考情预测: 解读新题型
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考情预测:
2005年湖南省高考首次采用阅读填空题。这是今年英语高考一个重要的变化。阅读填空题属于主观题范畴，属于信息收集整理这一语言运用形态。其目的就是要考查学生捕捉信息、组织信息和表达信息的能力。
2008年高考阅读新题型的方向已初步定，江苏省英语考纲样题也快新鲜出炉。那么，这一新题型究竟是什么样的呢？我们来认识其"庐山真面目"：
（2005年湖南省高考英语考纲样题）
阅读短文，根据所读内容在表中的空格处填上适当的单词或短语，每空不超过3个单词。
American holidays usually celebrate a patriotic (爱国的), political, or religious event of the past. Among the patriotic holidays are Labor Day, Veterans' Day, Columbus Day, and Thanksgiving Day. Political holidays include Washington's Birthday, Lincoln's Birthday, and Independence Day. Many Americans think of two religious holidays - Easter and Christmas - as the most important celebrations of the year.
A study of patriotic holidays in the United States suggests some American values. Labor Day, celebrated on the first Monday of September, honors the hard-working people of the country. Veterans' Day is celebrated on November 11 in memory of all men who have ever fought in defense of the country. On the second Monday of October, Americans recall Christopher Columbus. The Thanksgiving holiday recalls America's earliest history. It is celebrated on the last Thursday of November for the first big harvest the colonists received on the new land.
Another type of American holiday, the political celebration, honors important figures or events in American history. Two highly respected presidents, George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, are honored by a single holiday. Their birthdays are celebrated on Presidents' Day, the third Monday of February. Independence Day, popularly called the Fourth of July, recalls the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.
Unlike America's political holidays, two popular religious holidays are marked by busy preparations and long celebration. Most schools and colleges are closed for a week's vacation in the spring at Easter, the holiday honoring the resurrection (复活)of Christ. Of all American holidays, Easter is the only one that is not held at a fixed time every year; it takes place sometime between March 22 and April 25. Christmas is a religious holiday which celebrates the birth of Christ; it occurs on December 25. Most schools close for the last two weeks of December.
Holidays Celebrated in America
76._____ Namesof holidays Figuresor events honored 84._____
patriotic Labor Day 81.________ first Mondayof September
78.________ Christopher Columbus second Mondayof October
Thanksgiving Day 82._________ last Thursdayof November
79.________ men who have servedin the American army November 11
77._____ Washington's Birthday George Washington third Mondayof February
Lincoln's Birthday Abraham Lincoln
Independence Day signing of the Declarationof Independence 85._______
religious 80._______ resurrection of Christ sometime betweenMarch 22 and April 25
Christmas 83. ________ December 25
参考答案:
76.Types of holidays; 77. political; 78. Columbus Day; 79. Veterans' Day; 80. Easter; 81. America's hard-working people; 82. first big harvest；
83. Christ's birth; 84. Dates of celebration; 85. July 4
通过对样题的研究，我们可以总结以下几个特点：
1. 捕捉信息题：共5小题，如77、78、79、80和85小题。这类题属基础题，学生只要能顺利完成阅读任务，都能从短文中直接找到相关的信息，在无需加工的条件下直接填空。根据这一特点，考生在备考时一定要树立信心，去掉畏难情绪。
2. 组织信息题：共3小题，如81、82和83小题。这类题属活用题，考生一般都能捕捉到相关信息，但题目要求是"每空不超过3个单词"，这就在用词上有一定的限制。考生必须将捕捉到的信息进行二次加工，浓缩在3个单词以内。如81小题，从短文中我们找到的相关信息是：the hard-working people of the country；82小题是：the first big harvest；83小题是：the birth of Christ。如果将这些信息填入题中，显然不能得分。因此，必须进行信息重组。
3. 表达信息题：共2小题，如76和84小题。这类题属综合概括题，有一定的难度。它们是对该行（栏）所有信息进行综合概括，我们可以称之为"行（栏）标题"。从样题表格第一栏中的三个信息（patriotic，political，religious）可得出，此栏是有关"节日种类"的信息。要准确无误地概括出"行（栏）标题"，考生需要有较强的语言表达能力。
临场技法
基于以上分析，考场中我们应该如何应对呢？
1. 我们经过多年的英语学习，已经具备了一般的阅读理解能力，所以获得直接信息的能力往往已经具备，只要我们从容应对，冷静思考，一般性的捕捉信息题是可以对付的。
2. 在组织信息题方面，我们摸索出以下几个规律：
① 去掉虚词。如样题82小题中的原信息是the first big harvest，去掉定冠词the，就达到了题目字数要求。
