巧学巧记巧解题 妙学妙用妙答卷1(湖南省湘乡市第三中学周洪敦)

“巧学巧记巧解题 妙学妙用妙答卷”系列讲座（1）（高三适用）
精通高考题 胜读十年书
练好基本功 潇洒一辈子
Practice makes perfect.
CHOOSE ENGLISH CHOOSE FUTURE
ENTER ENGLISH ENRER SUCCESS
高考英语解题思路之（一）单项填空
湖南省湘乡市第三中学外语组 高级教师 周洪敦 主讲
解 思前想后―――消元法 正本清源―――还原法
题 首尾对应―――分析法 歪打正着―――逆向法
思 弄清大意―――配方法 综观全局―――辨析法
路 避免重复―――替代法 出口成章―――语感法
摘 开门见山―――句式法 论资排辈―――排列法
要 把握信息―――搭配法 习以为常―――惯用法
瞻前顾后―――补元法
考点1.Information has been put forward ___ more middle school graduates will
be admitted into universities.(2001 上海)
A. while B. that C. when D. as
点拨：此题解题思路是“思前想后”，采取“消元法”。假如把has been put forward删除掉，就一目了然。that引导同位语从句，故选答案B.
焦点（1）There’s a feeling in me we’ll never know what a UFO is not ever.
（2002 上海）
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
（2）Along with the letter was his promise ____he would visit me
this coming Christmas.（2004上海春季）
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
点评（1）that引导同位语从句说明feeling的具体内容。（2）that引导同位语从句
说明promise的具体内容。答案分别是A和B.
基点：Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could
for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.（BOOK 2B-P.180）
【注】Sydney remembered the promise that he had made to Lucie many years before.（BOOK 2B-P.59）（that引导的是宾语，可用which代替，也可省略。）
难点：I’m in doubt whether they will agree with me.（if不可引导同位语从句）
I doubt whether/if they will agree with me. （宾语从句中whether/if一般可互换）
相关链接The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him,
（2000上海）
A. did they B. didn’t they C. did it D. didn’t it
点评：采取“消元法”解题，答题更快。假如把同位语从句 that they failed
their driving test 去掉，答题思路更清楚了,答案D必选无疑。
考点2.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______in the kitchen.
（NMET 2003）
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
点拨：此题解题思路是“正本清源”，采取“还原法”。题干为被动式（is found），
还原成主动式应为find sb. doing/to do,根据immediately可以判断动作
在进行，find之后跟现在分词作主语补足语，只能答案B.句意是“如果厨师
被发现在厨房吸烟就会马上开除。”
焦点（1）Do you know the boy ____under the big tree （1989）
A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying
（2）The next morning she found the man ____in bed, dead.（1986）
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
点评：lying分别在句中作定语和宾语补足语。答案（1）D.（2）A.
相关链接An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____clear warnings before firing any shots.（2003 上海）
A. to issue B .being issue C. to have issued D. to be issue
点评：采取 “还原法”解题。根据order sb. to do sth.,不难选择答案A.
基点（1）I found many people doing morning exercises in the park.（BOOK 2B-P.105）
（2）They broke into the uncle’s bedroom and found the man lying on the floor.（BOOK 2B-P.16）
难点：I found some people seated(=sitting )at the table.
趣点：巧记口诀 现在分词表主动和进行，过去分词表被动和完成。
考例（1） more attention, the trees could have grown better. （1990）
A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given
（2）___ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.(NMET 2000 北京春季)
A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given
（3）_______time,he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
（NMET 2003北京）
A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given
（4）____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late
to clean up the river.(NMET 2001)
A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered
（5）___ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicime with him wherever he goes.(2001上海春季)
A.Suffered B.Suffering
C.Having suffered D.Being suffered
（6）___ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities
in the United States. (2000 上海)
A.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding
（7）___ in thought , he almost ran onto the car in front of him.(NMET 1996)
A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose
（8）The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B.C., did not include women players
until 1912.(NMET 1997)
A.first played B.to be first played
C.first playing D.to be forst playing
（9）Most of the people __ to the party were famous scientists.（1987）
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
（10）Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa.（1990）
A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited
（11）When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door,
___ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”(NMET 1999)
A.read B.reads C.to read D.reading
（12）He sent me an E-mail, ___ to get further information.
(2000 上海)
A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope
（13）The bell ___ the end of the period rang,___ our heated discussion.
