2007 senior2 language points by Chunhui Middle School Ivan Fang

新高二Unit1
New words:
1. genius n.1)天才 [u] 可加a
be a genius at sth. 做某事是天才
have a genius for (doing) sth.又(做)某事的天才
He had a wonderful genius for painting./mathematics.
2) 有天才的人 [c]
Shakespeare is a genius.
He is considered to be a genius at maths.
2. undertake (undertook, undertaken)
1)着手做；从事；承担(责任)作某事start on work ;
take up a position
undertake n. /pron.
to do
We could undertake the job for the time being.
He undertook the leadership of the team.
We cannot undertake to do that.
2)同意，答应（做谋事）
undertake to do
agree /promise to do
He undertook to finish the job by Friday.
He undertook to improve the working arrangements.
3)保证（跟从句）ensure
We cannot undertake that we shall finish it in time.
I can undertake that you will enjoy it.
3. obvious adj. 明显，显而易见easy to understand; clear
It is obvious that…
It was obvious that he was not going home.
It is obvious that he is lying.
obviously adv. 显而易见地can be easily seen
Obviously you didn’t read it.
4. curious adj. 好奇的，好求知的，爱打听隐私的
be curious about
to do
The boy was curious about everything he saw.
He was curious to know what was happening in the office.
curiously adv.好奇地，说也奇怪
Philip looked curiously at the people.
Obviously enough he had never seen the little girl.
5. debate n.辩论；争论 [c]
a long debate
vi. 1) debate about sth.
argue with sb.
quarrel
I debated (about) the question with Mary.
考虑，讨论（如何好）
debate whether to do
whether
I debate whether to accept the job.
We were debating where we should go.
I’m just debating whether to go or stay.
2)argue sb. into (out of ) doing说服某人做（不做）某事
He argued her into( out of ) going.
6. promising adj. 有希望的,有前途的
a promising leader
v.1)答应;许下诺言
promise sb. sth 接双宾语
to do
that
He promised his daughter a present for her birthday.
You must promised me to take a thorough rest.
I had promised Mary to attend the show.
You must promise me that you won’t do that again.
比较: He promised me to go.
He permitted me to go.
2)有希望…,可能会(有)
It promises to be fine tomorrow.
This promises to be an interesting evening.
The clouds promise rain.
The sky promised a storm.
come true
continue fine
turn out to be
stay/keep/remain
7. research n. v.探索,调查,研究
do research in/into 对 进行研究
make on 在…方面进行研究
carry out
he has done a good deal of research on that subject.
research into/on
He is researching into the reading problems of young school children .
to research into (on ) the effects of cigarette smoking.
8. disable vt.使丧失能力
disabled adj. 有残疾的
　the disabled 有残疾的人
　disability n. 残废people with disability
He was disabled in the accident.
An accident disabled him from playing football.
The disabled are to receive more money.
9. seek (sought, sought) vt.i.寻找，探求，追求（多用书面语）
　seek opportunities/employment/advice
seek to do设法，企图，试图
I have never sought to hide my views.
We sought to change his mind.
search for/ look for/ hunt for
10. observe v.
1)注意到,观察
observe n./ pron.
sb./sth. doing
sb. / sth. do/ to be
that　
They are observing stars.
They were observed entering the bank.　
They didn’t observe Peter come in and go upstairs.
The only thing that I have observed to be without limit is the businessman’s desire for profits.
We observed that it had turned cloudy.
2）遵守
The doctors observe this rule.
3)庆祝，过（某种节日）=celebrate
Do they observe/celebrate Christmas in that country
11. match v.
1)和…较量,让…和…比赛
He matched his brother against (with) the champion.
2)相配=go with
She matched the carpet with some very nice curtains.
These shoes do not match; one is large and the other is small.
相等，发现，（找到）相等物
链接：go with/suit/fit/agree with
12. patient adj. 耐心的
patiently adv. 耐心地
patience n. 耐心，忍耐力 [u]
1) be patient with sb. 对某人耐心
You are very patient with me.
Just be patient a while.
2)The girl waited patiently for his decision.
3) He had no patience with her.
He showed the greatest patience.
13. experiment n. v.
1)试验，实验[c]
carry out experiment in chemistry
perform
do
2)试验(总称)[u]尝试
Some people learn by experiment and others by experience.
Making a difference有所作为
WARMING UP
1. Albert Einstein (1879-1955), was born in Ulm Germany, German-born American physicist and won the Nobel Prize. Best known for his theories of relativity. He is perhaps the most well-known scientist of the 20th century.
2. Marie Curie (1867-1934), Polish scientist, was born in Warsaw. She got married in 1895 with the French physicist, Pierre Curie. The Curies together with another scientist obtain the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903. In 1911 she again got the Nobel Prize but for chemistry.
