虚拟语气归纳

虚拟语气
一 If的虚拟语气
从句 主句
had done would/could/should/might have done
If were/did would/could/should/might do
would/could/should/might do
e.g 1) If I had come yesterday, I would have met him.
2) ① If I had time, I would come.
② If were you, I would go.
3) ①If it didn’t rain tomorrow,
②If it were not to rain tomorrow, we would go out.
③If it should rain tomorrow,
△ if 从句中若有动词were, should 或had,可以省略if ,并且把were, should 或had置于主语之前，构成倒装句
1） Had I come yesterday, I would have met him.
2） ① 无法倒装
② Were I you, I would go.
3) ①无法倒装
② were it not to rain tomorrow, we would go out.
③should it rain tomorrow,
△ 隐含条件句。有时用without, but for和or/otherwise/or else表条件（相当于是一个if条件句）时，主句也用虚拟。
1 Without water, nothing could live
=If there were no water,
2 But for your help, I couldn’t have finished my work on time.
= If you hadn’t helped me,
3 He came at last, or we wouldn’t have finished the work.
= or if he hadn’t come at last, we wouldn’t have finished the work.
△ 错综时间条件句。有时从句与主句时间不一致，依当时情况而定
If they had started yesterday, they would be free now.
If I shouldn’t have the exam tomorrow, I would have seen the film with you last night.
△ If it were not for the rain, the crops would die. 如果没有雨，作物会死
If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
二 wish
I had seen that film.
I wish I were a bird./ she stayed at home with me now.
he would/could/might try again.
△ If only I had seen that film.= How I wish I had seen that film!
If only I were a bird./ she stayed at home with me now.=
If only he would/could/might try again.=
三 as if/as though
一般情况下，与事实相符用正常时态He looks as if he is young
与事实不符，用虚拟
He seemed as though he had known everything. /The two strangers talked as if they had been friends for years.(发生在之前)
He looks as if he were young.(but he isn’t)/ He shouted to the TV as if he stayed at his home.（同时发生）
四 would rather
某一个人宁愿做某事而不做某事 sb would rather do than do
某人宁愿别人去做某事, 用虚拟。
I would rather everything hadn’t happened in the past.
I would rather you were right/ you told me the truth.
I would rather you went out next week.
五 在一些动词后，宾语从句用should 表虚拟，可省。
这些动词是 一个坚持（insist）两个命令（order, command）三个要求（demand, require, request）四条建议（suggest, advise, recommend, propose）
e.g The teacher insisted that we should learn by ourselves.
Mr. Smith order that we be quiet.
He required that we not be helped by parents.
She suggested that we not play all day.
△ suggest 表暗示，表明时，宾语从句用真实语气。
His silence suggested that he agreed with me.
当insist 表坚持某种观点时，宾语从句用真实语气。
He insisted that he was right and that the plan should be treated equally.
六 上述动词用在主语从句中
It is suggested that we should work hard ./ the meeting should be put off.
七 上述动词的对应名词用于表语从句和同位语从句中
表语从句 My suggestion is that we should think it over.
同位语从句 We agreed with his advice that we be helped.
其它相关名词还有order,command, demand, requirement,request, suggestion, advice, recommendation,proposal，plan, idea.
八 it is + adj./n. that …(should)…
e.g It is strange that he should have gone to the party.
It is necessary that we study well.
It is a pity that Mary should go to that dirty place.
九 it is (high) time that ...should…（不能省）
were/ did
e.g It is time that we should go./ It is time that we went.
十 用在状语从句中
I spoke slowly so that(in order that) the could / might hear clearly.
She took her raincoat with he in case/for fear that/ lest(以防) she (should) be caught in the rain.
一到四为一个大类，五到七为一个大类，八到十为句型
{
were/did
were to do
should （不能省）do
}
}