牛津英语模块三精品教学资料

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牛津英语模块三Unit 1 语法专项练习
I．选择填空。 (15分)
1. ________ get such a book
A. Where do you think can I B. Do you think where can I
C. Do you think where I can D. Where do you think I can
2. It was a matter of_______ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
3. _______his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if
4. There is no doubt _________ he will finish the task in time.
A. whether B. that C. if D. what
5. ________ is known to us all that the earth is smaller than the sun.
A. What B. As C. Which D. It
6. He made a promise ________ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.
A. that B. if C. what D. that if
7. —Do you mind if Jim will come to help
—I really don’t know ___________ a person like him can help me with.
A. what B. that C. how D. if
8. It was said _________ was all __________ he said.
A. that that; what B. that that; that C. which it; that D. that what; that
9. _____ seems strange to us is ______ the troublesome boy is getting along well with all his teachers.
A. It; that B. What; how C. It; how D. What; that
10. Those children are wild. I feel sorry for _________ has to be their babysitter.
A. whoever B. who C. whomever D. someone
11. — I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.
—Oh, that was probably _______ I was seeing a doctor.
A. when B. why C. what D. that
12. The order came ______the soldiers _______the small village the next morning.
A. that; had to leave B. that; should leave
C. /; must leave D. when; should leave
13. _____is a possibility _______Bob will win the first prize in the match.
A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether
14. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.
A. that B. which C. whether D. if
15. — My bike broke down on the way here yesterday.
—Is that ________you came late
A. how B. when C. where D. why
II．在下列横线上填入恰当的连词。(15分)
1. There is no doubt _________ he will come to your birthday party.
2. Word came yesterday ________ the missing boy had been found by the police.
3. It is a question of _________ it is worth paying so much for that jewel.
4. He told me the earth is round and_________ the moon moves around it.
5. _________ he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.
6. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just_____ worries the public.
7._______ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.
8. I firmly believe_______ he said at the meeting was right.
9.—What were you trying to prove to the police
—________ I was last night.
10. At the meeting, we discussed _______ we should employ more workers next year.
11. After______ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
12. Please tell me______ would like to have your coffee — black or white
13. we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
14.He often thinks of he can do more for his country.
15. Our city is greatly different from ________ it was ten years ago.
III．根据上句在下句的横线上填词，使两句意思相符。(8分)
1. Could you tell me his job
Could you tell me _______ _______ _______
2. He hasn’t made such a mistake before, I think.
I _______ think ________ he _________ made such a mistake before.
3. It is known to us that China has launched Chang’e I to space.
_______ is known to us is ________ China has launched Chang’e I to space.
4. You should let the teacher know your reason of coming late.
You should let the teacher know _________you ________ late.
5. It is possible that he will come by train.
________ is __________ ________ that he will come by train.
6. He is no longer the person that he was three years ago.
He is no longer _________he was three years ago.
7. I’m not sure if he likes it or not.
________he likes it or not is uncertain to me.
8. He who breaks the law should be punished.
__________breaks the law should be punished.
IV．根据所给汉语完成下列句子。(7分)
1. He says ____________________(如果我去，他也去)
2. It’s not been found out _____________________(何时何地那个孩子失踪的)。
3. We are talking about _______________________(我们下周是否去长城).
4. __________________(她为何缺席) is that she had to send her mother to hospital.
5. They want to make it clear to the public ___________________(他们做的是必要的工作)
6. At the meeting he raised a question __________________(学生应当如何使用零花钱).
7. Dongtai is a modern city which is ___________________(我出生和长大的地方).
V．短文填空。(5分)
仔细阅读下列短文，在横线上填入合适的连词。
An experiment was once done by Karl von Frisch, in which he studied bee activities when they returned to their home called a hive (蜂窝). He was trying to find out (1) _______ bees communicate with each other. The experiment showed (2) _______ there was a means by which a bee communicated to other bees that had found food. (3) _______ surprised him was (4) _______ bees communicated by dancing!
The fact is (5) _______ bees do two kinds of dances to tell other bees of their food discovery. The dances depend on (6) _______ the food is far or near. If the bee moves in a circle inside the hive. The circle dance means (7) _______ the food is not more than ten metres away. If the bee wiggles the end of its body as it moves in a straight line, then it turns in a semicircle (半圆), runs straight again. The waggling dance shows that the food is more than ten metres away. When other bees see the dances, they know (8) _______ kind of flowers they are to look for and (9) _______ they can find them. He continued to do (10) _______ he was interested in and won a Nobel Prize for his work in the end.
Key:
I. 1-5 DABBD 6-10 DABDA 11-15 ABACD
II. 1. that 2. that 3. whether 4. that 5. That 6. what 7. That 8. that what 9. Where 10. whether 11. what 12. how 13. Whether 14. how 15. what
III. 1. what he does 2. don’t; that has 3. What; that 4. why; came 5. There; a possibility 6. what 7. Whether 8. Whoever
IV. 1. that if I go, so will he 2. when and where that child got lost 3. whether we’ll go to the Great Wall next week 4. Why she was late 5. that they are doing a necessary job. 6. how students should use their pocket money 7. where I was born and grew up
V. 1. how 2. that 3.What 4. that 5. that 6. whether 7. that 8. what 9. where 10. what
模块三Unit 2 语法专练
I. 单项填空。 （10分）
1. He often thinks of _____ he can do more for his country.
A. what B. how C. that D. which
2. One of the men held the view _____ the book said was right.
A. what B. what that C. that D. that what
3. —I was badly ill in bed yesterday.
—I’m sorry to hear that. Is that _________ you didn’t attend the meeting
A. because B. why C. how D. what
4. The other day, he was caught driving his car at _______ was a dangerous speed by the police
A. as B. which C. what D. that
5. Can you make sure _____ the gold ring I need it right now.
A. where she has put B. where has she put
C. where she had put D. where had she put
6. ________ is doubtful whether the train can arrive on such stormy weather.
A. There B. It C. This D. What
7. A dictionary is ________ we refer to when we come across new words in reading.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
8. The reason ___ I have to leave now is ___ my mother suddenly fell ill at home.
A. why; that B. why; because C. why; why D. that; because
9. Do you think ________ possible for him to work out the problem all by himself
A. that B. this C. it D. he
10. Please give it to ________ you think works in that office.
A. no matter who B. no matter whom C. whomever D. whoever
II. 根据要求变化下列各句。(10分)
A）把下列句子改为含有名词性从句的复合句。
1. The 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008. It is known to all
_______________________________________________________________
2. If I go to the park next Sunday, so will he. Tom promises to me
_______________________________________________________________
3. Why didn’t she return the book I really want to know
_______________________________________________________________
4. She is looking for something along the street. It seems.
_______________________________________________________________
5. What the teacher said was right. I insist.
_______________________________________________________________
B）根据上句改写下句，使两句意思相符，每空一词。
6. We will certainly beat the other players and win the match.
_________ __________ ____________ that we will beat the other players and win the match.
7. People all think him clever to answer in that way.
People all think _________ clever _________ him to answer in that way.
8. She spends half an hour reading English every day.
_______ ________her half an hour to read English every day.
9. She happens to have been to Beijing before.
_________ happens _________she __________ been to Beijing before.
10. I didn’t go to bed until I finished all my homework last night.
_______ _______ until I finished all my homework _______ I ________ to bed last night.
III. 用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。(10 分)
1. The new library will be built at_________ was a factory in the past.
2. I really doubt ________ this problem can be solve at the meeting tomorrow.
3. Please put the book ________ it was after you read it.
4. ________ breaks the law is sure to be punished.
5. ________ he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was sent to Beijing on Beijing.
6. —I really don’t know _______ I can get to the hospital
—Take Bus No. 8 and get off at the end of the road.
7. He is a big liar, so don’t believe _______ he says to you.
8. It turned out _______ two people got killed by this kind of tiger.
9. _______ surprised me was that the little girl worked out the problem in only five minutes.
10. They are talking about ________ they will pay a visit to the zoo tomorrow.
IV. 根据汉语完成句子。（每空一词，10 分)
1．我认为玩电脑游戏是对时间的浪费。
_________ a waste of time ________ computer games, I think.
2．我们没有的东西似乎比我们有的东西好。
________we don’t have seems better than ________we have.
3．到哪里旅行取决于你的爱好和你能抽得出的时间长短。
_______ you will go travelling ________ _______ your interest and the time you can afford.
4．老板关心的不是我的健康，而是我能为他创造什么。
_________ the boss ________ ________ is not my health but ________ I can create for him.
5．这些图片将让你明白为什么在这个地区禁止狩猎。
These pictures will make you understand ________ there is a ________ _______ hunting in this area.
6．东台城不再是十年前的样子了。
The city of Dongtai is no longer ________ it _________ ten years ago.
7．昨天直到天黑后他们才回家。(强调句)
________ was ________ ________ after dark________ they went home.
8．我认为和他争论这件事是没有用的。
I think __________ no use __________ with him about it.
9. 医生们制定出如何阻止疾病四处蔓延。
The doctors have worked out _________ they can prevent illnesses __________
10. 我讨厌有人当众取笑我。
I hate __________ ___________ someone laughs at me in public.
V. 阅读下面短文，并在空格内填入适当单词，使文章通顺、完整。(10 分)
Do you (1) ________ there are so many borrowed words in the English language In early years, people the UK was ruled by (1) ________ came from different countries. They brought with their own languages, which all had impacts on English. As a result, (1) ________ the British speak nowadays is quite different from the one that they spoke a thousand years ago.
(1) ________ English has borrowed any Chinese words is a question you may care about. The answer is yes. There are many words, such as Kongfu, tofu and yinyang. (1) ________ has been found out that (1) ________ English spread to a new place, it developed itself while keeping borrowing words from other languages and grew into (1) ________ is called American English, Canadian English or Australia English in different countries. Although there are some differences in spelling, pronunciation and grammar, people find (1) ________ not very difficult to understand each other.
You may want to know (1) ________ of these English languages is the best. I’m afraid no one can answer. But I think it depends on (1) ________you are to communicate with. At present, you’d better follow the way of your teacher at school!
Key:
I. 1-5 BDBCA 6-10 ABACD
II. 1. It is known to all that the 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008.
2. Tom promises to me that if I go to the park next Sunday, so will he.
3. I really want to know why she didn’t return the book.
4. It seems that she is looking for something along the street.
5. I insist that what the teacher said was right.
6. It is certain 7. it; of 8. It takes 9. It; that; has 10. It was; that went
III. 1. what 2. whether 3. where 4. Whoever 5. Why 6. how 7. whatever 8. that 9. What 10. whether/ how
IV. 1. It’s; playing 2. What; what 3. Where; depends on 4. What; cares about; what 5. why; ban on 6. what; was 7. It; not until; that 8. it; arguing 9. how; spreading 10. it; when
V. 1. why 2. who 3. what 4. Whether 5. It 6. when 7. what 8. it 9. which 10. who
模块三Unit 3 语法专项练习
I．单项选择。(15分)
1. —Who did the they have __________ the door
— John. He is good at doing that.
A. to repair B. repair C. repaired D. been repaired
2. He often makes his sister __________, but this time he was made ________by his sister.
A. cry; to cry B. to cry; cry C. cry; cry D. to cry; to cry
3. The students all looked ________, for they were glad to find the exam ________.
A. happy; easily B. happily; easily C. happy; easy D. happily; easy
4. I don’t want to be made __________, nor do I care who will be.
A. a monitor B. an monitor C. the monitor D. monitor
5. His parents designed him to be ________ engineer, but he turned _________ doctor.
A. an; / B. an; a C. a; a D. the; the
6. “We call him Polly.” Which of the following is in the same sentence structure
A. I teach myself English B. I have a friend, John.
C. He made us laugh D. Tom bought me a present
7. When I woke up, I found myself _________in bed and _________by doctors and nurses.
A. lying; surrounding B. lay; surrounding C. lying; surrounded D. lain; surrounded
8. —_______either you or I_______ going to make a speech at the meeting
—Yes, one of us will have to.
A．Are; / B. Is; / C. Are; am D. Am; are
9. The worker and poet ________ to Beijing already. He won’t be back until next Wednesday.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
10. A number of students ______ absent today, the number of whom _____five.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
11. The rest of the people ______ angry when they find that the rest of money ______ been wasted.
A. are; has B. are; have C. is; have D. is; has
12. John, together with his friends, ________playing football over there.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
13. The population of China _____ the largest in the world and 80% of the population ______ farmers.
A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are
14. I guess more than one student in my class _______ seen the film.
A. were B. was C. has D. have
15. Mary is the only one of the students who ________late for class this morning.
A. were B. be C. are D. was
II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。(15分)
1. How time flies! More than two weeks _______(pass) already.
2. Neither he nor I _______(be) a basketball player, because we just like watching others to play.
3. Where and when to go _________(not decide) yet. Maybe we need to have another discussion.
4. Maths, as well as physics__________(be) a bit difficult, but you should never drop it.
5. The Green family _________(be) not big, and all ________(enjoy) Chinese food.
6. Everyone except Tom and John _________(be) there when the meeting began.
7. This kind of glasses ________(sell) well here. But glasses of that kind ________(not sell) well.
8. I hear clothes ___ __(be) on sale at half price. How much ______ this pair of trousers ______(cost)
9. Every boy and every girl of this class _________( invite) to Mr. White’s party yesterday.
10. Two hundred yuan ________(be) quite a large sum of money to me.
11. What he thinks about___________(be) how he can serve people better.
12. Every possible means _________(try) by us so far. That is to say all possible means _______(try) .
13. Eating a lot of fruit and vegetables ___________(do) good to your health.
14. Regular exercise combined with healthy diet _________(contribute) to a longer life.
15. It ________(be) I who________(be) your best friend that will do everything to help you.
III．根据所给汉语完成下列句子。
1. 昨天他被警察当场捉住偷车。
He was _________ ___________ by the police yesterday.
2. 两年前我父亲被任命为车间主任。
My father ________ made _______ of the _________ two years ago.
3. 她发现有人在跟踪她时感到很害怕。
She felt very frightened when she ________ someone _________ her.
4. 你想要我放弃这份另找一份工作吗？
Do you want me _______ ________ up this job and _________ another one
5. 刷牙时不要让水流个不停。
Don’t keep the water _________ all the time while ________your teeth.
6. 不是他错了，就是我错了。
________ he ________ wrong, ________ I _________.
7. 我有的是书，需要的是钱。
What I have _________books and what I need ________ money.