3. Thomas Alva Edison （1847-1931）was born in Ohio, a great American inventor. When he was a child, he was always asking questions and trying out new ideas. No matter how hard it was, he never gave up. He would keep trying out different ideas until he invented what he wanted. When he invented an electric light. He tried over two thousand materials before discovering one that would work. He had 1093 inventions.
4. Alfred North Whitehead (怀特黑得1861-1947)，British mathematician, logician and philosopher best known for his work in mathematical logic and the philosophy science and contributed to twentieth-century logic and metaphysics.
5. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was born in Pisa, Italy, famous astronomer and physicist. He is the first person to use a telescope to study the skies. At that time it had been taken foe granted that the earth was the center of the universe. His discoveries made sure that the earth goes round the sun.
Warming up
1.Nothing in life is to be feared…
a. be to do
1)安排好的将来
We are to hold sports meet next week.
2)必须must
You are to / must be back at six.
All these things are to be answered for.
b. be about to do最近的将来,不同时间状语连用
I’m about to leave.
不说I’m about to leave in ten minutes.
用于下列句型:
be about to do…when…
I was about to leave when the telephone rang.
In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they ___. A. have survived A. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive
c. be going to
d. will
1)客观事实
Tomorrow will be Sunday.
2)没有准备的将来
---I forgot to post your letter.
---I’ll post it myself.
2. similar adj. like or alike, of the same kind类似,相似,差不多
be similar to …同…差不多
We have similar opinions; my opinions are similar to his.
His views are similar to mine.
alike adj. like one another m, the same(仅用作表语) adv.
The two brother are very much alike.
The two office buildings are alike in size and shape.
She treats all her children alike.
链接：be familiar to sb, / sth. 熟悉
be the same as 同…一样
be the same to sb.对…来讲一样
It’s all the same to me. 对我来说无所谓,什么都可以.
be different from与…不同,
be different in 在…方面不同
similarity n.
1) [u]类似性，相似性
How much similarity is there between the two brothers
There is not much similarity between two brothers.
2)相似之处 [c]
There are other similarities.
3.What’s the English word for this object
What’s the word for “travel” in French “travel”这个词法语怎么说？
4.doubt
1) v. be uncertain (about)怀疑，不相信
(同)question
I don’t doubt /question that he is telling the truth.
I doubt /question whether
if it is true.
that
I doubt that he will come.
疑问，否定用that
肯定用if/ whether / that
2) n. There is no doubt that …
There is some doubt whether…
There is no doubt that he is guilty.
There is some doubt whether he is guilty.
3)There is no doubt about/of
4)without doubt毫无疑问
in doubt不一定，不能肯定
The whole matter is still in doubt.
throw/cast doubt on使人对。。。产生怀疑
6. more than
1) more than one作主语时位于用单数
More than one was/ were killed in the accident.
2) one and a half + 复数名词 谓语用单数
One and a half dollars is / are the tip.
One and a half hours is / are enough.
3) more than = over超过（反）less than不到
He is more than/ over / less than fifteen.
4）more than不仅仅, 极其
Bamboo is used for more than building.
He is more than pleased.
5） no more than
a. only仅仅,只有
There are only /no more than five people in the bus.
b. 同…一样都不
He is no richer / taller than his brother.
6） not more than
a. at the most指多,最多
There are not more than ten people in the bus.
b.一方不如一方
He is not richer than his brother. 他没他哥富有.(他也富有)
7.Most of us would probably feel very sad…
would用法：
1)will的过去式,多用于二，三人称
I knew you would agree.
I thought you would be sleeping.
2）提出请求，建议或看法使语气更加委婉
Would you kindly send me his address 劳驾把它的地址给我。（请求）
You’d like some tea, wouldn’t you 你喝点茶吧，好吗？（请求）
Would you please lend me your pencil （请求）
When would be convenient for you to come 你什么时候来方便？（请求）
I’m sure he wouldn’t mind your going.我相信你去他不会在意。(看法)
Wouldn’t be better to leave tomorrow 明天去是不是更好 （建议）
They wouldn’t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。（看法）
3)在虚拟条件句中（主要用在主句中）
If I were you, I would go.
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed.
4)表过去经常性动作
would　　
used to 过去常常，而现在不．（可同be连用）
He would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all.
I used to get up at six.
There used to be a river in the village.
5)表过去的一种倾向（现在用will）
The window wouldn’t open.
The wound wouldn’t heal. 伤口老不愈合．
　6)表猜测(想必是…)
That would be his mother. 这大概是他妈.
I thought you have finished this by now.
8.would probably feel
1) possible只有可能性，不管大小
probable多指有较大的可能性
likely
a. It is possible (for sb.) to do
It is possible that (should) do
It is possible (for us) to study English well.
It is possible that we study English well.
b. It is probable that…
It is probable that it will rain today.
不能说: It is possible for him to come.
