2005年浙江高考英语阅卷启示
宁波万里国际学校高三英语组 刘发响
2005年浙江省高考英语阅卷于6月11---19日在浙江工业大学进行。和2004年一样,客观题用电子扫描,主观题部分仍然实行网上阅卷。
单词拼写和改错部分由来自杭州8所高校的研究生批阅。
作文部分由来自浙江省各地重点中学的教师和部分大学教师批阅。
下面我就阅卷过程中得到的一些信息向大家汇报,希望你们能从中得到启示:
一)单词拼写
1. 时态错误。
72.The rain c____________ for days, so we couldn’t go out to play.
(continued / continues)
多引导学生分析句子,根据句意,时间状语,前后一致来把握句子时态。
2. 易混单词。
71.Martin i___________ me to the New Year’s party and introduced me to his friends.
(invited / invented)
74. Modern m___________ has cured many diseases that used to kill many people.
(medicine / machine / medical)
让学生牢记形似词和派生词:
medal metal model modern / envelope, develop / invite, invent / machine ,medicine
describe description / explain explanation / pronounce , pronunciation /
similar, familiar / shade, shadow / punish, publish / decision , discussion
3. 易拼错单词。
66.The telephone rang, and he answered it i_______________. (immediately)
68. Cabbage, carrots, and tomatoes are my favorite v_____________. (vegetables)
75. Our next-door n_______ says she’ll look after our cat while we’re away. (neighbor)
应让学生多记忆一些发音不规则和易拼错的词:
February , Wednesday, ninth, twelfth, twentieth , foreigner, obviously, convenient, librarian, appreciate, temperature , persuade, thorough, umbrella, grammar, passenger, Christmas, knowledge, restaurant, daughter, favorite , government, environment… etc.
4. 不规则动词的过去式,过去分词。
70.The article was w_________ in German and translated into Chinese. (written)
牢记易错不规则动词的过去式,过去分词,现在分词:
spread broadcast beat catch teach take ride forbid freeze choose shake
swim begin come become hide drive fly grow fall feel make spend
hold sweep hang lie lay run break steal awake blow rise … etc.
5. 送分题目。
67.Zhejiang is f________ for tea and silk. (famous)
69. Pauline had a ring on her f_________, so I guessed she was married. (finger)
73. Fill in the form with your name, home a________, and phone number. (address)
牢记一些常见的单词。
应注意的问题:
1.字母的大小写 2. 首写字母应一起写入答卷 3. 书写清晰,工整
二)短文改错
应注意的问题:
1. 答题规范(﹨ √ ∧ ____ 等符号的正确使用)
2. 别将答题纸上的题号与试卷上的题号搞错
3. 字母大小写正确
4. 书写清晰,工整
At first I was not quite willing to sit down and
watched the 90-minute football match. Usually I just 76. watch___
checked the results because I thought that∧ was dull 77. it_______
to watch a game in which players kicked a ball∧ each 78. to______
other. Therefore, my father loves football. During the 79. However
World Cup in 2002, my dad stays up late just to watch 80. stayed___
his favorite sport. Seeing his strong interest in this 81. √____
game of 22 men run after a ball, I decided to sit down 82. running__
to watch the game. I found the game excited, and my 83. exciting__
dad explained for the rules. We shared our joy. Football 84. for
is not too badly as long as I watch it with my dad! 85. bad___
二)书面表达(30分)
你的英国朋友正在做一个课题:世界各地的生日庆祝方式。他请你介绍中国学生过生的方式。请你根据一下要点写一篇短文:
一,通常方式
1. 生日聚会
2. 生日礼物
3. 生日祝福
二,我认为更有意义的庆祝方式和理由
? 词数 100-120
一、评分原则
1. 本题总分为30分,按5个档次给分。
2. 评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量,确定或调整,最后给分。
3. 词数少于90,从总分中减去2分。
4. 评分时应注意的主要内容为:内容要点,应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连惯性。
5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予于考虑。英,美拼写及用法均可接受。
6. 如书写较差,以至影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。
二、内容要点
1. 中国学生通常过生日的方式:
? 生日聚会
? 生日礼物
? 生日祝福
2. 我认为有意义的庆祝方式
3. 这样做的目的和理由
三、各档次的给分范围和要求
第五档(25-30分)
完成试题规定的全部任务
? 覆盖所有内容要点
? 应用较多的语法结构和词汇
? 语法结构和词汇方面有;具备较强的语言应用能力。
? 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使文章结构紧凑
? 完全达到了预期的写作目的
第四档(19-24分)
完成试题规定的主要任务
? 虽漏掉一两个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容
? 应用了语法结构和词汇能够满足任务的要求
? 语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致
? 应用简单的语句间连接成分,使全文结构紧凑
? 达到了预期的写作目的
Possible version:
Chinese students celebrate their birthdays in different ways, but the most common way is to hold a birthday party, at which friends get together to have fun drinking, singing and dancing. On the birthday, one usually receives nice gifts and good wishes from friends and parents. Sometimes, parents will prepare a special dinner or a cake to show their love for their children.
