课件8张PPT。GrammarInfinitive1.He hoped to visit china again.
2.It took a lot of time to finish the report.
3.Please give the boy something to play with.
4. He went home to see his sick mother.
5. Her wish is to become a pop singer.Object(宾语)Subject(主语)Attribute(定语)Adverbial for purpose (目的状语)Predicative (表语)1.Tell the fun_ction of the underlined part in each sentence.1.(1)To learn about the universe, you need (2)to have a telescope
(3)to observe the stars with.
2.It takes time (4)to know a man.
3.Please remember (5)to bring me a book.
4.I’ve got a lot of work (6)to do.
5. (7)In order to catch the first bus, she got up early.
6. It is important for us (8) to learn English.
Subject:
Object:
Attribute:
Adverbial:(4)(8)(2)(5)(3)(6)(1)(7)2.Fill in the blanks with the following phrases.be engaged to went by dream of
go on with turn out work on use upHe ___________ one day becoming a famous astronomer.
Tom_______________ Ann
Two weeks slowly_______________.
His suggestion ____________ to be a good one.
He _____________ his ink.
If we don’t finish painting the room today, we can____________ it tomorrow.
He_______________ a novel now.dreams ofis engaged towent byturned outhas used upgo on withis working onRobbery drama warn, want, tell, offer, attempt, ask
Examples:
The robber is warning him to be
careful of his life.
The robber tells him to put his
hands up.
The robber wants him to give him
a big sum of money ...Snowman dramawould like, tell, refuse,
persuade, pretend, beg Finish all of the Vocabulary and Grammar exercises on the workbook.HomeworkInfinitive不定式
不定式属于一种非谓语形式。由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语（宾补和主补），但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语常用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。有时需用 of 引出
It is important for us youth to learn English well.
It is kind of you to offer me help.
1. 不定式的用法：
(1)作主语
不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。
To see is to believe．
眼见为实。
It is right to give up smoking.
戒烟是对的。
(2) 作宾语
不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。
He wanted to go．
他想走。
I find it interesting to work with him．
我发现和他一起工作有趣。
(3) 作宾语补足语
He asked me to do the work with him．
他叫我跟他一起做这个工作。
注意：
1) 在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, 1et, make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这样的结构变成被动语态时, 被省的to必须加上。
e.g. When they were young , he often made his little sister cry but now he is made to do this or that by his sister.
2) 不定式动词在介词but, except, besides 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。
e.g.
She could do nothing but cry．
她只会哭了。
What do you like to do besides swim?
除游泳外你还喜欢什么?
I have no choice but to go．
我不得不走。
(4) 作定语（后置）通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。
I have some books for you to read.
我有几本书供给你读。
注①：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
e.g.
He is looking for a room to live in．
他在找一个房间住。
There is nothing to worry about.
无什么可担心的。
Please give me a knife to cut with．
请给我把刀子来切东西。
但是, 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way, 不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。
e.g.
He had no money and no place to live．
他没钱没地方住。
注②：当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其意义有所不同。
试比较：
A) Have you anything to send?
你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是you)
B) Have you anything to be sent?
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?
(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else)
(5) 作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件。
e.g.
I came here to see you．(目的)
We were very excited to hear the news． (原因)
He hurried to school (only) to find nobody there. (结果)
To look at him, you would like him．(条件)
目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示。
e.g.
In order to pass the exam，he worked
very hard．
为了考试及格，他学习很刻苦。
We ran all the way so as not to be late．
为了别迟到我们一路上跑来的。
不定式也可以在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。
e.g.
I am very glad to hear it.
听见这事我很高兴。
The question is difficult to answer．
这个问题难回答。
“too+形容词或副词+不定式”也作状语。
e.g.
He is too old to do that．
他太老不能做这事了。
另外句子中有enough这个词时, 常用不定式作状语。
The room is big enough to hold us．
这间屋子够大能盛得下我们。
(6) 作表语
My job is to help the patient.
我的工作是帮助病人。
(7)作独立成分
To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you．
说实话，我不同意你的观点。
(8) 不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what等连用, 在句中起名词作用, 可充当主语表语、宾语等。也可以使用从句的形式。
e.g.
He didn't know what to say. (宾语)
他不知道说什么。
How to solve the problem is very important? （主语）
如何解决这个问题很重要。
My question is when to start．(表语)
我的问题是什么时候开始。
注意:在与why连用时,只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。
e.g. Why not has a rest?
(9) 不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多数情况下是容易判别的，但有时
的确比较复杂，请注意以下几点：
A) 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时, 不定式往往
用主动形式。
Have you got a key to unlock the door?