It’s possible that it will rain, but with such a blue sky it doesn’t seem probable.有可能下雨，但眼下晴空万里不像是下雨的样子。
c. sb./ sth. be likely to do
It is likely that
He is likely to come.
It is likely that he will come.
It is likely that it will rain.
It is likely to rain.
2) a) perhaps & maybe都当“也许”，“可能”解。但maybe一般用于非正式文体，而且主要用于美国英语。在表示“尽可能快地”时，只能使用短语
as soon as maybe=as soon as possible
不能说as soon as perhaps
b) perhaps一般用于句首,不与形式主语连用,后面不接从句,通常只接sb. 或sth.
Perhaps they will help us after all.
Perhaps the letter will come today.
maybe可放句首, 或后接从句
Maybe we’ll see you tomorrow.
I think maybe they don’t want him, he’s so cross.
c) perhaps表示 “或许”, “可能” 是一种推测,相当于maybe, 固不能与may连用,以避免语义重复
Perhaps they will help us.
3) probably不能用在not后
possibly 和can, could连用，起强调作用
---Could you ___ take care of my dog while I’m away ---Sure. Leave it to me, please. A. perhaps B. possibly C. maybe D. probably (B) (could, can, may, might连用)
9. give up vt.
1) give up sth. 放弃
doing sth. 不再做某事
She gave up her rights .
This maths problem is too difficult. I’ll give it up.
Then he remembered he had given up smoking.
2）give up on sb. 对…不抱希望
I gave up on you; you’ll never know anything about dictionaries.
3)give up sth. to… 交出.让给
We gave him up to the police.
连接: give in vi. 屈服, 让步
give in to
He never gave in to difficulty.
10.There did not seem much point in working on…
There be的一些特殊用法:
1)There be ( live, stand, fly, come, lie) 表存在
Once upon a time, there lived a man known by the name of Joe.
One night there flew over the city a little swallow.
There came a knock at the door.
2)*There seems to be…好像又,似乎有
There seems to be no trouble.
There doesn’t seem to have been any difficulty over the money question.
*There used to be
There used to a cinema here before the war.
*There is sure to be 一定有
There is sure to be a place somewhere.
*There appears to be
There appear to be a war between his heart and his head.
*There have/has to be
Why do there have to be poor people like those
3)There is no doing没法做某事
There is no knowing/telling…没法知道/说…
There was no knowing how long he might be away.
There was no arguing with Mary.
From now on, there was no looking back. 没发向后看
4)There is no need to do没必要
There is no need for you to worry.
5)There be在分词中的用法
There being nothing else to do, we went home.
There being no buses, we had to walked home.
6)There be再不定式中的用法
I expected there to be no argument about this.
It is impossible for there to be any more.
You wouldn’t want there to be another war.
7)There is no( a lot of ) sense/point/good/ use in doing sth.做某事没有道理(好处/用处)
There is no sense in worrying.
What’s the sense of doing that
point:道理,作用,用处
There’s very little point in protesting.
There’s no point in arguing future.
11．that long
that用法：adv.那么，那样，这么
I wasn’t that clever.
同so…that …但省略 that
I was that angry I could have struck him .
He was that weak he could hardly stand.
how/so/too/that +a/an +单数可数名词
12. that much worse
修饰比较级的词有: rather, much, still, even, far, any(用于否定和疑问)，no, a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, three times etc…
修饰最高级的有：序数词，by far,
13. engage
marry
engage
vt. vi.
1)雇用，聘请，租用
They engaged a cook for the summer.
He engaged / rented a room in the hotel.
2)吸引, 引起
The new toy engaged the child’s attention.
engaged adj.
1)(指人)忙的;从事…的; 有事
(be) engaged in n. / doing = be busy in doing/ with n.
Can you come on Monday No, I’m engaged.
be engaged in politics/ trade从事政治/ 忙于做买卖
2)有事占用;(电话)占线,有人占用
My time is fully engaged with my daily work.
Sorry! The line/number is engaged.
Is this seat engaged/ taken
3)订婚
be(get) engaged to sb.
John got engaged to her when traveling last winter.
He returned home to learn that his daughter had just got engaged.
marry vt.
1) marry sb.
2) be /get married ( to sb.)
Is he married
He has been married to Jane for three years
3) marry sb. to sb.
He married his daughter to a doctor.
14.instead of 代替,而不(后接名,代,动名词,介词短语等)
in place of 代替in one’s place
rather than 而不是,与其…宁愿
instead adv.
take the place of
He gave me an English book instead of a Chinese book.
He walked home instead of taking a taxi.
I go to school by bike instead of on foot.
=I don’ t go to school on foot. Instead I go to school by bike.
Use water in place of/ instead of milk.
Will you go in my place / instead of me
He ran rather than walked / instead of running.
Rather than cause trouble, he left.
Plastics have taken the place of wood.
15.继续
1) go on with n.
doing
to do
keep on doing 反复做
2) continue to do
doing
n. He continued hi s walk.
with
He didn’t continue with his explanation.
