2008年高考英语专题复习-------短文改错
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| 名称 | 2008年高考英语专题复习-------短文改错 |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2008-01-03 13:31:00 | ||
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课件85张PPT。欢迎光临指导 易坤富
E-mail: Lfyzykf@163.com我心永恒.mp3 英语高考专题讲座 高考短文改错 Come
in，
please!K12引你为豪.exe讲 解 内 容1、命题特点
2、解题指导
3、高考内容
4、考点设计
5、技巧点拨
6、注意事项
7、简单小结zhangdahou.mp3高考短文改错的短文通常只有120个词左右，分成10行，短文的难度也与考生的习作相当，10行中一般只有一行全部正确，其他9行都存在错误。各种错误所占比例通常为
命题特点1：3/2：6/7即:对、错、添、删
1行正确；
3/2行缺词或多词；
6/7行需要找出错误并改正。表1 NMET2000-2007高考短文改错内容要点统计 项目表2 NMET2000-2007高考短文改错错误类型统计表3 NMET2000-2007高考短文改错测试知识点统计测试点【解题指导】（一）解题步骤1 浏览全文，掌握大意2 分句阅读，逐行找错3 由易到难, 各个击破 4 检查核对，注意方法 具体解题步骤 : 做短文改错通常遵循以下几个步骤：通读文章，了解大意；逐句分析，行中找错；再读短文，检查漏洞。即按照文章→句子→行→文章的顺序。? ?? ??第一步：通读全文，了解大意。短文改错是考查考生在理解的基础上对语篇整体的识错、纠错能力，必须从全篇考虑，而不能只顾一句或一行。要理解文章的谋篇布局，弄清楚整篇文章的意思。在阅读过程中，要注意行文逻辑、文章的时态以及人称等。 第二步：逐句分析，行中找错。尽管短文改错是以行设置错误的，但语言毕竟是以句子为完整意义单位的。所以，可以逐句分析，看看单句是否有错；如果有错，有几处错误，是什么错误，再看看错误??在哪一行。把“短文改错”转化为“单句改错”，然后再在行中找错，这样就会降低难度。? 第三步：再读短文，检查漏洞。做完以后，再把文章阅读一遍，检查是否有遗漏情况，尤其注意上下句之间的逻辑关系。多读一遍，就有可能把某些不清楚的地方理顺。 （二）错误形式与改法1 改词（6—7个）：在文中该词下面划横线
( ___ )；在题号后横线上写出要改的词。 ?
2 添词（1—2个）：在文中标上添词符号（∧）；在题号后横线上写出要添的词。
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3 去掉（1—2个）：在文中用斜线( )划掉该词；在题号后写上要划掉的词，并也用斜线划掉。
?
4 正确（1个）:在题号后横线上写出正确符号(√) 。 （三）解题思路
高考英语短文改错题，是命题者将中学生平时写作常犯的各种典型错误更集中、更系统地整理出来，放入一篇内容较为浅显、题材较为轻松的文章中设计而成的，它主要考查考生判断、发现、纠正语篇中语言错误的能力以及在语篇中综合、准确地运用英语能力，考生在该题的得分率较低。
综观近十年的高考短文改错题，不难看出常见的改错十大思路是：一致关系、连接手段、平行结构、非谓语动词形式、删除冗言、冠词使用，名词数与格，词语搭配，词性分辨，行文逻辑等。现结合近几年的高考试题对这十大思路分析如下：一、一致关系
短文改错中所涉及到的一致关系包括主谓一致、时态一致和代词指代一致。谓语动词的单、复数形式要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致，动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致，代词所指的内容与其先行词在词性和数方面以及与其自身的指代，要在意义上保持一致。例如：
1、(01春季)But then there is always more mysteries to look into.
2、(01春季)I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me
understand how the world works.
3、(NMET 2001)They didn’t want me to do any work at home. They want
me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get good
marks in all my subjects.
4、(2002春季)for example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them
in a secret place that I couldn’ t find.
5、(2002春季)He said he is busy.
6、(NMET02)The three of them were very excited .
7、(NMET03)and tried to translate anything into English.
8、(NMET03)Their word were a great encouragement to me.
9、 (NMET06) I just smiled to me and thought,
10 、 (NMET07) I looked at his other hands. is--areit--theydidn’t—don’tthem--itis--wasthem--usanything--everythingword--words
me---myselfhands---hand1)What are your favourite sport？(’97)2)Play football not only makes us grow up tall…(’98)3)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(2000)1.主谓一致isplayingare2.时态一致1)It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.2)They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing.3)Hello，I learn about you from my English teacher，…(’97)learneddrivehad5. (2000) I remembered her words and calm down . 6. (2002) The time passes quickly. Evening came. 7. (2003) She liked it very much and reads it to the class. 4. She look like enjoying the concert the other day.lookedpassedreadcalmed 3.语态一致 句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致. eg:1. Books may be keep for four weeks.(94) eg:2. I have some records giving to me as
birthday gifts. keptgiven __________.________4.名词的单复数一致1) …and asked me lots of question. (’96)2) We study quite a few subject，such as maths… (’97)3)…and often watch football match on TV…
(’98)4) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success，…(2000)questionssubjectsmatches schoolmates5.代词的性、数一致1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel… (’96)2. (2001春) I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand how the world works. their3. He drove too fast, and the police stopped her and handed him a ticket. theyhim6.形容词和副词形式一致1.The bad news made us feel sadly.
