（专题讲座）定语从句2008打印版(广东省佛山市)

（专题讲座） 定语从句
一. 基本概念
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. 住在我们隔壁的人卖蔬菜.
You must do everything that I do. 你必须做我做的一切.
定语从句：（在复合句中）作定语的从句。
（提示：把从句看成一个整体）
（复习：单词，词组和句子都可以作定语。如：I bought his book.
I bought his new book. I borrowed the book which he bought yesterday. )
（思考：什么叫主语从句，宾语从句，状语从句，表语从句？）
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 （思考：如何理解“先行”？）
引导词：引导定语从句的词，又叫关系词，分为关系代词( that，which，who，whom，whose） 和关系副词（when, where, why）
注意: 1. 定语从句要放在先行词之后, 而在汉语中，无论定语有多长，都要放在名词之前。例如：He still remembers the house where he was born.
他还记得他出生的房子。
2. 从句的结构= 连接词+主语+谓语。例如：I don’t know what he said.
(凡是从句都要使用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后)
小结：能够划出主句和定语从句；先行词和引导词是基本功。
试练如下几题：
1. I shall never forget the day when I went to college.
2. The boy who is playing on the grass is her brother.
3. The letter which I received yesterday was from my best friend.
4. The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.
5. Do you know the park which was built last year?
二. 引导词的三大功能
(I) 连接主句和从句的作用。
(2) 代替先行词（以免重复）。
(3) 在定语从句中充当句子成分。
如：I lost the book which I bought yesterday. 　(which在定语从句中作宾语）
定语从句引导词的选用及其省略是高考的重点和难点，但是，始终围绕引导词的“三大功能”思考，是掌握定语从句的关键。
技巧：定语从句都可以转换成一个陈述句。
(which I bought yesterday=I bought the book yesterday.）。
试练如下几题：
1. The boy who is playing on the grass is my brother.
2. I don’t know the reason why (=for which) he didn’t help me.
3. Can you tell me the way in which you learn English?
4. This is the school where I studied 10 years ago.
5. My brother, who is an engineer, is thirty-two. 我的哥哥三十二岁，他是一个工程师。
三．先行词和引导词的关系
1. 关系代词是先行词的复指
A plane is a machine that can fly. (that = the machine)
The boy who broke the window is called Tom. (who = the boy )
2. 关系代词whose是先行词的所有格
The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.
(whose = the boy’s)
3. 关系副词是介词＋先行词
The school where (=in which) I study is far from my home. (where = in the school)
试练如下几题：
1. Do you know the boy whose mother is a doctor?
2. This is the house where(=in which) we lived ten years ago.
3. The girl who is standing there is Called Mary.
4. I lost the pen which he lent to me?
四. 关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when (=on which) I first came to Beijing.
我还记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。
2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
That is the house where (= in which) he lived ten years ago.
那是他10年前住过的房子。
3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
I know the reason why (=for which) she was so angry.
我知道她为什么那么生气。
注：①why作关系副词只用在reason后面。
②“关系副词＝介词十which”
五. 区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
①看形式：限制性定语从句和主句不可用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。
This is the book which I bought yesterday.
His dog, which was very old, became ill and died.
②看从句能否省略：限制性定语从句省去后，主句的意思就会不清楚。非限制性定语从句只起补充说明的作用，省去后主句的意思仍然清楚。
This is the hospital where he was operated on a few months ago.
这就是他几个月前动手术的医院。 （限制性定语从句）
The sun, which sis very hot, gives a lot of energy
太阳很热，它给人类很多热量。 （非限制性定语从句）
③看翻译：限制性定语从句译成定语（“……的”），而非限制性定语从句单独译成一个句子。试比较：
She has a sister who is a musician.（限制性定语从句）
她有一个当音乐家的姐姐。 （她有几个姐姐，其中一个是音乐家）
She has a sister, who is a musician.（非限制性定语从句）
她有一个姐姐，是音乐家。 （她只有一个姐姐，她是音乐家）
六. 限制性定语从句的英译汉
方法①：先译定语从句（译为“……的”），再译先行词。
The station is the place where we met together. 车站是我们见面的地方
方法②：先译主句，再译从句，最后把它们相加。
The station is the place where we met together.