(2001 上海)
A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interrupting
C.indicating;interrupted D.indicated;interrupted
（14）The computer centre, last year, is very popular among the students in this school. （NMET 1993）
A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened
（15）The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language
came out in the 16 th century. （NMET 1994）
A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written
（16）Prices of daily goods ___ through a computer can be lower
than store prices. (NMET 2002北京春季)
A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying
（17）Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ___ only to people with specific knowledge. (2002上海)
A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known
（18）The picture ___ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
(NMET 2000北京春季)
A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung
（19）The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president. （NMET 1991）
A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing
（20）The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ＿___that he had enjoyed his stay here. （NMET 1994）
A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added
（21）“Can’t you read ” Mary said to the notice.（NMET 1993）
A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily
C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing
（22）There was terrible noise__ the sudden burst of light. （1989）
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
点评：答案（1）A（2）A（3）D. 都是Given是过去分词表被动，可补充为条件
从句If he is given time（相当于If someone gives him time）。
（4）A（5）C（6）C（7）C（8）A（9）A（10）A（11）D（12）B（13）A
（14）D（15）D（16）B（17）D（18）A（19）B（20）C（21）A（22）B
考点3.In order to make our city green, ___.（2002 上海春季）
A. it is necessary to have planted more trees
B. being more trees need to plant
C. our city needs more trees
D. we must plant more trees
点拨:此题解题思路是“首尾对应”，采取“分析法”。这是一道逻辑思维题。In order to make our city green是目的状语，其逻辑主语应是we,选答案D，才符合逻辑。
基点：…the panels are unfolded in order to catch the sunshine.（BOOK 2B-P.8）
焦点（1）In order to improve English, ___ .(2001 上海春季)
A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes
B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny
D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father
（2）Finding her car stolen, ____.(2001 上海)
A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help
（3）____ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.（NMET 2001北京春季）
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept
答案（1）B.（2）D.（3）A.
难点:Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ___.(2001 上海)
A. he’d like to collect coins as well
B. he feels like collecting coins, too
C. to collect coins is also his hobby
D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure
点评：在and连接的并列句中，两个简单句的主语要保持一致的形式。
动名词Fishing和collecting coins分别作两个简单句的主语。答案为D.
相关链接（1）分词表伴随或陪衬动作
　　　 He sat there, reading a book.
She sat there, surrounded by her students.
I have bought a new coat, the old one being worn out.(独立主格结构)
（2）分词作原因状语
　　　 Being blind（=As they were blind）, how could they see
Led by the Party（=As we are led …）, we have made great achievements.
Being asked to give a lecture（=As he was asked…）, he couldn’t refuse.
It being Sunday, the library was closed. (独立主格结构)
(3)分词作条件状语
Given more time, we could do it much better.
When heated, ice will be changed into water.
Weather permitting, we’ll go there. (独立主格结构)
(4)分词作时间状语
Be careful when crossing the street.
Not having done my work, I dared not leave.
Having been shown the labs, we were taken to see the library.
Our work having been finished, we went home. (独立主格结构)　　　
趣点：记忆口诀
同主语用分词结构，异主语用独立结构。
考点4.Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ___ some schools
for poor children.(2001 上海春季)
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
点拨：此题解题思路是“歪打正着”，采取“逆向法”（即：逆向思维法）。此题he had是“陷阱”，删除它，显而易见。devote … to（介词）之后应接动名词，而having set up表示发生在谓语之前，肯定不对，选择答案B才对。
焦点：—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers
—The key the problem is to meet the demand by the customers.（NMET 2002北京）
A. to solving; making B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making D. to solve; made
点评：The key to(介词)后跟动名词，made为过去分词表被动意义。答案B.
基点：I look forward to receiving your reply.（BOOK 2B-P.48）
难点（1）The discovery of new evidence led to______.（2003 上海）
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
（2）______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.（2003上海春季）
A. The president will attend B. The president to attend
C. The president attended D. The president’s attending
点评（1）led to（导致、引起）中的to为介词，the thief being caught是动名词被动式的复合结构
用作介词宾语，相当于the thief’s being caught，答案为C.
（2）The president’s attending是动名词复合结构作句中主语。相当于
That the president would attend(主语从句)，答案D.
相关链接（1）下列短语中的to为介词，常跟名词/代词/动名词作宾语：
according to, as to, due to, owing to, thanks to, belong to, close to, near to, next to, add up to, do good/harm/wrong to, lead to, listen to, look forward to, make contribution to, object to, pay attention/a visit to, point to, put an end to, devote…to, prefer…to, refer to, stick to, set an example to, take to, be equal to, be good/harmful to, get down to, get/become used to…
（2）下列短语中的to为不定式，跟动词原形：
have to, ought to, used to, do/try one’s best to, make an/every effort to, make up one’s mind to, It’s time to, in order to, so as to, too…to,be about/able/afraid/anxious/eager/happy/glad/deternimed/obliged/likely/ready/sure/willing to…,
（3）下列短语中的to（介词/不定式）,视其情况而定：
agree to, be used to, come to, get to, happen to, seem to…
①We all agree to your plan. We all agree to set out earlier.
②What happened to her just now？ I happened to see her there.
③It seems to me that he is an manager. He seems to be an manager.