To be continued.待续
*继续(处于某种状态) link-v.
The weather continued damp and wet.
He continued silent.
3) carry on doing She carried on talking.
n. They would carry on the struggle for freedom.
with 把…进行下去,继续干
Carry on with your work.
carry on with your plan.
16.stop… from doing
prevent…from
keep …from
hold back… from
17.be /become famous for/as
be well known for / as
be famed for
be noted for a town noted for its beauty
a noted performer
18.make a discovery= discover
make a promise = promise
make a decision = decide
make a suggestion = suggest
make preparations for = prepare for
make repairs = repair
make an answer /reply = answer/ reply
19. since I. prep. 自从…以来
1)接名词/动名词/介词短语（同完成时连用）
I haven’t been home since 1972.
She had been out only once since her illness.
Charles has worked hard since leaving school.
Since my coming to London I have not been well.
He had been there since before the war.
3) It is/has been +一段时间+ since + did
It was + 一段时间 + since + had done
It is / has been five years since I came here. 我来这五年了.（终止性动作表动作延续）
= I have been here for five years.
= I came here five years ago.
It is five years since I smoked. 我不吸烟五年了.（延续性动词表该动作结束 ）
I have smoked for five years. 我吸烟五年。
It was five years since we had such a wonderful time.
*since then
* since when
*ever since从那以后（一直）
I’ve always been on my guard since then.
Since when have you been living in this country
John caught cold Saturday and has been in bed ever since.
20. please vt. 使高兴，
pleased adj. 高兴（人作主语）
pleasing adj. 使人高兴(物,人作主语)
pleasant adj. 使人高兴，愉快的，招人喜欢，可爱
pleasure n.
1)It is hard to please all.
Do it to please me.
2) be pleased to do
with
that
Helen was pleased to see him.
I’m very much pleased with what he has done.
I’m glad you’ve decided to come.
3)The flowers in the park were pleasing.
She was very pleasing in her appearance.
4) I hope you’ll have a pleasant holiday.
have a pleasant journey
The weather was pleasant.
I found him a very pleasant little man.
I have thought it would be a pleasant place to live.
5)*my/our/a pleasure是我（们）高兴做的事，甭客气
“Thank you to help me.” “My pleasure( It was a pleasure).
*with pleasure高兴地
I will help you with pleasure.
*(用在客气的答语中)没问题,可以
“Could you put me up to-night ” “ With pleasure.”
Will you take this along to the office for me ” “ With pleasure.”
(NMET2002)
1)---I’m very ___ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
---Mum, it does have a ___ smell. A. pleasant ; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant
2)---It’s been a wonderful evening. Thank you very much.
---___. A. My pleasure B. I’m glad to hear that C. No, thanks D. It’s Ok
1) pleasant
a.使人高兴的，愉快的
have a pleasant journey
b.招人喜欢的，可爱，和蔼可亲
He is a pleasant young man.
I have thought it would be a pleasant place to live .
2)pleasing使人高兴
The flowers in the garden were pleasing.
3)pleased高兴
be pleased to do
be pleased with 喜欢，满意
be pleased that
4)pleasure n.
*at one’s pleasure
You may go or stay at your pleasure.
*have the pleasure of
=give sb. the pleasure of （客套语）有幸能
May I have the pleasure of dancing with you
*my (our/a )pleasure
It’s a pleasure.
是我们高兴做的事，甭客气
*Take (a) pleasure in
*with pleasure 1)愉快地，高兴地
I shall do it with pleasure.
2)(客套语)没问题，可以
Will you pass me the newspaper, please --- With pleasure.
1) 高兴得Her eyes shone with pleasure.
14.keep back留下，隐瞒
21.on the other hand用以引起与上文表达的意见不同的看法,同but & however的意思相同 ,可同on the one hand连用,也可单独使用. “另一方面”
on (the) one hand, on the other hand一方面…另一方面却又
1)On the one hand, I like the colors of the painting, but on the other hand, I don’t like the background of it.一方面,我喜欢这幅画的颜色,另一方面,我不喜欢画的背景.
2)It is not a very nice flat. On the other hand, it’s cheap.这套房子不大好,可是它便宜.
4) Rafting can be exciting, but on the other hand, it can be dangerous sometimes.乘筏漂流令人激动,但另一方面它有时也是危险的.
22.turn out
1）关掉（电灯或煤气）
He turned out the light and followed his wife upstairs.
2) (to be) 结果是,证明是prove to be
It was cloudy this morning, but it turned out fine.
As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.
Though it looked like rain this morning, it has turned out to be a fine day.
The examination turned out to be easy.
It turns out that he was never there.
It turns out that this method doesn’t work well.
3)制造,生产,造就
This factory turns out bicycles.