② 用名词所有格形式"'s"代替介词of。如样题81小题中的原信息是the hard-working people of the country，通过重组可得America's hard-working people。
③ 词性转换。如to protect the environment，可将动词protect转换为名词，environment protection可表达出类似的信息。
④ 句子结构转换。如The dishes taste delicious，可转换成delicious dishes。
3. 在表达信息题方面，我们要根据标题词的特点进行表达。平时注意积累典型的概括性词汇，如：topic, types, forms, advice, suggestions, opinions, names, sex, age, features, advantages, disadvantages等。在概括信息时，通常情况下，我们可遵循以下3个原则：
① 概括性原则，即在最大程度上覆盖栏（行）内信息，囊括其主要内容。
② 针对性原则，所用的概括词不能太大，也不能太具体，要量体裁衣，大小适度。
③ 醒目性原则，在满足概括性和针对性的条件下，还要考虑其醒目性。即注意措辞，吸引读者的注意力，当然这是较高层次的要求。
仿真题一
阅读短文，根据所读内容在表中的空格处填上适当的单词或短语，每空不超过3个单词。
Every two years, cities around the world make bids to the International Olympic Commission (IOC) to host the Olympic Games. Today, cities are selected through a much more rigorous（严厉的）process.
Any city that wants to host the Olympic Games puts in its name to the IOC and is considered an "Applicant City." For the next ten months, the IOC investigates the city on several points:
1) The city must prove that it is big enough to handle the Olympics. They also need to show that they can handle the high level of security needed at the games.
2) The city needs to convince (使明白) residents that the expenses of covering the Olympics (which may be covered by raising taxes) are worth it in city improvement and new jobs.
3) The city needs to maintain a highly positive media exposure to carry the games.
If the IOC decides that a city has fulfilled the three points above, the city is considered a "Candidate City" and goes into the second phase of the process. After submitting an application and an application fee, the IOC makes a final judging on which city is the best candidate for the coming Summer or Winter Olympic Games.
The costs for bidding for the games is incredibly high. Bid committees must pay an application fee (The fee for hosting the 2012 Olympics was $150,000 U.S.), to the IOC. Following these fees, the cities generally need to begin large construction projects like building the "Olympic village", new sports arenas（竞技场）and stadiums, and transportation systems.
If the Olympics are so expensive, why do cities want to host the games Cities bid for the Olympics for a variety of reasons: the desire to show pride in their city and their country, the eagerness to be in the international spotlight for two weeks, the opportunity to bring new jobs into the community, and to build up tourism to that city.
Bid for the Olympics
76. ______ Bidding phases Necessary construction projects Reasons for bidding
How the Olympic locations are chosen First phase 79._______ 81._______ 83._______
Put in name to the IOC Submit the application New sports arenas Becoming international spotlight
The IOC investigates the city 77._______ 80._______ Stadiums 84._______
78.______ Make final judging 82.______ 85._______
Highly positive media exposure
仿真指数★★
【仿真依据】
本文是一篇说明文，字数320个，文章的体裁、长度、难度都符合高考考试说明的要求。题目设计比例为4：4：2结构，即直接捕捉信息题为4个，组织信息题为4个，表达信息题为2个，与高考样题基本一致。
【解题关键】
76和79小题是栏标题，解答时要特别注意标题的概括性和针对性，注意用词的准确性。77、78、84小题要注意控制字数。
【答案解析】
76. Topic根据此栏中"How the Olympic locations are chosen"这一信息，可知这是本篇短文的主题。
77. Big enough 根据奥委会对城市进行调查的前两点内容，可得出77、78小题的答案，要特别注意控制字数。
78. Residents' support
79. Second phase根据短文内容及栏内所表示的信息可知。
80. Pay application fees根据短文中"After submitting an application and an application fee"一句可得出答案。
81. Olympic village根据短文倒数第二段最后一句" begin large construction projects like building the "Olympic village", new sports arenas and stadiums, and transportation systems "可得出81、82小题的答案。
82. Transportation systems
83. Show pride 概括短文最后一段的意思，可得出83、84、 85小题的答案。要特别注意控制字数。
84. More job opportunities原信息是the opportunity to bring new jobs into the community，根据信息重组可得。
85. Build up tourism 原信息是to build up tourism to that city，简化之后可得相同意义。
★仿真题二
An old machine needs repairs after running for several years. And the United Nations - a machine to keep international order - is undergoing changes before its 60th birthday.