④I am used to ploughing the fields with this tool.
This tool is used to plough the fields.
⑤He looked forward to seeing the city and the people there again.
He looked forward to see what was the matter.
【注】The news she looked forward to came at last.（came为主句谓语）
考点5.News reports say peace talks between the two countries _______with no agreement reached. （NMET 2003）
A. have broken down B. have broken out
C. have broken in D. have broken up
点拨：此题解题思路是“弄清大意”，采取“配方法”。break down（破裂）,
break out（爆发）,break in（闯入）,break up（拆散/分裂）。句意为“据新闻
报道两国之间的和平 谈判因没达成一致而破裂”。根据句意和辨别，不难作出
判断，选择答案A.
焦点（1）Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _____
the shocking ending.（NMET 2003北京）
A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off
（2）The engine of the ship was out of order and the weather _____the helplessness of the crew at sea. （2003 上海）
A. added to B. resulted from C. turned out D. made up
点评（1）give away（泄漏），give out（散发/分发），give up（放弃），give off（散发出）,根据句意“…，否则会泄漏令人吃惊的结局。”就会选择A.
（2）added to（增加），resulted from（引起结果），turned out（结果是），made up（补足）。句意为“发动机除了故障以及气候恶劣更加使船员们失去了希望”，无疑选择答案A.
基点：Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine.（BOOK 2B-P.43）
考点6._______I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from
the danger.(2004 北京春季)
A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if
点拨：此题解题思路是“综观全局”，采取“辨析法” As far as（就……，尽……）表示程度或范围；As long as（只要、达……之久）；Just as（正如）；even if（即使）。B.C.D答案不符合题意，只能选答案B.
基点（1）So far as I know, it’s free.（BOOK 2B-P.7）
（2）So far as I remember it’s very cheap.（BOOK 2B-112）
（3）We will help you as far as we can.（BOOK 2B-P.159）
焦点：---How far apart do they live
---_____I know, they live in the same neighbourhood.（2003 上海）
A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As often as
点评：答案B. As far as（=so far as）意为“就……，尽……”，符合题意。
相关链接.It was foolish of him to _____his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.（2004 上海春季）
A. stick to B. refer to C. keep to D. point to
点评：stick to（坚持），refer to（参考），keep to（固守），point to（指向），答案B.
考点7.—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they
— .（NMET2003北京春季）
A.I guess not so. B.I don’t guess.
C.I don’t guess so D.I guess not
点拨：此题解题思路是“避免重复”，采取“替代法”。 not替代了
are not doing a good job at all，所以选答案D.
焦点（1）---I believe we’ve met somewhere before.
---No,_____.（2000 北京春季）
A. it isn’t the same B. it can’t be true
C.I don’t think so D. I’d rather not
（2）---Don’t you think it’s going to rain over the weekend.
---_____.（NMET 1994）
A.I don’t believe B.I don’t believe it
C.I don’t believe not so D.I believe not
（3）---Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday
---I ____,but I had an unexpected visitor.（NMET 1997）
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
（4）---I’ll be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat
---Not at all. ___.(NMET 1995)
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not
C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to
点评（1）答案C. I don’t think so = I think not.（2）答案D. I believe not. = I don’t believe so.（3）答案C.常用be going to/have to/ought to/used to/be able to/tell sb.（not） to/I’d like to/I’m glad to/I’d be happy to等不定式避免与前面的动词重复时。 （4）D.
相关链接（1）Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from .（2003上海春季）
A. those of the past B. the past
C. which of the past D. these past
（2）—He was nearly drowned once.
—When was
—＿was in 1998 when he was in middle school.（NMET 2002 北京春季）
A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This
（3）The Parkers bought a new house but will need a lot of work
before they can move in.（NMET 2001）
A. they B. it C. one D. which
（4）—Why don’t we take a little break
—Didn’t we just have （NMET 2000）
A. it B. that C. one D. this
（5）One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and .
（NMET2000 北京春季）
A. the other is white B. another white
C. the other white D. another is white
（6）Few pleasures can equal of a cool drink on a hot day.（NMET 1999）
A. some B. any C. that D. those
（7）Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can’t remember .（NMET 1998）
A. where B. there C. which D. that
点评（1）答案A. those替代了libraries，指代复数同名异物（有后置定语）。
（2）答案A. that指代前面提到的；it指代上文提到的事，He was nearly drowned in 1998 when was in middle school.
（3）答案D. it指代house,且指代单数同名同物。
（4）答案C. one 只指代单数可数名词 （可有前置定语）。在这里指代a little break
（5）答案C. the other特指两边中的另一边，the other 和 white之间，省去了is painted。
（6）答案C. that指代同名异物（有后置定语），在这里that指代 the pleasure。因为泛指“饮一杯冷饮的乐趣”。
（7）答案C.or是答题信息点，which指“哪一所大学”。
考点8.---It’s been a wonderful evening. Thank you very much.