2.Are you certainly that he will help us check the information?
3.The children learn to read and write, and they play games as good. sadcertainwell7.语意一致1. She was smiling but nodding at me. (2000)and3. (2002) The food was expensive and the service was good. 4. Pick out the wrong sentences but correct them. 2. He likes sports, but I like music.5.Work hard, or you’ll succeed sooner and later. whilebutandand1. I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China.2. This is the best film which I have ever seen. 3. I also enjoyed the days when we spent together. 4. The ones what you decide not to keep can be traded with other people. whichthatwhich that that which 8. 逻辑关系一致5. Unfortunately, I won’t be able to visit you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. (2004.)because二、连接手段
连接不当会造成上下文不衔接。英语中句与句连接一般使用并列连词或从属连词。或若并列句，要判断句与句之间是并列、转折、选择、递进关系，还是让步关系。、从而选择恰当的连词，若为复合句，首先应判断内含何种从句，然后根据主、从句之间的关系判断连接词的使用是否正确，是否有遗漏或多余现象，要注意句子结构的完整性。例如：
1、(01春季)I think I like those classes because I felt that they helped me understand what the world works.
2、(01春季)In one class, I learned it rained.
3、(02春季)For example, when he bought a chocolate cake he put in a secret place where I couldn’t find.
4、(NMET 02) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.
5、 (NMET 06) just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.
6、 (NMET 07) He was silent for a moment.So he answered slowly:what--howit 前加 whyfind 后加 itwe 前加whenbut--andSo---Then/And三、平行结构
平行结构是指两个或更多的具有相似或相同的句法功能的词、词组或从句并列在一起的结构，在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词并列，形容词与形容词并列，不定式与不定式并列，短语与短语并列。平行结构常使用等立连词and, but, or或连词词组not only…but also…,not.. but, either…or…,neither…nor…,as well as等。例如：
1、(NMET2002)As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
2、(NMET2003) I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.
3、(NMET2003) She liked it very mush and reads it to the class.visiting--visited reads--read去掉Should四、非谓语动词形式
主要考查不定式符号to的多余或遗漏，to是介词还是不定式符号，现在分词与过去分词、动名词等。例如：
1、(01年春季)But then there are always more mysteries look into.
2、(01年春季)After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me .
3、(NMET01)My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.
4、(02春季)He didn’ t want share things with other people.
5、(02春季)That is, a game of tennis making him very busy.
6、(NMET03)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper.
look 前加 to learn--learningmake前加 towant 后加 tomaking--madetalk--talking五、删除冗言
造成冗言错误的原因主要由于汉英表达上的差异。对英语惯用语在使用上的细微差异，主要考程度副词和频度副词。如: much more, often等的多余，介词的多余，语义的重复，固定搭配中多余的词以及由于受汉语的影响而多用了某些词语等。例如：
1、(NMET01) Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters--in any other words, I am an only child.
2、(NMET01) We may be one family and live under the same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.
3、(02春季) For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o’ clock in the morning.
4、(NMET02) Evening came down.
5、(NMET03) The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese.
6、(NMET06) They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early去 any去 about去 on去 down去 in去that六、冠词的使用
冠词是英语中特有的词，由于汉语中没有与之相对应的词，大家对它的用法感到难以掌握，高考英语短文改错题对冠词的考查几乎每年都有，但多数是考查其基本用法，如不可数名词泛指时前面多冠词；单数可数名词前少冠词不定冠词a，an与定冠词the的错误使用；固定搭配中冠词的误用等等。例如：
1、(01春季)For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery.
2、(NMET01) We may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk together.
3、(NMET02)As everyone knows, it is famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.
4、 (NMET07) Because there are more the honors and joys in my life.去 aa same—the samefamous 前加 a 去 the七、名词的数与格
汉语中的名词没有单复数形式。英语则不同，如果英语的名词是可数名词，它有单复数形式。一般来讲，不可数名词没有复数式。例如：
1、(01春季)I used to love science class—all of them—biology, chemistry, geography, physics.
2、(NMET02) They don’t want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that
I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
3、There are around one hundred woman workers in this factory.
4、Do you know he is a friend of John?