23.find it difficult to understand him…
形式宾语:
1)find + it + adj./ n. + to do/ doing / that
常见的动词有：find/feel/ think/consider/make/take
a. I felt it my duty to report it to the leader.
At first I found it difficult to go on.
All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work.这样吵杂使我无法继续工作.
b. They felt it a waste of time arguing about it.
Do you consider it any good sending more people over
你觉得再多派一些人去有好处吗
c. They found it strange that no one would take the money.
I think it a pity that she didn’t show up at the meeting.
I remember I made it quite clear to you that I was not coming.
2) sth.+ be easy/difficult/hard/fit/comfortable +to do
The book is easy to understand.
I bought a book yesterday. I found it easy to understand.
= I found the book easy to understand.
比较: I found it easy to understand the book.
3)在like/love/hate/ appreciate + it +when…结构中,没有宾补不像句型1)
(98) I hate ___ when people talk with their mouth full. A. it B. that C. these D. them
(04) I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. are
I love it when you sing.
24.take measures to do sth.
What measures were taken to prevent fires
take actions to do
25.I.ruin vt
1)弄坏,毁掉,毁坏,破坏
The storm ruined crops.
The fire ruined the house.
The bad weather ruined our holiday.
ruin one’s health
an ancient ruined city
She poured water all over my painting and ruined it.
2)使倾家荡产
I’m only ruin you. I can’t give you happiness.
n.1)(be ) in ruins 是一片废墟,落空
The house across the street were in ruins.
The town is in ruins.
2)fall into ruin 已成废墟
The house fell into ruin.
II. damage
1) n. harm, loss损害,损失
The storm caused great damage.
The new law has done a lot of damage to the government’s popularity.这条新法律给政府的声望带来很大损失.
cause / do damage to
2)damage vt.损坏
Mind you don’t damage it.
Many of the books were damaged by fire.
III. destroy vt.摧毁，毁掉，消灭
The enney destroyed the city.
The forest was destroyed by fire.
IV. harm
n.1) 损坏(同damage), 伤害（可指人）
He means no harm.他本无恶意.
do harm to
It wouldn’t do him any harm to work a little harder.他工作再努力一些对他没有害处
vt. hurt, spoil, damage伤害,损害,危害
Smoking will harm you.
be harmful to
26．mean v.
1)意思，意味
What does this word mean
What do you mean by this word 这个词是什么意思？
What is meant by this word
What’s the meaning of this word
2) mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着
I don’t mean to hurt you.
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
3) had meant to do=mean to have done本打算
I had meant to come earlier.
had meant to do
had wanted to do
had thought to do
The cause of the fire was a cigarette-end. had expected to do
had hoped to do
had intended to do
4) mean a lot to sb. 对…很重要
a great deal
much
mean everything to sb. …是某人的一切
My garden means a great deal to me.
My dog means everything to me.
27. cause v.引起,造成,使发生
1)What ( cause d / made ) you change your mind
2) make sb. mad
cause X
drive
send
3)cause sb./sth.
cause sth. to sb.
I’m not causing you any real trouble.
4)cause n.1).起因，原因，缘故，理由，根源[c]
着重是指产生某种结果的原因：the cause of
The cause of the fire was dry. 起火的原因是干燥。
The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving two fast.事故的原因是他开车太快了.
5）reason意思是理由，原因，缘故着重指产生某种行为或想法的理由：
the reason for /why
Give your reason for the plan.把你计划的理由讲一下.
　 The reason for my lateness is that I missed my bus.
The reason for the flood was all that heavy rain.
理由=reason
There is no cause/reason for alarm.
You have no cause for complaint.
28.satisfy1)使感到满意vt.
the answer won’t satisfy her.
be satisfied with …
I’m not at all satisfied with the present situation.
2)满足：satisfy one’s needs/demand/curiosity
adj. satisfying 使人满意a satisfying meal
29．what if= what will happen if要是…怎么办？假使…怎么办
What if he doesn’t come (用一般现在时)
30.be described as
31. believe相信,认为
1) believe (that)
I believe you’ll regret leaving London.
She believe what I said.
2) believe sb. / sth.
You can ask Mr Smith if you believe me.
Mother could hardly believe her eyes.
3) believe sb./ sth. to be/ to have done
I believe him to be innocent.
I believe him to have done it.
I believe it to have been a mistake.
They are believed to have discussed this problem.
4) “Will everything be finished tomorrow ” “Yes, I believe so.(No, I believe not.)
5) What do you believe he is
What do you believe is he X
Do you believe what he is X
Do you know what he is
Do you know what is he X
What do you know he is X
6) believe in信仰,相信
Christians believe in Jesus.
I don’t believe in the theory.
You can’t believe in him.
7) believe in doing主张,认为…是好的
I’ve always believe in being broad-minded.
He believed in the child being taught on the translation method.
32. the other way around
33.only by …
34. have something in common
e up with
PAGE
8新高二Unit7
New words:
1.deadly –adj.