Since birthday celebration is one of the important activities in one’s life, it can be done in more meaningful ways. For example, we can buy some flowers or cook a delicious meal for our mothers on that day. In this way, we express thanks to our parents in return for their love.
考生答题主要问题:从今年的高考英语阅卷中可以看出,考生的语言基础知识十分不扎实,具体表现为:单词拼写不准确、句子结构不完整、语言表达不正确、语篇前后不连贯等。书写不清楚,影响阅卷员判分。作文部分(包括短文改错部分)采用网上人工评卷对考生的书写要求高于一般的人工阅卷,2005年英语阅卷中,有2‰的问题卷都是由书写字迹不清所致。实行网上阅卷,对考生书写所用笔的规格有统一要求,但有的考生使用铅笔或其他劣质笔具做主观题部分,有的书写不规范,有的字体潦草,有的涂改频繁,这些情况都给阅卷带来不少困难。不按考试要求自行其是。尤其在短文改错中,不按题目说明我行我素,出现了不符合规定的多种解题组合,有的标记符号错误但答案正确,这给阅卷工作带来很大困惑。有的考生在做客观题部分时,将答题纸上的题号与试卷上的题号搞错,如把第5题的答案写在第6题上,一直错位到底。这种情况在高度紧张的高考考生中时有发生。也有局部错位的情况,考生交卷后压根儿没察觉,导致感觉良好但成绩不理想的结果。
英语基本功很重要根据在今年英语阅卷中发现的错误,考生应在复习迎考中注意以下一些事项。1.加强基础知识中学阶段是学生学习英语的基础阶段,学生必须掌握一些最基础的语言知识,如一定的词汇量、基本的语法概念等,这是语言运用能力提高、语言综合素质发展的基础。考生应在对语言的理解、体验、运用的基础上,学习语言、巩固基础。2.重视英语阅读提高综合素质练习阅读时,除了要考的题型作一定量的针对性练习外,凡有英语材料的报刊、杂志……都要读,以此来扩大知识面、增大信息量。产生语感、增强阅读能力,达到由量变到质变。做练习时要克服心浮气躁的心态,要沉下心来。千万不要以为复习就是做练习。必须针对自己的具体问题去查漏补缺,万不可眉毛胡子一把抓。除了在练习时要注意准确性和速度外,更要在练习后去感悟与反思,体察做对和做错的原因,切不可以为题做得越多越好。3.听,默,背100篇《新概念英语》第二册中的一些文章。这些文章短,小,精,学生容易完成,有成就感。一定要篇篇过关,100篇之后写作效果会明显凸现。
考浙江卷 英语最新解读 今年3月底,我省首次对自主命题的语文、数学、英语三科组织编写《考试说明》,明确考试内容、要求和形式,并以参考样卷的形式给出今年高考卷的结构模式,包括题型、题量、分值。为方便我市考生依据考试说明,更有针对性地进行最后的复习备考,本报教育周刊特邀温州市教育教学研究院专家对《考试说明》进行最新解读。 温州市教育教学研究院 郑秋秋 今年是我省高考英语自行命题的第二年,也是近几年高考英语题型调整、分值分布变化最大的一次。由于招生工作实际等具体情况,省教育厅决定暂时停止今年考外语的听力考试,原听力测试所占分值加在笔试卷中,满分仍为150分,考试时间不变。今年省高等院校招生办首次组织编写的高考英语《考试说明》及变化具体分析如下:一、考试说明总论今年高考英语仍由第I卷和第II卷两部分组成。第I卷包括第一、二部分,为客观性试题。第II卷即第三部分,为主观性试题。第一部分:英语知识运用本部分共分两节,测试考生对英语语法、词汇知识和简单表达形式的掌握情况。第一节“语法和词汇知识”(往年的“单项填空”),该部分共计20小题,比去年增加5小题,每小题1分。第二节“完形填空”的题数与分值不变。第二部分:阅读理解本部分测试考生英语阅读能力。该部分由原来的一节内容(5篇文章20小题,每小题2分),又增设一节,即增加了第二节的任务型阅读(5小题,每小题2分)。该节要求考生根据所提供的阅读材料,从所给的6个选项(A、B、C、D和F)中选出符合各小题要求的最佳选项。选项中有一项是多余选项。第三部分:写作本部分测试不同层次的书面表达知识和能力。该部分由原来的两节(短文改错、书面表达)变成三节,即增设一节“单词拼写”的考查。“单词拼写”要求考生根据单词的首字母,写出单词的正确形式。使句子结构完整,意思明确。由此可见,原来听力部分在试卷中所占的分值(30分)、题数(20小题)分别加在以下题型中:1、“语法和词汇知识”5分,5小题。2、“阅读理解”中的第二节任务型阅读10分,5题。3、“写作”中的第一节“单词拼写”10分,10小题。4、“写作”中的第二节“书面表达”'由原来的25分增加到30分。字数:100-120二、试卷结构 三、命题趋势与特点剖析从2004年我省高考英语答题情况和就05年浙江省《考试说明》的样卷分析,我们大致对今年高考英语命题思路及特点做以下推测:1、语法和词汇知识去年“单项填空”个别小题干扰项的干扰强度有所增大,可以推断今年“语法和词汇知识”部分的难度会得到有效的控制,侧重在有意义的语境中考查学生运用语法和词汇知识的能力。2、完形填空近几年该题型的难度值稳定在0.55左右,文章的选用具有较强的生活气息,倾向于人物叙述。文章的主题经常是人们的生活经历、感悟和体验等。这种文体能较好地考查学生对语意、语境和语篇的深层理解,考查学生在掌握文章主旨大意的基础上,正确理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系。3、阅读理解阅读理解整体难度值会保持稳定。第一节仍然考查学生在细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、归纳主旨大意等方面的能力。从“样题”中可以看出,在考查细节理解和词义猜测时,阅读文章下面的题目(题干)或者选项基本上以换写(释义)的形式呈现,也就是说考生在文章中找到与题目或选项中关键词意思相同或相近似的词句时,就找到了解题的依据。对语句理解考查似乎有所加强。今年阅读量大大增加,这与增设第二节任务型阅读新题型有着直接的关系。现将近几年高考英语和2005年(浙江卷)《考试说明》样卷阅读理解部分词汇量比较统计如下:1)、近五年高考英语阅读理解部分(5篇文章)的量表 2)、2005年考试说明样卷阅读理解部分词汇量(1)阅读理解第一节:5篇文章的词量表 (2)阅读理解第二节:任务型阅读的词量表 4、写作今年加大主观题的考查,这部分实际上比去年增加了15分。第二节的短文改错仍会选用看似出自学生之手的习作,估计与去年相比在难度上会适度控制。第一节单词拼写题型在1996至2000年(不含听力)的高考试卷中曾经出现过,但都以提示中文的形式出现。2001年春季高考招生试卷中的单词拼写与今年浙江省出题方式一样,都是提供单词的英文首字母。考生可以根据该句子的语义、语法和提示的单词首字母,正确无误地写出该单词,使其句子意义明确,结构完整。因为是我省近十年来首次采用此题型,预计不会出偏僻的“冷词”,该是日常生活中常见的,但是单词可能会有一定的长度。第三节的书面表达除了增加分值、字数外,考点与要求大致与去年要求相同。>>>>>备考建议综上所述,我们认为在临考前的两个月内,教师和学生都要认真学习、研究2005年教育部的《考试大纲》和浙江省的《考试说明》,尤其要依据今年的《考试说明》对复习计划做相应地调整,因为《说明》中的样卷就是今年高考英语考试内容和结构的模版。教师要坚持在语境中教语言,在语言情景中教语法的原则,重视学生的语言基础知识,基本技能的落实。为学生精选体现现代英语特点,反映现代科学与现实生活中新事物的多种体裁和题材阅读材料。及时选编005年任务型阅读新题型,有效指导学生演练此类题型,帮助学生掌握相应的解题技巧,提高学生这方面的应试能力。