5、 (NMET06) He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.class--classessubject--subjectswoman--womenJohn—John’sideas----idea八、词语搭配
这主要考查介词与动词，名词、形容词的固定搭配，副词与动词的固定搭配，及物动词后面介词或副词的多余以及不及物动词后面缺少介词，英语中的一些固定结构及习惯搭配等。例如：
1、(NMET02) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
2、(NMET03) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
3、The great discovery is great importance in science.
4、The artist is known for everyone in the town.
5、He failed but he wanted to try the second time.
去 atkeep my diary—keep a diaryis 后加 offor--tothe second time—a second time(1996) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.
(1997) I’d like to your penfriend.
3. (1999) Now I can’t watch television but a few years ago I was used to watch it every night.
4. (2000) Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
5. (2001) They did not want me to do any work at family ∧∧werebe becomewasahome6. (2001) We may be one family and live under a same roof.
7. (2001) Like most of my classmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters---- in any other words, I am an only child.
8. (2000春）Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday.
9. (2002) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
10. (2003) My teacher advised me to keep my diary. theanyforata九、词性分辨
根据词在句中的位置与其它词的修饰与被修饰关系，判断词的正确使用形式，根据词在句子中不同的句法功能，使用与之相适应的词性。例如：
1、(02春季)He never helped other.
2、(02春季)But he is difference now.十、行文逻辑
这主要测试行文中not的有无；come与leave的误用;before与after的混用。例如：
1、(NMET95) Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas.
2、(NMET01) What things are in other homes, I wonder.other—others 或 other— other peopledifference--differentgo--comeWhat--HowSarah Mclachlan-Happy Xmas.mp3Sarah Mclachlan-HappXmas.mp3Sarah Mclachlan-Happy Xmas.mp3（1）词法内容。包括名词、代词的数与格，反身代词，动词时态语态，非谓语动词、短语动词的用法，不规则动词的变化形式，形容词的比较级，形容词副词的区别，介词的误用等。
（2）句法内容。包括主谓一致、指代一致，并列连词，从属连词等引导各种从句的关联词语，感叹句，疑问句，祈使句的结构等。
（3）行文逻辑。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理判断等。
高考内容
a.(00) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.
schoolmatesb.(04)After class we become stranger at once.strangersc.(01)They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get marks in all my subject.
subjects1.名词考点设置e.(02)On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.picturese. (05) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school 命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数. 改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.f. (06) He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. advantagesIdea
g、(07) I looked at his other hands.handa.(02) It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.b.(03) Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English .c.(03) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher . us2.代词myselfitd.(05) Some students may also save up for our college or future use .
theire.(03)I was learning to express me in simple English. f.(06) I just smiled to me and thought, “What can I do? We are guests after all.” 命题特点：
1.女性代词指代男性或相反；
2.单数指代复数；
3.代词词性误用。
改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。myselfmyselftheyg、(07) I took it in me and we walked. mine1.人称代词的偷换错误2. 缺少人称代词的错误3. 人称代词数的一致问题4. 人称代词格的一致问题代词的错误1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(NMET03)
2. I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.(2004 福建)theirwhosea.(01) we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.b.(02) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. c. (03) The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. d.(04)We’ll talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.3.介词ataboute.(05)I am writing to thank you with your kind help.forinf. (06) He was looking for a glass the cupboard. in命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk ,, serve, wait等。g、 (07) Each ^ these lines stands for a trouble in my life.of介词短语常常考，
固定搭配要记牢。
介词后边跟宾语，
结合语境细推敲。
介词的错误1.We practise for three times every week.(NMET98)2.And I can’t forget the food you cooked for I.(NMET95)mefora.(01) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that---dob.(02) The time passes quickly. Evening came. c.(03)She liked it very much and reads it to the class.d. (04)I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class. 4.动词时态passedreadtalk f.(05)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. g. (06)We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago. 命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。
tookhadh. (07) Then I ask him.askeda. (00) She is smiling at me but nodding at me . andb. (01)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.c. (02)The food was expensive and the service was good.or5.andbutor误用及前后不一致d. (06) I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light. e.(02)we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.butandvisitedf.(03) she liked it very much and reads it to the class.命题特点：
主要考查and、or、but、
so等并列连词的误用。
改正方法；1）根据句意确定误；
2）根据句子的逻辑关
系确定错误。reada.(02) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.inb.(04) I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me.c. (03)The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.how6.从句连词d.(01)What things are in other homes, I wonder.whywhenf.(05)Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.g.(06) They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning. ifthat命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中边接方句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。a. (02) As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.theb. ( 01)We may be one family and live under a same roof,but---c. (04) on Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.the7.冠词ad. (05)I hope you’ve had pleasant journey home a命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。
a. (04)I would describe myself as shy and quietly.quietb. (04)There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes. personalc. (04)Finding information on the Net is easily.
easyd.(05) So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.