---___.(NMET 2002 北京)
A. My pleasure B. I’m glad to hear that C. No, thanks D. It’s OK
点拨：此题解题思路是“出口成章”，采取“语感法”。 My pleasure相当于not at all类似的答语，所以选择答案A.
基点：----I hope so. Thank you.
----It’s a pleasure.（BOOK 2B-P.43）
焦点（1）---Have a nice weekend!
---_____.（NMET 1992）
A. The same to you B. You do too
C. The same as you D. Yes, have it too
（2）---I just heard that the tickets for tonight’s show have been sold out.
---Oh no!____.(NMET 2000 北京春季)
A.I was looking forward to that B. It doesn’t matter
C.I knew it already D. it’s not at all interesting
（3）---I had a really good weekend at my uncle’s.
---____.(NMET 1999)
A. Oh, that’s very nice of you B. Congratulations
C. It’s a pleasure D. Oh, I’m glad to hear that
（4）---Can I get you a cup of tea
---____.(NMET 1998)
A. That’s very kind of you B. With pleasure
C. You can, please D. Thank you for the tea
（5）---Do you think I could borrow your dictionary
---___.(NMET 1997)
A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could
C. Yes, go on D. Yes, help yourself
（6）--- I’d like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr. Smith.
---____.(NMET 1997)
A. Oh, no. Let’s not B. I’m very sorry, but I have other plan
C. I’d rather stay at home D. Oh, no. That’ll be too much trouble
（7）---I’m sorry I broke your mirror.
---Oh, really ____. (NMET 1996)
A. It’s OK with me B. It doesn’t matter
C. Don’t be sorry D. I don’t care
（8）---Hi, haven’t seen you for ages! You look fine.
---____. You look well, too. (NMET 1994)
A. Great B. Thanks C. Oh, no D. Not at all
答案：（1）A.（2）A.（3）D.（4）A.（5）D.（6）B.（7）B.（8）B.
考点9.Not only ____ interested in football but ___ beginning to show an interest in it.(2002上海)
A. the teacher himself is; all his students are
B. the teacher himself is; are all his students.
C. is the teacher himself; are all his students
D. is the teacher himself; all his students are
点拨：此题解题思路是“开门见山”，采取“句式法”。当not only…but (also) 并列谓语、表语或状语，并且not only前置时，应使用倒装句式（第一分句谓语必须部分倒装）。因此选择答案D.
基点（1）Not only does he have to type out the answer on the computer, but he also gets the computer to translate it into sounds.（BOOK 2B-P.44）
（2）Not only do disabled people read, write, draw pictures, paint and cook, but they also study, go to university, take exams and have jobs.（BOOK 2B-P.44）
焦点：Only when your identity has been checked,______.（2003 上海）
A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in
点评：only修饰的状语（从句、介词短语、副词）前置时，应使用主句倒装句式。
在这儿allow应使用被动语态，所以选答案D.
趣点：巧记口诀
主倒从不倒，从倒主不倒。
（前倒后不倒，后倒前不倒）
点评（1）Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.（BOOK B2-P.46）（前倒后不倒）
（2）Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.
（BOOK B2-P.179）（后倒前不倒/主倒从不倒）
（3）Tired though/as he was he went on working.（从倒主不倒，下同）
（4）Were I in your position（＝If I were…）,I would go.
（5）Not until his wife got home did he go to bed.（主倒从不倒，下同）
（6）Hardly had he sat down when the telephone rang.
（7）No sooner had he sat down than the telephone rang.
（8）Scarcely had he sat down before/when the telephone rang.
（9）So fresh is the air at the top of Mount Tai that we couldn’t help taking a few deep breaths.
考点10.Is this the reason ___ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work
(2002 上海春季)
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
点拨：此题解题思路是“瞻前顾后”，采取“补元法”。既看先行词，又看从句谓语。
he explained是定语从句，前面省略了作宾语的that/which,故选择A,
基点：The message he gave was that black people should not be separated
but should be treated as well as other people.（BOOK 2B-P.38）
焦点：Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,
I will always treasure.（NMET 2002）
A. that B. one C. it D. what
点评：one指代moment作同位语。（which／that）I will always treasure是定语从句，修饰先行词one,意为“一个永远珍惜的时刻”。答案B.
相关链接（1）The research is so designed that once nothing can be done
to change it.（NMET 2002）
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
（2）Unless to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
（2003上海春季）
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
（3）If ____the same treatment again, he’s sure to get well.（1998 上海）
A. giving B. give C. given D. being given
点拨（1）采取“补元法”解题。begun相当it is begun，答案选择D.
（2）invited＝you are invited , 答案A.（3）given相当于he is given，答案C.