8. 她现在很烦，让她一个人呆会儿吧。
She is feeling annoyed, please let her _______ for a while.
9. 为什么要阻止我们进入会议室？
Why are we prevented _________ _________ the meeting-room
10. 我明天要去让人把这颗坏牙拔了。
I’ll have my bad tooth__________ ________ tomorrow.
IV. 用括号内所给单词的恰当形式完成下列短文。（10分）
Tokyo is one of those places that (1)_______(love) and hated by me at the same time. In Tokyo there (2)_______(be) always too many people in the places where I want to be. Of course there (3)______(be) always heavy traffic, too. The Japanese (4)_______(drive) very fast when they can, as a result, people often spend a long time in traffic jams. Tokyo is similar to London, Paris and New York in that, butt is different when one wants to walk.
At certain times of the day there are a lot of people on foot in London’s Oxford Streets. But what you see in the streets near the Ginza in Tokyo (5)_______(be)that there always are a lot of people on foot, and sometimes to walk to a store near (6)_______(take) me quite a while. The worst time to be in the street is at 11:30 at night. That is when the night-clubs are closing and everybody wants to go home.
During the day, most people travel to and from work by train. About six million train tickets (7)_______(sell) every day to Tokyo people. At most stations, trains arrive every two or three minutes. Although they are usually crowded, Japanese trains are very good. They always leave and arrive on time. On a London train everybody will be seen (8) _________(read) a newspaper or something else. In Tokyo trains everybody in a seat (9)________(seem) to be asleep, whether his journey is long or short.
In Tokyo, if you stand outside the station for five minutes. Three fire-engines will be seen (10)_______ (hurry) on the way to one of the many fires in Tokyo every day.
模块三Unit 3 语法专项练习答案
I. 1-5BACDA 6-10CCADD 11-15ABBCD
II. 1. has passed 2. am 3. hasn’t been decided 4. is 5. is; enjoy 6. was 7. sells; don’t sell 8. are; does; cost 9. has been invited 10. is 11. is 12. has been tried; have been try 13. does 14. contributes 15. is; am
III. 1. caught stealing 2. was; director; workshop 3. found; following 4. to give; find 5. running; brushing 6. Either; is; or; am 7. are; is 8. alone 9. from entering 10. pulled out
IV. 1. are loved 2. are 3. is 4. drive 5. is 6. takes 7. are sold 8. reading 9. seems 10. hurrying
名词性从句练与析
1. Go and get your coat. It’ s you left it.
A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
2. It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
3. The question is the film is worth seeing.
A. if B. what C. whether D. how
4. One of the men held the view the book said was right.
A. that what B. what that C. that D. whether
5. They received an order the work be done at once.
A. which B. when C. / D. that
6. He comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can’t remember .
A. where B. there C. which D. that
7. —I went to Beijing for a meeting last week.
—Is that you had three days off
A. why B. when C. what D. where
8. The step-mother was punishing the poor girl, but she insisted that she ___ the flower vase.
A. didn’t break B. not break C. doesn’t break D. shouldn’t break
9. Can you make sure the gold ring
A. where she had put B. where had she put
C. where she has put D. where has she put
10. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ______ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
11. Rose looks pale. What do you think to her
A. that has happened B. to have happened C. that has been happened D. has happened
12. I wish it fine tomorrow.
A. would be B. will be C. is D. to being
13. we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
14. Energy is makes things work.
A. what B. everything C. something D. that
15. The reason I have to go is my mother is ill in bed.
A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because
16. He often thinks of he can do more for his country.
A. what B. how C. that D. which
17. He does not think the question of they are men or women is important.
A. whether B. if C. which D. why
18. It was ordered that all the soldiers to the front.
A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go
19. I wish I that mistake in my examination.
A. did not make B. have not make C. do not make D. had not made
20. This museum is not it was ten years ago.
A. that B. when C. which D. what
21. ______ said that wanted to harm the friendship between us.
A. No matter who B. No matter whom C. Whoever D. Whomever
22. She made a promise _______she finished her work, she would pay me a visit.
A. that B. when C. that when D. whether
23. ______ is known to all that practice makes perfect.
A. What B. It C. As D. That
24. Word came from the hospital_______ the girl has come to herself.
A. whether B. that C. how D. when
25. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
答案： 1-5 BBCAD 6-10 CAACB 11-15 DABAC 16-20 BACCD 21-25 CCBBC
简析：
1．where引导表语从句。
2．主语从句。It为形式主语，that引导主语从句后置，that只具有语法作用，在主语从句中不担当成份。
3．表示“是否”时，表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句以及介词后的宾语从句都不能用if，只能用whether。
4．动词view后接that引导的同位语从句，而同位语从句中又含一个以what开头的主语从句，因而出现了that what两个引导词相连的情况。
5．名词order后带一个同位语从句，具体解释order的内容。
6．代词which 用于一定范围内所提出的疑问，指不知道这两座城市中的哪一个，注意动词remember后不能用副词where来作它的宾语。
7．why表示原因，这里引导表语从句。
8．insist引导宾语从句时，作“坚决要求”时，其后的从句应用should虚拟语气。但本句中其意思应为“坚持认为”，故只能用陈述语气，这里表示过去情况，所以用一般过去时。
9．make sure后接宾语从句，时态应为现在完成时，且用陈述句语序。
10．doubt无论作动词还是作名词，若用于否定词中，其后的宾语从句或同位语从句都只能用that引导。
11．do you think可视为插入语，这时特殊疑问句要用陈述语序。
12．wish后宾语从句应用虚拟语气，表将来用“should +动词原形”。
13．depends暗示情况未定，故空格意思应为“是否”，if不用于主语从句。
14．表语从句。What在表语从句中作主语。
15．reason后为定语从句，is后为that引导的表语从句，注意不能用because。
16．think of后接宾语从句，how作状语。若去掉句中的more，则do缺宾语，应选A。
17．介词of后接whether引导的宾语从句。
18．order作动词或名词时，其从句应用虚拟语气。
19．宾语从句表示对过去的虚拟用“had+动词原形”。
20．what引导表语从句。what在从句中又作表语。若在原题not后加one则变为定语从句，用that来引导。
21．主语从句中缺少表示人的主语，应用whoever。而“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
22． promise后接that引导的同位语从句，但同位从句又含一个when引导的时间状语从句。
23．that引导的主语从句后置，所以前面应用形式主语it。注意不能误作定语从句。
24．word后接一个同位语从句，应用that来引导。
25．介词at后缺少宾语，而连系动词又少主语，所以用what来引导宾语从句。若粗心大意，容易误作定语从句而选B。
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模块三Unit 1 词汇练习
I．根据所给首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词的完整形式。(10分)
1. To tell you the t_________, I don’t like eggs at all, so I only took one.
2. The sea got even r________ as the wind grew stronger.
3. Cotton feel s_________ while iron feels hard.
4. My physics teacher told us that water f_________ when the temperature drops at 0 oC.
5. The Class Tree students are doing e_________ in the chemistry lab in twos or threes.
6. The hard disk is where __________(数据)can be stored inside the computer.
7. Hearing the sound of__________(脚步), he quickly hid himself in a suitcase.
8. After graduation, the twin brothers were sent to teach in the poor places as _________(志愿者).
9. The moon is likely to be the __________(目的地) of travellers in the future.
10. I had no other place to go to, so I had to stay in the hotel __________(临时地)
II. 从下列方框中找出一个合适的短语完成下列各句。(10分)
1. You still owe me fifty yuan, when will you ________ it ________
2. When he rushed out in the dark, he ___________ a chair and got hurt in the right leg.
3. We collected some sticks made a fire, which ___________the room soon.
4. After we crossed the bridge, a new broad street with all buildings was _________ in fron of us.
5. __________it began to rain and we were wet all over.
6. —Look! Where are you going
—Sorry, I ____________the stars and wasn’t noticing your car.
7. It is found out that high __________ may be the cause of apoplexy(中风) .
8. I decided to take his advice, for I thought what he said __________to me.
9. Do you think that health ____________living habit
10. The thief was caught when he _____________his hand for the mobile phone on the desk.
III．选择填空。(10分)
1. The rest of the people _______ angry when the rest of the money_______ wasted in that way.
A. were; were B. were; was C. was; were D. was; was
2. She lost her _______ in a traffic accident at the age of five.
A. view B. slight C. scene D. sight
3. Listen! Can you hear the rain ________ against the window
A. beating B. knocking C. hitting D. hurting
4. ________ the best and ________ the worst.
A. Wish; prepare B. Wish for; prepare C. Wish for; prepare for D. Wish; prepare for
5. Please stand ________ so that I can take a photo of you.
A. calm B. still C. silent D. quiet
6. Because of the terrible storm, the formers’ apple harvest ________ 30%.
A. reduced to B. reduced by C. increased to D. increased by
7. He expressed his satisfaction about this talk, ______ that he would return in the future.
A. adding B. added C. adding up D. added up
8. That he often works ______ into the night moved us _______.
A. deep; deep B. deeply; deeply C. deep; deeply D. deeply; deep
9. It’s __________ that he will tell a lie, isn’t it
A. not likely B. impossible C. of no use D. not
10. To avoid _________by the teacher, he slipped into the classroom.
A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen D. being seen
IV. 根据所给汉语完成下列各句。(10分)
1．请留意火在瓶子中燃烧时的变化。
Please _______ ________ _________ the ________ of the fire burning in the bottle.
2．看到我时，他的笑容由于惊讶而呆住了。
When he saw me, his smile ________ ________ __________ surprise.
3．你应当充当利用时间来练习口语。
You should ________ the _________ _________ your time to improve your spoken English.
4．他因取得如此大的进步而受到老师表扬。
He was praised by the teacher for having ________ such great ________
5．铃声突然大作时人们惊慌失措。
The people _________when the bell suddenly _________ _________.
6．她半个小时从商店出来时，自行车哪儿也找不着了。
When she came out of the store half an hour later, her bike was ________ _______ ________ __________.
7．我们站在那儿看着轮船消失在远方。
We stood there, _______ the ship disappear in the _________.
8．这些货物有望明天空运到日本。
________, these goods will be ________ to Japan tomorrow.
9．一名工人及时赶到救起了那位溺水姑娘。
A worker came ________ ________and saved the _________ girl.
10．他信心十足地走上舞台做了精彩的演讲。
He got on the stage _________ and make a wonderful ________.
V. 从方框内选择一个词语并用其适当的形式完成下列短文。(10分)
I went to the hospital to have my left leg examined, because it often (1)______. I had waited at the bus station for nearly half an hour before one came in (2)______. Luckily, I was nearest to the bus when it stopped, so I got on it first. I took a seat near the window. After everyone was seated, including the young girl who was a conductor, the bus moved on. Soon the bus paused at the next stop and an old woman got on the bus, but there was no extra seat for her. With a mile, the conductor (3)_______ out her hand to hold her (4)______ and then (5)________ around, hoping to find a seat for the old woman. She asked a mid-aged man beside her, “Excuse me, sir. Could you give your seat to this lady ” But the man sat (6)_______ with his eyes closed, as if he had fallen asleep. “Why doesn’t she give hers to the old lady ” I was thinking about this when I heard, “Hi, that girl! Why don’t give your seat to this lady ” Though my leg hurt, I stood up and gave out my seat, still feeling glad and proud. (7)________, I heard two people (8)_________, “What a stupid girl!” “I know this old woman. She is the conductor’s mother!” Hearing this, I couldn’t help (9)________that I was fooled by the conductor. It’s the most (10)________ experience that I have never forgotten.
Key:
I. 1. truth 2. rougher 3. soft 4. freezes 5. experiments 6. data 7. footsteps 8. volunteers 9. destination 10. temporarily
II. 1. pay; back 2. banged into 3. warmed up 4. in sight 5. All of a sudden 6. was staring up at 7. blood pressure 8. made sense 9. is related to 10. was reaching out
III． 1-5 BDACB 6-10 BACBD
IV. 1. watch out for; changes 2. was frozen with 3. make; most/best of 4. made; progress 5. panicked; rang out 6. nowhere to be found/see 7. watching; distance 8. Hopefully; flown 9. in time; drowning 10. confidently; speech
V．1. ached 2. sight 3. reached 4. firmly 5. glancing 6. still 7. Suddenly 8. whispering 9. feeling 10. unpleasant
模块三Unit 2 词汇练习
I．根据所给首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词的完整形式。(10分)
1. With the __________ of the science, people will live a much happier life. (develop)
2. The people from Europe can be called ___________. (Europe)
3. The __________ of Russia had a bad effect on the life of the local people. (invade)
4. This story is about a stupid master and his two clever _________. (serve)
5. The number of the _________and sheep on this farm is increasing year by year. (ox)
6. Do you agree that one’s _________ will affect his reading speed (词汇量)
7. Only theory _________with practice can prove right and helpful. (结合)
8. It was the young musician who _________ composed the beautiful music. (最初)
9. Did you notice the two__________ names and their photos on the screen just now They have escaped from the nearby prison last night. (罪犯)
10. Two students ___________ their school to take part in the maths competition and carried off the first and second prizes.. (代表)
II. 从下列方框中找出一个合适的短语完成下列各句。(10分)
1. The happy family ____________four members, parents, their son and daughter.
2. I’m sorry, I must go and __________ my daughter from the kindergarten.
3. The UK was once ruled by France, but I don’t know when it ______________ by France.
4. He insisted on sending the mail to that company_______________ the heavy rain.
5. Our teacher stops us _____________ every new word while we are reading, he thinks it will limit our reading speed.
6. We all ______________our teacher’s health, when he was in hospital.
7. As we all know, smoking ____________ lung diseases.
8. Whether you will succeed ____________ what your goal is and how hard you work.
9. The weather in Hainan _____________that in Harbin when it is winter.
10. We must do what we can to solve the problem before it _____________ a bigger one.
III．选择填空。(10分)
1. These problems are so simple that I had ______________them out.
A. great difficulty working B. no difficulty working
C. great difficulty to work D. no difficulties in working
2. He thinks English is the most beautiful language in the world, and this is ___________.
A. what I disagree B. what I disagree with
C. where I disagree D. that I disagree about
3. The ______ looks on the children’s faces suggested that the question was really _______.
A. confused; confusing B. confused; confused
C. confusing; confused D. confusing; confusing
4. They haven’t a baby for years, that’s why they are considering _______ an orphan.
A. adopting B. visiting C. receiving D. calling
5. Everyone should ________and keep still when the national flag is being___________.
A. rise; risen B. raise; risen C. raise; rising D. rise; raised
6. He _______ surfs the Internet, twice a month at the most.
A. usually B. occasionally C. frequently D. eventually
7. Every time he is late for school, he will _________ an excuse. Which is not right for the blank
A. invent B. makes up C. create D. look
8. CO2 is a chemical _________ for carbon dioxide.
A. sign B. mark C. symbol D. score
9. Vegetables _______a lot of vitamins, Vitamin B_________.
A. include; contained B. contain; included
C. include; included D. contain; contained
10. Don’t _______ the bridge newly-built ______ the river.
A. cross; across B. cross; cross C. across; cross D. across; across
IV. 根据所给汉语完成下列各句。(10分)
1．听到脚步声，鸟儿向四处飞散了。
_________ the steps, the birds _________ away ________ all __________.
2. 他向我许诺说他会发明新机器来代替旧机器。
He _________ to me that he would invent a new machine to ____________ the old one.