At the UN's 59th general meeting, held in New York from September 14, the issue of reform has dominated (支配) the talks. The biggest challenge was how to reform the Security Council (安理会), the most important organ (机构) of the UN.
Brazil, Germany, India and Japan want permanent (永久的) seats on the council, alongside the existing five members. Currently, the members include the US, Russia, China, France and Britain.
This new group of countries argues that there are good reasons for them to join the council. Japan pays more money into the UN budget (预算) than any nation except the US. India is the world's largest democracy. Germany is a European giant, while Brazil is a very powerful South American country.
Since 1945, the council has contributed a lot to world peace. It has helped cool at least 172 regional conflicts and 80 wars through peacekeeping actions. But recently, its power has been challenged. The Iraq War, for example, was started by the US without full UN support. The Security Council has reached "a fork (叉) in the road, a moment for a hard look at structural changes", said the UN Secretary-General, Kofi Annan.
Not everyone agrees that these countries should join the council. "It is not like a board of directors (董事会) of a company. You can't join just because of how much money you contribute," said Kong Quan, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman. China and South Korea have questioned Japan's candidacy (候选资格), because of its history of invasion.
Italy, a solid supporter of the US in Iraq, has said it will oppose Germany, which did not back the war. India's claim will not be supported by Pakistan because of their long-running dispute (对抗). Brazil's entry might be opposed by other Latin American states.
Annan has appointed a group, including former Chinese Vice-Premier Qian Qichen, to settle the matter. They will report back in a year.
The Reform of the Security Council
Existing members 77.________ Reasons for joining 82.________ Reasons for opposing
The US 78.________ A very powerful South American country Other Latin American states
76._______ Germany 79.________ Italy 84.________
China India 80.________ Pakistan 85.________
France Japan 81.________ China Its invasion history
Britain 83.________
仿真指数★★
【仿真依据】
本文是有关"联合国安理会"改革方案的一篇说明文，字数350个，内容新颖，文章的长度、难度符合高考考试说明的要求。题目设计比例为4：4：2结构，即直接捕捉信息题为4个，组织信息题为4个，表达信息题为2个，符合高考试题命题原则。
【解题关键】
77和82小题是栏标题，解答时要注意用词的概括性和准确性。79、80、81、84小题要根据原信息重新加工，可运用转换词性或句子结构的方法进行表达，注意控制字数。
【答案解析】
76. Russia 根据第三段"Currently, the members include the US, Russia, China, France and Britain"一句可知。
77. Possible new members根据第三段"Brazil, Germany, India and Japan want permanent seats on the council"及此栏中的内容可得出是"可能的新成员国"。
78. Brazil 此列为"可能的成员国"，根据Brazil, Germany, India and Japan want permanent seats on the council可知此处填Brazil。
79. A European giant根据第四段"Germany is a European giant"一句可知。
80. World's largest democracy 第三列为"加入的理由"，印度加入的理由有：India is the world's largest democracy.
81. Contribute more money根据第四段"Japan pays more money into the UN budget than any nation except the US."一句可知，但需注意组词不超过3个字。
82. Countries who oppose或Opponents 根据此栏的内容可确定本栏的主干词是"持反对意见的国家"。
83. South Korea 根据第六段"China and South Korea have questioned Japan's candidacy because of its history of invasion"可知。
84. Against Iraq war 第五列为"反对的理由"，根据Italy, a solid supporter of the US in Iraq, has said it will oppose Germany, which did not back the war.可知，意大利反对德国加入的理由是"德国反对伊拉克战争"。
85. Their long-running dispute 根据India's claim will not be supported by Pakistan because of their long-running dispute可知，巴基斯坦不支持印度加入安理会常任理事国是因为他们之间由来已久的争端。
★仿真题三
Many teenagers suggest they should have a brother or sister. Perhaps they feel this might make up for a gap in their own lives.
