From this passage, we can infer that ________.
A. the writer regretted that he had wasted much time
B. the writer was very happy that many persons gave him advice
C. the writer could recall what he had remembered the first day
D. the writer knew that he would graduate soon
42.The saying "how times flies" mentioned in the article means_________.
A.时间象飞一样 B.光阴似箭 C.时间飞得多么快 D. 苍蝇在飞
43.In the writer's opinion, _______ will be suitable for him.
A. a clerk B. a teacher C. a skilled worker D. a business man
44.Which of the following is True _________.
A. A higher degree must mean a better job
B. A master must earn more money
C. Experiencing a new environment must be better for a person
D. Knowing oneself is more important
45.Which of the following is Not true _________.
A. When a person knows what mistake he has made, he must knows what he will do in the future
B. When someone gives you some advice, you'd better consider it yourself
C. The advice from others must be right
D. When you study at a school or a university , you have to treasure(珍惜) the time
IV.短文改错:(共10小题,每题1分,共10分) (NMET2002)
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, it's famous 46._________
mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 47._________
was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 48._________
the mountain. The three of them were very excited. As we 49.__________
climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples 50._________
and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 51._________
since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 52._________
Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 53._________
of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service 54._________
was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 55._________
head touched the pillow.
V. 书面表达: (共25分)
根据以下内容写一篇100-120词的英语文章，说明电话的用途。
1. 电话是今天最受欢迎，用处最大的电器之一。
2. 我们在日常生活中离不开电话。
3. 移动电话的发明使信息交流更加方便快捷。
4. 在外学习的学生和工作的人员常常用电话缩短了他们与家人的距离。
5. 遇到紧急情况可以打电话求助。
6. 通过电话可以询问产品的信息。