3. 这个部门为如何使用汉字确定了标准.。
The __________ set a _____________ for how to use Chinese ____________.
4. 尽管有令禁止传播这个消息, 但是第二天市民还是都知道了。
Although there was a __________ on ___________ the news, still the citizen all knew about it the next morning.
5．汽车无法到达他家，我们只好步行。
There is no _________ __________ his house by car, so we had to walk.
6．在他的正确指导下，这座城市与十年前大不相同了。
Under the correct _________of him, this city _______ greatly _______ ________ it was 20 years ago.
7．这首诗反映诗人热爱生活和大自然。
The poet’s love for life and nature ___________ ____________ in this poem.
8．这个词有两种读音，但我原来不知。
This word has two _____________, which was ___________ __________ me before.
9．我们要尽力使问题简单化，而不是复杂化。
We should try to ___________ the problem _________ of making it more___________.
10．就整体而言，他们的行动是成功的。
__________ a ___________, their __________ was successful.
V. 从方框内选择一个词语并用其适当的形式完成下列短文。(10分)
English is most widely spoken (1)_________ the world. Some people speak it as their (2)________, while other people use it as their second language or (3)__________ language. Some students may think that the English language has so many irregular rules which often make them (4)________. That is because it has borrowed large (5)__________from other languages, (6)_________ French, German, Spanish, and even Chinese. Since it is a very useful language, it requires learning in schools from primary schools to universities in China. What is the best way to learn English is a question which most students (7)________. In my opinion, firstly, believe in yourself that you can learn it well just as others. Secondly, you should form the habit of thinking in English. Thirdly, you should keep on reading and speaking English as often as you can. You shouldn’t (8)_______every new word while reading. In a word, hard working (9)________with a good method surely (10)_______ better English.
模块三Unit 2 词汇练习参考答案：
I. 1. development 2. Europeans 3. invasion 4. servants 5. oxen 6. vocabulary 7. combined 8. originally 9. prisoners’ 10. represented
II. 1. consists of 2. pick up 3. was taken control of 4. despite of 5. looking up 6. cared about 7. contributes to 8. depends on 9. differs from 10. turns into
III. 1-5 BCAAD 6-10 BDCBA
IV. 1. Hearing; flew; in; directions 2. promised; replace 3. department; standard; characters 4. ban; spreading 5. access to 6. directions 7. is reflected 8. pronunciations; unknown to 9. simplify; instead; complex 10. As; whole; action
V. 1. throughout 2. mother tongue 3. official 4. confused 5. vocabulary 6. including 7. care about 8. look up 9. combined 10. contributes to
模块三Unit 3 词汇练习
I．根据所给首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词的完整形式。(10分)
1. As is known to everyone, the UN stands for the U___________ Nations..
2. Beijing is the capital of China, as well as the political and c__________ centre of China
3. When I came in, I found him b_________ in his research, so he didn’t notice me at all.
4. A bombe e__________ in the market, resulting in a few deaths and more injuries
5. Almost all high schools and colleges have at least a week of m_________ training, which gives the students a good chance to experience the soldiers’ lives.
6. With the ________(形成)of the Qin Dynasty, China was united as one country for the first time.
7. It is in the Gebi Desert that the ___________(考古学家)got lost and has no longer been found.
8. They are American ___________(公民), but at the present, they are on a visit to China.
9. The ___________(纪念碑) was built in memory of those who died for the people.
10. The emperor was cruel to his people and that is why his dynasty was ________ (推翻) soon.
II. 从下列方框中找出一个合适的短语完成下列各句。(10分)
1. I promise to invite you to dinner __________your help.
2. Let me ___________looking after these children. You can go to the next room for a rest.
3. Paper money has been ____________ in China for thousands of years.
4. Confucius’ idea, part of Chinese ancient culture, ___________ on people’s opinions and behaviors.
5. What do farmers _______ the horses and cows _______ when winter comes and there is no green grass
6. Since these machines are still ___________, why can’t we make full use of them
7. Since we have worked out the plan, we must stick to it and ________it _______ soon.
8. Please make sure that all the passengers are __________before the plane takes off.
9. Every year, we take part in all kinds of activities _________ the heroes who died for the people.
10. What you said almost ________ him ________. I think he is still angry with you now.
III．选择填空。(10分)
1. . His camera got _______ when it fell to the ground. Luckily, he was able to repair it.
A. destroyed B. damaged C. ruined D. hurt
2. When I stepped in, I found Professor Li _______ in his experiment.
A. buried B. burying C. bury D. being buried
3. He became more _______ by publishing the _______ of famous writers.
A. wealth; work B. wealthy; work C. wealthy; works D. wealth; works
4. After the strong earthquake, the city of Tangshan lay in complete _______.
A. ruin B. ruins C. piece D. remain
5. When _______ the food, he heard the great noise, sounding like a bomb exploding. .
A. heat B. heated C. heating D. to heat
6. I will lend you the dictionary ________you return it before Friday.
A. in condition that B. in conditions C. on condition D. on condition that
7. We shouldn’t ignore(忽视) the ________ the parents have _______their children.
A. affect; for B. influence; on C. effect; for D. influence; for
8. Great continuous noise may ________ me _______.
A. make; angrily B. drive; madly C. drive; mad D. take; mad
9. We caught the tiger ________and sent it to the zoo.
A. alive B. live C. living D. lively
10. After all the honored guests arrived, the host ________ the start of the party.
A. declared B. said C. announced D. claimed
IV. 根据所给汉语完成下列各句。(10分)
1. 不幸的是全城的人都被活埋了。
_________, all the _______ were berried __________.
2．这就是通往文件保管室的唯一通道。
This is the only _________ to the room where the __________ were kept.
3．尽管是座木质寺庙，可它仍然保存得很好。
Though it is a ________ temple, it remains ________ good _________.
4．那个富庶的商业城市逐渐地被沙尘埋没了。
_________, the ________ _________ city was covered by sand.
5. 这还要看你想把墙漆成什么颜色。
It ________ to _______ _________ what color you’d like to have the walls ________.
6. 这两个词有许多相似，容易引起混淆。
The two words have lots of _________, which often cause _________.
7. 在美国，总统有对别国宣战的权利。
In the _________ State, the ________ has the right to ________ war against another country.
8. 揭开墓室后，他们发现了许多贵重的东西。
After ________ the ________ chamber, they discovered lots of valuable things.
9. 一些热心的市民希望看到这个计划不久得以实施。
Some _______ ________ wish to see the plan ________ ________ soon.
10. 在这场战斗中，许多日本飞机和战舰被摧毁。
A lot of Japanese ________ and ________ were ________ in the ________.
V. 从方框内选择一个词语并用其适当的形式完成下列短文。(10分)
It was night and dark, people were sleeping sound in the small town located at the foot of the mountain when strange light suddenly occurred in the sky, with slight shakes of the earth. There was much smoke as well with a strong smell of sulfur. Much (1)________ was shot into the air and fell in the form of stones and (2)________. A lot of more lava (3)________ out of the volcano. The lava rushed to the valley, where lay the town. When people were (4)________ by the noise, it was too late for them to escape. They shouted and cried, which lasted less than two hours. It was proved the sudden (5)________ of the volcano killed all the people except a few people who were not in the town. Everything was either (6)________ or buried. The next day, the sun came from the horizon as usual, but the town no longer (7)________.
Centuries later, a group of people led by an (8)________ came to this place where the town was. They began to dig and they found lots of coins, living things as well as bones of humans and animals. All the (9)________ of the town dug out proved that the town was an important (10)________ center at that time.
模块三Unit 3 词汇练习参考答案：
I. 1. United 2. cultural 3. buried 4. exploded 5. military 6. forming 7. archeologist 8. citizens 9. memorial 10. overthrown
II. 1. in return for 2. take over 3. in use 4. has influence on 5. feed; with 6. in good condition 7. carry; out 8. on board 9. in remember of 10. drove; mad
III. 1-5BACBC 6-10 DBCAC
IV. 1. Unfortunately / Unluckily 2. passage; documents 3. wooden; in; condition 4. Gradually; wealthy commercial 5. remains; be seen 6. similarities; confusion 7. United; president; declare 8. uncovering; burial 9. concerned citizens; carried out 10. airplanes; battleships; destroyed; fighting
V. 1. lava 2. ashes 3. flowed 4. woken up 5. eruption 6. destroyed 7. existed 8. archaeologist 9. remains mercial
in sight; stare up at; pay back; be related to; reach out; make sense; blood pressure; warm up; all of a sudden; bang into;
reach; sudden; whisper; pleasant; sight; feel; glance; ache; still; firm
depend on; consist of; pick up; despite of; contribute to;
differ from; turn into; look up; care about; take control of;
vocabulary; throughout; include; contributes to; official; look up; confuse; combine; care about; mother tongue
take over; drive…mad; in good condition; feed…with…; carry out; on board; in member of; have influence on; in use; in return for
exist, lava, commerce, remain, ash, flow, destroy, wake up, archaeology, erupt
21世纪教育网（原课件中心网站） www.21cnjy.com 第 5 页 共 8 页影响力位居国内前列教育资源网
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牛津英语模块三Unit 1 重点句型在线
句型I．“连词Once /When/If等引导省略的状语从句 + 主句”
【要点提示】在主从复合句中，当连词once, when, if, unless, even though等引导的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，状语从句的主语和助动词可以省略，而仅保留“once / when / if 等+v-ing / v-ed / 表语（adj /adv/ prep）”。当状语从句为主动式时，连词后接v-ing；当状语从句表示被动式时，则连词后接v-ed。此外，当状语从句的主语不与主句主语一致，而是it时，也可以采用省略的表达法。
【课本例句】
① Once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop. (P2)
一旦到了外面街道上，她就快步向常去的车站。
② While having dinner, listen to some enjoyable music rather than watch TV.(P9)
吃饭时，听一听让人舒心的音乐而不要去看电视。
③ If possible, I’d like some time to think it over. (P 16)
如有可能，我需要点时间仔细地考虑它。
④ When attacking in this way, the shark waits for you to swim by and attacks you suddenly. （P18）当用这种方法时，鲨鱼会等你从旁游过时突然攻击你。
【牛刀小试】
1. While ________ with difficulties, he acts bravely.
A. face B. facing C. faced D. is faced
2. She is a quiet girl, she often remains silent ________ .
A. unless speaking to B. unless spoken to
C. when speaking to D. once spoken to
句型II．“名词+be +that等引导表语从句”
【要点提示】表语从句是指一个句子在另一个句子中充当表语成份，表语从句通常是对主语的解释，说明其内涵、性质等。通常能接表语从句的名词有truth, explanation, news, word, information, reason, possibility, fact, question等。引导表语从句的连词有以下几种情况：A）表语从句为陈述句时且从句不缺成份时用that引导，且that一般不宜省略。B）当表语从句表“是否”疑问选择时，只能用whether不能用if。C) 当表语从句为疑问句时仍用疑问词来引导。注意：包括表语从句在内的任何从句都应当用陈述句语序。
【课本例句】
① The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that fast.（P 2）
实际情况是雾太大，汽车无法开那么快。
② One explanation is that women’s sense of smell developed long ago.（P 9）
有种解释说妇女的味觉很久前就有所发展。
【牛刀小试】
3. The reason why he was late is _________he was caught in the traffic jams this morning.
A. because B. that C. / D. whether
4. The urgent question is ____________ arrive here at the right time.
A. if the bus can B. if can the bus C. whether the bus can D. whether can the bus
句型III．“动词feel/ find/ see等+宾语+宾补v-ing”
【要点提示】动词feel / find / see / have / leave等后接名词或代词作宾语，其后宾语补足语若为宾语发出的动作且在谓语动作发生时正在进行，则用v-ing。若宾语承受该动作，且动作已完成，则应用v-ed。
【课本例句】
① She could feel her heart beating with fear. （P2）
她可以感觉到由于害怕而心脏砰砰地跳动。
② Polly found herself starring up at a man standing with his hand resting on her arm. （P3）
波莉发现自己正盯着一个站着的男人，那人将手放在她胳膊上。
③ She turned around and saw a woman in a beautiful dress walking in the painting.（P17）
她转过身来看到一个穿着漂亮衣服的妇女在画里走动。
【牛刀小试】完成下列句子。（每空一词）
5. 刷牙时，不要让水流个不停。
When _________ your teeth, don’t leave water _________ all the time.
6. 我抬头看到一架飞机正从头顶上飞过。
I looked up and saw a plane ________ _________ my head.
句型IV．“主语+特殊连系动词+表语”
【要点提示】“主语+连系动词+表语”是常见的简单句之一，但同学们对常见的连系动词be, get, turn, become较为熟悉；对smell, sound, taste, look, seem, keep等尚能理解，而对不常见的特殊连系动词，go（变得）, stay（处于）, remain（保持）, continue（继续）, lie（处于）, fall（变成）等就感到不可思义。其实连系动词有一定的词义，但它不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一道构成谓语，说明主语的状况。充当表语多为形容词，有时也有名词、副词、介词短语等。
特别注意：“主语+连系动词+表语”结构的句子，不能用被动语态。其中有些动词（turn, smell, taste, keep等）用作实义动词中的及物动词时才可以有被动式。
【课本例句】
① I can’t see your face, but you sound young. (P3) 我看不到你的脸，但你听起来年轻。
② The air sometimes smells very bad. (P6) 空气有时很难闻。
③ Poor people often have to go hungry. (P6) 人们常常只好挨饿。
④ We were very lucky because many ships had gone missing that night. (P12)
我们非常幸运，因为那天晚上许多船失踪了。
⑤ So long, that she fell asleep. (P17) 那么久，以致她睡着了。
【牛刀小试】(不限字数)
7. 这道菜看上去好看，尝起来也很美味。
The dish _____________ and ______________, too.