车站就是那个地方 + 我们在那里见面。
练习：翻译下面的句子
提示:　无论是英译汉还是汉译英，都先找出先行词和定语从句。
The teacher who taught us English was elected the headmaster of the school.
Everything that she said seemed quite reasonable.
我还记得我小时候借过书的那个图书馆。
汤姆考试失败的原因是他的粗心。
这就是我学英语的方式。
星期一是我最忙的一天。
屋顶被毁的房子己经修补了。
这就是我去年我们参观过的学校。
七. 选用关系代词还是关系副词？
（复习：I saw him today. → When did you see him?
Today is Monday. → Which day is Monday?
时间一般作状语，有时也可以作主语或宾语，提问所用的疑问词也不同，地点一样。因此，不能一见先行词是时间，地点，就不加分析地一律使用when或,where.）
当先行词是时间或地点等，关键在于判断引导词在定语从句中充当状语还是宾语。换句话说，要求分析从句的谓语动词和先行词之间构成动宾关系还是动状关系。例如：
I）I still remember the days which we spent together.
2）I still remember the days when we worked together.
3）I still remember the days in which we worked together.
复习：区别动宾关系与动状关系。
参观工厂 （动宾关系，宾语就是动作的承受者）
在工厂工作 （动状关系，状语说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因等）
还可见，在汉语中宾语放在动词的后面，状语放在宾语的前面。
This is the factory ________ we visited last year.
This is the factory ________ we worked together last year.
I don’t know the reason ___________ he didn’t do his homework.
I don’t know the reason ___________ he told you.
八“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用
引导词与定语从句中某成分的搭配需要介词时，介词的选择要看从句语义（尤其要注意先行词和从句的谓语动词的习惯搭配）。
解题技巧：还原法（定语从句都可以还原为一个陈述句）
That’s the reason for which he didn’t go to school this morning.（for... reason系固定搭配）
（定语从句=he didn’t go to school for the reason this morning.）
That’s the famous building, at the top of which there’s a tower（塔子）
（定语从句=there’s a tower at the top of the famous building).
My glasses, ___________ which I was like a blind man，fell to the ground and broken.
He is a person with great experience, _______ whom we can learn much.
I found a knife ________ which I cut the cake.
九. 其它考点
１.“名词／代词+of which /whom”一般引导非限制性定语从句，指部分和全体的关系，
She has three sons, two of whom are teachers.
=She has three sons and two of them are teachers.
说明：非限制性定语从句都可以改为一个并列句。
2. What she said is true.= All that she said is true.她说的是真的。
可见 what=“先行词十关系代词”
This is the way (in which / that) I learn English. 这就是我学英语的方法。
当先行词是the way (方式／方法)，引导词用in which或that, 也可省略
牢记：what和how不可以作定语从句的引导词。what引导从句多表示“所……的人（事物）”。　
改错：All what she did was right.
译：我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。
十. 引导词一览表
①关系代词
关系代词
主 语
宾 语
定　语
指人
who
that
whom
who
that
whose
指物
which
That
which
that
whose (=of which)
指人和物
that
that
whose
when= on (in, during…) which 在那时；当……时
②关系副词 where= on（in，in front of…）which 在那里；往那里
why= for which 为什么
③as作关系（代／副）词也可以引导定语从句。
(1)“这一点”　As is well known，the earth is round. 众所周知，地球是圆的。
(2)“象……样的人（物）；凡是…样的人（物）
　　　 用于such/the same/as...... as结构。
如：This is the same book as I bought yesterday.　这是一本和我昨天买的一样的书。
如何填定语从句的引导词
引导词代替先行词并在定语从句中充当句子成分，所以引导词是由先行词的种类和引导词在定语从中所作的成分决定的。
具体地讲，要注意下几个方面：
一. 首先找准先行词。
一般来说，先行词一看即知，但有时侯比较复杂，这时找准先行词便成为解题的关键。
1) Is this factory _________ we visited last week?
2) Is this the factory __________ we visited last week?
A. which B. where C. what D. the one
分析：主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须具有主语和谓语，缺一不可。如果把原句还原
成陈述句，我们可以看出，第一题缺少表语（无先行词），只有Ｄ项才能保持主句的完整性。第二题主句本身完整，先行词为the factory, 引导词在定语从句中作visited的宾语。故选A
3) I read a funny story when I was at school, __________ I still remember clearly
A. which B. when C. that D. where
分析：本句的先行词为a funny story, 先行词和定语从句被时间状语从句when I was at school隔开（这就是所谓的“分隔式定语从句”），答案为A.