B) 不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时, 不定式常用主动形式。
I have got a letter to write．
He needs a room to live in．
C) 不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定
式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for one或for people．
e.g.
He is hard to talk to．
The book is difficult to understand．
但如果强调句中的受事者时，亦可 用不定式被动句。
e.g.
The handwriting is very difficult to be read．
这字太难认读了。
The box is to heavy to be lifted．
这箱子太重举不起来。
D) 在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。
There is a lot of work to do．
(Somebody has to do the work.)
There is a lot of work to be done．
(The work has to be done.)
请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：
There is nothing to do．
意为无事可做，感到十分乏味。
There is nothing to be done．
意为某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。
2. 不定式的时态
(1) 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生。
e.g.
I saw him go out．我看见他出去了。
(2) 如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。
e.g.
I am very glad to be working with you 很高兴和你一起工作。
(3) 如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。
e.g.
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting．
对不起让你久等了。
3. 不定式的语态
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。
e.g.
He asked to be sent to work in the countryside．
课件15张PPT。Integrating Skills (Ⅰ)Can you say out their discoveries? Elbert Einstein Maria Curie
Stephen Hawking Charles Darwin
Newton Zhang Heng
Thomas Alva Edison Benjamin Franklin
Galileo Galileithe Theory of RelativityRadium & poloniumthe Big Bang & black holesEvolutionismthe force of GravityseismographyElectric bulbsLighting rodTelescope & the earth moves
around the sunAnalyzingParagraph 1
The writer tells us: Everyone can make a difference if only he has the good characteristics — being curious.Paragraph 2
Some other characteristics to make a difference --- being knowledgeable, creative and full of imagination.Paragraph 3
If we want to make a difference, we must believe in what we do and stick to it until we succeed no matter what others may think.Paragraph 4
The most important thing to make a difference is to find what we like to do and what we are good at.Reading 1.What characteristics do great
scientists have in common ?
Great scientists always want to know more. They are never satisfied with a simple answer and are always looking for new questions. By asking why, how and what if, curious minds find new ideas and solutions.2.How did Galileo and Zhang Heng
change the way we look at the world?Galileo proved that the earth moves around the sun. Zhang Heng showed to us how the position of the stars changed from season to season and he also invented the first seismograph. 3. Which of the characteristics above
do you think is the most important? Curious.? Imagination ?
Self confidence ?
Why?
Or: Imagination. Without imagination, you won’t invent anything. Or: Self confidence. We must believe in what we do, even when others don’t. Curious. Because only when you are curious about something, you will try your best to find solutionsWritingYour Favorite ScientistWhat do you want to write?What does the reader need to know
about the scientist?How can you best describe her or him? (You may find more information in
the library or on the internet.) What is the most important or
interesting fact about the scientist? Why do you like him or her? What are his or her achievements?Finish writing your favorite scientist. Homework课件25张PPT。ReadingPlease read the passage ,and choose the best answer to each question.
Stephen Hawking is one of the greatest scientists in 21st century, when he was 21 years ,Incurable disease Had no more than 12 months to live Optimistic strong willed PHDa jobmarried New discovers about the Big Bang and black holes.
A Brief History of Time which became a best-seller.Stephen Hawkinglanguage pointsExplanation 1. There did not seem much point in
working on my PhD --- I did not expect
to survive that long. “point” here means reason, value
(道理，作用，用途，要点)
There is no point in doing sth 做某事没有意义或没有作用。 I don’t see the point of waiting for her, she is probably not coming.
There is no point in arguing further.
There is not much point in complaining; they never take any notice.e. g.Go by (人)走过，过去 2)(时间)流逝,( 机会)错过
3)顺便走访A car went by at full speed.
.
As time goes by, his hair is turning gray.
He was not in when I went by.一辆车全速驶过随着时光飞逝,他的头发变白.
我过访的时候,他不在家.
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of.
他也没有让疾病阻止自己过梦想的生活。 Nor（否定副词little, neither, hardly，ect.）放在句首，句子要倒装。________I never dreamed of meeting you here.
我绝对未想到在这里遇到你。
Little did I dream of succeeding so well.
我做梦也想不到如此圆满的成功 2) dream [常与 not, little, never等连用] (没有, 很少, 决没有)想到 His dream of being a doctor has come true.
I dreamt about my mother last night.
3) dream n. v梦，做梦, 梦见, 向往, 渴望 (of, about)他当医生的愿望实现了。昨天夜里我梦见我的妈妈了。
3. Since then, Hawking has continued
to seek answers to questions about
the nature of the universe.