than8.形容词、副词 e.(05) My pronunciation was terribly . f.(06) They came back lately and had some tea. 命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。terriblelatea.(01)My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.tob.(02)We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.talkingc.(03) Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.9.非谓语动词visitedd.(05) Some students may also to save up for our college or future use. tof.(05) Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please. 命题特点改正方法：1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。allows（1）整体把握短文大意。
（2）逐句分析，把握结构。
（3）粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有 问题。
（4）逐行修改，先易后难。
（5）复读全文，验证答案。
（6）要注意答题是否合乎规范。
应试技巧点拨 动词形，名词数，
还要注意形和副；
非谓语，细辨别，
习惯用法要记住；
句子成分多分析，
逻辑错误须关注；
冠词连词常光顾。短文改错口诀：一、动词形 主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：NMET2003：She liked it very much and reads it
to the class. ＿＿＿＿
NMET2000： Now my picture and prize is
hanging in the library. ＿＿＿＿
readare 动词形常见错误一般过去时与一般 现在时错用。
第三人称单数形式错用。
and 前后动词时态不一致。(and具有对称性）
主谓不一致。
缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词）
主动语态与被动语态错用
Used to 的运用错误二、名词数 指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：NMET2001： …so that I’ll get good marks
in all my subject. ＿＿＿＿
NMET2003: Their word were a great
encouragement to me. _____
subjects words改正方法：
１．根据名词前的修饰限定
成份．
２．根据上下文的逻辑关系．1.There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.(NMET2005)2.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. (NMET2002）advantagespictures三、还要注意形和副 注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。例如：NMET 2004 : I would describe myself as shy
and quietly. _______
NMET 2005 : He asked angry if we had
finished the work. ______
quietangrily命题特点及改正方法：
主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。
根据adj或adv的基本用法确定错误；
修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；
修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。My pronunciation was terribly.
(NMET2005)
2.Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(NMET99)terribleUnfortunately四、非谓语，细辨别 这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。例如：NMET2001： My parents love me… and will do
all they can make sure… ＿＿＿＿
NMET 2002: We fed monkeys, visiting temples
and told stories. _______
NMET 2003: Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. ________
tovisitedtalking非谓语动词常见的错误 1）不定式
2）动名词作主语、宾语
3）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时）
4）现在分词和过去分词的区别等。1.They will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. (NMET2001)2.Play football makes us grow up tall and strong.(NMET1998）toPlaying五、习惯用法要记住 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：NMET2000: Suddenly, I caught a sight of
my English teacher. _______
NMET2003: My teacher advised me to keep
my diary. ______
aa六、句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：NMET 2004 : I don’t know that they don’t
like to talk with me. ________
NMET 1997：I live in Beijing，where is the
capital of China. _________
whywhich七、逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。例如：NMET 2003: The main problem was that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. ___________
NMET 2005: Some students may also save up for our college or future use. __________
everythingtheir常考的错误形式有：连词but， and， or和so的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。例如： NMET2000： She was smiling but nodding at
me． ＿＿＿
NMET2001： It looks as if my parents treat me as a
visitor and a guest. ＿＿＿＿
NMET2001： We may be one family and live under
a same roof. ＿＿＿＿and orthe八、冠词、连词常光顾小 结做短文该错应采取三个步骤1.通读短文，掌握大意2.细读全文，逐一作答3.复读全文，验证答案短文改错应注意的问题 四不改:
①标点符号不改。
②大小写不改。
③词序错误不改（不是不改，而是按错词或少词来改)。
④在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，
在句中不可能用错。
Don't forget!请进入改错陷阱！！Challenge yourself ! In our everyday life, if we make some mistakes, we should correct them, then we are still good fellows.