8. 要是天气持续高温，这些蔬菜会很快坏掉的。
If it _____________, these vegetables will ____________ soon.
句型V．“（主句）介词+宾语从句”
【要点提示】同学们对动词say, report, tell, wonder, ask, reply等后接宾语从句都很熟悉，但对于“介词+宾语从句”就感到不那么好对付。在这方面不少同学是吃过大亏的噢！因为它容易与“介词+关系代词引导的定语从句”相混淆，因而务必认真对待。A）“介词+宾语从句”的介词属于主句中的短语介词，而不是宾语从句中的介词；“介词+关系代词引导的定语从句”中的介词属于从句内容，且主句中有定语从句的先行词。B）介词后宾语从句为陈述句且不缺成份时用that引导，表示“是否”时用whether不用if。宾语从句为疑殊疑问句时仍用原来的疑问词。
【课本例句】
① Scientists are interested in whether the sense of smell is related to pain. (P9)
科学家们对嗅觉与疼痛有关感兴趣。
② The problem lies in that the mist may become a thick fog.(P10)
问题在于薄雾可能会变成大雾。
③ I didn’t tell him anything except that I wasn’t able to find my way back.(P10)
我只告诉他说我找不到回去的路了。
【牛刀小试】
9. The twins are different ________ they show interest in different subjects.
A. from that B. from which C. in which D. in that
10. I was not sure of ________ he was able to survive the air crash.
A. that B. if C. whether D. which
11.你所说的应当与你所做的一致起来。
_______ you say should agree ________ ________ you do.
句型VI．“so+形容词/副词（a/an+名词）+that” 或“such（a/an）+形容词名词）+ that”
【要点提示】这一结构中要注意so和such与被修饰词之间的排列顺序，修饰某个名词性词语时常用such来表达，只有名词为单数时才可用so来表示。如：“such beautiful flowers”不能说“so beautiful flowers”，而“such an important meeting”也可说成“so important a meeting”，其后连词that引导结果状语从句。特别注意这一句型与先行词被such / so / same / as修饰时后接定语从句的区别：从句的成份完整时是状语从句，从句缺少主语、宾语时通常用关系代词as来引导，缺少表语时一般用关系代词that来引导。
【课本例句】
① There was such a terrible snowstorm that I could hardly see.(P11)
如此大的暴风雪以致我看不见。
② Sandy had stared at the painting for so long that she began to feel sleepy. (P15)
桑迪盯着画看了好久以致她开始觉得瞌睡了。
③ She was so tired that she had to find a chair to sit on.（P17）
她如此累以致她不得不找个椅子坐。
【牛刀小试】
12. As my birthday present from Mum, I’d like to have such a nice sweater _________ Kate is wearing.
A. as B. like C. that D. /
13. He ate _________ much delicious food __________he felt pain in his stomach yesterday.
A. so; that B. such ; that C. so; as D. such; as
句型VII．“主语+ be + likely + to do sth”
【要点提示】这一结构表示“某人很可快做某事”，句中likely为形容词，不定式由主语发出。注意形容词possible和probable不能用于该结构。若改用句型“It (形式主语)+ be + adj +that从句”时，则三个词都可以用，只是判断的把握性大小不同。
【课本例句】
①The latter two types of attack are more likely to be deadly for humans.（P18）
后两种攻击对人类来说很可能是致命的。
【牛刀小试】
14. Look at the clouds, It’s ________to rain this afternoon.
A. possible B. probable C. likely D. like
15. 他的疾病可能与他的血压有关。
A) His illness is _________ to be linked to his blood pressure.
B) It’s ___________that his illness is linked to his blood pressure.
C) __________, his illness is linked to his blood pressure.
Key:
1. C 某人面对困难应为 “sb face difficulties”或 “sb be faced with difficulties”， 从题干可知，表示被动。 2. B 表示被动，根据句题应用unless。 3. B 当主语为reason时，其表语从句只能用that引导。 4. C 表语从句表示“是否时”用whether不能用if，且从句用陈述句语序。 5. brushing; running 6. flying over 7. looks nice; tastes delicious 8. continues hot; go bad 9. D. 表示“在某方面不同时”用 be different in，介词后接宾语从句。 10. C. 介词后接宾语从句表示“是否”时用whether不能用if。 11. What; with what 12. A. 定语从句,先行词被such修饰时关系代词用as。 13. A从句成分完整，故用that引导结果状语从句，名词被much, many, few, little等表示“多少”修饰时，用so不用such。 14. C. 主语it是不定式动作to rain的发出者，故只能用likely. 15. A) likely B) likely / possible / probable C) Possibly / Probably / Likely
牛津英语模块三Unit 2 重点句型在线
重点句型I：“（形式主语）It +谓语 +（真实主语）不定式/动名词或从句”
【要点提示】当不定式、动名词或从句作主语（尤其是这此成份较长）时，为了保持句子稳妥，避免头重脚轻，英语中习惯用形式主语it代替主语，而将这些真正的主语后置。此外，当不定式、动名词或从句作宾语，其后接形容词等作宾语补足语时，也用it作形式宾语。注意：it的这种语法替代作用不能用其它代词来替换。
【课本例句】
① It is certain that we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. (P22)
要是我们今天听到它了，肯定是听不明白的。
② It is interesting to learn how the words for animals and meat developed (P23)
了解有关动物和肉类单词的发展是有意思的。
③ It is easy to guess their meanings by looking at their forms. (P38)
看着它们的外形是容易猜出它们的意思的。
④ It takes up a lot of my time traveling to Beijing. (P30)
去北京要花去我好多时间的。
⑤ If a person from the south of England goes to the north, he or she may find it difficult to understand what people there are saying. (P23)
如果有人到英国北部去，他或她可能会发现很难听懂那儿的人在说什么。
重点句型II. “（副词）However, + 句子”
【要点提示】however作副词时意为“然而；可是”。A）用于一句话的开头，表明这句与前先前所述内容有转折关系，这时however须大写，其后用逗号与句子分开。B）用于两个并列分句中的后一个分句中，两个分句之前常用分号“;”隔开，这时however在句中的位置较灵活，它还可以置于分句前、句中、甚至句末。
【课本例句】
① However, the Norman Conquest did not have the same result that the Germanic invasion had had about 600 years earlier. (P22) 然而，诺曼人的征服没有出现像600年前日尔曼人侵略时的结果。
② However, French did not replace English as the first language. (P23)
可是，法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。
③ However, not all characters are used to describe objects. (P38)
然而，并不是所有的文字都是用来描述物体的。
重点句型III.“并列句+while+并列句”
【要点提示】while除了引导时间状语外，同学们对它还可以作并列连词知之甚少。不少学生一看到while引导一个句子时就认为是状语从句，并错误地认为可以与when或as相互替换，其实不然。这样凭经验、相当然地做题，其结果不言而喻。我们做题时要综合考虑才能作出正确的判断。while作并列连词时可以强调前后“对比”关系，与并列连词but意义相近。注意：while只能出现在后一个并列分句前。
【课本例句】
① The words we use for most animals raised for food, such as ox, cow, sheep and pig, come from Old English, while the words for the meat people eat come from French: beef, mutton, pork and bacon. (P23) 我们用来代指肉食动物像ox，cow, sheep和pig来自古英语，而指人们食用的肉如beef, mutton, pork和bacon都来自法语。
② After the Norman Conquest, upper class people spoke French while common people spoke English. (P23) 在诺曼人征服后，上流阶级说法语而普通百姓讲英语。
重点句型IV.“It is/was +被强调部分+that(/who)+句子”
【要点提示】当我们对句中除谓语动词外的其它成份主语、表语、宾语、状语等强调时可以用“It is/was +被强调部分+that(/who)+句子”。判断it开头的句型是否是强调结构是去掉“It is / was…that / who”后看是否能不添加任何词就能构成一个完整的句子。若能则是强调结构，若不能，则不是强调结构。注意：A）it后的be动词通常只有两种形式is和was。 B）被强调部分指人的名词或代词时，that也可改用who。 C）若是强调对人的提问，引who开头的强调结构，则用that来连结。D）原句为含not…until…的句型应改为“It is/ was not until…that…”的形式。
【课本例句】
① It was last night that I read about the history of English. (P30)
就在昨晚我阅读了英语语言史。
② It is Singapore that I’ve just returned from. (P31)
我是从新加坡回来的。
重点句型V.“(句子)+by + v-ing (方式状语)”
【要点提示】“介词by + v-ing”意为“通过做某事”，它是句子的状语部分，它说明了谓语动作发生的方式。有时还在by介词短语前加only、just等副词进行修饰或强调。
【课本例句】
① Chinese words are often formed by combining different characters. (P38)
汉语通常是通过将不同的汉字结合起来构成的。
② “Rest” was made by putting the characters for a man and a tree together. (P38)
“休”这个字是通过把人和树放在一起编成的。
③ It is easy to guess their meaning by looking at their forms. (P38)
看着他们的形式是容易猜出它们意思的。
【牛刀小试】
I．选择。
1. —How did you achieve your success
—Only by _________to it and ________hard.
A. sticking; working B. stick; work C. sticking; work D. stick; working
2. ________ is said in the newspaper _________ their team have win the match.
A. It; / B. As; / C. As; and D. It; that
3. He wanted very much to have a skating board, ________ , he didn’t ask his parents for one.
A. but B. however C. as if D. and
4. _______ he was walking along the street, he met one of his old classmates.
A. While B. As C. When D. All the above
5. Do you think ________ easy to work out this problem in five minutes
A. that B. this C. it D. its
6. _______telephoned you when you were talking to your boss yesterday
A. Who was it who B. It was who that
C. Who was it that D. It was who
7. It _________ three weeks ________ I stay on my uncle’s farm last year.
A. was; that B. was; when C. were; that D. were; when
8. I do every single bit of housework _____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A. since B. while C. when D. as
II.根据汉语完成下列句子。
1．他只好靠卖水果来维持生计。
He had to _________a living _________ __________ fruit.
2．昨天直到大家都到了，会议才开始的。(强调)
________was _______ ________ everyone arrived ________ the meeting began yesterday.
3．他喜欢篮球，而他妹妹却喜欢网球。
He likes basketball, _________ his sister enjoys _________ tennis.
4．她前天来晚了，可她还是提前完成了她的工作。
She came late the day _______ yesterday, _______, she still finished her work _______ of time.
5．和他争论这样的问题是浪费时间。
_________ a waste of time __________ such question with him.
Key: I. 1-5 ADBDC 6-8 CAB
II. 1. make / earn; by selling 2. It; not until; that 3. while; playing 4. before; however; ahead 5. It’s; arguing
牛津英语模块三Unit 3 重点句型在线
重点句型I：make +宾语+ 表示“职位”的名词
【要点提示】 动词make, elect等动词后可接“宾语+名词”构成的复合宾语，名词作宾语的补足语。注意：表示“职位”的名词为单数时，前面不能加不定冠词修饰，但可以带物主代词等修饰语。
In 1861, Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United State.
1861年，亚伯拉罕 林肯当选为美国总统。
【课本例句】
1. Who was made director of the Pompeii dig in 1860 (P42)
1860年谁被委任为庞贝城挖掘主管？
2. They made Professor Zhang chairman of the society. (P48)
他们推举张教授为社团主席。
3. She made Joe and Sue her assistants. (P48)
她让乔和苏做她的助手。
重点句型II：表示地点的介词短语或副词+助动词+主语（名词）
【要点提示】 当表示地点的介词短语或副词置于句首且句子的主语为名词时，句子常采取“主谓完全倒装”的词序。一些表示动作方向的副词away, out, in, off, up, down或否定意义的词hardly, seldom, never, little, nothing等置于句首且主语为名词时，也要倒装。如：
There goes the bell! Let’s hurry! 铃响了！咱们快点！
Out rushed the boy when he heard the noise. 听到响声时，男孩冲了出去。
【课本例句】
Near the city was a volcano called Vesuvius. (P42)
城市附近有一座叫维苏威的火山。
重点句型III：so+助动词+主语
【要点提示】 当前句对A的肯定陈述同时也适用于B时，常采用“so+助动词+主语（B）”来表示“B也是如此”。若对A的否定陈述也适于B时，应说“neither / nor +助动词+主语（B）”。 如果对A的描述出现了复杂的动词或时态，这种情况也适合B时，则应用“so it is with B”或“It’s the same with B”。如：
If he doesn’t go tomorrow, neither/nor will I. 如果他明天不去，我也不去。
—Jack is English but likes Chinese food. 杰克是英国人但喜欢中国菜。
—So it is with Mike. / It’s the same with Mike. 迈克也是如此。
【课本例句】
Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city! (P42)
不幸的是，所有的人都被活埋了，城市也是！
重点句型IV：as+主语+谓语（+其它）
【要点提示】连词as作“正如；像”引导陈述时，表示“（就）像……”，引导一个状语从句。这类结构的句子英语中屡见不鲜。如：
Please leave everything as it is. 请保留一切原样。
You are great as you are. 你本来的样子就很好。
【课本例句】
1. Today I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2000 years ago. (P43)
今天我看到了古罗马的庞贝城, 正如它2000年前一样。
2. I saw streets just as they had been with stepping stones along the road. (P42)
我看到的街道就和过去的一样，沿路铺设了踏板石。
3. They are kept exactly as they were 2,000 years ago. (P43)
它们完全保存着2000年前的样子。
重点句型V：主语+ be + too/so + 形容词 + 不定式
【要点提示】too… to …通常表示否定意义“太……而不……”，这时副词too不能改为very。但被too修饰的形容词为glad, happy等时，句子表示肯定之意。而so…to… 表示肯定之意“如此/非常……（做）……”，其中副词so相当于very之义。如：
I’m only too glad to hear the result. 我听到这个消息太高兴了。
She was so excited when she knew she had won a prize in the lottery.