1)极其危险的，致命的 dangerous, likely to cause death
Cancer is a deadly disease.
2)极度的，非常的
A deadly silence filled the auditorium.
3)死气沉沉，very dull
a deadly conversation
adv.
1）very 极度，非常，十分
deadly serious 十分认真
deadly dull 非常枯燥
2)like dead 死一般的
deadly pale
dead/ die/ death/deadly
die of hunger/cold/ starvation/ a disease /
die from a wound /polluted air/
die in an accident/ a battle
die by drowning
be dying for have a real wish for/ to do
be dying to do 恨不得马上，非常想
I’m dying for a cigarette .
The shock was ___ to him. (dead/ died/ deadly/death)
She has for three years. (died/ been dead/ been deadly)
2.quiz quizzed quizzing quizzes
n. a competition or game where questions are put 问答比赛或游戏,小型考试
competition/ race / match
He took part in a television ___ and won several prices. A. match B. race C. quiz D. championship
2） vt. (about) ask questions about sb.对（某人）提问，盘问
quiz sb. about sth
He quizzed me about where I’d been last night.
３false -- adj. 错误的，假的，伪造的
Spies may a number of __ names and papers. A. imitation B. artificial C. false D. man-made.
right or wrong
true or false
4.infect vt.
1)影响（指坏影响 ），感染（指好的）affect
One bad boy may infect a whole class.
Violence is infecting our society.
Her spirit infected/ affected him.
2)传染，感染
The disease infected her eyes, and she became blind.
Infection n. She is suffering from a l lung infection.
5.inject vt. with/into 注射，注入
They are injecting him with a new drug.
We hope to inject new life/ interest into our work.
Injection n.
The nurse gave him an injection for / against fever.
6.via prep. by way of 经由，经过
We flew to Athens via Paris and Rome.
I sent a message to Mary via her sister.
7.persuade sb. to do sth./ into doing sth.
persuade sb. not to do sth./ out of doing sth.
try to persuade sb. to do = advise sb. to do
Try to persuade him to come with us.
They persuaded us into / out of going(= to go/ not to go) to the party.
The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ___ to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
比较：convince 说服，使信服
persuade
The newspaper article has convinced me ( made me believe) that smoking is a dangerous habit.
The doctor persuaded me to give up smoking.
8.contract v.
1)make a legal agreement with sb.与某人签订 （合同或契约）
contract with sb. for sth.
contract with a firm for the supply of fuel.
We have contracted to build a bridge across the river.
2)感染（疾病）
My son contracted a severe fever.
3)负载，染上恶习
contract debts
contract bad habits
n. 合同，契约
enter into/ make a contract (with sb.) (for sth./ to do sth.)
You shouldn’t enter into/ make a contract until you have studied carefully.
We have a contract with the government for the supply of vehicles/to supply vehicles.
9.specialist (a person) with special knowledge or training in a field of work or study
a heart specialist
He is a specialist in Rome coins.
expert : be expert at/ in / on
She is (an) expert on/ in/ at teaching small children.
10.fierce adj.
1)angry, violence and cruel残忍的，凶猛的
a fierce dog
a fierce-looking man
2) very great or strong激烈的,强烈的
the fierce heat of the sun 太阳的炽热
Because there is so much unemployment, the competition for jobs is very fierce.
由于失业人数众多，寻找工作的竞争十分激烈。
fiercely
11.invisible ,visible
in sight / out of sight
12.recover v.
1)get back(something lost or taken away) 重新得到，取回 ，恢复：
The police recovered the stolen jewelry.
She recovered consciousness soon after the accident.
2)to return to the proper state of health, strength, ability, etc.
恢复（健康，体力，能力等）
Has the country recovered yet from the effects of the war 哪个国家已从战争的影响下恢复了吗？
Text:
1..1)infect sb./sth. with 感染 ，传染
2) be/become infected with 被。。。感染
These animals have been infected with the bacteria.
这些动物都已传染了这种病菌。
She infected the whole class with her laughter.
The spreading disease infected eyes, and she became blind.
2.live with sb. 与…在一起=live together
live with sth. = accept, tolerate sth. 忍受
You’ll have to learnt to live with it, I’m afraid.
3.What if… 要是。。。怎么办 ？
What if he comes
What if it rains when we can’t get under shelter 假如下起雨来 ，我们没处躲雨怎么办？
4.break down
1) cause sth to collapse, destroy 使。。。瓦解 ，毁坏(改变某物的化学成分)
Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.
糖和淀粉在胃里被分解。
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.
人体中的化学成分把食物分解成有用的物质。
2)(因机械，电力等故障 )停止运转，失灵 ，失效
The telephone system has broken down.电话失灵了。
Our car broke down on the high way.
3) (身体)跨了（of one’s health） become very bad
Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
4)感情失控 lose control of one’s feelings 感情失去控制
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.
She broke down and sobbed aloud.