—Chairman Mao’s words We had guests last night who have not stayed 76
in a B&B hotel ago. They did not want breakfast 77
because that they were going out early in the 78
morning. They came back lately and had some 79
tea. I came into the living room and saw one of 80
them just go through the kitchen door but turn 81
on the light. He was looking for a glass the 82
cupboard. He had no ideas that the kitchen was 83
not for guests. I just smiled to me and thought, 84
“What can I do? We are guests after all.” 85
2006高考全国卷We had guests last night who have not stayed
76__________
in a B&B hotel ago. They did not want breakfast
77__________
because that they were going out early in the
78__________
morning. They came back lately and had some
79__________
tea. I came into the living room and saw one of
80__________hadbeforelatethat√them just go through the kitchen door but turn 81__________
on the light. He was looking for a glass the 82__________
cupboard. He had no ideas that the kitchen was 83__________
not for guests. I just smiled to me and thought
84__________
“What can I do? We are guests after all.” 85__________ Practice makes perfect. [谚] 熟能生巧andideamyselfTheyin Success belongs
to you !!!Thank you，good bye 愿我们在座的各位同学，象这匹黑马，驰骋在高考征程，创造自己的辉煌K12take me to your heart.exe长风破浪会有时
直挂云帆济沧海
E-mail: Lfyzykf@163.com我心永恒.mp3 英语高考专题讲座 高考短文改错 Come
in，
please!K12引你为豪.exe讲 解 内 容1、命题特点
2、解题指导
3、高考内容
4、考点设计
5、技巧点拨
6、注意事项
7、简单小结zhangdahou.mp3高考短文改错的短文通常只有120个词左右，分成10行，短文的难度也与考生的习作相当，10行中一般只有一行全部正确，其他9行都存在错误。各种错误所占比例通常为
命题特点1：3/2：6/7即:对、错、添、删
1行正确；
3/2行缺词或多词；
6/7行需要找出错误并改正。表1 NMET2000-2007高考短文改错内容要点统计 项目表2 NMET2000-2007高考短文改错错误类型统计表3 NMET2000-2007高考短文改错测试知识点统计测试点【解题指导】（一）解题步骤1 浏览全文，掌握大意2 分句阅读，逐行找错3 由易到难, 各个击破 4 检查核对，注意方法 具体解题步骤 : 做短文改错通常遵循以下几个步骤：通读文章，了解大意；逐句分析，行中找错；再读短文，检查漏洞。即按照文章→句子→行→文章的顺序。? ?? ??第一步：通读全文，了解大意。短文改错是考查考生在理解的基础上对语篇整体的识错、纠错能力，必须从全篇考虑，而不能只顾一句或一行。要理解文章的谋篇布局，弄清楚整篇文章的意思。在阅读过程中，要注意行文逻辑、文章的时态以及人称等。 第二步：逐句分析，行中找错。尽管短文改错是以行设置错误的，但语言毕竟是以句子为完整意义单位的。所以，可以逐句分析，看看单句是否有错；如果有错，有几处错误，是什么错误，再看看错误??在哪一行。把“短文改错”转化为“单句改错”，然后再在行中找错，这样就会降低难度。? 第三步：再读短文，检查漏洞。做完以后，再把文章阅读一遍，检查是否有遗漏情况，尤其注意上下句之间的逻辑关系。多读一遍，就有可能把某些不清楚的地方理顺。 （二）错误形式与改法1 改词（6—7个）：在文中该词下面划横线
( ___ )；在题号后横线上写出要改的词。 ?
2 添词（1—2个）：在文中标上添词符号（∧）；在题号后横线上写出要添的词。
?
3 去掉（1—2个）：在文中用斜线( )划掉该词；在题号后写上要划掉的词，并也用斜线划掉。
?
4 正确（1个）:在题号后横线上写出正确符号(√) 。 （三）解题思路
高考英语短文改错题，是命题者将中学生平时写作常犯的各种典型错误更集中、更系统地整理出来，放入一篇内容较为浅显、题材较为轻松的文章中设计而成的，它主要考查考生判断、发现、纠正语篇中语言错误的能力以及在语篇中综合、准确地运用英语能力，考生在该题的得分率较低。
综观近十年的高考短文改错题，不难看出常见的改错十大思路是：一致关系、连接手段、平行结构、非谓语动词形式、删除冗言、冠词使用，名词数与格，词语搭配，词性分辨，行文逻辑等。现结合近几年的高考试题对这十大思路分析如下：一、一致关系
短文改错中所涉及到的一致关系包括主谓一致、时态一致和代词指代一致。谓语动词的单、复数形式要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致，动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致，代词所指的内容与其先行词在词性和数方面以及与其自身的指代，要在意义上保持一致。例如：
1、(01春季)But then there is always more mysteries to look into.
2、(01春季)I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me
understand how the world works.
3、(NMET 2001)They didn’t want me to do any work at home. They want
me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get good
marks in all my subjects.
4、(2002春季)for example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them
in a secret place that I couldn’ t find.
5、(2002春季)He said he is busy.
6、(NMET02)The three of them were very excited .
7、(NMET03)and tried to translate anything into English.
8、(NMET03)Their word were a great encouragement to me.
9、 (NMET06) I just smiled to me and thought,
10 、 (NMET07) I looked at his other hands. is--areit--theydidn’t—don’tthem--itis--wasthem--usanything--everythingword--words
me---myselfhands---hand1)What are your favourite sport？(’97)2)Play football not only makes us grow up tall…(’98)3)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(2000)1.主谓一致isplayingare2.时态一致1)It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.2)They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing.3)Hello，I learn about you from my English teacher，…(’97)learneddrivehad5. (2000) I remembered her words and calm down . 6. (2002) The time passes quickly. Evening came. 7. (2003) She liked it very much and reads it to the class. 4. She look like enjoying the concert the other day.lookedpassedreadcalmed 3.语态一致 句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致. eg:1. Books may be keep for four weeks.(94) eg:2. I have some records giving to me as
birthday gifts. keptgiven __________.________4.名词的单复数一致1) …and asked me lots of question. (’96)2) We study quite a few subject，such as maths… (’97)3)…and often watch football match on TV…
(’98)4) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success，…(2000)questionssubjectsmatches schoolmates5.代词的性、数一致1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel… (’96)2. (2001春) I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand how the world works. their3. He drove too fast, and the police stopped her and handed him a ticket. theyhim6.形容词和副词形式一致1.The bad news made us feel sadly.