Bao Yunlu, a Senior 2 boy from the No 8 Middle School in Hefei, Anhui Province, often dreams of having an elder sister. "I want her to help me with my homework, share my feelings and take care of me," he said.
But last week Li Honggui, head of the China Family Planning Association, sparked a hot debate when he told newspapers there would be no change to the current one-child policy. It will remain the provincial governments' right to decide on individual cases (个案).
"Being an only child is quite lonely. Sometimes parents can't understand and friends don't care."
The one-child policy began in 1978. Now China has nearly 100 million single child families, one-third of the total. The policy has successfully slowed down Chinese population growth by 10 million babies a year. But there are problems.
As the centre of the family's attention they do not know about the hardships of life. "The one-child generation has no idea of thrift(节俭)," said Xing Yuan, professor of sociology at the Shanxi University. Some of them also don't know how to get on well with others.
Bao agreed that being an only child has had an effect on his personality. "We are less tolerant (宽容) and considerate (体贴) than our schoolmates who have brothers or sisters," he said.
But others don't agree. "I don't feel the difference between me and my classmates who have a brother or sister. They often complain to me about quarrelling with their brothers or sisters. I feel lucky to have nobody to steal my belongings," said Bai Yijing, a Senior 1 girl from the Middle School Attached to Beijing Petroleum Institute. As an only child, Bai is quite happy. "I spend my leisure time and share my feelings with my friends. I'm not lonely at all."
Different Opinions about One-child Policy
Opinions from teenagers
Names 77.___ School grade For or against Details about their opinions Effects on them
Bao Yunlu Boy 78._______ Against Help him with the homework Less tolerant
80.________ 81.______
Take care
76.______ Girl Senior 1 79._______ Have nobody to steal her belongings 82.______
Opinions from experts and officials
Names Occupation Comments
Li Honggui 83. _________ 84.__________
Slight change on individual cases
Xing Yuan Professor of sociology Not knowing the hardship of life
85.__________
Not knowing how to get on with others
仿真指数★★
【仿真依据】
这是一篇有关对"独生子女政策"的不同看法的记叙文，字数328个，话题具有时代性，文章的体裁、长度、难度都符合高考考试说明的要求。题目设计比例为4：5：1结构，即直接捕捉信息题为4个，组织信息题为5个，表达信息题为1个。本篇材料加强了对组织信息能力的考查。
【解题关键】
此题在表格设计上有较独特的地方，表格分为上下两节，上节的主题是"Opinions from teenagers"，下节的主题是"Opinions from experts and officials"。做题时必须读懂表格，弄清表格的结构，这样可提高答题的准确率。83小题属信息重组题，有一定的难度。多加强对此类题型的训练，可提高我们组织语言信息的能力。
【答案解析】
76. Bai Yijing从短文最后一段可找到答案。
77. Sex根据此栏下面的信息，栏标题应为"性别"。
78. Senior 2根据短文第二段"a Senior 2 boy from the No 8 Middle School"一句可知。
79. For 根据短文最后一段的内容，可推断出Bai Yijing是赞同的。
80. Share his feelings根据短文第二段"I want her to help me with my homework, share my feelings and take care of me"可知。
81. Less considerate根据短文中"We are less tolerant and considerate than our schoolmates who have brothers or sisters"可知。
82. No difference / effect根据最后一段"I don't feel the difference between me and my classmates who have a brother or sister"可得出答案，但要注意组词不超过3个字。
83. Government officials根据栏标题"职位"和第二段"head of the China Family Planning Association"，可得出答案。
84. No change根据第三段"there would be no change to the current one-child policy"一句可知。
85 Not knowing thrift根据第六段"The one-child generation has no idea of thrift"一句的意义重组可得。
2005年湖南省高考首次采用阅读填空题。这是今年英语高考一个重要的变化。阅读填空题属于主观题范畴，属于信息收集整理这一语言运用形态。其目的就是要考查学生捕捉信息、组织信息和表达信息的能力。
2008年高考阅读新题型的方向已初步定，江苏省英语考纲样题也快新鲜出炉。那么，这一新题型究竟是什么样的呢？我们来认识其"庐山真面目"：
（2005年湖南省高考英语考纲样题）
阅读短文，根据所读内容在表中的空格处填上适当的单词或短语，每空不超过3个单词。
American holidays usually celebrate a patriotic (爱国的), political, or religious event of the past. Among the patriotic holidays are Labor Day, Veterans' Day, Columbus Day, and Thanksgiving Day. Political holidays include Washington's Birthday, Lincoln's Birthday, and Independence Day. Many Americans think of two religious holidays - Easter and Christmas - as the most important celebrations of the year.