考点11.—How was your recent visit to Qingdao
—It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the days
at the seaside.（NMET 1997）
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
点拨：此题考查形容词的排列顺序，解题思路是“论资排辈”，采取“排列法”，
答案B.方法如下：
趣点：巧记口诀（1）
县 官 行 令 宴 国 才（谐音）
限定词 观点 形状 年龄 颜色 国家 材料 ＋ 中心词
a nice short new gray British plastic ＋ pencil
巧记口诀（2）
限数描大小，长高新老色；
国材用途类，少前多在后。
巧记口诀（3）
限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新旧。
颜色国籍及材料，用途类别伴中心。
巧记口诀（4）
LOPSHACOM（两位足球运动员“洛波斯、哈坎”的谐音）
点评：L----limited OP----opinion SH----shape A----age
C----color O----original M----material
点评：限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)＋数词（序数词、基数词）＋描述性形容词(即：主观愿望的词。如：nice, pretty, moving, good等)＋特征形容词（大小、长短、高低、厚薄）＋形状（方圆）＋年龄、新旧＋颜色形容词＋国籍、出处＋物质、材料＋用途、类别＋中心词（即所修饰的名词）。例如：
China is a great powerful socialist country.
中国是一个伟大的社会主义强国。
I have a fine little round old red French wooden desk.
我有一张旧的小而精致的红法国木桌子。
A beautiful small round old table stood on the green Chinese woolen hall carpet.在走廊上那条绿色的中国羊毛地毯上，放着一张古老美观的小圆桌。
考点12.Only one of these books is __.（1986）
A. worth to read B. worth being read
C. worth of reading D. worth reading
点拨：此题解题思路是“把握信息”采取“搭配法”解题。答案D. be（well）worth doing是一种固定搭配。
焦点：—What do you think of the book
--Oh, excellent, It’s worth__ a second time. （1989）
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read （答案C.点评同上）
基点：Even though you disagree with her, she is worth well listening to.（BOOK 2B-P.112）
难点：worthy的用法与worth大相径庭。例如：
Only one of the books is worthy to be read/of being read.
趣点：巧记口诀
worth忌被,只加一；
worthy忌主,可加三。
require主被别顾忌，
包括need, want/deserve。
点评（1）worth后面跟动名词的主动式；worthy则跟不定式或带of动名词的被动式。
Whatever is worth doing at all, is worth doing well.
The event is worthy of remembrance.
（=of being remembered/to be remembered）.
　The film is worth seeing.
= The film is worthy to be seen.= The film is worthy of being seen.
（2）need, require, want，deserve（受到；值得）等动词后接不定式的被动式
或动名词的主动式，其意思相同。例如：
　Your bike needs to be repaired.= Your bike needs repairing.
The teaching plan requires further discussing.
= The teaching plan requires to be further discussed.
Her fine qualities deserved to be praised.
= Her fine qualities deserved such praise/ praising.
她的优秀品质值得表扬。
He deserved a reward（=rewarding/to be rewarded）.
考点13.It happened to be very cold the morning of our sports meet.（1985）
A. at B. of C. on D. with
点拨：此题解题思路是“习以为常”，采取“惯用法”解题。答案C.具体指某日
（上午、下午、晚上等），须用介词on.
焦点（1） the morning of June 27, they visited the Great Wall.（1979）
A. In B. At C. On D. From
（2）We often go to the park Sunday morning.（1979）
A. on B. in C. at D. from
（3）He decided to visit the family Friday night.（1987）
A. at B. in C. on D. over
（4）He suddenly returned a rainy night.(1988)
A. on B. at C. in D. during
答案（1）C.（2）A.（3）C.（4）A.
基点（1）On April 4th,1968,he was murdered.（BOOK 2B-P.39）
（2）Albert Einstein was born in German on March 14th,1879.（BOOK 2B-P.2）
（3）He died on April 18th,1955 at the age of 76.（BOOK 2B-P.3）
难点（1）What have you been doing all（the）morning/this morning.（无介词）
（2）In the early morning of April 30,we got to my hometown.
She returned to school in the late afternoon of May 5,2004.
点评（1）morning/afternoon/evening/week/month/summer/year等词之前有all/every/each/per/this/that/these/those/last/next等修饰词，一般不用介词。
（2）morning/afternoon/evening等词之前有early或late修饰，应使用in.
趣点：巧记口诀
　　 时间介词速记歌
年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。 1.We went to Nanjing in October,1977.（1978）
遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。 2.I saw her on January 1st.
要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。 3.on the morning/afternoon of May Day
午夜黄昏用at，黎明用它 at也不错。 4.At dusk/dawn/daybreak, they started.
at用在时分前，说“差”要用to， 5.－What time is it by your watch？
说“过”要用past,分前点后。 －A quarter to eight.（BOOK 2B-P.43）
多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月空蹉跎。 6.It is twenty past eleven now.