二. 再确定先行词的种类和引导词在定语从句中所充当的成分。
1. 先行词是人，引导词如果在定语从句中作主语时用who／that，作宾语时用whom／
who / that／一。如：
①The number of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250,000.
②The boy (whom/who/that) we saw yesterday was John’s brother.
2. 先行词是物，引导词如果在定语从句中作主语时用which／that, 作宾语时用which／that／一。如：
①It sounded like a train which／that was going under my house.
②The car (which / that) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.
3. 先行词是时间（如：day, month, year), 引导词在定语从句中作状语时，用when(表示
“当……时”），作主语或宾语时用which / that／一。如：
①I still remember the days when we studied together.
②I still remember the days (which/that) we spent together.
4. 先行词是地点（如：place, house), 引导词在定语从句中作状语时，用where(表示“在
那里；往那里”），作主语或宾语时用which/that/-。如：
①This is the place where we worked last year.
②This is the place (which/that) we visited last year.
5. 先行词是人或物，引导词如果在定语从句中作定语时，用whose.表示“……人／物
的”。如：①We found the boy whose father is a doctor.
The tree whose leaves are yellow is dying soon.
6. 先行词是the reason, 引导词如果在定语从句中作状语时用why（表示“为什么”），
作主语或宾语时用which／that／一。如：
①The reason why he didn’t come is not known.
②The reason (which/that) he told us is reasonable.
7. 先行词是the way（方法），引导词如果在定语从句中作状语时用(in which/that)，千
万不要用how，作主语或宾语时用which／that／一。如：
I want to know the way (in which/that) you learn English.
8. 先行词是整个主句时，用as／which引导非限制性从句。如：
He married her, which／as was natural.
注：which和as引导非限制性定语从句时有区别。
①（位置上）as从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，而which从句只能放在句尾。如：As we had seen, oceans cover more than 70% percent of the earth.
②（词义上)as有“正如，好象”之义，习惯上常与表示感知的动词或形容词连用，多构成固定表达，常见的有As is well known，As we know, As was expected等。而which（这时表示“这”或“这一点”）引导的非限制性定语从句无此惯例。如：
As is known to us, the moon goes round the earth.
Jack came late for school，which made his teacher angry.
三. 特殊情况
1. 只能用that的情况：
①先行词是不定代词（如：all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much, few等）或先行
词被all, only, every, no, some, any, little, few, very（恰好，正是）等修饰时。
All that he said is true.
Everything that can be done is done.
Ask any questions that you don’t understand.
He was the only one of the students that was praised.
（与He was one of the students who /that was praised.不同）
He is the very man that they are looking for.
②先行词既有人义有物时。
He talked about the peoples and the countries that he had seen.
③先行词是序数词，形容词的最高级或被序数词，形容词的最高级（包括first, last)修
饰时。
The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.
He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
He is one of the richest that live in this area.
This is the best book that I have read this year.
④关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
Our village is no longer the place that it used to be.
⑤主句是以who / that开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是疑问代词who时（以免重复）。
Which is the room that Mr. Wang lives in?
Who that has seen his works doesn’t admire him？
⑥被same修饰的先行词后可用that而不用which.
Yesterday I met the same scientist that you met last year.
2.不能用that的情况
①引导词在定语从句中作介词宾语且置于该介词之后时，先行词如果是人用whom，先行词如果是物则用which，（并且都不可以省略）。
The person at whom the boys are laughing is my brother.
The room in which we live is very clean.
说明1: 将介词移至定语从句中或句尾时，whom可换用who或that也可省去；which可
换用that也可省去。
2: 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，动词和介词不可分割，一旦分割开，意思就发生了改变。如：This is the pen which I’m looking for. = This is the pen for which I’m looking.
The man (whom/who/that) I spoke to just now is our manager.
The day (which/that) she arrived on was Wednesday
②在非限制性定语从句中.
The sun, which is very hot, gives a lot of energy to man.
③先行词是时that（以免重复）。
What’s that which is moving on the table?
3. 只能用as的情况
先行词是the same, such或被the same such as修饰时，引导词只能用as.（构成the
Same…as，such… as和as … as等结构）。
Students such as you have mentioned should be criticized.