5)fail中断，失败
The conversation broke down at this point. 这时候谈话中断了。
Telephone communication with other cities has broken down..
和其他城市的电话联系中断了.
break in –
1)enter a building by force 闯入 ，强行进入
He broke in and stole my money.
2)interrupt 插嘴 ，打断
She broke in with some ideas of her own.
break into
1）enter by force 闯入
to break into a house
2）interrupt
to break into a conversation
3）=burst into –begin suddenly to sing, laugh etc.
to break/burst into a song/laughter
break off –
1）end, interrupt 中止，中断
Those two countries have broken off relations with each other.
那两个国家已中断了关系。
2)折断 He broke off a branch.
break out ---to begin suddenly
War / A fire broke out.
break through –force a way through突破
Have our soldiers broken through the enemy’s defenses
break up—
1）cause to divided into smaller pieces （使）分开, 分解(物理)
The ice will break up when the warm weather comes.
2）to cause to come to an end (使)结束
The police broke up the fight.
The party broke up when the police arrived.
警察到来之后聚会就解散了。
5.defense 保卫 ；防卫
a defense of one’s country
in defense of 保卫，维护
He spoke in defense of justice. 他发言维护正义。
a defense against
Mountains are a defense against the wind.山是防风的屏障。
6.keep –(cause to) stay, remain, or continue (使)保持 ，（使）持续
1)跟形容词：
keep fit/ calm/ cool/ silent/ quiet/ awake/ warm/ open/ fresh/ fine
The weather is keeping fine.
We must keep fit.
I was so sleepy that I could hardly keep awake.
How long do the shop keep open
It is hard to keep warm in such cold weather.
2）跟副词：
We keep in during the cold weather.
Keep away from the fire, children.
3)跟介词：
We’ll keep in touch with you.
4)跟带现在分词的复合结构：
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
We’d better keep the fire burning.
5)跟带过去分词的复合结构：
You must keep us informed of how things are going with you.一定要我们经常了解你们情况。
We must keep the documents locked up.
6)跟形容词的复合结构：
Please keep the door open.
Keep the clothes clean.
7)跟介词短语的复合结构
Her sickness kept her in the hospital for six weeks.
A cold kept him in bed for three days.
8)跟副词的复合结构
I’m sorry to keep you up so late.
They kept us out.
7.1)infect—put disease into the body of (sb.) 传染，使感染 ，染上细菌，影响（用于比喻）
The disease infected her eyes, and she became blind. 这病感染她的双眼，他瞎了。
The flu virus infected almost the entire class.
The meat is infected.
Violence is infecting our society.
2)contract –get an illness 感染；患病
My son contracted a fever. 我的儿子发高烧。
Xiao hua’s mother contracted HIV.
3)transmit –to send or carry from one person, place, or thing to another. 传送，传染
to transmit a disease
Insects can transmit disease.
Rats transmit disease.
Certain mosquitoes transmit malaria.
4)spread 传播
Flies spread disease.
8.as with …正如。。。一样
=as it is the same with…
=as is the case with…
As with drawing a picture, you should be patient and careful in doing this job.正如画画一样，在做这件事时，你应当耐心细致。
As with running, learning English needs will.
学习英语同跑步一样都需要勇气.
9.through birth
birth—n. 出生，分娩
the date of one’s birth
at birth 出生时
The baby weighed seven pounds at birth.
from birth/ though birth
He has been blind from birth.
give birth to 生，生产
She gave a birth to a boy last night.
birth control
French by birth 具有法国血统
出身 [u] He is English by birth although he was born in France.
她虽然生在法国，原籍却是英国。
10.spread— vt. Vi.
1)传播，散布
Flies spread disease.
Who spread these rumors
2)蔓延，传开vi.
The fire soon spread to the other building.
The illness spread quickly in that country.
News of their victory spread throughout the country.
3)伸展，延伸
The bird spread its wings. 鸟儿伸开翅膀。
比较：The bird beat its wings.
The field spreads out before us.田野展开在我们面前。
11.hope –n. 1)希望 [c.u]
While there is life there is hope.
There is a hope of success.
He has some hope(s) of success.
in hopes of= in the hope of
I went there in hopes of meeting some friends.
12.support –vt.
1)支撑，搀扶
The old man stood up, supported by his son.
2)支持，拥护
I support your suggestion.
链接：be in favor of : I’m in favor of your suggestion.
back –v. He always backs his friend in an argument.
be on one’s side – He is always on my side.
side with支持，支援 It’s safer to side with the stronger party.
支持实力较强的一方比较有利.
take sides 袒护，支持
No one takes sides with him.
3) 养活，维持生活support/ keep/ provide for
He had a wife and three children to support./keep/provide for.
keep/ feed / raise
He has five children to feed/ keep/ raise.
13.1)受。。。之苦suffer from
He suffered most from lack of rest.