相关链接考点（介词）The number of the employees has grown from 1000 to 1200.
This means it has risen 20 percent.（1999 上海）
A. by B. at C. to D. with
点拨：by表示“增加了（或减少了）”……,而to表示“增加到（或减少到）”……,答案A.
基点（1）As a result, costs will be reduced by as much as 90%.（BOOK 2B-P.26）
（2）It is possible to work out whether you will save or lose money
by the temperature by 1℃.（BOOK 2B-P.26）
考点14. be sent to work there （2002上海）
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should
点拨：采取“还原法”解题。答案A.表示“建议、请求、命令、主张”等意义的动词，后面所跟的宾语从句，其谓语用（should）＋ 动词原形。
基点（1）I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.（BOOK 1A-P.154）
（2）The teacher insists that the students（should）not be late. （BOOK 2B-P.176）
焦点：A group was formed to demand that the bus company should change its unfair practices…（BOOK 2B-P.168）
难点：值得注意的是： suggest作“暗示”、“表明”或“说明”和insist
作“坚持认为/坚持说”讲时，不用虚拟语气，而是使用陈述语气。如：
He insisted three years is not enough for a good interpreter.
Her expression suggested that she was angry.
趣点：巧记口诀（1）DISCO（迪斯科）demand/desire/decide/determine,insist,
suggest/suppose,command,order
巧记口诀（2）
我主张（urge）,请求（ask）归请求（beg/pray）,
要求（request/require）还要求（demand/desire）,
假设（suppose） 一旦决定（decide/determine）
了的禁令（forbid/command/order）,建议（advise/propose/prefer/recommend/move/suggest）
坚持（insist）下去。
点评：记住上面这句话就不难记住这21个带虚拟从句的动词。它们后面所跟宾语从句的谓语是should加原形动词。有时should往往省略。如：
They urged that the library (should) be kept open during the vacation.
I forbade that you （should）leave the room.
He suggested (that) we (should) come another day.
相关链接（1）与上述21个动词表示“建议或命令”等意义相应的名词，如：advice, demand, order, proposal, suggestion，idea, plan, 等后面的同位语从句或表语从句，其谓语习惯上也往往用 “should+动词原形”，should可省略。如：
He made a suggestion that we (should) come another day.
His suggestion was that we (should) come another day.
（2）上述21个动词的主动语态改为被动语态时，主语从句其谓语习惯上也往往用 “should+动词原形”，should可省略。如：
It was suggested that we (should) come another day.
考点15. of the land in that district covered with trees and grass.（2000 上海）
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
点拨：采取“消元法”解题。答案C.因为land是单数，所以选择is。当分数、百分数以及all/most/more/some/half/part等作主语时，其谓语形式跟of后面搭配一致。例如：Half of the apple goes bad. Half of the apples go bad.
焦点：About of the workers in that steel works are young people.（1983）
A. third－fifths B. three－fifths C. three－fives D. three－fifth 答案B.
基点：1.This is because two thirds of the earth’s surface is made up of vast oceans.（BOOK 2B-P.20）
难点（1）1/2的表达常常是one half或a half，一般不用one second/a second（一秒）。
（2）带分数和假分数的表示如下：
one and a half但3/2写成three over two
two and seven-ninths
【注】基数词与序数词之间有无连字符号均可。
趣点：巧记口诀
分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于一，分母变复数。
点评：1/3 one third,2/3 two thirds，此外，1／4 one-fourth或one quarter/a quarter，
3／4 three-fourths或three quarters.
考点16. role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.（2002上海春季）
A. How interesting B. How an interesting
C. What interesting D. What an interesting
点拨：此题解题思路是“前后对应”，采取“还原法”。这是考查感叹句。
What an interesting role …＝How interesting a role …，答案D.
焦点（1） food you’ve cooked!(NMET 1991)
A. How a nice B. How nicest
C. What a nice D. What nice
（2） we have today!（1983）
A.A fine weather B. What a fine weather
C. How a fine weather D. What fine weather
（3）_____terrible weather we’ve been having these days!（1992）
A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
（4）Oh, John. you gave us!（1990）
A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise
C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise
答案（1）D.（2）D.（3）D.（4）C.
基点（1）What a beautiful, nice gift I’ve got for you!
（2）What a pity!（BOOK 2B-P.61）/What a pair!（BOOK 2B-p.70）
（3）What a shame!（BOOK 2A-P.31）
（4）Have a good time!（BOOK 2B-P.43）/It must be him！（BOOK 2B-P.1）
趣点：巧记口诀 感叹句速记歌
感叹句，并不难。 1.What happy boys they are！
What和how 在句前。 2.What lovely weather it is!
What紧跟（形）名词， 3.What noise the are making!
How紧连形/副词， 4.How kind of you!