自从那时，霍金一直致力于寻找宇宙本质的答案。
seek v.（常与for, after连用）搜寻，寻 找，寻觅
seek (for)寻找 seek after 追求
seek out找到 seek to do sth 尝试,试图做某事
He is one of the young graduates seeking after success in life.
他是探所人生成功之路的年轻毕业生之一。
Nothing seek, nothing find.
[谚]无所寻则无所获 They are seeking for solutions to the current problems.
他们正在寻找目前问题的解决办法。After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress.
认出那个粗鲁无礼的售货员之后, 她要求得到那条同样的裙子。4. Turn out 结果(是); 原来(是); 后常接“(to be) + adj /n”
也可接adv
The night turned out cold and rainy.
那个晚上结果是寒冷且下雨.
The rumor turned out (to be) true.
那谣言后来证明是真的.
He turned out (to be) a spy.
他原来(竟然)是一名间谍.
可构成句型: It turns out that …结果是……; 后来证明….
It turn out that two travelers had been killed.
后来证实有两位旅客丧生. 5. Finally, the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen
and if it can predict future events.
最后, 科学家们验证这一理论看是否和他们观察到的相匹配, 是否能预知未来。 These shoes do not match；one is large and the other is small.
The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat.
1) match v. 相配/称, 匹配, 比得上I can’t match her at chess.这双鞋不相配，一只大，一只小。
衬衫的颜色与上衣不相配。
我下棋比不上她.
She predicted that he would marry a doctor.
她预言他将娶一位医生。 The earthquake had been predicted several months before.
这次地震早在几个月前就发布了预报。 It is impossible to predict who will win.
要预测出谁将获胜是不可能的。2) predict v. 预知, 预言, 预报 What should we learn from Stephen Hawking?Attitude is a SMALL thing that makes BIG difference.Careful readingAccording to Professor Hawking,
how do people misunderstand science? People often think that science is a number of facts/rules that never change. According to Hawking, science is always 2. What are the basic steps of
the scientific method? First, the scientists observe the things or process they are interested in. Second, they make a theory to explain what they have observed. Third, they test the theory changing and many theories are eventua-lly proven wrong. to see if matches what they have seen and if it can predict future events.3. What is it that Hawking doesn’t like about his speech computer? Hawking, who is British, doesn’t like it because the speech computer gives him an American accent. Suggested answers to Pre-reading questions1. In order to get a job, he needed a PhD.2. In the early 1970s, when Hawking and
American Roger Penrose made new
discovering about the Big Bang and
black holes.3. In 2002, Hawking visited Beijing.Post-readingSuggested answers to Exercise 3 We can develop a new kind of rice
that doesn't need much water.
2.We can change it into a ten-speed
bicycle. 3. By examining antiques from that
period and deducing we can learn
what life was like.
4. Spending some time on English
every day is better than spending
a longer time once a week. Stephen Hawking is one of the greatest scientists in 21st century, when he was 21 years:
Disease
Affect
Attitude
Activities
Got _________ /__________ / ___________
Achievements
Discussion:What should we learn from Stephen Hawking?
课件39张PPT。The new term
is
coming…1. How is your summer vacation ?
2. Are you satisfied with your performance in senior one ? What achievements did you reach ?
3. What are your plans in this new term ?
4. What personal characters do you need to achieve your goals ?
Unit OneMaking a differenceWho is he?He has made a famous kite experiment.He learned a lot from it and invented lightning
rod(避雷针).He is … Benjamin FranklinNever leave that until tomorrow, which you can do today. 今日事,今日毕-Benjamin Franklin Who is he?He is called the greatest scientist in the 20th
century.He is famous for the Theory of Relativity.He is … Albert EinsteinImagination is more important than knowledgeWho is he?He invented electric bulbs.He made more than 1.000 inventions during
his life.He is … Thomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva EdisonGenius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration."想象力比知识更重要." Imagination is more important than knowledge.imaginative天才就是百分之
九十九的汗水加
上百分之一的灵感. Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety- nine percent perspiration.hard workingWho is she?She is a woman scientist.She discovered radium(镭)and polonium(钋).
In her life, she won the Nobel Prize twice.She is … Marie CurieNothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood.生活中没有什么
可怕的东西,只有
需要理解的东西.Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood.courageousWho is he?British mathematician, logician and philosopherbest known for his work in mathematical logic and the philosophy of science.
He is … Alfred North WhiteheadIt takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious.分析明显存在的 事物需要非凡的 头脑。 It takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious.creativeWho is he?He made the first telescope in the world.His observations show that the earth moves
around the sun.He is … Galileo GalileiYou cannot teach a man anything. You can only help him find it within himself.