I have the same trouble in pronunciation as you (have).
Pollution is such a big problem as concerns the whole mankind.
We have repaired the machine (in) the same way as they (have).
He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.
注：先行词被the same修饰，可以跟as，也可以跟that作关系代词，但是意义有区别。
比较：That’s the same watch as I lost yesterday. 那块手表和我的昨天丢的相似。（不是同一块）
That’s the same watch that I lost yesterday. 那就是我昨天丢的手表。（同一块）
四. 引导词的省略
1.引导词在定语从句中作及物动词的宾语时，或者作介词的宾语且介词放在句尾时，可以省略。
The boy (whom/who/that) we saw yesterday was John.
Is this the computer room (which/that) you work in？
2.引导词that在定语从句中作表语时可以省略。
The city is not the one (that) it was ten years ago.
五. 引导词的转换
1.当先行词是表示时间，地点或原因的名词（如：time, morning, day, the place, house, the reason等），而且引导词又在定语从句中作状语时，一般使用when／where／why，也可以换
成相应的“介词＋关系代词”。具体如下：
when = at／in／on／ during... which（时间状语）
where = at／in... which（地点状语）
why = for which（原因状语）
I sill remember the year when (=in which) I worked with Mr. Smith.
He has a small garden where (=in which) trees may be planted.
We didn’t know the reason why (=for which) he was late again.
2.关系代词whose指具体事物或抽象概念时，可与of+which结构互换，但词序不同，
即whose+名词=the+名词+of which（或者=of which+the+名词）。例如：
whose cover
That is the book of which the cover is blue.
the cover of which
复习：Its cover is blue.=The cover of the book is blue.
注：①用of短语修饰的名词前应带“the”，而whose修饰的名词前则不用冠词。
②of短语放在被修饰的名词的前后均可，而whose只能放在名词前。
定语从句专项练习
一. 用引导词填空
1. This is the lab ________ was built last year.
2. You must watch carefully everything ________ the teacher does in class.
3. This is the very book ________ I am looking for.
4. Which is the book _______ you want?
5. They talked about the people and the things ________ they can remember.
6. ________ you know, he is a good comrade.
7. He is a good comrade, ________ makes us happy.
8. I have the same clothes ________ you have.
9. I have never seen such an interesting film ________ this one is.
10. This is the doctor ________ we usually hear.
11.I have never seen so interesting a film ________ this one is.
12. The college ________ his sister studies is in the east of the city.
13. This is the best composition ________ I have written.
14. I don’t know the reason ________ he failed.
15. Is there anyone here ________ speaks German?
16. The copybook, ________ is on the shelf, is very useful.
17. Is this the book ________ you want?
18. Is this book ________ you want?
19. This is the factory ________ he worked three years ago.
20. This factory is the one ________ he worked three years ago.
21. The sun, ________ rises in the east, is read.
22. Do you still remember the days ________ we spent together.
23. Do you still remember the days ________ we worked together.
24. Who is the person ________ told you the truth？
25. The reason ________ he didn’t come here is not known.
26. The reason ________ he told us is reasonable.
27. Will you please show me the girl ________ name is Linda?
28. That’s the hotel ________ we stayed last year.
29. He met my mother, from ________ he got the news of my marriage.
30. She had three sons, all of ________ became doctors.
31. This is the most difficult book I have read.
32. We do the same work ________ they do.
33. Don’t talk about such thongs ________ you don’t understand.
34. Do you know who lives in the building in front of ________ there is a well.
35. The pencil ________ I wrote is gone.
36. This is Mr. Smith, ________ I think has sth. interesting to tell us.
37. She came at once, ________ surprised me very much.
38. The girl to ________ I lent my bike is in hospital.
二. 选择填空
1.The Second World War ________ millions of people were killed was over in 1949·
A. when B. in which C. which D.／
2. They paid 20 pounds to the boys for cleaning the rooms, most of ________ hadn’t been cleaned.
A. what B. which C. that D. which
3. Do you talk about such things ________ you do not understand?
A. what B. which C. as D. where
4. He studied hard at school when he was young, ________ led to his success in his later life.
A. what B. which C. That D. so that
5. I can still remember the sitting-room ________ my mother and I used to sit in the morning.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