当她听到她彩票中奖时，她非常激动。
【课本例句】
1. I was too tired to eat anything we were given. (P43) 我大累了没有吃所给的任何东西。
2. I was so excited to be here! (P43) 我非常兴奋地来到这里。
重点句型VI：主语+prevent+宾语+（from）doing sth
【要点提示】prevent (stop / keep) sb from doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”，其中当动词为prevent / stop时，介词from可以省略，句意不变，该句型中的from doing sth是由宾语发出。注意：不带介词from时，keep sb doing sth表示“让某人不停地做着某事”。当谓语动词为prevent / stop，宾语后的动作由主语发出时，则用不定式作目的状语。试较：
We must prevent / stop such things happening again. 我们必须阻止这类事情的再发生。
We must prevent / stop pollutions to live a better life. 我们应当阻止污染来过上更好的生活。
【课本例句】
1. But even that didn’t prevent the city from being buried by sand. (P43)
尽管那样也没有阻止城市被沙丘埋没。
重点句型VII：Not only +(倒装句)，but also+(陈述句)
【要点提示】not only…but also为列连词，可以用在一个句子中连结并列的主语、谓语、宾语、定语及状语。连结主语时，谓语动词采取就近一致的原则。它也可以连结两个并列的分句，这时not only引导的并列分句应采取部分倒装，而but also分句不倒装。also也可置于主语（且动词）之后。如：
Not only did he refuse the present, but also he criticized the man.（或but he also …）
他不仅拒绝了礼物，而且还批评了那个人。
【课本例句】
Not only was Rome a city and a republic, but it was also to become the capital of one of the largest empires in history. (P 58)罗马不仅是一座城市、一个共和国，而且也会成为历史上最大帝国之一的首都。
【趁热打铁】
I. 单项选择。
1. The police stopped the traffic _________ the children cross the street.
A. from letting B. letting C. to let D. and letting
2. She was only too happy to see you. This sentence means that she was________.
A. so happy to see you. B. not happy and didn’t want to see you
C. unhappy and wanted to see you. D. happy but didn’t want to see you.
3. Not only ________ kind to me, but also ________ much help to me.
A. he is; he does B. is he; he does C. is he; does he do D. he is; does he do
4. I promise that if he _________ tomorrow, ___________.
A. goes; so do I B. goes; so I do C. will go; so will I D. goes; so will I
5. —I was out and saw a wonderful film last night.
— __________. But why didn’t I see you at the cinema
A. So was I B. So did I C. Nor was I D. So it is with me
6. Known ________ his skill, he was made_________ of the national football team.
A. for; captain B. for; the captain C. as; captain D. as; a captain
7. It took them two years to rebuild the city ______ it _______200 years before.
A. as; was B. as; had been C. like; was D. like; is
8. On the wall ______ some paintings.
A. are hanged B. hangs C. hang D. is hung
I. 1-5 CABDD 6-10 ABC
II. 根据汉语完成下列句子。
1. 他不仅听说过那个地方，他还去过那儿一次。
_______ _______ ______ he heard of that place, ______ he has ______ been there once.
2. 她用一张纸把它遮起来不让别人看。
She covered it _______ a piece of paper to prevent it ________ ________ by others.
3. 一听到这个消息，他激动得说不出话来。
_______ hearing, he got ________ ________ ________say a word.
4. 他英明而又勇敢，所以他被委为司命官。
He was wise and _________, so he was made _________.
5. 经理说：“请保持我办公室内一切原样。”
The manager said, “ Please leave _________ in my office ________ it ________”
6. 她说如果我加入这个俱乐部，她也参加。
She said _______ if I _________this club, ________would she.
7. 博物馆位于医院的东面。
________ the east of the hospital ________ the museum.
Key:
I. 1-5 CABDD 6-10 ABC
II. 1. Not only has; but; also 2. with; being seen 3. On / Upon; too excited to 4. brave; commander 5. everything; as; is 6. that; join; so 7. To; lies / is
“主谓一致”焦点问题访谈
问题一： 什么是“主谓一致”三原则？
答：这是谓语随主语人称和数而变化遵循的三种一致原则, 通常一个句子采用一种原则。如：
1) 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
2)意义一致：指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，只要主语表示复数意义，谓语动词就得用复数形式；主语表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数形式。
3) 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。
问题二：哪些情况主语看似复数形式，而谓语却用单数形式的？
答：1. 由and连结两部分，实质上表示一个概念，这时谓语动词用单数。 A horse and cart一辆卡车，bread and butter黄油面包；a knife and fork一副刀叉；the worker and writer工人兼作家。如：
The worker and writer has gone to Beijing for a conference.
2. physics, politics, maths, news等名词形式上虽为复数，但实指某一门学科或不可数名词，作主语时谓语应用单数。如：
Physics is much more interesting than politics.
Haven’t you heard the proverb that no news is good news
3. 一些表示国家、山脉、机构、著作等名称的名词形式虽为复数，而表示单数意义。这类词有；the United States美国, the Himalayas喜玛拉雅山, the United Nations联合国, the Arabian Nights《一千零一夜》等。如：
The United Nations is playing an more and more important role in keeping the world peace.
The Arabian Nights is a collection of interesting stories.
4. 不定式、动名词或主语从句中虽然有时有复数名词，但谓语一律用单数。如：
To pick apples is the only thing I want to do tomorrow.
Eating a lot of fruit and vegetables is good for your health.
Where they should put the machines is a big problem they most want to solve.
When and where they will have the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
注意：若为多个并列不定式、动名词或主语从句作主语，则谓语动词用复数。如：
Delivering newspapers and cleaning the offices are her daily job.
Where he’s gone and when he’ll return remains unknown to us.
5. 表示时间、长度、价值等概念的复数名词通常将其视为一个整体，谓语用单数。如：
More than two years has passed since I came to this school.
Two hundred yuan is a large sum of money for her.
6. more than one, many a, every…and every…, each…and …each…等用于主语部分时，谓语用单数。如：
More than one student has been to the Great Wall.
Many a boy has played this popular computer game.
Each boy and each girl has got a copy of dictionary.
问题三：哪些情况主语形式为单数，而谓语动词却用复数？
答：1. police, people, youth等外形式似乎为单数，而实为复数意义，谓语应用复数形式。如：
Police were called in to keep the peace.
The people of China are all wise, brave and hard-working.
2. 由“the +形容词”构成的表示一类人，谓语常用复数。如：
The old are the people we should be polite to.
The injured have been sent to the nearest hospital.
问题四：哪些情况谓语应视具体情况而定？
答：1．Family, class, government, committee, audience 等作主语时，若表示整体意义，则谓语动词用单数，作侧重指各个成员时，谓语动词用复数。如：
His family is small but a happy one.
His family were all at table when I got there.
2. “a number of+复数名词”作主语时谓语用复数，“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语应用单数。如：
A number of students missed school yesterday, the number of whom was six.
3. “half / the rest/ most / the following (of)+名词”作主语时，谓语取决于名词的单复数形式。
The rest of the people were happy when the rest of money was divided among them.
The following work was even more difficult for us.
4．None/neither作主语时，谓语用单数，而“none/neither +of+名词” 作主语时谓语可用单数，也可用复数。如：
None/Neither is correct in my opinion.
None/ Neither of the answers is / are right.
5. 名词后接有like, besides, as well as, including, for example, with, along/together with等短语时，谓语动词应取决于这些短语之前的名词形式。如：
Tom, together with his friends, is flying kites over there.
A lot of students, including John, have seen this film.
6. 先行词为 “one of+复数名词”时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式，若为 “ the only one of+复数名词” 时，则定语从句谓语动词用单数。如：
He was one of the students who were late this morning.
She is the only one of the girls who is able to play the violin in my class.
7. 以what引导的主语从句，通常谓语动词取决于后面的名词形式。如：
What we have are books and what we need is money.
8．“the population of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，当population前被分数词，百分数修饰时，谓语动词用复数。如；
The population of the world is still growing all the time.
About 80% of China’s population are farmers.
9 由并列连词either…or…; neither… nor…, not only…but also…引导的并列结构作主语时，谓语动词与最靠近的部分保持一致。如：
Not only I but also he has seen the film.
Are either you or he to make a speech at the meeting tomorrow
10. sheep, means等单复数形式相同的名语作主语时根据修饰语来判断。如：
Every possible means has been tried out.
All possible means have been tried out.
11. “单数名词 +or two”作主语时，谓语动词作单数；“one or two+ 复数名词”作主语谓语动词用复数。
An apple or two is enough for you
One or two apples are enough for you. .
I. 单项选择。
1. It _________ I, who ________ your best friend, that will everything to help you.
A. is; is B. am; is C. is; am D. am; am
2. What he has _________books and what he needs _________ money.
A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are
3. The United Nations ________ an international group that ________ (be) made up of 191 countries.
A. is; is B. are; is C. are; are D. are ; is
4. Every possible means _________ been tried. That is to say that all possible means _______ been tried.
A. have; has B. has; has C. have; have D. has; have
5. Every boy and every girl ___________ this game.
A. are fond of B. are interested in C. is interested in D. care for
6. Police ________ been called in to keep the peace in this area.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
7. Two thirds of the country __________ covered by forests in the past, but now nearly half of the forests __________ been destroyed in the past ten years.
A. were; has B. was have C. were; have D. was; has
8. —_______either you or I_______ going to make a speech at the meeting
—Yes, one of us will have to.
A．Are; / B. Is; / C. Are; am D. Am; are
9. The worker and poet ________ to Beijing already. He won’t be back until next Wednesday.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
10. A number of students ______ absent today, the number of whom _____five.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
11. The rest of the people ______ angry when they find that the rest of money ______ been wasted.
A. are; has B. are; have C. is; have D. is; has
12. John, together with his friends, ________playing football over there.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
13. The population of China _____ the largest in the world and 80% of the population ______ farmers.
A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are
14. I guess more than one student in my class _______ seen the film.
A. were B. was C. has D. have
15. Mary is the only one of the students who ________late for class this morning.
A. were B. be C. are D. was
II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. How time flies! More than two weeks _______(pass) already.
2. Neither he nor I _______(be) a basketball player, because we just like watching others to play.
3. Where and when to go _________(not decide) yet. Maybe we need to have another discussion.
4. Maths, as well as physics__________(be) a bit difficult, but you should never drop it.
5. The Green family _________(be) not big, and all ________(enjoy) Chinese food.
6. Everyone except Tom and John _________(be) there when the meeting began.
7. This kind of glasses ________(sell) well here. But glasses of that kind ________(not sell) well.
8. I hear clothes _______(be) on sale at half price. How much ______ this pair of trousers ______(cost)
9. Each boy and each girl of this class _________( invite) to Mr. White’s party yesterday.
10. Two hundred yuan ________(be) quite a large sum of money to me.
11. What he thinks about___________(be) how he can serve people better.
12. Not only I but also Li Lei ___________( see) the film already.
13. Eating a lot of fruit and vegetables ___________(do) good to your health.
14. Regular exercise combined with healthy diet _________(contribute) to a longer life.
15. I’m afraid I can’t get full mark, for a mistake or two _________(make) in the exam.
Key:
I. 1-5 CBADC 6-10DBADD 11-15ABBCD
II. 1. has passed 2. am 3. hasn’t been decided 4. is 5. is; enjoy 6. was 7. sells; don’t sell 8. are; does; cost 9. has been invited 10. is 11. is 12. has seen 13. does 14. contributes 15.has been
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高一牛津模块三Unit 1 易混词语辨析
I. observe / watch / notice / stare
1. Though I don’t play basketball, I often ________ Yao Ming play it on TV.
2. With a microscope, he _________ the microbes keeps a diary every day.
3. She _______ at me angrily and shouted, “Where is my MP3!”
4. If I had _____ the sign “NO SMOKING!”, I wouldn’t have offered you a cigarette.
答案：1. watch 2. observes 3. stared 4. noticed
简析：watch侧重专注地“观看”，尤其指观看宾语发出的动作。observe强调主语为获得相关信息而客观地“观察”宾语的变化情况，包括天体、微生物、作物的变化过程等，当它表示“注意到”时与notice相近。stare表示“凝视；盯着看”，作不及物动词时加介词at再接宾语。notice多指无意识当中“注意到；看到”，事先并无目的性。
[及时小练习] 根据汉语从上面选词完成句子（下同）。
A）我们站在海边看着轮船在远方消失。
We stood on the beach and _______ the ship disappear in the distance.
II. sight / view / scene
1. From the top of the tower, you can have a good _________ of the city.
2. Suddenly he caught _________ a bus moving towards him.
3. The play contains four acts, each of which is made up of two _______.
答案：1. view 2. sight 3. scenes
简析：view多指从某人特定或较高的位置上视力所及的“风景,景色”。引申义可表示“观点；看法”，如in my view依我看来。sight通常指看到的“景象；情景”，如catch/lose sight of…看（不）到。它表示“视力”时不可数，lose one’s sight失明。此外sight还可指“名胜、风景”， 这时一般用复数， sights of London伦敦的名胜古迹。scene可指戏剧、电影等的“场景、布景”； 指“风景”时着重指眼前景色的特征。The sunrise is a beautiful scene. 日出是一道美丽的风景。此外scene还有“出事点”的意思，如the scene of a traffic accident。
[及时小练习]
B) 看到地上的血迹，她觉得想要呕吐。
The ________ of blood on the ground made her feel like throwing out.
III. beat / hit / knock / hurt
1. What you said at the meeting _________ her deeply.
2. We ________ the football team from another school yesterday.
3. A car from behind _________ him down, and he lay on the road, unable to move.
4. His father got so angry that he _______ him in the face.
答案：1. hurt 2. beat 3. knocked 4. hit
简析：hurt作及物动词时表示对肉体和精神上的“伤害”，作不及物动词时指某部位“疼痛”。beat作“击败”时，其宾语为“对手”，作“敲打、击打”时侧重动作的反复性，如海浪拍打海岸或雨水打在门窗上，此外，beat还可表示心脏的“跳动”。knock 表示用力地“撞击”，knock into sb 撞上某人；knock at the door / window敲门（窗）。 hit 仅此一次的“击；打”，如The stone hit him on the head. 石块打在他的头上。
[及时小练习]
C) He felt his heart was _________ fast when he heard the exiting new.
IV. still / quiet / silent / calm
1. The photographer told us to keep _______ while he was taking photos.
2. After the storm, the sea remained ________again.
3. She kept _______ over this matter for fear of lose her job.
4. It’s too noisy here, Let’s go and find a ________place.
答案：1. still 2. calm 3. silent 4. quiet
简析：still作形容词和副词侧重“静止不动”。calm多指天气、海洋平静，也可以表示人“沉着、冷静”。silent侧重“不说话的、无声的”，如keep silent over sth对某事闭口不说；a silent film无声电影。quiet多指环境“安静的”，也可指人“文静的；寡言少语”。
[及时小练习]
D）她坐在那儿一动不动，好像是睡着了。
She sat there ________, as if she had been asleep
V. pay back / pay for / pay off
1. After ten years of hard work, they ________ all their debts.
2. But you haven’t _________ the money I lent to you last week yet!
3. You can’t take them out of the supermarket unless you _________ them.
答案：1. paid off 2. paid back 3. paid for
简析：pay off多指“还清（债务debts）”，也可表示“带来好结果”。pay back表示“归还；偿还”。pay for指“付钱购买”。
[及时小练习]
E) 请记住在下周将钱还给他。
Please remember _________ the money ________to her.