去掉how也常见。 5.How quickly you eat!
以下两点要记清： 6.How（much） Tom hated these beasts!
冠（形）名what填， 7.What an idea! 8.What a good time we’ve had today!
形冠名how向前。9.How honest a boy he is! 10.How careless he is!（1986）
many/much伴how, 11.How many books（he has）!
还有little和few。 12.How much dust!
主谓在后不用变，13.What a fool you are!
省略他们最常见。14.What fun!
陈述疑问祈使句，15.Liping runs so fast! 16.How time flies!
表示感叹并常见。17.Do come often! 18.Yes,isn’t that interesting!
单词短语可感叹，19.Yes,perfectly wonderful! 20.To do such a thing!
还有问候告别语。21.Good morning! 22.See you!
【注】两“多”两“少”（many/much/little/few）中，little表“小”的用法区别：
How little education she received！What little gifts she received!
相关链接—Sorry, Joe. I don’t mean to…（NMET 2003）
--Don’t call“Joe”.I’m Mr. Parker to you, and ______you forget it!
A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t
点评：句末感叹号是答题信息点。 don’t you forget it!是祈使句，可以还原成（you ）don’t forget it!有时为了指明向谁提出请求或命令，或为了加强语气，祈使句之前可加主语。在否定句中you应置于don’t之后。因对方用了不礼貌的称呼，为了表示自己的不满，用了带主语的祈使句来加强语气，答案D.
考点17. turn green in spring.（1986）
A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves
点拨：采取“分析法”答案D. Leaf为可数名词，复数名词表种类（泛指）。类似表达：
A leaf turns green in spring./The leaf turns green in spring.
基点：The soil is made from the dead leaves of the trees above.（BOOK 1A-P.145）
难点（1）German/human---Germans/humans, stomach----stomachs
（2）mouse---mice, child---children, foot/tooth---feet/teeth
（3）tooth-brush----tooth-brushes, film-goer----film-goers
passer-by----passers-by, looker-on----lookers-on
man servant---men servants, woman driver----women drivers
（4）grown-up――grown-ups, a sports meet/sports shoes
趣点：巧记口诀（1）妻子持刀去宰狼，贼偷面包发了慌；
躲在架后保己命，半数树叶都落光。
巧记口诀（2）半数树叶自己黄，妻子持刀去抢粮；
架后窜出一条狼，就像强盗逃命忙。
巧记口诀（3）贼、狼、刀, 贼、狼、刀，（thief/wolf/knife）
自己、书架、妻子同面包；（self/shelf/wife/loaf）
小精灵，爱树叶，（elf/leaf）
小牛犊，半人生。（calf/half/life）
点评：以f或fe结尾的名词，须将f或fe改v后加-es，常见的有10单词：
wife, knife, wolf, thief, loaf, shelf, self, life, half, leaf…，包括
housewife以及反身代词myself, yourself, himself/herself/itself变复数形式。
巧记口诀（4）
农奴的首领相信有人把保险箱藏在靠
近海湾的屋顶上，这一点得到了证实。
巧记口诀（5）
海湾边、屋顶上，农奴首领俩相望；
谁说他们无信仰，证据绣在手帕上。
点评：常见以f或fe结尾的名词变复数直接加-s的有７个单词：
serf, chief, belief, safe, gulf, roof, proof
【注】handkerchief的复数既可加-s, 也可改f为-ves。
相关链接（1）以o结尾的名词，直接在词尾加-s的单词:bamboo, kilo, photo, piano, radio, tobacco, zoo（此类多表示无生命的名词）。
（2）以o结尾的名词要加-es。例如：　
Negroes and heroes like eating roasted potatoes and tomatoes
from volcano（e）s.
记忆口诀 (1)黑人英雄喜欢吃来自火山烤的土豆和西红柿。
记忆口诀 (2)黑人和英雄越过火山，携带的土豆和西红柿被烤焦了。
（可谓两“人”两“菜”隔一“火山”）
【注】zero, volcano的复数较随便，既可加-es, 也可加-s。
考点18.They knew her very well. They had seen her _______up from childhood.（1988）
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
点拨：采取“句式法”答案A. see跟不带to的不定式作宾补；带to的不定式作主补。
焦点（1）Though he had often made his little sister___, today he was made __by his little sister. （1987）
A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
（2）John was made the truck for a week as a punishment.（NMET 1991）
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
答案（1）（2）均为A.