A study of patriotic holidays in the United States suggests some American values. Labor Day, celebrated on the first Monday of September, honors the hard-working people of the country. Veterans' Day is celebrated on November 11 in memory of all men who have ever fought in defense of the country. On the second Monday of October, Americans recall Christopher Columbus. The Thanksgiving holiday recalls America's earliest history. It is celebrated on the last Thursday of November for the first big harvest the colonists received on the new land.
Another type of American holiday, the political celebration, honors important figures or events in American history. Two highly respected presidents, George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, are honored by a single holiday. Their birthdays are celebrated on Presidents' Day, the third Monday of February. Independence Day, popularly called the Fourth of July, recalls the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.
Unlike America's political holidays, two popular religious holidays are marked by busy preparations and long celebration. Most schools and colleges are closed for a week's vacation in the spring at Easter, the holiday honoring the resurrection (复活)of Christ. Of all American holidays, Easter is the only one that is not held at a fixed time every year; it takes place sometime between March 22 and April 25. Christmas is a religious holiday which celebrates the birth of Christ; it occurs on December 25. Most schools close for the last two weeks of December.
Holidays Celebrated in America
76._____ Namesof holidays Figuresor events honored 84._____
patriotic Labor Day 81.________ first Mondayof September
78.________ Christopher Columbus second Mondayof October
Thanksgiving Day 82._________ last Thursdayof November
79.________ men who have servedin the American army November 11
77._____ Washington's Birthday George Washington third Mondayof February
Lincoln's Birthday Abraham Lincoln
Independence Day signing of the Declarationof Independence 85._______
religious 80._______ resurrection of Christ sometime betweenMarch 22 and April 25
Christmas 83. ________ December 25
参考答案:
76.Types of holidays; 77. political; 78. Columbus Day; 79. Veterans' Day; 80. Easter; 81. America's hard-working people; 82. first big harvest；
83. Christ's birth; 84. Dates of celebration; 85. July 4
通过对样题的研究，我们可以总结以下几个特点：
1. 捕捉信息题：共5小题，如77、78、79、80和85小题。这类题属基础题，学生只要能顺利完成阅读任务，都能从短文中直接找到相关的信息，在无需加工的条件下直接填空。根据这一特点，考生在备考时一定要树立信心，去掉畏难情绪。
2. 组织信息题：共3小题，如81、82和83小题。这类题属活用题，考生一般都能捕捉到相关信息，但题目要求是"每空不超过3个单词"，这就在用词上有一定的限制。考生必须将捕捉到的信息进行二次加工，浓缩在3个单词以内。如81小题，从短文中我们找到的相关信息是：the hard-working people of the country；82小题是：the first big harvest；83小题是：the birth of Christ。如果将这些信息填入题中，显然不能得分。因此，必须进行信息重组。
3. 表达信息题：共2小题，如76和84小题。这类题属综合概括题，有一定的难度。它们是对该行（栏）所有信息进行综合概括，我们可以称之为"行（栏）标题"。从样题表格第一栏中的三个信息（patriotic，political，religious）可得出，此栏是有关"节日种类"的信息。要准确无误地概括出"行（栏）标题"，考生需要有较强的语言表达能力。
临场技法
基于以上分析，考场中我们应该如何应对呢？
1. 我们经过多年的英语学习，已经具备了一般的阅读理解能力，所以获得直接信息的能力往往已经具备，只要我们从容应对，冷静思考，一般性的捕捉信息题是可以对付的。
2. 在组织信息题方面，我们摸索出以下几个规律：
① 去掉虚词。如样题82小题中的原信息是the first big harvest，去掉定冠词the，就达到了题目字数要求。
② 用名词所有格形式"'s"代替介词of。如样题81小题中的原信息是the hard-working people of the country，通过重组可得America's hard-working people。
③ 词性转换。如to protect the environment，可将动词protect转换为名词，environment protection可表达出类似的信息。
④ 句子结构转换。如The dishes taste delicious，可转换成delicious dishes。
3. 在表达信息题方面，我们要根据标题词的特点进行表达。平时注意积累典型的概括性词汇，如：topic, types, forms, advice, suggestions, opinions, names, sex, age, features, advantages, disadvantages等。在概括信息时，通常情况下，我们可遵循以下3个原则：