如:要采用各个击破的方式,先确定、划出任务型阅读题目(问题)中的关键信息(一般有2、3个信息点),再用快速寻读方法从A到F6条语段寻找、确定一条含有解答该问题的相应信息(一般也2、3处)。运用快速逐一排除法能为学生节省一定阅读时间。当然排除干扰信息和一项多余信息条还需要一定时间操练。根据2004年浙江省高考英语答题情况和评卷教师反馈的信息,可以看出考生在写作(短文改错和书面表达)方面得分普遍比较低,而今年这块却增加了考查的力度,因此教师必须加强主观测试题的训练力度。写作指导可以从阅读教学着手,通过把握语篇、语句、语义、逻辑以及作者思想等方面的内容,帮助学生不断积累词汇、优美语句和习惯表达方式,掌握篇章结构。这样,写作时,学生就可以较快地提取在阅读时储存的语料。也可以与高考写作中的三种题型:单词拼写、短文改错、书面表达有机结合。如:以书面表达为主线,借助图、文等提示,要求学生协作完成单词拼写(关键词)———填词———组句———组段———成篇———短文改错———润色成文等系列写作程序。引导学生字、词、句、段、篇逐步演练。还可以通过每天识记1/2句、仿写、缩写等多种形式、途径,加大写作训练密度与强度,扎扎实实落实笔头表达的基础知识与能力,切实有效地提高学生写作水平。当然要在高考英语写作部分取得好成绩,学生必须阶段性地进行限时专题训练与综合实战演练。
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2005年高考备考研讨会英语讲稿
浙江 赵如莲
一、高三第一学期英语教学情况 高三第一学期我们主要上高中英语第三册1-15单元的新课,单项复习高中英语应掌握的语法知识并适当做一些语法配套练习。具体时间安排如下: 1.每周五节课上新课,一个单元分三至四节课完成。 2.周六轮到外语辅导课一共有10次,各班1节课主要用于辅导中下等学生。 3.每周二下午有英语全班辅导课80分钟,主要是让学生完成一份不包括听力部分的综合试卷。 4.每周一,周四中午12:50至1:10分高三年级统一播放英语听力,学生集体在各班教室做听力练习。 5.每月高三年级统一安排时间进行阶段性考试,试卷由备课组老师自主命题,必需围绕各阶段所教知识内容出卷,试卷除采用高考题型外还增加单词考查。 6.年级英语学科统一使用的资料有《38套试卷》、《学英语报》。《学英语报》要求学生每周看完一期,报上的单元配套练习要求学生在一周之内完成,第二周再给学生答案,疑难问题由每天晚上值班的答疑老师解答。《38套试卷》主要放在每周二下午的辅导课里让学生完成或者节假日期间完成。 以上几个方面是由年级统一实施的,主要是对时间和内容上作一些控制。下面就我本人在高三英语教学工作中的做法谈一点体会。我在教高三时自己主要做好四块工作:(1)抓学生背单词、背课文。(2)帮助学生理清语法规则,理解它的作用和意义。(3)抓阅读并帮助学生理解阅读中的疑难句。(4)抓写作训练。 (1)抓学生背单词、背课文。 每上完一个新单元我总是要求学生把该单元的生词背出并给予听写,在听写时分单词和词组进行,听单词时我报英文,听词组时我报中文意思,对学生写不出的或较难拼的单词我总是在事后给予讲解,教他们一些记忆办法和窍门,帮助学生记忆。如:millionaire: million + air + e, cigarette : cigar + e + tt + e .对于课文我要求学生分段背颂。检查的办法主要采用听写和默写。听写时我把课文中的一些难句和长句,句子结构较复杂的句子译成中文并逐句报给学生,让他们写出课文中的原句,不许他们按意思写句子。这样做学生觉得难度很大,因为他们一定要把课文背得很熟才能一听到中文意思马上就要对上课文中的那句话并给予一字不差地写出来,如果没有把课文背熟就写不出来。有时候对有些篇幅较长的课文我制定几个段落让学生去背,然后再让他们去默写。一定要常听不懈才能出效果。 (2)帮助学生理清语法规则,理解它的作用和意义。 高考英语试卷第二部分英语知识运用主要测试考生对英语语法、词汇知识和简单表达形式的掌握情况。虽然许多人对英语语法教学有各种不同的认识,但是作为一门语言,语法的作用不容忽视。单项填空对语法知识的直接考查体现在具体的语境中。近几年高考英语中测试语法的项目主要涉及冠词、名词、代词(人称代词、不定代词)、介词、形容词、副词、连词、动词的时态和语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、动词词组、复合句、强调句、感叹句、反意疑问句、祈使句、倒装句、省略句、it的用法、语序和交际用语等。平时在上新课时就要注意观察每个单元所涉及到的语法点,并给予作阶段性的复习。给学生做一些单项填空练习和短文改错练习,因为这两道题主要考查各种语法内容。在讲评时我比较重视介绍一些命题的思路和解题方法。这两种题的共性是在理解单句和整文意思的基础上考虑语法结构。短文改错最基本的要求注意上下文时态,做题的时候以句子为单位,同时要兼顾改错的原则,不能改变词义,不能轻易去掉动词、名词等实词。去掉的通常是固定搭配结构中多余的部分。同样,增加的词也是固定搭配中少的部分或者是定语从句中先行词或介词。短文改错中名词的错误是可数名词和不可数名词的混用。形容词的错误一般是比较级和最高级的混用。副词的错误一般来说是用成了形容词(改错中要特别注意)。短文改错练习The school year usually began in August or September 1.begins and continues through to May or June .It is ∧good idea 2.a for international students to enter into US universities in 3.去掉into autumn. Most of new students enter at this time ,so they 4.去掉of can settle in together . Also ,many courses are designing 5.designed so students will take them in order ,starting in autumn but 6.and continuing through the year. The academic year at many colleges are made up of 7.is two terms or semesters .Other colleges use a 8.正确 three-terms calendar. Still others divide the year into 9.three-term four terms ,include a summer session which is optional(可选择的) 10.including 1.从整篇章说明情况看began过去时态应改为begins一般现在时态。 2.idea是可数名词其前面应改有冠词a表示"一个好注意"。 3.enter是及物动词可以直接带宾语不需要加介词into,应去掉into. 4.从上下文的意思看这里讲"大部分学生"是个泛指概念,所以of应该去掉。当我们讲most of the new students 时是指这批新生中的大部分,有特指的意思。 5.designing应改为designed构成被动语态结构。 6."从秋季开始并且这一年可以继续下去"从意思看没有转折的语气,因此把but改为and 较妥。 7.主语是the academic year谓语动词are 应改为is . 8.正确。 9.three-terms应改为three-term. 10.include应改为including. Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a 1.ages hobby which is both interested and fun .And every year 2.interesting more and more people start a stamp collection of your own 3.their and discover an interest which can even last ∧lifetime. Starting 4.a your collection of stamps are easy because they are everywhere. 5.is Holiday and birthday postcards from relatives and letters 6.正确 from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over 7.with the world. So once you've started collecting seriously ,you 8.But will probably want to join in the Stamp Collector' Club 9.去掉in which exist to add more stamps to your collection. 10.exists 1.age应改为ages,各种年龄的人,应该是复数。 2.interested改为interesting,hobby令人感兴趣。 3.your改成their,指代前面提到的people,这是逻辑错误. 4.lifetime前应加a,last a lifetime持续一生。 5.starting your collection of stamps 是动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用单数,所以are应改为is. 6.正确。 7.provide sb. with sth.是固定搭配,意为"向某人提供某物",因此for应改成with. 8.从上下文看这里有转折关系不是因果关系。上文说集邮很方便,亲戚朋友的来信来卡等都是邮票的来源。下文说,"但是,要认真集邮的话,你可能还得加入这个俱乐部。"因此把so改成but. 9.join in 是指参加一个活动,加入某个团体,成为成员,就用join sth.因此把in去掉。 10.which 指代club,第三人称单数作主语时,谓语动词exist 要加s 变成exists. 短文长度为100词左右,文章难度相当于初中的课文,在十行后设题,有的行不设题。错误类型分布,没错的一般一个,多词少词两三个,错词六个,注意逻辑推理错,因为从语法上看不出问题,有的错只有纵观全文才能断定,重点错误大致为10条: 1.and与but乱用 2.名词单复数形式 3.人称代词误用 4.逻辑推理错 5.第三人称单数后动词形式 6.动词加不加ed 7.so…that 结构 8.定语从句中which 与where 9.because ,though 的使用 10.形容词还是副词次重点错误: 1.性别 2.2与3 3.不定代词 4.a与the 5.被动 6.主谓一致 7.what 与that 8.介词in,at ,of ,to from 9.省略 10.I want to 11.make sb. to do 12.be afraid of go 13.with 与without 14.tall 与taller 15.because 与because of 16.as与like 17.when与while 18.ago与before 19.neither…nor 20.fortunately ,unfortunately时态练习 1.-Who's that speaking? -Johnson! -Johnson! Oh yes. Sorry, I _______ your voice.(C) A.didn't know B.don't know C.didn't recognize D.don't recognize 2.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s,when people _____ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.(B) A.begin B.began C.have begun D.had begun 3.Let's keep to the point or we ______ any decisions.(A) A.will never reach B.have never reached C.never reach D.never reached 4.My mind wasn't on what he was saying so I'm afraid I ______ half of it .(D) A.was missing B.had missed C.will miss D.missed 5.-Has Sam finished his homework today? -I have no idea .He ______ it this morning.(C) A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had done 6.I ______ you not to move my dictionary-now I can't find it.(A) A.asked B.ask C.was asking D.had asked 7.-The window is dirty. -I know. It ______ for weeks.(D) A.hasn't cleaned B.didn't clean C.wasn't cleaned D.hasn't been cleaned 8.-You were out when I dropped in at your house. -Oh ,I ______ for a friend from England at the airport.(A) A.was waiting B.had waited C.am waiting D.have waited 9.She has set a new record ,that is ,the sales of her latest book ______ 50 million.(A) A.have reached B.has reached C.are reaching D.had reached 10.The first use of atomic weapon was in 1945 and their power ______ increased enormously ever since.(C) A.is B.was C.has been D.had been 11.He kept looking at her ,wondering whether he ______ her somewhere.(D) A.saw B.has seen C.sees D.had seen 12.-George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? -No, I ______ .Did they have a big wedding?(C) A.was not invited B.have not been invited C.hadn't been invited D.didn't invite 13.-What were you doing when Tony phoned you? -I had just finished my work and ______ to take a shower.(D) A.had started B.started C.have started D.was starting 14.