基点：A loud knock on the floor made me wake up suddenly.（BOOK 2B-P.47）
难点：A computer does only what thinking people____.(1999 上海)
A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done
点评：答案A. have sth./sb.do.sth.区别：have sth./sb. to do. 例如：
I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything_____
（2004 上海春季）
A. to be buy B. to buy C. for buying D. bought
答案B. have sth. to do中，to do作定语。
趣点：巧记口诀（1）
make sb. do, do前面不用to；
变为被动式时，do前必加上to。
点评：感官动词或使役动词跟不带to的不定式作宾补，跟带to的不定式作主补。
这类常见动词有11个半（ help后面的宾补有无to均可,就算半个）。例如：
与“看”有关的： 与“听”有关的： 与“使”有关的： 与“……到”有关的：
see hear have feel
look at listen to let notice
watch make observe
巧记口诀（2）
五“看”see，look at，watch，notice，observe
三“使”have，let，make
二“听”hear，listen to
一“感觉”feel
半“帮助”help
【注】（1）let用于被动结构时，不定式可带to, 也可不带to:
The grass has been let(to) grow.
（2）see sb./sth.doing, have sth./sb.done等类似结构：
If Dr Baker is in the hall, will he please make himself known to me （BOOK 1B-P.145）
相关链接（1）feel跟不定式be带to的形式作宾补：He felt them to be right.
（2）know跟带不定式的复合结构作宾补（多带to，间或不带to）：
I never knew him（to）act without thinking.（我从未发现他轻率行事过。）
The rich woman has never known a man die of hunger.
（这位有钱的妇女从不知道人会饿死。）
（3）find有时也跟不带to的不定式的复合结构作宾补：
The teacher found him that pupil’s attention wander.
（老师发现那个学生的注意力不集中。）
You will never find him（to）neglect his work.
（你决不会看到他马马虎虎做工作。）
（4）bid（bade, bidden命令/吩咐）有时也跟不带to的不定式的复合结构
作宾补：He bade me（to）take care.（他嘱咐我当心。）
考点19.He is the only one of the students who ___ a winner of scholarship
for three years.(2002 上海春季)
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
点拨：采取“消元法”，就一目了然。谓语必须与先行词（the only）one保持一致, 答案D。假如去掉 the only,答案选C（a winner变为复数形式）。
焦点：（1）No one in the department but Tom and I _____that the director
is going to resign.（2004上海春季）
A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know
（2）E-mail, as well as telephones, ____ an important part in daily communication.(1999 上海)
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
点评：Tom and I和 as well as telephones分别是（1）（2）的“陷阱”，答案均为A.
基点（1）All the black marchers who had been put in prison were set free.
（BOOK 2B-P.40）
（2）The earliest coins in the west were made of gold mixed with silver.
（BOOK 2A-P.32）
（3）I know that one of the towers is on the top of a hill.（BOOK 2B-P.43）
（4）The problem with electrical signals is that they get weaker and weaker
as they travel along metal wires.（BOOK 2B-P175）
难点：The couple as well as their daughter are going on a picnic next week.
相关链接（1）Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ___,of course, made the others unhappy.(NMET 2000)
A. who B. which C. this D. what
（2）He was very rude to the customs officer,___ of course made things
even worse.(1999 上海)
A. who B. whom C. what D. which
（3）—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
—What do you suppose to her （NMET 1991）
A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened
点评：采取“消元法”解题。分别消除of course，do you suppose，思路更敏捷。答案（1）B.（2）D.（3）C.
考点20.It was only with the help of the local guide_____.（2004上海春季）
A. was the mountain climber rescued
B. that the mountain climber was rescued
C. when the mountain climber was rescued
D. then the mountain climber was rescued
点拨：此题采取“消元法”解题，假如是考查强调句式，那么消除It was和that之后，句子结构仍然完整。如：The mountain climber was rescued only with the help of the local guide.不难看出答案，肯定是B。
基点：It was in the park that I met my old friend yesterday.
焦点（1）It is these poisonous products ______can cause the symptoms of the flu,
such as headache and aching muscle.（2003 上海）
A. who B. that C. how D. what
（2）It was because of bad weather ___ the football match had to be put off.
（2003 上海春季）
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
（3）____was in 1979 ___ I graduated from university.(1998 上海)
A. That; that B. It; that C. That; when D. It; when
（4）It was ___ he said ___ disappointed me.(1999 上海)
A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what
（5）It was for this reason___ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.(2001 上海春季)
A. which B. why C. that D. how
（6）It is the ability to do the job ___ matters not where you come from or
what you are.(NMET 2000)
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案 （1）B.（2）D.（3）B.（4）A.（5）C.（6）B.
难点：—What was the party like
—Wonderful. It’s years I enjoyed myself so much.（NMET 1993）
A. after B. before C. when D. since
点评：当强调一段时间应该使用since，答案D.
警点It is pretty well understood ______controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. （2003 上海）
A. that B. when C. what D. how
点评：这句不是强调句式。what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。而that引导名词性从句不作任何语法成分，也无任何含义。答案C才是明智的选择。
湖南省湘乡市第三中学外语组 高级教师 周洪敦 撰写
（电话:0732-6811014 手机13975271659 邮编:411400）