2.Are you certainly that he will help us check the information?
3.The children learn to read and write, and they play games as good. sadcertainwell7.语意一致1. She was smiling but nodding at me. (2000)and3. (2002) The food was expensive and the service was good. 4. Pick out the wrong sentences but correct them. 2. He likes sports, but I like music.5.Work hard, or you’ll succeed sooner and later. whilebutandand1. I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China.2. This is the best film which I have ever seen. 3. I also enjoyed the days when we spent together. 4. The ones what you decide not to keep can be traded with other people. whichthatwhich that that which 8. 逻辑关系一致5. Unfortunately, I won’t be able to visit you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. (2004.)because二、连接手段
连接不当会造成上下文不衔接。英语中句与句连接一般使用并列连词或从属连词。或若并列句，要判断句与句之间是并列、转折、选择、递进关系，还是让步关系。、从而选择恰当的连词，若为复合句，首先应判断内含何种从句，然后根据主、从句之间的关系判断连接词的使用是否正确，是否有遗漏或多余现象，要注意句子结构的完整性。例如：
1、(01春季)I think I like those classes because I felt that they helped me understand what the world works.
2、(01春季)In one class, I learned it rained.
3、(02春季)For example, when he bought a chocolate cake he put in a secret place where I couldn’t find.
4、(NMET 02) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.
5、 (NMET 06) just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.
6、 (NMET 07) He was silent for a moment.So he answered slowly:what--howit 前加 whyfind 后加 itwe 前加whenbut--andSo---Then/And三、平行结构
平行结构是指两个或更多的具有相似或相同的句法功能的词、词组或从句并列在一起的结构，在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词并列，形容词与形容词并列，不定式与不定式并列，短语与短语并列。平行结构常使用等立连词and, but, or或连词词组not only…but also…,not.. but, either…or…,neither…nor…,as well as等。例如：
1、(NMET2002)As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
2、(NMET2003) I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.
3、(NMET2003) She liked it very mush and reads it to the class.visiting--visited reads--read去掉Should四、非谓语动词形式
主要考查不定式符号to的多余或遗漏，to是介词还是不定式符号，现在分词与过去分词、动名词等。例如：
1、(01年春季)But then there are always more mysteries look into.
2、(01年春季)After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me .
3、(NMET01)My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.
4、(02春季)He didn’ t want share things with other people.
5、(02春季)That is, a game of tennis making him very busy.
6、(NMET03)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper.
look 前加 to learn--learningmake前加 towant 后加 tomaking--madetalk--talking五、删除冗言
造成冗言错误的原因主要由于汉英表达上的差异。对英语惯用语在使用上的细微差异，主要考程度副词和频度副词。如: much more, often等的多余，介词的多余，语义的重复，固定搭配中多余的词以及由于受汉语的影响而多用了某些词语等。例如：
1、(NMET01) Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters--in any other words, I am an only child.
2、(NMET01) We may be one family and live under the same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.
3、(02春季) For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o’ clock in the morning.
4、(NMET02) Evening came down.
5、(NMET03) The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese.
6、(NMET06) They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early去 any去 about去 on去 down去 in去that六、冠词的使用
冠词是英语中特有的词，由于汉语中没有与之相对应的词，大家对它的用法感到难以掌握，高考英语短文改错题对冠词的考查几乎每年都有，但多数是考查其基本用法，如不可数名词泛指时前面多冠词；单数可数名词前少冠词不定冠词a，an与定冠词the的错误使用；固定搭配中冠词的误用等等。例如：
1、(01春季)For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery.
2、(NMET01) We may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk together.
3、(NMET02)As everyone knows, it is famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.
4、 (NMET07) Because there are more the honors and joys in my life.去 aa same—the samefamous 前加 a 去 the七、名词的数与格
汉语中的名词没有单复数形式。英语则不同，如果英语的名词是可数名词，它有单复数形式。一般来讲，不可数名词没有复数式。例如：
1、(01春季)I used to love science class—all of them—biology, chemistry, geography, physics.
2、(NMET02) They don’t want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that
I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
3、There are around one hundred woman workers in this factory.
4、Do you know he is a friend of John?