-What's that terrible noise? -The neighbors ______ for a party.(B) A.have prepared B.are preparing C.prepare D.will prepare 15.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ by 2006.(C) A.has been completed B.has completed C.will have been completed D.will have completed语态练习 1.In warm weather fruit and meat _______ long.(A) A.don't keep B.cannot be kept C.are not kept D.are not keeping 2.The classroom _______ 30 feet long.(A) A.measures B.is measured C.has D.has length 3.-When did the lecture begin? -When all the students _______ , he professor began his lecture.(C) A.seated B.sit C.were seated D.seat 4.Do you remember _______ ?(A) A.how it is done B.it how to be done C.how is it done by D.how to do 5._______ to have been rich.(C) A.They say B.It is said C.He is said D.That was said 6.-How does Alma like her new work? -She _______ with the hour.(B) A.can't satisfy B.isn't satisfied C.doesn't satisfy D.hasn't satisfied 7.-Why do you call your son Mouse? -He wants _______ by the name.(B) A.to call B.to be called C.to be calling D.being called 8.His idea, though good, needs _______ out.(D) A.being tried B.to try C.tried D.to be tried 9.-I'd like to buy that coat. -I'm sorry _______ .(C) A.it has sold B.it's selling C.it's been sold D.it had been sold 10.-Did you telephone the governor's office? -Yes, he _______ back before tomorrow noon.(B) A.expects B.is expected C.expected D.is to expect 11.The poor girl is to _______ a rich businessman.(D) A.marry with B.be married with C.marry to D.be married to 12.The best use _______ our present machine.(A) A.must be made of B.must be made C.must make of D.must make 13.No permission has _______ for anybody to enter the building.(A) A.been given B.given C.to give D.be giving 14.I'm sorry ,sir .Your recorder isn't ready yet. It _______ in the factory.(A) A.is being repaired B.is repaired C.has been repaired D.hasn't repaired 15.Every possible means _______ ,but none proves successful.(B) A.have been tried B.has been tried C.was tried D.has tried定语从句 1.Tell me the reason _______ you did it.(B) A.how B.why C.of which D.of that 2.The pen, _______ I paid 2 dollars, was lost.(C) A.which B.that C.for which D.to which 3.Let _______ be a triangle(三角)sides are of unequal length.(C) A.that B.which C.whose D.of which 4.-Did you ask the guard what happened? -Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.(C) A.about which B.which C.that D.what 5.The retiring teacher made a speech _______ she thanked the class for the cooperation.(C) A.which B.of which C.in which D.that 6.We'll put off the outing until next week, _______ we won't be so busy.(A) A.when B.which C.at which D.in that 7.-Why does Dr Mating prefer this laboratory? -Because here he is free to do this research _______ he wants.(B) A.some way B.any way C.what D.to which 8.Collecting seashells was a hobby _______ .(D) A.to delight him very much B.which it gave him a great delight C.whose pleasure he enjoyed himself D.that gave him a great deal of pleasure 9.She is one of the few girls who _______ passed the examination.(D) A.was B.were C.has D.have 10.The subject _______ I am most interested is English.(C) A.in that B.in what C.in which D.in where 11.The teacher _______ is at that desk over there.(A) A.you should talk to B.you are talked to C.whom you are talking D.whom you are talked to 12.-Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _______ here.