你不可能把一切都教给一个人， 你只能帮助他从内心去发现（和了解）事物。You cannot teach a man anything, you can only help him find it within himself. do sth on one’s own initiative自主,主动Do you know other famous scientists? What
are they famous for?Charles DarwinStephen HawkingZhang HengDiscussion:Sir. Issac NewtonWhat makes a scientist successful? Make
a list of good qualities you think the scientists
should have.imaginative hard working
Courageous creative
intelligence, patience,
persistence, passion, interest
…Great mind No 1:_____________
This great mind was on fire for_____.
rockets agriculture gravity radioactivity outer space
2. The scientist’s name is similar to the English word curious, meaning ______.
something not old
something not short
being interested in somethingMadame Curie热衷于。。Sb/sth与。。。相似Great mind No 2:_______________
This great mind was on fire for_____.
rockets agriculture gravity radioactivity outer space
2. The scientist’s name is similar to the English word for___________.
something not old
something not short
being interested in somethingSir Isaac Newton Great mind No 3:_____________
What is this man known for?
_______________________________________
2. He wants to be called the _____. Why?
3. What do these three great minds have in common?
Yuan Longping He is known for his work with rice /in agriculture.farmer They are both on fire for something. They have
all made important contribution to science and
Society.Great mind No 4: You
What are you interested in? What would you like to invent, discover or be?Where there is a will, there is a way.God helps those who help themselves.SpeakingWhich branch of science is the most important
and useful to society?I think that _____ is the most important and useful science because _______________.scienceBiologyMathsChemistryPhysicsComputer scienceUseful expressionsThat’s true. It’s clear that …
That’s correct. There is no doubt that …
It’s hard to say. What’s your idea?
I doubt whether/if …
Well, maybe, but … Have you thought about …?
debateBiologists李时珍DarwinF. H. Crick ** I think biology is the most important and useful science because it is essential to protecting the ecological balance and environment. People can’t live without living things. Furthermore, biology goes hand in hand with our life. If there were no science of biology, there would not be medicine. In a word, biology is the most important and useful.chemists ** Well, maybe, but I think that chemistry is the most important and useful, because chemistry is the key to the progress of the human being. Besides, it is chemical reaction that produces many new things.Physicists钱学森李政道EinsteinHawking **It is hard to say. There are many physical products. And physics is widely used in many fields, such as medicine, industry and agriculture. Without physics, we could never go and explore outer space. So I think physics is the most important and useful science.Mathematicians华罗庚苏步青GaussArchimedes **That’s true. But maths is the basic science. You can’t learn physics or chemistry well without a good knowledge of math. Maths is a tool in science and engineering. Therefore, maths is the most important and useful science. What’s your idea?Computer scientists** Well, there is no doubt that maths is an important and useful science. In my opinion, the most important and useful science should be computer science in our modern information society. The computer is now an indispensable tool in many fields. It can settle all kinds of problems at a high speed and can help people work easily. So I think computer science is the most important and useful science. Wish you succeed and make a difference!
A bright future will lie ahead !debate
argue
quarrel
1.They are ____ whether to build a new car park.
他们在争论是否要建一个新停车厂.
2.I won’t______ with you about this matter.
我不会为这事同你争吵的.
3. What are you_____about with them?
你在和他们为什么事情争吵?Keys；1.debating 2. argue 3.quarrelling辩论 debate sth with sb和某人就某事展开争论 debate（on） sth考虑… 争吵，争论吵架 Nothing in life is to be feared.(1)To be feared 是不定式被动式作表语.Fear vt A) 害怕 ,担心 ,恐怕
fear+ n/ pron/ to do/ that clause她一向害怕老鼠 She has always feared mice.她恐怕在办公室找不到他.She feared that she might not find him in his office. 2. It takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious.
＝to analyse
(1). It takes sth to do 花费，需要
It took great courage to break away from his family.
It took unusual determination to undertake such a difficult task.
sth一般不用表示钱的名词
undertakea. undertake(undertook，undertaken)
Vt .(start to ) make oneself responsible for (sth)
承担(工作，责任等)，承办 着手，进行例：He undertook the difficult task willingly．
他欣然承担那项困难的工作。
I will undertake the responsibility for you．
我会为你负起责任。
He undertook a new experiment．
他着手一项新的实验。3. There is no doubt that ……. 毫无疑问……
I don’t doubt __________ you are honest.
Can you doubt ______________ he will win?
I doubt ______________ he will come.
thatthatwhether/if* 在否定句和疑问句中可跟that 引起的从句， 在肯定句中跟whether 或if 引起的从句。 It is clear that…… 很清楚……It is strange that you have made your mother angry.
It is important that we should keep the balance of nature.
It is necessary that you should recite good compositions every day.