5、 (NMET06) He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.class--classessubject--subjectswoman--womenJohn—John’sideas----idea八、词语搭配
这主要考查介词与动词，名词、形容词的固定搭配，副词与动词的固定搭配，及物动词后面介词或副词的多余以及不及物动词后面缺少介词，英语中的一些固定结构及习惯搭配等。例如：
1、(NMET02) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
2、(NMET03) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
3、The great discovery is great importance in science.
4、The artist is known for everyone in the town.
5、He failed but he wanted to try the second time.
去 atkeep my diary—keep a diaryis 后加 offor--tothe second time—a second time(1996) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.
(1997) I’d like to your penfriend.
3. (1999) Now I can’t watch television but a few years ago I was used to watch it every night.
4. (2000) Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
5. (2001) They did not want me to do any work at family ∧∧werebe becomewasahome6. (2001) We may be one family and live under a same roof.
7. (2001) Like most of my classmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters---- in any other words, I am an only child.
8. (2000春）Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday.
9. (2002) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
10. (2003) My teacher advised me to keep my diary. theanyforata九、词性分辨
根据词在句中的位置与其它词的修饰与被修饰关系，判断词的正确使用形式，根据词在句子中不同的句法功能，使用与之相适应的词性。例如：
1、(02春季)He never helped other.
2、(02春季)But he is difference now.十、行文逻辑
这主要测试行文中not的有无；come与leave的误用;before与after的混用。例如：
1、(NMET95) Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas.
2、(NMET01) What things are in other homes, I wonder.other—others 或 other— other peopledifference--differentgo--comeWhat--HowSarah Mclachlan-Happy Xmas.mp3Sarah Mclachlan-HappXmas.mp3Sarah Mclachlan-Happy Xmas.mp3（1）词法内容。包括名词、代词的数与格，反身代词，动词时态语态，非谓语动词、短语动词的用法，不规则动词的变化形式，形容词的比较级，形容词副词的区别，介词的误用等。
（2）句法内容。包括主谓一致、指代一致，并列连词，从属连词等引导各种从句的关联词语，感叹句，疑问句，祈使句的结构等。
（3）行文逻辑。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理判断等。
高考内容
a.(00) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.
schoolmatesb.(04)After class we become stranger at once.strangersc.(01)They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get marks in all my subject.
subjects1.名词考点设置e.(02)On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.picturese. (05) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school 命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数. 改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.f. (06) He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. advantagesIdea
g、(07) I looked at his other hands.handa.(02) It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.b.(03) Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English .c.(03) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher . us2.代词myselfitd.(05) Some students may also save up for our college or future use .
theire.(03)I was learning to express me in simple English. f.(06) I just smiled to me and thought, “What can I do? We are guests after all.” 命题特点：
1.女性代词指代男性或相反；
2.单数指代复数；
3.代词词性误用。
改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。myselfmyselftheyg、(07) I took it in me and we walked. mine1.人称代词的偷换错误2. 缺少人称代词的错误3. 人称代词数的一致问题4. 人称代词格的一致问题代词的错误1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(NMET03)
2. I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.(2004 福建)theirwhosea.(01) we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.b.(02) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. c. (03) The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. d.(04)We’ll talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.3.介词ataboute.(05)I am writing to thank you with your kind help.forinf. (06) He was looking for a glass the cupboard. in命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk ,, serve, wait等。g、 (07) Each ^ these lines stands for a trouble in my life.of介词短语常常考，
固定搭配要记牢。
介词后边跟宾语，
结合语境细推敲。
介词的错误1.We practise for three times every week.(NMET98)2.And I can’t forget the food you cooked for I.(NMET95)mefora.(01) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that---dob.(02) The time passes quickly. Evening came. c.(03)She liked it very much and reads it to the class.d. (04)I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class. 4.动词时态passedreadtalk f.(05)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. g. (06)We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago. 命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。
tookhadh. (07) Then I ask him.askeda. (00) She is smiling at me but nodding at me . andb. (01)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.c. (02)The food was expensive and the service was good.or5.andbutor误用及前后不一致d. (06) I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light. e.(02)we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.butandvisitedf.(03) she liked it very much and reads it to the class.命题特点：
主要考查and、or、but、
so等并列连词的误用。
改正方法；1）根据句意确定误；
2）根据句子的逻辑关
系确定错误。reada.(02) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.inb.(04) I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me.c. (03)The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.how6.从句连词d.(01)What things are in other homes, I wonder.whywhenf.(05)Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.g.(06) They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning. ifthat命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中边接方句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。a. (02) As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.theb. ( 01)We may be one family and live under a same roof,but---c. (04) on Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.the7.冠词ad. (05)I hope you’ve had pleasant journey home a命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。
a. (04)I would describe myself as shy and quietly.quietb. (04)There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes. personalc. (04)Finding information on the Net is easily.
easyd.(05) So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.