(B) A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming 13.Anyone _______ the same opinion may attend the next meeting.(C) A.that had B.who had C.who has D.has 14.The building _______ windows are bright at night is our school library.(C) A.that B.which C.whose D.of which 15.On the bus I saw a student _______ I thought was your brother.(B) A.whom B.who C.that D.he 在讲评单选题时教学生一些方法很有必要。要让他们仔细看题干,不要只读带空格的那一句。要瞻前顾后,上挂下连,首尾呼应。含两个空的题,先确定有把握的那一个。较容易题宜采用跟踪追击的方法。不好判断题可采用排除法。单选的重点在动词,应特别注意时态、情态动词、非谓语动词的使用及短语动词的辨析。题目是强调结构的疑问句,可先变为陈述句再判断。题目是短语动词的被动结构,可先变为主动式再判断。省略句可先还原成完整结构,代词先找准所代物或人均有利于判断。断定冠词时,可先译成中文,一个用a,那个用the.根据平时做题经验,找出命题意图。审题时要注意情感分析,交际原则,不可死扣语法规则。不可在此恋战,太难的题放弃,10分钟内务必完成。 (3)抓阅读并帮助学生理解阅读中的疑难句。 抓阅读理解首先要从课堂提问开始。课堂提问是训练学生思维能力和提高学生理解能力的重要手段。为了要培养学生的观察力、想象力和逻辑思维能力,以及提高其人文素质,我在平时备课和上课中基本按照下面这套模式进行。这套模式与高考试题阅读理解题设问基本相同。 A)观察型提问 What can you see (did you notice/observe)in the picture? What's the difference between A and B? What similarities and differences exist between A and B? In what ways are they different /similar? What other information have you found regarding the similarities/differences between A and B? What makes you say A and Bare different? Compare the descriptions of A and B. How are their personalities or characteristics (similar/different)? B)归纳和推理型提问 What does the author/writer imply by saying this /that? What can we infer from…? What are the effects/results /causes of…? What may be concluded from…? What might be the reason why…? What does the writer seem to be in favor of /against? What's the main idea of this article/paragraph/passage? What's the topic sentence of this dialogue/paragraph? C)主观认识型提问 What's your attitude towards it? What's your personal opinion about it ? If you could /it's possible ,what would you do ? What do you think is true about…? Imagine/Suppose your are…, what will you do ? If you were a panhandler in New York City,how would you feel about what the mayor said? How do you feel about giving money to poor people on street corners? D)预测型提问 What do you think will happen next/as a result of …? How do you think the story will end ? E)辩论型提问 Should an entrance fee be charged for parks? Is it necessary for the students to take part in social practice? Should the government close all the tobacco factories? Do you think the government should give the beggars a place to live and some money? Why or why not? Should people be allowed to own guns/children be allowed to play computer games? Why or why not ? F)评价和反思型提问 What do you learn from the story? What should we learn from…? What moral lesson has the story taught us? What valuable virtues does the story have? What have you learned from the story? 在讲评阅读理解题时,我主要帮助学生理解一些较难翻译成中文的长句和语法结构较复杂的句子。我要求学生把文章中为答案提供信息的段落和句子划出来,并把问题的编号写在该句或该段的旁边,使其一目了然。近几年的阅读材料多选用与学生平时生活学习相关的话题以及科普、广告方面的内容,所以拿到材料后,学生应把握中心思想,主要事实,理解通读全文掌握大意。确定主旨,再进行推理判断。学生平时可以多看文史、科普以及一些应用文章,如广告类型的阅读等。因此我平时要求学生读目前最适合中学生的《21世纪中学生英语报》。我觉得多读英文报上的文章对他们做阅读理解很有好处,因为这些文章新,词汇也新,题材广泛,趣味性强,能很好地吸引学生的注意力。平时指导学生一些阅读技巧很有必要。在做阅读时先将文章大概扫读一遍,再行阅读,如有标题,应仔细看,它与全文中心有关系,遇有生词又猜不出意思,跳过去继续看,每段的首句尾句常与本段中心有关,概括全文中心意思要包括各段内容,猜词要依据原文上下文来确定。infer是指原文没有明说但可猜出之意。推理判断要以作者态度为准,有的题可根据常识理解,找具体信息时用跳读的技术,概括中心时用掠读的技术。答题时要看清题目要求,四个选项都要看。各类文章有不同特点,议论文要注意论点论据,记叙文要注意七个w、h questions. 不改变以往做题习惯,先看题还是先看文章各有利弊.学生做完形填空阅读时首先要粗读全文,了解大意,细读第一句,因为第一句一般不挖空,可得到较多信息。第一遍做题争取填出有把握的空,约占三分之一。第二遍做题则逐个解决,只留下个别不会的题,充分注意文中连接词语的含义与作用,有时可根据动作顺序来判断,时间关系是判断的又一依据,借助上下文中的同义词确定答案,借助反义词来判断,利用构词法知识理解陌生词。要十分注意后线索的现象,答案的提示不一定在前边,谨防连环题,各题答案之间有一定联系。