① 概括性原则，即在最大程度上覆盖栏（行）内信息，囊括其主要内容。
② 针对性原则，所用的概括词不能太大，也不能太具体，要量体裁衣，大小适度。
③ 醒目性原则，在满足概括性和针对性的条件下，还要考虑其醒目性。即注意措辞，吸引读者的注意力，当然这是较高层次的要求。
仿真题一
阅读短文，根据所读内容在表中的空格处填上适当的单词或短语，每空不超过3个单词。
Every two years, cities around the world make bids to the International Olympic Commission (IOC) to host the Olympic Games. Today, cities are selected through a much more rigorous（严厉的）process.
Any city that wants to host the Olympic Games puts in its name to the IOC and is considered an "Applicant City." For the next ten months, the IOC investigates the city on several points:
1) The city must prove that it is big enough to handle the Olympics. They also need to show that they can handle the high level of security needed at the games.
2) The city needs to convince (使明白) residents that the expenses of covering the Olympics (which may be covered by raising taxes) are worth it in city improvement and new jobs.
3) The city needs to maintain a highly positive media exposure to carry the games.
If the IOC decides that a city has fulfilled the three points above, the city is considered a "Candidate City" and goes into the second phase of the process. After submitting an application and an application fee, the IOC makes a final judging on which city is the best candidate for the coming Summer or Winter Olympic Games.
The costs for bidding for the games is incredibly high. Bid committees must pay an application fee (The fee for hosting the 2012 Olympics was $150,000 U.S.), to the IOC. Following these fees, the cities generally need to begin large construction projects like building the "Olympic village", new sports arenas（竞技场）and stadiums, and transportation systems.
If the Olympics are so expensive, why do cities want to host the games Cities bid for the Olympics for a variety of reasons: the desire to show pride in their city and their country, the eagerness to be in the international spotlight for two weeks, the opportunity to bring new jobs into the community, and to build up tourism to that city.
Bid for the Olympics
76. ______ Bidding phases Necessary construction projects Reasons for bidding
How the Olympic locations are chosen First phase 79._______ 81._______ 83._______
Put in name to the IOC Submit the application New sports arenas Becoming international spotlight
The IOC investigates the city 77._______ 80._______ Stadiums 84._______
78.______ Make final judging 82.______ 85._______
Highly positive media exposure
仿真指数★★
【仿真依据】
本文是一篇说明文，字数320个，文章的体裁、长度、难度都符合高考考试说明的要求。题目设计比例为4：4：2结构，即直接捕捉信息题为4个，组织信息题为4个，表达信息题为2个，与高考样题基本一致。
【解题关键】
76和79小题是栏标题，解答时要特别注意标题的概括性和针对性，注意用词的准确性。77、78、84小题要注意控制字数。
【答案解析】
76. Topic根据此栏中"How the Olympic locations are chosen"这一信息，可知这是本篇短文的主题。
77. Big enough 根据奥委会对城市进行调查的前两点内容，可得出77、78小题的答案，要特别注意控制字数。
78. Residents' support
79. Second phase根据短文内容及栏内所表示的信息可知。
80. Pay application fees根据短文中"After submitting an application and an application fee"一句可得出答案。
81. Olympic village根据短文倒数第二段最后一句" begin large construction projects like building the "Olympic village", new sports arenas and stadiums, and transportation systems "可得出81、82小题的答案。
82. Transportation systems
83. Show pride 概括短文最后一段的意思，可得出83、84、 85小题的答案。要特别注意控制字数。
84. More job opportunities原信息是the opportunity to bring new jobs into the community，根据信息重组可得。
85. Build up tourism 原信息是to build up tourism to that city，简化之后可得相同意义。
★仿真题二
An old machine needs repairs after running for several years. And the United Nations - a machine to keep international order - is undergoing changes before its 60th birthday.