6. My glasses, ________ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and was broken.
A. which B. with which C. without which D. without that
7. Who is the person ________ you shook hands with just now?
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
8. The tree ________ leaves are yellow is dying soon
A. which B. whose C. that D. as
9. All the books are on the shelf are in German
A. which B. that C. where D. when
10. Mr. Smith is one of the foreign professors who ________ in China.
A. works B. is working C. are working D. has been working.
11. I’11 tell you ________ last year
A. all she told it to me B. all that she told it to me.
C .all she told me D. all which she told me
12. It is the forth time ________ you’ve come late for school this month.
A. when B. that C. which D. in which
13. Please pass me the book the cover ________ is very old.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. in which
14. Is this lab ________ they visited five years ago?
A. the one B. which C. that D. where
15. I, ________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which is
16. ________ the compass（指南针）was first invented in China.
A. It well known to all B. It is known that C. we all knowing D. As is known to all
17. This is the very dictionary ________ I want to buy.
A. which B. that C. what D. for which
18. He is a person with great experience, ________ we can learn much
A .who B. whom C. from who D. from whom
19. October 1, 1949 is the day ________ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
A. when B. which C. that D. in which
20. There are many islands in China, ________ Tai wan is the largest one.
A. of which B. through which C. on which D. for which
21. Anyone ________ this opinion may speak out.
A. that againsts B. that is against C. who is against D. who are against
22. A football fan is ________ has a strong interest in football·
A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what
23. Didn’t you see the man ________?
A.I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now
C.I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now.
24. Have you seen the girl ________？
A. that I told B. I told you of C. whom I told you D. I told you
25 The radio set ________ has gone wrong.
A.I bought it last week B. which I bought it last week
C .I bought last week D. what I bought last week
26. Can you lend me the novel ________ the other day?
A. that you talked B. you talked about it
C .which you talked with D. you talked about
27. The matter ________ you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A. that B. what C. why D. for which
28. They talked for about an hour of things and persons ________ they remembered in the school·
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
29. Who ________ has common sense will do such a thing?
A. which B. who C. which D. that
30. All the apples ________ fell down were eaten by the pigs
A. that B. those C. which D. what
31. They asked him to tell them everything ________ he saw at the front.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
32. I’11 tell you ________ he told me last week.
A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all
33. Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?
A. that B.／ C. which D. it
34. A Child ________ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. who B. who’s C. whose D. which
35. Is this the museum ________ visited the other day?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
36. Is this museum ________ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where C. on which D. the one
37. 一How do you like the book?
一It’s quite different from ________ I read last month.
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
38. Which sentence is wrong?
A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.
B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform?
C. Science and mew technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on
the same amount of land
D. people in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth·
39. The train ________ she was traveling was late.
A. which B. where C. on which D. in that
40. He has lost the key to the drawer一一一一the papers are kept.
A. where B. on which C. under which D. which
41. Antarctic we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
42. It’s the third time late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived
C .that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
43. Each time ________ they met they would talked long hours together
A. which B. during C. when D.／
＊44. It was in 1969 the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon
A. that B. which C. when D. in which
45. He was born in the year ________ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.
A. which B. when C. on which D. during which
46. Mr. Croseett will never forget the days ________ he spent with his various students.
A. when B. which C. during which D . on which
47. A steel plant is a place ________ steel is made.
A. which B. when C. whose D. where
48. This is just the place ________ I am longing to visit these years.
A. that B. where C. in which D. to where
49. We are going to spend the Spring Festival on Guangzhou, ________ live my grandparents and some relatives
A. which B. that C. who D. where
＊50. The hotel ________ during our holidays stands by the seaside’
A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D . in that we stayed
51. Please put the letter ________ he can easily find it.
A. in which B. where C. wherever D. which
52. I have bought the same dress ________ shi is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. than
53. Please lend us ________ tool as was used the other day.
A. same B. as C. the same D. that
54. He is not ________ a fool ________.
A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks
C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks
55. Is that the reason ________ you are in favor of the proposal?
A. which B. that C. why D. for that
56. Some of the roads were flooded, ________ made our journey more difficult.
A. which B. it C. what D. that
57. He must be from Africa, ________ can be seen from his skin.
A. that B. as C. who D. what
58. He has two sons, ________ work as chemists.
A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom
59. The buses, ________ were already full were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. most of that B. which most C most of which D . that most