决定好答案后要注意不但在单句中合理、从全文看也合理。明确动词分类知识和名词搭配很重要,实在不会的要猜,不要不填。 (4)抓写作训练。 在训练学生写作时我主要采用两种方法:一是让成绩处于中下的学生写《新概念》第二册课文的summary,要求学生一天写一篇80个字左右的短文,我每天批改打分。在写之前我首先指导学生,把意图讲清楚。先让学生通读全文,看懂课文后面所配套的5--6个问题,再给予整句回答,并要求学生把问题后括号里的连词用到句子中。二是对成绩中上的学生要求他们写英语报上单元练习的书面表达所提供的作文,一周写一篇,我给作文打分后再讲评。把写的好的学生习作让学生在班上交流。在评讲时我把样文和学生的习作给学生比较,让他们来评一评,议一议。有一篇书面表达是让学生观察三幅图画并以"The frog Goes Home"为题,就如何处理(养,吃,放)捉住的青蛙用英文写一篇小故事,字数要求控制在100字左右。试卷样文:On a summer Sunday several boys went outing. Xiao Ming caught a frog near a field. They were full of joy and warmly argued how to deal with it. Xiao Ming wanted to bring it home and raise it in a bottle. Xiao Tian suggested they cook it for a delicious dish, while the other two insisted on setting it free. They said frogs are beneficial animals ;that they can kill(eat)harmful insects and protect crops and that they are man's good friends. Hearing these, Xiao Ming and Xiao Tian changed their ideas. At last they agreed on freeing the frog. Then they let the frog go back to the water. It was swimming away happily. 在写这篇作文时要让学生抓住下面几点:1.捉住了青蛙 2.讨论如何处理 3.用瓶子养起来 4.烹饪吃掉 5.因为有益动物所以放生 6.青蛙回家 One day, Xiao Qiang caught a frog at the side of a pond. It was a very big frog. His friend decided which to do with it. Xiao Li said to feed it and then to eat it. But Xiao Wang and Xiao Ge didn't agree with him. They suggested it should be returned to the pond for it was beneficial for man. At last they put the small thing into the pond again with pleasure.(学生作文76字) 学生习作(1): "Come over here!" A loud cry cut through the warm air of the sunny afternoon and reached our ears .We stopped our hide-and-seek game and ran to the river bank ,where the excited voice came from .There stood Xiao Min ,with a frog in his hand .Upon seeing this, we started a discussion about what to do with the green creature. A boy said that he would like to keep it as a pet, while another suggested that we should eat the frog since he had heard that frogs tasted delicious. "You know what, I think it would be a better decision if we just let it go," muttered a silent boy, "Frogs are beneficial. They protect the crops and keep them safe from pests."All the boys nodded hearing his comments. So the little frog was freed.We smiled in joy as we watched it bounce into the clear creek and dive deep into the crystal water. (习作158字) 假定你在参加一场英语辩论赛。你是正方辩手,试用英语简要陈述你方观点。 主题 Shall Western Countries Return the Chinese Cultural Relics to China? 观点 1.中国的文物代表中国的历史和文化。 2.这些文物向我们展示古老的中国人民是如何建立强大的国家的。 3.通过这些文物,我们可以教育后代喜欢和热爱我们的悠久的历史和灿烂的中国文化。 4.这些文物可以激励我们更加热爱自己的祖国,并为自己的祖国更加努力工作。 5.这些文物是被西方列强抢掠(rob of )的,是不义之财,理应归还。 结论 …… 注意:1)字数在100-120之间 2)文章的开头已经给出。 3)参考词汇:ill-gotten gains(不义之财)。relics(文化遗产) Dear friends ,Here are our points.…… Dear friends ,here are our points. The Chinese cultural relics stand for Chinese history and culture and they are part of Chinese history. They show us how the ancient Chinese people established the great country .Through these relics the country can not only educate its children to appreciate and respect its long history and splendid culture, but also encourage them to love their country more and work harder for their country as well. Besides, these relics were stolen. To the western countries ,they are ill-gotten gains ,which ought to be returned to China. So we think only we Chinese know the value of these relics better ,and we can take good care of them. The western countries shall return them to China. Thank you.