At the UN's 59th general meeting, held in New York from September 14, the issue of reform has dominated (支配) the talks. The biggest challenge was how to reform the Security Council (安理会), the most important organ (机构) of the UN.
Brazil, Germany, India and Japan want permanent (永久的) seats on the council, alongside the existing five members. Currently, the members include the US, Russia, China, France and Britain.
This new group of countries argues that there are good reasons for them to join the council. Japan pays more money into the UN budget (预算) than any nation except the US. India is the world's largest democracy. Germany is a European giant, while Brazil is a very powerful South American country.
Since 1945, the council has contributed a lot to world peace. It has helped cool at least 172 regional conflicts and 80 wars through peacekeeping actions. But recently, its power has been challenged. The Iraq War, for example, was started by the US without full UN support. The Security Council has reached "a fork (叉) in the road, a moment for a hard look at structural changes", said the UN Secretary-General, Kofi Annan.
Not everyone agrees that these countries should join the council. "It is not like a board of directors (董事会) of a company. You can't join just because of how much money you contribute," said Kong Quan, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman. China and South Korea have questioned Japan's candidacy (候选资格), because of its history of invasion.
Italy, a solid supporter of the US in Iraq, has said it will oppose Germany, which did not back the war. India's claim will not be supported by Pakistan because of their long-running dispute (对抗). Brazil's entry might be opposed by other Latin American states.
Annan has appointed a group, including former Chinese Vice-Premier Qian Qichen, to settle the matter. They will report back in a year.
The Reform of the Security Council
Existing members 77.________ Reasons for joining 82.________ Reasons for opposing
The US 78.________ A very powerful South American country Other Latin American states
76._______ Germany 79.________ Italy 84.________
China India 80.________ Pakistan 85.________
France Japan 81.________ China Its invasion history
Britain 83.________
仿真指数★★
【仿真依据】
本文是有关"联合国安理会"改革方案的一篇说明文，字数350个，内容新颖，文章的长度、难度符合高考考试说明的要求。题目设计比例为4：4：2结构，即直接捕捉信息题为4个，组织信息题为4个，表达信息题为2个，符合高考试题命题原则。
【解题关键】
77和82小题是栏标题，解答时要注意用词的概括性和准确性。79、80、81、84小题要根据原信息重新加工，可运用转换词性或句子结构的方法进行表达，注意控制字数。
【答案解析】
76. Russia 根据第三段"Currently, the members include the US, Russia, China, France and Britain"一句可知。
77. Possible new members根据第三段"Brazil, Germany, India and Japan want permanent seats on the council"及此栏中的内容可得出是"可能的新成员国"。
78. Brazil 此列为"可能的成员国"，根据Brazil, Germany, India and Japan want permanent seats on the council可知此处填Brazil。
79. A European giant根据第四段"Germany is a European giant"一句可知。
80. World's largest democracy 第三列为"加入的理由"，印度加入的理由有：India is the world's largest democracy.
81. Contribute more money根据第四段"Japan pays more money into the UN budget than any nation except the US."一句可知，但需注意组词不超过3个字。
82. Countries who oppose或Opponents 根据此栏的内容可确定本栏的主干词是"持反对意见的国家"。
83. South Korea 根据第六段"China and South Korea have questioned Japan's candidacy because of its history of invasion"可知。
84. Against Iraq war 第五列为"反对的理由"，根据Italy, a solid supporter of the US in Iraq, has said it will oppose Germany, which did not back the war.可知，意大利反对德国加入的理由是"德国反对伊拉克战争"。
85. Their long-running dispute 根据India's claim will not be supported by Pakistan because of their long-running dispute可知，巴基斯坦不支持印度加入安理会常任理事国是因为他们之间由来已久的争端。
★仿真题三
Many teenagers suggest they should have a brother or sister. Perhaps they feel this might make up for a gap in their own lives.