than8.形容词、副词 e.(05) My pronunciation was terribly . f.(06) They came back lately and had some tea. 命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。terriblelatea.(01)My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.tob.(02)We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.talkingc.(03) Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.9.非谓语动词visitedd.(05) Some students may also to save up for our college or future use. tof.(05) Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please. 命题特点改正方法：1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。allows（1）整体把握短文大意。
（2）逐句分析，把握结构。
（3）粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有 问题。
（4）逐行修改，先易后难。
（5）复读全文，验证答案。
（6）要注意答题是否合乎规范。
应试技巧点拨 动词形，名词数，
还要注意形和副；
非谓语，细辨别，
习惯用法要记住；
句子成分多分析，
逻辑错误须关注；
冠词连词常光顾。短文改错口诀：一、动词形 主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：NMET2003：She liked it very much and reads it
to the class. ＿＿＿＿
NMET2000： Now my picture and prize is
hanging in the library. ＿＿＿＿
readare 动词形常见错误一般过去时与一般 现在时错用。
第三人称单数形式错用。
and 前后动词时态不一致。(and具有对称性）
主谓不一致。
缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词）
主动语态与被动语态错用
Used to 的运用错误二、名词数 指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：NMET2001： …so that I’ll get good marks
in all my subject. ＿＿＿＿
NMET2003: Their word were a great
encouragement to me. _____
subjects words改正方法：
１．根据名词前的修饰限定
成份．
２．根据上下文的逻辑关系．1.There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.(NMET2005)2.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. (NMET2002）advantagespictures三、还要注意形和副 注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。例如：NMET 2004 : I would describe myself as shy
and quietly. _______
NMET 2005 : He asked angry if we had
finished the work. ______
quietangrily命题特点及改正方法：
主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。
根据adj或adv的基本用法确定错误；
修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；
修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。My pronunciation was terribly.
(NMET2005)
2.Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(NMET99)terribleUnfortunately四、非谓语，细辨别 这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。例如：NMET2001： My parents love me… and will do
all they can make sure… ＿＿＿＿
NMET 2002: We fed monkeys, visiting temples
and told stories. _______
NMET 2003: Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. ________
tovisitedtalking非谓语动词常见的错误 1）不定式
2）动名词作主语、宾语
3）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时）
4）现在分词和过去分词的区别等。1.They will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. (NMET2001)2.Play football makes us grow up tall and strong.(NMET1998）toPlaying五、习惯用法要记住 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：NMET2000: Suddenly, I caught a sight of
my English teacher. _______
NMET2003: My teacher advised me to keep
my diary. ______
aa六、句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：NMET 2004 : I don’t know that they don’t
like to talk with me. ________
NMET 1997：I live in Beijing，where is the
capital of China. _________
whywhich七、逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。例如：NMET 2003: The main problem was that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. ___________
NMET 2005: Some students may also save up for our college or future use. __________
everythingtheir常考的错误形式有：连词but， and， or和so的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。例如： NMET2000： She was smiling but nodding at
me． ＿＿＿
NMET2001： It looks as if my parents treat me as a
visitor and a guest. ＿＿＿＿
NMET2001： We may be one family and live under
a same roof. ＿＿＿＿and orthe八、冠词、连词常光顾小 结做短文该错应采取三个步骤1.通读短文，掌握大意2.细读全文，逐一作答3.复读全文，验证答案短文改错应注意的问题 四不改:
①标点符号不改。
②大小写不改。
③词序错误不改（不是不改，而是按错词或少词来改)。
④在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，
在句中不可能用错。
Don't forget!请进入改错陷阱！！Challenge yourself ! In our everyday life, if we make some mistakes, we should correct them, then we are still good fellows.
—Chairman Mao’s words We had guests last night who have not stayed 76
in a B&B hotel ago. They did not want breakfast 77
because that they were going out early in the 78
morning. They came back lately and had some 79
tea. I came into the living room and saw one of 80
them just go through the kitchen door but turn 81
on the light. He was looking for a glass the 82
cupboard. He had no ideas that the kitchen was 83
not for guests. I just smiled to me and thought, 84
“What can I do? We are guests after all.” 85
2006高考全国卷We had guests last night who have not stayed
76__________
in a B&B hotel ago. They did not want breakfast
77__________
because that they were going out early in the
78__________
morning. They came back lately and had some
79__________
tea. I came into the living room and saw one of
80__________hadbeforelatethat√them just go through the kitchen door but turn 81__________
on the light. He was looking for a glass the 82__________
cupboard. He had no ideas that the kitchen was 83__________
not for guests. I just smiled to me and thought
84__________
“What can I do? We are guests after all.” 85__________ Practice makes perfect. [谚] 熟能生巧andideamyselfTheyin Success belongs
to you !!!Thank you，good bye 愿我们在座的各位同学，象这匹黑马，驰骋在高考征程，创造自己的辉煌K12take me to your heart.exe长风破浪会有时
直挂云帆济沧海