VI. reduce to / reduce by
1. The sale of their products _________ 80% during the spread of birdflu.
2. The number of the students who come to this school has ________ 800 this year.
答案：1. reduced by 2. reduced to
简析：reduce by表示“下降”了多大的幅度，介词by后接百分数或分数。reduce to意为“减少到”，介词to后接下降后的数值。reduce的相反词是increase。
[及时小练习]
F) 由于风暴，去年农民们的苹果收成减少了四成。
Because of the storm, the farmers’ apple harvest _________ 40%.
VII. everyday / every day
1. He goes to work by bike _________.
2. Only by practicing can you improve your _________English.
答案：1. every day 2. everyday
简析：every day是副词短语“每天”，在句中作状语；everyday是形容词“日常的”，在句中只能作定语修饰某个名词。
[及时小练习]
G) 投送报纸杂志是他的日常工作。
Delivering newspapers and magazines is his ________ work.
VIII. deep /deeply
1.He dived _______ into the sea after he put on the swimming suit.
2. The audience were _______ moved by the love the mother gave to her son.
答案：1. deep 2. deeply
简析：deep用来指具体的深度，包括时间和空间上的。如：work deep into the night 工作到深夜；plow the field deep 深耕土地。Deeply用于抽象的、比喻的意义。如：be deeply moved by被……深深地打动了。
[及时小练习]
H) 她的善良给我留下了很深的印象。
She impressed me with her kindness_________.
IX. can’t help (to) do sth / can’t help doing sth
1. He ________ (clean) the classroom, for he has something else to do.
2. Looking at the pyramids, people _______(ask) , “How were they built ”
答案：1. can’t help (to) clean 2. can’t help asking
简析：can’t help (to) do sth表示“不能帮助做某事”，不定式to可以省略；can’t help doing sth表示“禁不住做某事”。
[及时小练习]
I ) 我禁不住被劝说买下那幅画。
I couldn’t help ____________ to buy that picture.
X. accept / receive
1. When did you _________ the letter from your pen friend
2. I’m afraid that I can’t _______ your invitation, for I will have to go to Shanghai tomorrow.
答案：1. receive 2. accept
简析：receive表示客观地“收到”；表示“受到热情的欢迎”也可以说：be well received。accept侧重主观上“接收”，其宾语多为“请柬、礼物”等。
[及时小练习]
J ) 她已收到了他的礼物，但她不打算接受。
She has __________his present, but she isn’t going to _______it.
XI. late / later / lately / latter
1. Better _______ than never.
2. He has seen the doctor twice _______, for his head often hurts.
3. The weather report says it may snow ________ on.
4. Most people were for the former solution, but I suggested the _______ one.
答案：1.late 2. lately 3. later 4. latter
简析：late作形容词或副词“迟的/地”；lately指“近来”，相当于recently，多用于现在完成时。later是late的比较级，指“稍晚后的时间”，如：See you later!回头见！latter是形容词“后者的/后来的”，常与former“前者的”对应起来使用。
[及时小练习]
K) —英语和法语你更想学哪一门？
—后一个。
—Which would you prefer to learn, English or French
—The _________ one.
XII. likely / possible / probable
1. It’s _______that it will rain this afternoon, so you’d better take an umbrella in case.
2. Time is up, but he hasn’t arrived. It’s _______ that something unusual has happened to him
3. He is ______ to win the match.
答案：1. possible 2. likely / probable 3. likely
简析：这三个词都是形容词，possible表示一般的“可能”，probable“很可能”这两个词的主语通常是形式主语it，但不可以是不定式动作的发出者（人或物），我们不能说“sb/sth is possible / probable to do sth”，但可以说“sth is possible / probable”。likely意为“较可能”，主语既可以是形式主语it，也可以是具体指人或物的名词或代词。
[及时小练习]
L ) 明天可能有雨，但也不一定。
Rain is ________ but not _________tomorrow.
Key:
A) watched B)sight C)beating D)still E)to pay; back F)reduced by G) everyday H)deeply I) being persuaded J)received; accept K)latter L) possible; probable/likely
牛津英语模块三Unit 2易混词语辨析
I. create / invent /discover
1. Who do you know it was that ________ America
2. Thomas Edison ________ a lot of useful things all his life.
3. It is people who ________ the history.
答案：1.discovered 2. invented 3. create
解析：discover指“发现”本来存在的事物，意思与find相近。invent指通过想象“发明”出本来世上不存在的东西，尤指科技发明。create指有意识地进行“创造”，从而产生出与众不同的事物。
[及时小练习] 根据汉语从上面选词完成句子（下同）
A) 老师要我们记住“劳动创造财富”。
The teacher wanted us to remember that labour _______ wealth.
B) 人们发现电话是由一个叫Bell的美国人发明的。
People _______ that the telephone was _______ by an American named Bell.
II. pick up / pick out / pick at
1. He ________ a lot of Spanish when playing with the local children.
2. I’m quite familiar with him, so I can ______ him_____ from the crowd so long as he is there.
3. No one likes the person who has faults himself but is always _______ others.
答案：1. picked up 2. pick; out 3. picking at
解析：pick up短语有许多常见用法：①捡起②（无意中）学会③接收（信号/节目）④加速⑤用车接人⑥收拾整理。pick out (从中)选出。pick at挑剔某人；挑剔地吃。
[及时小练习] 根据汉语从上面选词完成句子（下同）
C) 公共汽车一路上不时停下来接乘客。
The bus stopped now and then _________ passengers all the way.
D) 妈妈让她不要挑食，但她不听。
Mum tell her not ________ her dinner, but she didn’t listen.
III. replace / in place of
1. When he got hurt in the match, another player was called in _________ him.
2. If the manager is busy tomorrow, who will go ________ him
答案：1. to replace 2. in place of
解析：replace是动词“代替”，其义相当于take the place of。常用句式“A replace B”表示“A代替B”（被动式B is replaced by B）、“replace A with B”表示“（人为地）用B来代替A”。in place of是介词短语“代替”，其义与instead of相近。
[及时小练习]
E) 用不了多久这些低矮的房屋将被高楼所代替。
These low-rising houses will ___________by high buildings in no time.
F) 你被解雇了，明天约翰将代替你在这儿工作。
You are fired, and John will work here ________ you tomorrow.
IV. despite / in spite of / (al)though
1. _________ the fact that they are twins, they have little in common at all.
2. _________ he comes from the UK, he likes Chinese culture a lot.
答案：1. Despite (of) / In spite of 2. (Al)though
解析：despite是介词“尽管”，后接名词或代词作宾语，其义与介词短语in spite of相同，两者可以相互转换。(al)though为连词“尽管、虽然”，引导让步状语从句。此外, though也可作副词，用在句中或句末。
[及时小练习]
G）尽管他生病了，可他还在车间里工作。
_________ his illness, he is still working in the workshop.
H）她虽然年龄小，但对电脑却懂得很多。
She knows a lot about the computer, she is young, ________.
V. raise / rise
1. Could you ________ your voice a bit, please I can’t quite catch you.
2. He ________ from his seat and walked to the window.
答案：1. raise 2. rose
解析：raise是及物动词“抬起；举起”，是人力因素作用的结果。如；raise one’s voice 提高声音；raise one’s head 抬头；with one’s hands raised 举着手。raise作及物动词时还有“抚养（子女）、饲养（动物）”之意。rise是“升起；上升”，多指日、月、星、雾、河水、物价等不受人为影响而自然上升，也可指人站立起来相当于get up 或stand up。
[及时小练习]
I）我们抬起头看着冉冉上升的国旗。
We ________our heads looking at the national flag _______slowly.
VI. care about / care for / take care (of)
1. I think you might ________ sweets, so I’ve brought you a bag of it.
2. We students should ________ not only our studies but also state affairs.
3. Young trees need _________ when planted.
答案：1. care for 2. care about 3. taking care of
解析：care for“喜爱、照顾”；care about“关心、在乎”；take care“当心”；take care of“照顾、爱护”。
[及时小练习]
J）别计较他刚才对你说的话，他只是想说他喜欢什么。
Don’t ________ what he said just now, he just wanted to say what he ________.
VII. cross / across
1. Do I have to ________ the bridge over that river
2. That river is wide and rough, so only a few people dare to swim ________it.
答案：1. cross 2. across
解析：cross作动词时意为“经过；越过”、“使相交”。如：cross a river过河、cross one’s hands两臂交叉；作名词时意为“十字形/架；叉号”。如：the Red Cross红十字会；mark… with a cross给……打了个“╳”。across可以作介词“越过”，常与动词walk, swim, climb等连用。此外，across还可作副词“从一边到另一边；到对面”。
[及时小练习]
K）这条街宽三十米，横过它约要二十秒。
The street is about 30 metres _______, and it takes about 20 seconds to _______it.
VIII. turn in / turn into / turn up / turn down
1. Would you mind _______ your radio a bit It’s too noisy here.
2. All the homework must be ______ tomorrow morning.
3. She promised to arrive at seven, but hasn’t _______ yet. It’s already eight now.
4. I really can’t get this sentence _______ English.
答案：1. turning down 2. turned in 3. turned up 4. turned into
解析：turn in“交上来”（in turns依次；轮流）；turn into“变成、译成”；turn up“调高；出现、露面”；turn down“调低、拒绝”。
[及时小练习]
L）加热时，冰会变成水。
When heated, ice can be ________water.
M）她很失望，因为她发现她的建议被拒绝了。
She was very disappointed, for she had found his suggestion ________.
IX. symbol / sign / mark
1. There is no ________ of rain this afternoon.
2. In the western countries, pigeons and olive branches are considered as _________ of peace.
3. She got an full ________ in the physics test this time.
答案：1. sign 2. symbol 3. mark
解析：symbol作名词“象征；（具有代表意义的）符号”；sign表示“具有一定暗示意义的有形或无形的事物或标志”，它既可以是有形事物，也可以是表情、动作、文字或征兆等。作动词时有“签名、签字”之意。mark作名词时，表示“痕迹/分数”，作动词“做记号；标上（……）”。
[及时小练习]
O）老师让学生们记住今天所学的化学符号。
The teacher told the students to keep those chemical _________ learned today in mind.
P) 她作手势暗示我说我后背有污迹。
She made a ________ to me that there were dirty ________ on my back.
X. result in / result from
1. Hard work plus proper method often _________ success.
2. The terrible accident _________ the driver’s careless driving.
答案：1. results in 2. resulted from
解析：result in表示“导致；结果是……”，表示前者是原因，介词in的宾语是结果，相当于lead to“导致”。result from表示“是由于……”，表示主语是结果，介词from后是原因。
[及时小练习]
Q) 专家认为不良的饮食习惯常会导致人生病。
Specialists think that bad eating habit often __________ illnesses.
XI. at one time / at a time / at times / at no time / in no time
1. _________, there used to be a lot of people waiting in a queue in front of the CAAC.
2. Don’t speak all together, one __________, please.
3) _________ the ambulance came and took the injured to the hospital.
4) As a Party member, ____________ should you give in to difficulties.
5) We are pen-friends, so we do write to each other _________.
答案：1. At one time 2. at a time 3. In no time 4. at no time 5. at times
解析：at one time“过去曾经一度、同时”；at a time“一次（几个）地；在……时”；at times“有时、间或”；at no time “从来没有、永远不”，置于句首时主谓须倒装；in no time “马上、不一会儿”。
[及时小练习]
R) 你不该骑车的同时打手机。
You shouldn’t have ridden a bike and used your cell phone ________.
S) 别担心，任何时候我都不会放弃为梦想而奋斗。
Don’t worry. _________ will I give up the struggle for my dream.
Keys: A) created B) discovered; invented C) to pick up D) to pick at E) be replaced F) in place of G) Despite / In spite of H) though I) raised; rising J) care about ; cared for K) across; cross L) turned M) turned down O) symbols P) sign; marks Q) results in R) at one time S) at no time
牛津英语模块三Unit 3 易混词语辨析
I. declare / announce / claim
1. So far, no one has come and _________ the bike. What shall we do with it
2. When the doorman ________ the arrival of the president, everyone got up and clapped.
3. Chinese government _________ a battle against drugs many years ago..
【答案】1. claimed 2. announced 3.declared
【解析】declare 为 “宣布;宣告”, 指正式就某事公开地做出明确的说明，其后可接名词、从句、复合结构及介词for/ against短语。announce “宣布；宣称”，指首次宣布人们所关心的事，有预告的含义，通常是关于生死、结婚、灾害信息或客人的到来等，其后常接名词、从句作宾语。claim“声称；依据（权利）获得/认领……”。如：Don’t claim to know what you really don’t know. 不要说你懂其实你不懂的东西。
II. damage / destroy / ruin
1. He ________ his car in the accident, but he has had it repaired now.
2. The heavy rain _________ our hope of going for a picnic.
3. After the earthquake, the whole city lay in_________.
【答案】1. damaged 2. destroyed / ruined 3. ruins
【解析】damage意为“损坏”，一般损坏后价值或效益会降低，这种损坏是部分性的，常常仍可以修复。它既可作动词也可作名词，作名词时不可数，do damage to…对……损害。 destroy只能作动词“破坏；摧毁；毁灭”，指完全彻底的破坏。含有无法修复之意，也可用于比喻义。如：destroy one’s hope / dream使梦想破灭。ruin泛指一般性的破坏，“（使）毁灭；破产”，被损坏后也不能再修复。The ink has ruined the painting. 墨水把绘画给毁了。Ruin也用于对人生、理想、名声等的“破坏”。指作名词意为“废墟”，常用复数(be / lay)in ruins“一片废墟”。
III. carry off / carry out / carry on / carry away
1. Who do you think __________ the first prize in the composition
2. They say they would __________ until success.
3. We will work out a plan which we’d like to see _________ next month.
4. The rain has __________ the rich soil in the surface, leaving sand and stones.
【答案】1. carried off 2. carry on 3. carried out 4. carried away
【解析】carry off “夺取（生命”、获得（奖项）、应付”等词义。carry on“坚持、继续下去”，其后可以不接宾语，直接使用。也可接名词、代词作宾语。carry out “贯彻、执行（计划、政策）等”。carry away意为“运走；使……失控/着迷”。The beautiful music carried us away.美妙的音乐让我们着迷。