Bao Yunlu, a Senior 2 boy from the No 8 Middle School in Hefei, Anhui Province, often dreams of having an elder sister. "I want her to help me with my homework, share my feelings and take care of me," he said.
But last week Li Honggui, head of the China Family Planning Association, sparked a hot debate when he told newspapers there would be no change to the current one-child policy. It will remain the provincial governments' right to decide on individual cases (个案).
"Being an only child is quite lonely. Sometimes parents can't understand and friends don't care."
The one-child policy began in 1978. Now China has nearly 100 million single child families, one-third of the total. The policy has successfully slowed down Chinese population growth by 10 million babies a year. But there are problems.
As the centre of the family's attention they do not know about the hardships of life. "The one-child generation has no idea of thrift(节俭)," said Xing Yuan, professor of sociology at the Shanxi University. Some of them also don't know how to get on well with others.
Bao agreed that being an only child has had an effect on his personality. "We are less tolerant (宽容) and considerate (体贴) than our schoolmates who have brothers or sisters," he said.
But others don't agree. "I don't feel the difference between me and my classmates who have a brother or sister. They often complain to me about quarrelling with their brothers or sisters. I feel lucky to have nobody to steal my belongings," said Bai Yijing, a Senior 1 girl from the Middle School Attached to Beijing Petroleum Institute. As an only child, Bai is quite happy. "I spend my leisure time and share my feelings with my friends. I'm not lonely at all."
Different Opinions about One-child Policy
Opinions from teenagers
Names 77.___ School grade For or against Details about their opinions Effects on them
Bao Yunlu Boy 78._______ Against Help him with the homework Less tolerant
80.________ 81.______
Take care
76.______ Girl Senior 1 79._______ Have nobody to steal her belongings 82.______
Opinions from experts and officials
Names Occupation Comments
Li Honggui 83. _________ 84.__________
Slight change on individual cases
Xing Yuan Professor of sociology Not knowing the hardship of life
85.__________
Not knowing how to get on with others
仿真指数★★
【仿真依据】
这是一篇有关对"独生子女政策"的不同看法的记叙文，字数328个，话题具有时代性，文章的体裁、长度、难度都符合高考考试说明的要求。题目设计比例为4：5：1结构，即直接捕捉信息题为4个，组织信息题为5个，表达信息题为1个。本篇材料加强了对组织信息能力的考查。
【解题关键】
此题在表格设计上有较独特的地方，表格分为上下两节，上节的主题是"Opinions from teenagers"，下节的主题是"Opinions from experts and officials"。做题时必须读懂表格，弄清表格的结构，这样可提高答题的准确率。83小题属信息重组题，有一定的难度。多加强对此类题型的训练，可提高我们组织语言信息的能力。
【答案解析】
76. Bai Yijing从短文最后一段可找到答案。
77. Sex根据此栏下面的信息，栏标题应为"性别"。
78. Senior 2根据短文第二段"a Senior 2 boy from the No 8 Middle School"一句可知。
79. For 根据短文最后一段的内容，可推断出Bai Yijing是赞同的。
80. Share his feelings根据短文第二段"I want her to help me with my homework, share my feelings and take care of me"可知。
81. Less considerate根据短文中"We are less tolerant and considerate than our schoolmates who have brothers or sisters"可知。
82. No difference / effect根据最后一段"I don't feel the difference between me and my classmates who have a brother or sister"可得出答案，但要注意组词不超过3个字。
83. Government officials根据栏标题"职位"和第二段"head of the China Family Planning Association"，可得出答案。
84. No change根据第三段"there would be no change to the current one-child policy"一句可知。
85 Not knowing thrift根据第六段"The one-child generation has no idea of thrift"一句的意义重组可得。