60. Mr. Wu, ________ everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry.
A. whom B. that C. which D.／
61. This is Mr. Smith, ________ I think has something interesting to tell us.
A. who B. whom C. that D.／
62. A harvester is a machine ________ we harvest crops or a person ________ is harvesting.
A. which, who B. that, that C. with which, who D.／，／
63. They wanted to see their father during these days ________ he stayed in hospital.
A. when B. which C. that D. on that
64. It was a meeting ________ importance I did not realize at the time.
A. which B. of which C. its D . whose
65. She is very good at dance, ________ everybody knows.
A. that B. which C. who D. as
66. Those ________ to see the new film write down your names, please.
A. want B. who C. that wants D. who want
67. He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything ________ he saw on the way to Beijing.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
68. Let’s discuss only such questions ________ concern everybody of us.
A. as B. why C. which D. that
69. Is there a shop around ________ we get fruit?
A. on which B. from which C. where D. which
70. The train ________ she was traveling was late.
A. by which B. on that C. on which D . that
71. The first thing ________ has to be done is to think of a way to deal with it.
A. which B. who C. that D.／
72. I have bought two pens, ________ writes well.
A. neither of them B. neither of which C. none of which D. both of which
73. Do you know the reason ________ he was late?
A. for which B. for what C. which D. of which
二. 高考试题选录.
1. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ________ family was poor. (NMET98)
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
2. All ________ is needed is a supply of oil. (NMET89)
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
3. He paid the boy＄10 for washing ten windows, most of ________ hadn’t been cleaned.
(NMET90) A. these B. those C. that D. which
4. The girl heard a terrible noise, ________ brought her heart into her mouth. (NMET91）
A. it B. which C. this D. that
5. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________ she could turn for help. (NMET92）
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
6. The weather turned to be very good, ________ was more than we could expect. (NMET94)
A. what B. which C. that D. it
7. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ________ he grew up as a child. (NMET96)
A. which B. where C. that D. when
8. Carol said the work would be done by October, ________ personally I doubt very much.
(NMET99) A. it B. that C. when D. which
Key to Practice
一. 基本概念
1. 先行词: the day 定语从句: when I went to college. 引导词when
2. 先行词: the boy 定语从句: who is playing on the grass. 引导词who
3. 先行词: the letter 定语从句: which I received yesterday. 引导词which
4. 先行词: the first thing 定语从句: that we should do 引导词 that
5. 先行词: the park 定语从句: that was built last year 引导词 which
二. 引导词的三大功能
1. who is playing on the grass = the boy is playing on the grass.
2. why (=for which) he didn’t help me = he didn’t help me for the reason.
3. in which you learn English = you learn English in the way
4. where I studied 10 years ago = I studied in the school10 years ago.
5. who is an engineer = my brother is an engineer
三．先行词和引导词的关系
1. whose = the boy’s 2. where = in the house 3. who = the girl 4. which = the pen
六. 限制性定语从句的英译汉
教我们英语的老师去年被选为学校的校长。
她说的一切好像很有道理。
I still remember the library from whichＩborrowed books when I was a child.
The reason why Tom failed in the exam was his carelessness.
This is the way in which I study English. Monday is the day when I was most busy.
The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired.
This is the school which／that we visited last year.
七. 选用关系代词还是关系副词？
1. which / that 2. where 3. why 4. which / that
八“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用
1. without 2. from 3. with
九. 其它考点
改错: 两种改法 1. 去掉that 2. 改what为that
I don’t like the way (in which / that) you talk with your mother.
定语从句专项练习
一. 用引导词填空.
1.which/that 2. that 3. that 4. that 5. that 6. As 7. which 8. as 9. as 10. of whom 11.as 12. where／in which 13. that 14. why 15. that 16. which 17. (which/that)
18. the one (which/that) 19. where/in which 20. where/in which
21.which 22. (which/in which) 23. when 24. that 25. why
26. (which/that) 27. whose 28. where/in which 29. whom 30. whom
31. that 32. as 33. as 34. which 35. with which 36. who 37. which 38. whom
二. 选择填空，
1-30: BBCBD CBBBC CBCAB BBDAA BCDBC DABBDA
31-60: BDACA DCACA DCCAB BDADA BACBC ABBCA
61-73: ACADD DBABC CBA
二. 高考试题选录1-8：DBDBD BBD