IV. take over / take on / take in / take up
1. They played a trip on me, but I wasn’t _________.
2. After two years of rebuilding, the city of Dongtai has _________ a new look.
3. His father wanted him ________ his business when he graduates in two years.
4. The machine _________ about half size of the room.
【答案】1. taken in 2. taken on 3. to take over 4. takes up
【解析】take over意为“接管;接任”，有接过来并做下去的意思。take on “呈现;接纳;雇用”等词义，如：take on a new look 呈现新面貌；take on more workers 招收更的工人。take in 有“收容；吸收；理解；欺骗”等词义。如：Sponge can take in much water. 海绵能吸许多水。 take in the meaning of…理解……的含义；be taken in by……被……欺骗。take up“拿起；从事；占据”。如：take up weapons 拿起武器；take up art 从事艺术。
V. alive / live / lively / living
1. He was such a good teacher that he always made his classes ________ and interesting.
2. Did you watch the _________ broadcast of the concert
3. So far, no evidence of __________ creatures has been found on other planets of the sun.
4. They caught a bear _________ yesterday, which surprised me a lot.
【答案】1. lively 2. live 3. living 4. alive
【解析】alive“活的”，常在句中作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语。如：The dog is still alive.那狗还活着。 catch+宾语+alive“活捉……”；bury +宾语+ alive“将……活埋”。live作形容词时意为“活的”，多作定语，指鸟或其它动物。如：a live fish一条活鱼。此外，live还可表示“实况直播的”。如：a live broadcast of …意为“……的直播”。lively也是形容词，“生动的、活泼的、可爱的”。living“活的；现存的”。He is the only living witness. 他是惟一健在的目击者。
VI. uncover / discover
1. She _________ the bottle and pour some beer into my glass.
2. Who was it that ________ the island
【答案】1.uncovered 2. discovered
【解析】uncover“揭开……的盖子”、“移去……的覆盖物”。如：uncover a pot打开罐子。它还可用于比喻义“揭露；使知道”。discover用来指“发现（本来存在的事物）”，后接复合宾语时与find意义相近。如：discover / find +宾语+doing sth“发现某人做某事”。
VII. historical / historic
1. The president made a __________ speech, which encouraged his people to fight.
2. They acted out the ________play, which turned out to be a great success.
【答案】1. historic 2. historical
【解析】historical表示“与历史有关的、历史上存在的”，侧重历史事实。如：historical people 历史人物；historical novel / play 历史小说/ 戏剧。historic表示“历史上著名的；具有历史意义的”，侧重在历史上的重要性。如： a historic event / speech / spot （具有意义的）历史事件/演讲/地点。
VII. good / goods
1. It sounds _________ to have a chance to experience various cultures.
2. This is the largest supermarket where ________ are sold to consumers every year.
【答案】1. good 2. goods
【解析】good 通常作形容词，指品质、性质等方面综合品价高“好的”。短语be good at…擅长……；be good for…“对……有益”；be good to…“对……友好”（这里相当于kind的意思）。good还可作名词“美德、益处”，do good to“对……有益”；It’s no good doing sth“做某事无益处”。goods为“商品、货物”时为复数名词，它没有单数形式。一般也不能被many或具体的数词来修饰。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
VIII. remain / stay / keep
1. It still _________ to be seen whether the couple would accept the invitation.
2. I _______ in a hotel near the museum when I was visiting Shanghai.
3. She takes exercise every day in order to ________ healthy.
【答案】1. remains 2. stayed 3. keep
【解析】这三个词都可以作连系动词和实义动词。作连系动词时，词义相近，都表示“保持某一状态”，但意义稍有不同：remain“还是……”，侧重原状况没有改变（其后可接不定式作表语）；stay“处于”某种状态；keep“保持”，侧重主观努力维持某一状况。作实义动词时，若表示“继续呆在某处”时，应该用不及物动词remain或stay。表示“暂住、短期停留”时，只能用不及物动词stay。表示“（除去……后）剩下”时，只能用不及物动词remain。如：Take two from five, three remains. 五减去二还剩三。
IX．affect / effect / influence
1. We shouldn’t look down upon those who are ________ with HIV.
2. Gradually ________ by the teacher, some students wish to be a teacher in the future.
3. Does this pill have any bad ________ on patients
【答案】1. affected 2. influenced 3. effects / influence
【解析】affect是动词，“影响；感动；感染”。be affected by cold/one’s words 染上感冒/被某人的话打动。effect通常作可数名词。have an effect on…对……有影响。influence既可作动词也可作名词，侧重稳定的影响作用，如言行对一个产生的潜移默化的“影响”。
【及时练习】
I．选择。
1. It ________ to be seen whether it will be fine tomorrow.
A. stays B. keeps C. remains D. is remained
2. The volcano erupted suddenly, and its lava buried the whole city_________.
A. live B. alive C. living D. lively
3. After all the honored guests arrived, the host ________ the start of the party.
A. declared B. said C. announced D. claimed
4. The strong earthquake has ________ no less than 200 people’s lives.
A. carried on B. carried away C. carried out D. carried off
5. The fighting was so cruel and fierce that two sides ________ the city in turn.
A. took over B. took on C. took in D. took up
6. His camera got _______ when it fell to the ground. Luckily, he was able to repair it.
A. destroyed B. damaged C. ruined D. hurt
II. 根据下列汉语完成句中所缺的单词。
1. The water he poured onto the ground was soon __________ (吸收) by the soil.
2. After another five years, he still __________(保持) an ordinary worker.
3. When do you think Chinese began to exchange _________(商品) with the westerners
4. The boy wasn’t strong enough to _________(揭开……盖子) the jar. He needed some help.
5. It is not a ________（直播的）broadcast of the football match, but a recorded one.
III. 汉译英。
1．许多男性觉得这家公司只招收女性是不公平的。
A lot of men think _______ unfair for the company to ________ ________ women only.
2．坚持下去，你们一定会胜利的。
_________ ________, and it’s ________ that you will succeed.
3．可惜的是赌博毁了他自己。
It’s a pity that gambling has_________ _________.
4．这个计划一旦实施就不可以再改变了。
Once _______ _________, the plan can’t be __________.
5．所有的国家都应该联合起来向恐怖主义宣战。
All the countries should ________ ________ to _________ war against terrorism.
6．如果历史再现，那你就可以聆听林肯具有历史意义的演讲了。
If the history were brought ______, you could listen to the ______ speech made by
Lincoln
7．这家超市一直营业到晚上十点。
The supermarket _______ open _________ 10 p.m.
8．多吃水果和蔬菜对身体大有好处。
Taking a lot of fruit and vegetables ________ much ________ _______ your health.
9．公众场合注意你的言语，因为它们对孩子有很大的景响。
Mind your words in public places, for they have _________ _________ children.
10. 仅和感染艾滋病的人握手是安全的。
It’s safe just to _______ hands with those who are ________ with AIDS.
Key:
I. 1-6 CBCDAB
II. 1. taken in 2. remains 3. goods 4. uncover 5. live
III. 1. it; take on 2. Carry on 3. ruined himself 4. carried out 5. joined together; declare 6. alive historic 7. stays / keeps / remains ; till / until 8. does; good to 9. effects / influence 10. shake; affected
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透析名词性从句的“典型错误”
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。由于它们在外形上的相似，不少学生在运用中而常常会出现以下典型错误，请你认真观察误句，对比分析错误原因，然后将改正在后面的横线上。
一、名词性从句语序的错误
不少同学受以前所学疑问句语序的影响，当名词性从句为特殊疑问词或if / whether引导的从句担当，仍用仍用疑问语序，从而造成错误。如：
1．我们怎样才能学好英语值得思考。
[误句] How can we learn English well is worth thinking about
[分析] 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句的语序都应用陈述句语序。其它各类从句如定语从句，状语从句等通常也是用陈述语气。正确的应为：
[改正] ________________________ is worth thinking about.
二、名词性从句引导词的误用
由于不能正确分析句子成分和引导词在句中的作用，任凭习惯或想当然做题是造成错误的主要原因。错误的表现形式为多用、少用、误用引导词。如：
1. 他们赢得比赛的消息使我感到惊讶。
[误句] They had won the match surprised me a lot.
[分析] 主语从句为陈述句且位于句首时不能省略引导词that，尽管that在句中不充当任何成份。但若用it作形式主语, 而将真实主语后置时可省that.如：It surprised me a lot (that) they had won the match.
[改正] ________________________ surprised me a lot.
3. 我想知道谁能回答这个问题。
[误句] I wonder that who can answer this question.
[分析]从句为陈述句时用that引导，从句为特殊疑问句时用相应的特殊疑问词，注意不要重复使用引导词。
[改正] I wonder___________________.
4. 他说如果你去，他也去。
[误句] He says if you go, so will he.
[分析]当宾语从句为陈述句时用that来引导，通常that是可以省略的。但若这个宾语从句也是复合句，且以从句开头时，宾语从句的that不能省略。若这个复合句的从句在主句之后，则可以省略。又如：He insisted that what the book says is right. 他坚持说书上说的是对的。
[改正] He says__________________.
5. 昨天没上学的原因是她生病了。
[误句] The reason why she didn’t attend school yesterday is because she was ill.
[分析]名词reason作主语时，其表语从句不能用because引导，而应用that。
[改正] The reason why she didn’t attend school yesterday is____________.
6. 学生们正在讨论明天是否出去野餐。
[误句] The students are talking about if they will go for a picnic tomorrow.
[分析] if 与whether表示“是否”在引导宾语从句时，通常可以相互替换。但若跟在介词后作宾语从句时只能用whether，不能用if。此外，当其后紧跟or not, 不定式，以及引导主语从句、表语从句以及同位从句时都只能用whether,不能用if。
[改正] The students are talking about _______________ go for a picnic tomorrow.
7. 我真的不知道如何处理这件事。
[误句] I really don’t know how I should do with the matter.
[分析] do为及物动词，后缺宾语，故从句的引导词必须为关系代词，即“do what with…”。而deal with相当于及物动词，后接有宾语，应视为缺关系副词。本句表示“如何”，应用how, 即“how to deal with…”。
[改正]I really don’t know______________ with the matter.
8. 无论她干什么都与我没关系。
[误句] No matter what she does has nothing to do with me..
[分析]“no matter+疑问词”只能用来引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句；而“疑问词＋ever”既能引导名词性从句也能引导让步状语从句。本句分析可知，从句在主句中作主语，故不能用“no matter+疑问词”来引导。
[改正] __________________has nothing to do with me.
9. 你可以把这本书借给你认为诚实的人。
[误句] You can lend the book to whomever you think is honest.
[分析] 宾语从句中增加了插入语you think来干扰，增加了解题的难度。不少学生误以为引导词充当think的宾语。其实引导词是从句的主语，必须用主格。解这类题时要细心分析，排除干扰成份，问题便能迎刃而解。另外这里引导词也不宜用who,因who在名词性从句中表示疑问“谁”的意思，而whoever 表示“无论谁”。并无疑问的意思。
[改正] You can lend the book to ________________
10. 看那架上的书，你尽可拿你喜欢的。
[误句] Look at the books on the shelf. You may take whatever you like.
[分析] whatever和whichever都可以作关系代词和关系形容词，但不同的是，whichever表示是在一定范围内的选择，而whatever则没有范围限制，而是指放在架子上的所有东西。本题是要求在架子上的“书”中选择，属于范围内的选择。
[改正] Look at the books on the shelf. You may take _____________.
11. 毫无疑问我校足球队会赢得这场比赛的。
[误句] It is no doubt if our school’s football team will win the match.
[分析]首先这里应用there be结构来表存在。其次doubt用于否定结构中，无论后接宾语从句还是同位语从句，都只能用that引导。用于肯定句时，其后可接whether, what, which, how, when, why等其它疑问词。如：Some students doubted how the pyramid was built so long ago. 有些学生疑问很久以前金字塔是怎样建起来的。We don’t have the doubt that he is fit for his job. 我们毫不怀疑他胜任他的工作。
[改正] ______________our school’s football team will win the match.
12. 我在家乡看到的一切真的令我很吃惊。
[误句] That I saw in my hometown really surprised me.
[分析]在引导名词性从句时that与what的区别是：that只能作从句引导词的作用，而本身没有词义，在从句中也不充当任何成份。而what既能引导从句，本身在从句中也充当一个名词性成份（如：主语、表语、宾语等）。本例主语从句的谓语动词为及物动词，而其后缺宾语，故应用what。
[改正] _____________ in my hometown really surprised me.
三、名词性从句的时态、主谓一致、语气等方面的错误
由于忽略对名词性从句与主句时态前后照应， 从句作主语时的主谓一致以及特定情况下名词性从句的语气等方面的考查而造成错误。如：
13. 请您告诉我你的住址好吗？
[误句] Could you tell me what your address was
[分析]主句为Could you tell me时，其后所带的宾语从句时态不受主句时态的影响，应根据表达的需要采用相应的时态，因为这里could不表动作过去，而是为了使得语气更委婉。
[改正]Could you tell me _____________
14. 我认为他没做错什么，对吗？
[误句] I think he hasn’t done anything wrong, don’t I
[分析]在含有宾语从句的主句中，如果主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等时，从句的否定应转移到主句上来。但要注意的是，在构成这类复合句的反意疑问句时，仍应根据从句来反问，否定前移时反问用肯定式。
[改正]__________________ done anything wrong,, _____________
15. 他有的是书，缺的是钱。
[误句] What he has is books, and what he needs are money.
[分析]通常主语为单个从句时，谓语动词单数。但若主语从句以what开头，则谓语动词应根据表语的形式来决定what的意义。本题前一个what后的表语为可数名词复数，由此可以判断what表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；而后一个表语为不可数名词。故后谓语动词应为单数。
[改正] What he has _______books, and what he needs _______ money.
16. 据报道中国已向太空发射载人飞船。
[误句] That China has sent up a manned aircraft into space is reported
[分析]当主语部分较长，而其谓语部分较短时，为避逸头重脚轻，常用形式主语it来代替，并将真实主语从句（不定式、动名词等）后置。另当谓语为say, report, occur，appear等动词时，主语从句只能采取后置的方式来表达。
[改正] ______________that China has sent up a manned aircraft into space.
17. 她坚持说这辆车是她的并要求我为她修好。
[误句] She insisted that the bicycle should be hers and that I should mend it for her.