(试卷样文) 学生习作(2): Dear friends, here are our points. Western countries shall return Chinese cultural relics to China. Above all,the relics represent the long history and rich culture of China and are of great value .Through the relics ,all the Chinese people can understand and love their motherland's long history and great civilization. Besides, we look at these relics as if we were watching our ancestors constructing our country with great courage and wisdom. So we are encouraged to love our country more and work harder for her. In addition ,western countries robbed these relics in battles. So they ought to return these ill -gotten gains .And China has right on occupying our own treasure. At last, please let me state our opinion again; Western countries should return the Chinese cultural relics to China.(131字) 学生习作(3): Dear friends, here are our points for why the western countries should return the Chinese cultural relics to China.The Chinese cultural relics represent the Chinese history and culture. They show us how the ancient Chinese built a strong and powerful country .Through the cultural relics, we can educate our youngsters and the next generation to love our long history and our rich and splendid culture. They can inspire us to love our motherland more deeply, and make us more motivated in working hard for the sake of our nation. Besides, these cultural relics were ill-gotten gains that the western invaders robbed of our people. They should be returned by and means of law or mortal rights. Friends, think of our long-buried ancestors, do they really rest in peace seeing this? And what about our far, far future generations yet to come, what will they say about us when they hear of us centuries from now on? Please don't let our comments disappoint them .Thus we insist that the western countries return the Chinese cultural relics to China.(178字) 在指导学生写作时我总是提醒他们在落笔之前一定要想一想这几句话:This is a (news)story. It tells about (who/what/when/where/how/why). "Shall Western Countries Return the Chinese Cultural Relics to China?" If you think they should return the Chinese Cultural Relics to China, give the reasons and your conclusion. 主题+观点+结论。对于英语基础不好的学生,提醒他们把所给的材料分为几个点,每个点用1-2句简单句(主语+谓语+宾语)表达出来;而对于英语较好的学生,尽可能地运用一些高级词汇、可以适当地运用一些复合句,关键是要表达准确到位。一般说来一篇100个左右的短文只要用9-10个句子就可以表达出来了。可能考六类文章,写事,写人,写地方,通知,信件和简单议论,历年以写事为主。文章长度约80-120个词,署名有要求,按规定办,交际对象有时明说有时不明说,应看清再写。写此文的目的即交际目的要明确,内容要点要全,拼写,大小写,标点要准,书写要清楚,不要用大草体,一般不考特殊文章格式,语言首先要求准确通顺,鼓励用出新颖词汇,顺畅连接和复杂结构。复杂结构举例(定语从句、强调句型、倒装、被动、虚拟、非谓语短语、so…that、with加复合宾语及名词性从句)学生在做书面表达时应按以下要点进行:a仔细审题,看清题目要求与注意事项。b确定文章类型,记叙文,一般用过去时,说明文,主要用现在时。c看全内容要点,主要内容缺一不可。d尽量写草稿,实在没时间也要写一个简略提纲。e用你见过的有把握的句型来写,不要生造中国式的英文。f写好首句尾句,注意关联词语的使用。g记叙文注意who ,what,where,when,which ,why ,how . h议论文注意论点论据。i可适当使用复杂结构和新颖词汇,但应以准确传达意思为第一原则。j书写规范,卷面整洁也要重视。k一般十句话即可达到字数要求。L写完后要以短文改错的精神复核全文。还可以让学生记住书面表达中的常用连词与句式和过度用语: 表示时间顺序:first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later… 表示空间顺序:near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side… 表示比较、对照:like, unlike ,such as ,but ,however ,on the other hand ,on the contrary ,nevertheless…. 表示因果关系:because ,for ,as a result ,therefore, thus… 表示递进关系:besides ,what's more ,moreover ,in addition… 表示并列关系:and ,as well as ,also… 表示总结性:in general, in a word, in short ,on the whole…二、高三第二学期英语教学计划 1.上完16-24单元的全部内容,分两个月完成。 2.继续让学生做英语报上的练习及38套上的部分试卷。 3.关注浙江省高考英语命题组编著的《高考命题剖析与导考》一书并让学生认真完成书中的模拟考卷。