[分析]insist作“坚决要求”解时，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气 “ (should) +动词原形”；insist作“坚持认为”解时，其宾语从句不用虚拟语气，而应用陈述语气。
[改正] She insisted that the bicycle_________ hers and _________ it for her.
18. 李先生建议立即将孩子送到最近的医院。
[误句] Mr. Li suggested that the child was sent to nearest hospital at once.
[分析] suggest, advise, order, require, demand, propose等动词后接宾语从句时，应用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”。以上这类动词的相应名词suggestion, advice, order, requirement, demand, proposal后接的表语从句，同位语从句也应用虚拟语气。如：
My suggestion is more trees (should) be planted instead of being cutting down.
我的建议是多植树而不是砍树。
Her demand that she (should) be apologized to was refused. 她要求道歉遭到了拒绝。
注意：当suggest表明“暗示”解，其后的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。如：Her pale face suggested that she was tired and weak. 她苍白的脸表明她身体疲乏、虚弱。
[改正]Mr. Li suggested that the child __________ to the nearest hospital at once.
Key:
1. How we can learn English well 2．That they had won the match 3. who can answer this question 4．that if you go, so will he 或（that）he will go if you do 5．that she was ill 6. whether they will 7．what I should do或how I should deal 8. Whatever she does 9. whoever you think is honest 10. whichever you like 11. There is no doubt that 12．What I saw 13. 13．what your address is 14. I don’t think he has; has he 15. are; is 16. It is reported 17. was; that I (should ) mend 18. (should ) be sent
警惕it用法中的 “雷区”
It 作为代词，在英语王国里可谓“人小鬼大”，其作用不容忽视。它既可以用来代指具体的人或物，也可以用在句中代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或宾语。下面都是同学们在学习过程中容易出错的几个方面，敢于挑战的你赶快一起试试吧！
1. —请问，你是Bruce吗？
— 不，我不是，我是Denial.(电话用语)
[误句] —Excuse me, is that Bruce speaking
—No, this is not. This is Denial.
[分析] it可以用来具体代指前面出现过的事物，在电话它还可代指自己本人这一方，回答Is that….speaking 之类的问句。此外，it还可以指代性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未明说但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象等。如：
The doorbell is ringing, please go and see who it is. Jim.
It was seven thirty when I got home yesterday.
[改正] —Excuse me, is that Bruce speaking
—No, _____________. This is Denial.
2. 他这么快解出那道题，这是不可能的！
[误句] This is impossible for him to work out the problem in such a short time.
[分析] 本句中的真实主语为动词不定式，为避免主语过长，而谓语部分过短的“头重脚轻”现象，英语中常采用形式主语it而将真实主语后置的做法。
[改正] _________ it impossible for him to work out the problem in such a short time.
除了主语为不定式外，当真实主语为动名词、主语从句时也常用这种方式。如：
It is no use / good arguing with him over this problem again.
It depends whether we can carry out this plan tomorrow.
含it作主语的常见句型有：
A）It + be + adj.+（for /of sb.）to do sth. (用介词for的形容词important, important, necessary; difficult; easy等;用of 介词的形容词有kind, nice, clever, wise, stupid等)
It is illegal for a teenager to drive a car without a license
It’s kind of you to help me with the problem
B) It’s no good/use doing sth
It’s no use crying over the spoilt milk.
C) It’s worthwhile doing / to do sth
It’s worthwhile having a second try.
D) It is + noun / adj.+从句 (名词有 secret, shame, pity等;形容词: likely; possible; probable等)
It is still a secret how the pyramids were built so long ago.
It’s likely that he will be delayed by the fog.
E) It + be + v-ed +that… (当动词为say, report, think, believe, hope, expect等时, 常可转为 sb/sth +be+v-ed+ to do sth.; 当动词为demand，request，require，order，suggest，advise，recommend等时, 其后宾语从句应用虚拟语气)
It is said that Bell invented the telephone. =Bell is said to have invented the telephone.
It is suggested by the doctor that you should quit smoking.
F) It’s（about/high）time (that) sb should do sth /v-ed…
It’s（about/high）time that we should take action.
G) It’s +序数词+（that）sb +have(has)+ v-ed…
It’s the third time that he has failed the driving test.
H) It + be +一段时间+ since / before ….
It is years since we got separated.
It’ll be two weeks before my uncle returns.
I) It takes sb some time to do sth
It took me two hours to finish all my homework yesterday.
3. 他认为学好英语是必须的。
[误句] He thinks a must to learn English well.
[分析] 本句用宾语从句的形式表达为：He thinks that it is a must to learn English well. 但也可以用简略句的形式来表示，即用 “think it+宾补+to do sth”的句型。下面改为简单句的形式。
[改正] He thinks _____________ to learn English well.
动词think, find, feel, consider等后接it作形式宾语的常见句式有：
A）verb+ it+ adj. +to do sth / 从句 (常见形容词：important, important, necessary; hard; easy…)
I think it hard for you to do the task on your own.
B) verb+ it+ noun +to do/ doing sth （这类名词有no use, no good; pity, waste of time…)
We find it a pity to lose the league match.
They consider it no good playing computer games.
C) verb (owe / take / leave / keep…) +it + prep. + that…
You shouldn’t take it for granted that he will do everything as you tell him.
Please keep it in mind that the light travels faster than sound.
4. 我讨厌有人满嘴食物地说话。
[误句] I hate when someone talks with his mouth full of food.
[分析] 一些表示“好恶”的动词后不能直接跟宾语从句，这类动词有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike等，通常应在这类动词后先加it，然后再接宾语从句。
[改正] I hate __________ when someone talks with his mouth full of food.
5. 是我们及时赶到救起那名儿童。
[误句] It were us who arrived in time and saved the child.
[分析] 由于表达需要，我们有时要对语句中的某些成份加以强调，这时可以用强调结构：“It is / was +被强调部分+ that (指人可以用who)+其它”。注意：不管被强调部分是指人还是指物，it 后始终用单数is或was；本句被强调部分为句中主语，故应用主格，而不是宾格。
[改正] ______________ who / that arrived in time and saved the child.
6. 嫦娥I号是2007年发射进入太空的。
[误句] It was 2007 that Chang’e I was sent up into space.
[分析] 强调结构的显著特点是将“it is/was ….that….”去掉后无须添加任何词而剩余部分仍是一个完整句子，本句去掉这个结构后所剩余部分可以发现2007前缺个介词，所以这不是强调结构，而可以将that改为when作为时间状语从句；另一种方法就是在2007前加上介词in, 这样就可以构成强调结构。
[改正] __________ in 2007 _________ Chang’e I was sent up into space.
7. 信不信由你，他在考试中得了第一名。
[误句] Believe or not, he came first in the exam.
[分析] 英语中有许多非常口语化的短句或短语都含有it. 如本句中的 “信不信由你” 应为Believe it or not. 这就要求我们在学习过程中注重积累、力求精确。这类常见短语还有：
make it成功/做到；as it is事实上/原样；if it weren't for…要不是……；that’s it 对啦；keep at it不放弃；take it easy.不着急；it (all) depends 这要看情况而定；It’s up to sb 由某人决定 …等。
“主谓一致”焦点问题访谈
问题一： 什么是“主谓一致”三原则？
答：这是谓语随主语人称和数而变化遵循的三种一致原则, 通常一个句子采用一种原则。如：
1) 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
2)意义一致：指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，只要主语表示复数意义，谓语动词就得用复数形式；主语表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数形式。
3) 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。
问题二：哪些情况主语看似复数形式，而谓语却用单数形式的？
答：1. 由and连结两部分，实质上表示一个概念，这时谓语动词用单数。 A horse and cart一辆卡车，bread and butter黄油面包；a knife and fork一副刀叉；the worker and writer工人兼作家。如：
The worker and writer has gone to Beijing for a conference.
2. physics, politics, maths, news等名词形式上虽为复数，但实指某一门学科或不可数名词，作主语时谓语应用单数。如：
Physics is much more interesting than politics.
Haven’t you heard the proverb that no news is good news
3. 一些表示国家、山脉、机构、著作等名称的名词形式虽为复数，而表示单数意义。这类词有；the United States美国, the Himalayas喜玛拉雅山, the United Nations联合国, the Arabian Nights《一千零一夜》等。如：
The United Nations is playing an more and more important role in keeping the world peace.
The Arabian Nights is a collection of interesting stories.
4. 不定式、动名词或主语从句中虽然有时有复数名词，但谓语一律用单数。如：
To pick apples is the only thing I want to do tomorrow.
Eating a lot of fruit and vegetables is good for your health.
Where they should put the machines is a big problem they most want to solve.
When and where they will have the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
注意：若为多个并列不定式、动名词或主语从句作主语，则谓语动词用复数。如：
Delivering newspapers and cleaning the offices are her daily job.
Where he’s gone and when he’ll return remains unknown to us.
5. 表示时间、长度、价值等概念的复数名词通常将其视为一个整体，谓语用单数。如：
More than two years has passed since I came to this school.
Two hundred yuan is a large sum of money for her.
6. more than one, many a, every…and every…, each…and …each…等用于主语部分时，谓语用单数。如：
More than one student has been to the Great Wall.
Many a boy has played this popular computer game.
Each boy and each girl has got a copy of dictionary.
问题三：哪些情况主语形式为单数，而谓语动词却用复数？
答：1. police, people, youth等外形式似乎为单数，而实为复数意义，谓语应用复数形式。如：
Police were called in to keep the peace.
The people of China are all wise, brave and hard-working.
2. 由“the +形容词”构成的表示一类人，谓语常用复数。如：
The old are the people we should be polite to.
The injured have been sent to the nearest hospital.
问题四：哪些情况谓语应视具体情况而定？
答：1．Family, class, government, committee, audience 等作主语时，若表示整体意义，则谓语动词用单数，作侧重指各个成员时，谓语动词用复数。如：
His family is small but a happy one.
His family were all at table when I got there.
2. “a number of+复数名词”作主语时谓语用复数，“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语应用单数。如：
A number of students missed school yesterday, the number of whom was six.
3. “half / the rest/ most / the following (of)+名词”作主语时，谓语取决于名词的单复数形式。
The rest of the people were happy when the rest of money was divided among them.
The following work was even more difficult for us.
4．None/neither作主语时，谓语用单数，而“none/neither +of+名词” 作主语时谓语可用单数，也可用复数。如：
None/Neither is correct in my opinion.
None/ Neither of the answers is / are right.
5. 名词后接有like, besides, as well as, including, for example, with, along/together with等短语时，谓语动词应取决于这些短语之前的名词形式。如：
Tom, together with his friends, is flying kites over there.
A lot of students, including John, have seen this film.
6. 先行词为 “one of+复数名词”时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式，若为 “ the only one of+复数名词” 时，则定语从句谓语动词用单数。如：
He was one of the students who were late this morning.
She is the only one of the girls who is able to play the violin in my class.
7. 以what引导的主语从句，通常谓语动词取决于后面的名词形式。如：
What we have are books and what we need is money.
8．“the population of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，当population前被分数词，百分数修饰时，谓语动词用复数。如；
The population of the world is still growing all the time.
About 80% of China’s population are farmers.
9 由并列连词either…or…; neither… nor…, not only…but also…引导的并列结构作主语时，谓语动词与最靠近的部分保持一致。如：
Not only I but also he has seen the film.
Are either you or he to make a speech at the meeting tomorrow
10. sheep, means等单复数形式相同的名语作主语时根据修饰语来判断。如：
Every possible means has been tried out.
All possible means have been tried out.
11. “单数名词 +or two”作主语时，谓语动词作单数；“one or two+ 复数名词”作主语谓语动词用复数。
An apple or two is enough for you
One or two apples are enough for you. .
I. 单项选择。
1. It _________ I, who ________ your best friend, that will everything to help you.
A. is; is B. am; is C. is; am D. am; am
2. What he has _________books and what he needs _________ money.
A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are
3. The United Nations ________ an international group that ________ (be) made up of 191 countries.
A. is; is B. are; is C. are; are D. are ; is
4. Every possible means _________ been tried. That is to say that all possible means _______ been tried.
A. have; has B. has; has C. have; have D. has; have
5. Every boy and every girl ___________ this game.
A. are fond of B. are interested in C. is interested in D. care for
6. Police ________ been called in to keep the peace in this area.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
7. Two thirds of the country __________ covered by forests in the past, but now nearly half of the forests __________ been destroyed in the past ten years.
A. were; has B. was have C. were; have D. was; has
8. —_______either you or I_______ going to make a speech at the meeting
—Yes, one of us will have to.
A．Are; / B. Is; / C. Are; am D. Am; are
9. The worker and poet ________ to Beijing already. He won’t be back until next Wednesday.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
10. A number of students ______ absent today, the number of whom _____five.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
11. The rest of the people ______ angry when they find that the rest of money ______ been wasted.
A. are; has B. are; have C. is; have D. is; has
12. John, together with his friends, ________playing football over there.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
13. The population of China _____ the largest in the world and 80% of the population ______ farmers.
A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are
14. I guess more than one student in my class _______ seen the film.
A. were B. was C. has D. have
15. Mary is the only one of the students who ________late for class this morning.
A. were B. be C. are D. was
II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. How time flies! More than two weeks _______(pass) already.
2. Neither he nor I _______(be) a basketball player, because we just like watching others to play.
3. Where and when to go _________(not decide) yet. Maybe we need to have another discussion.
4. Maths, as well as physics__________(be) a bit difficult, but you should never drop it.
5. The Green family _________(be) not big, and all ________(enjoy) Chinese food.
6. Everyone except Tom and John _________(be) there when the meeting began.
7. This kind of glasses ________(sell) well here. But glasses of that kind ________(not sell) well.
8. I hear clothes _______(be) on sale at half price. How much ______ this pair of trousers ______(cost)
9. Each boy and each girl of this class _________( invite) to Mr. White’s party yesterday.
10. Two hundred yuan ________(be) quite a large sum of money to me.
11. What he thinks about___________(be) how he can serve people better.
12. Not only I but also Li Lei ___________( see) the film already.
13. Eating a lot of fruit and vegetables ___________(do) good to your health.
14. Regular exercise combined with healthy diet _________(contribute) to a longer life.
15. I’m afraid I can’t get full mark, for a mistake or two _________(make) in the exam.
Key:
I. 1-5 CBADC 6-10DBADD 11-15ABBCD
II. 1. has passed 2. am 3. hasn’t been decided 4. is 5. is; enjoy 6. was 7. sells; don’t sell 8. are; does; cost 9. has been invited 10. is 11. is 12. has seen 13. does 14. contributes 15.has been
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