He suffered a great deal from cold and hunger in the old days.
2)患（某种疾病）
We learned that he was suffering from cancer.
I suffer from high blood.
3)受到，遭受 （vt）to experience(sth) painful
The army suffered heavy losses in the battle．
endure—to bear pain忍受，忍耐
go through经受，忍受
14.fear n.
*for fear of 由于害怕，以防
They were afraid to speak for fear of making errors.
Shut the window for fear of rain.
He left an hour early for fear of missing the train.
He ran away for fear of being hurt.
*for fear that 唯恐，怕的是，以防
She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.
Shut the window for fear that it may rain.
*in fear and trembling 胆战心惊的
He stood there in fear and trembling.
*in fear of 害怕，担心
The thief was in fear of the police.
The thief passed the day in fear of discovery.
fear –v。1）be afraid of
fear +n.
+ for 担心
+(that) 恐怕, 担心=I’m afraid
He has always feared nice.
She feared for the lost child.
I fear we’ll be late.
I fear I must go.
It’s raining, I fear.
简单回答：
Is she very ill I fear so.
Will he get well I fear not.
15.immune—adj. 免疫的；有免疫力的；不受影响的 (同 to, from连用)unable to be harmed because of special powers in oneself
immune to disease不生病
immune to unhappiness不会不快乐
This medicine will make you immune to (from) the disease..
He has had the disease once, so he should be immune to it now.
When once you have had the disease you are immune from it for the rest of your life.
16.1）disrupt –to bring or throw in disorder扰乱
An accident has disrupted railway services into and out of the city.意外事件扰乱了进出那个城市的铁路服务。
2)disturb—to break in(esp. someone is working)妨碍，打扰
I’m sorry to disturb you. 对不起，打扰了。
3)bother—to cause to be nervous, annoy or trouble, esp. in little ways打扰，麻烦
That’s what bothers me most. 这是最困扰我的地方。
I’m sorry to bother you , but can you tell me the time
4)interrupt—to break the flow (of sth. continuous ) 阻断，打断
Traffic was interrupted by a snowstorm.
His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.
17. contrary --adj. 1)completely different; wholly opposed 相反的，格格不入的
contrary suggestions
n. the opposite相反；反面
They say he is guilty, but I believe the contrary.
On the contrary (used for expression strong opposition to what has just been said用来对刚说的话表示强烈反对) not all, no 恰恰相反
--- I hear you like your new job.
---On the contrary, it’s terribly uninteresting.
比较：
1)on the contrary 用来对刚说过的话表示完全不同意
“Does it rain a lot in the desert ”
“On the contrary, it hardly ever rains.”
2)on the other hand 对说做的陈述补充新的相反的事实
It rarely rains a lot in the coastal areas. 沙漠里很少下雨，但反之沿海地区经常下雨。
3)in contrast 用来说明两个根本不同的事实之间的（惊人的）差别：
　　It is hot in the desert in the day, but in contrast it is very cold at night. 沙漠里白天很热，但是相比之下夜里却很冷。
18. for the moment 暂时，目前
I have nothing to do for the moment.
We can leave it open for the moment.
*at the moment = at the present time; now
I’m busy at the moment.
I know his address, but I cannot think of it at the moment.
*the moment (that) =just as soon as; at exactly the time when
I recognized him the moment (that) I saw him.
*at any moment 任何时候；随时
　 He might come back at any moment.
He will be here at any moment.
PAGE
10Unit 12 Fact and fantasy
单元要点
Word study 1.fantasy 2.league 3.distance 4.ballon 5.fiction 6.servant 7.whale 8.hunter 9.collision 10.permanent 11.guest 12.voyage 13.aboard 14.prisoner 15.gentle 16.marble 17.paraphrase 18.matter 19.phenomena 20.attention 21.labour 22.hesitate 23.butcher 24.curtain 25.lip 1.幻想作品；想象的产物 2.联盟；里格（旧时长度单位） 3.距离 4.气球 5.小说；虚构的事 6.仆人；公务员 7.鲸；巨大的人或事 8.猎人；搜索者9.碰撞；冲突 10.永久的；固定不变的 11.客人；客座教授 12.航海；航空 13.在船（飞机、车）上 14.俘虏；犯人 15.温柔的；有礼貌的 16.大理石 17.意译；释义 18.事情；物质 19.现象；奇迹 20.注意力；留心 21.努力；劳动果实 22.犹豫；踌躇 23.屠夫；买肉者 24.窗帘；幕 25.嘴唇；唇状物
Usefulexpressions 1.make a sketch 2.science fiction 3.in the far future 4.come true 5.to make a living 6.lay the foundation 7.sea monster 8.set out to do sth. 9.turn out 10.from that day on 11.begin with… 12.extinct volcano 13.instead of 14.search for 15.dream of 16.throw light upon 17.attract one’s attention 18.slow down 19.in height 20.cut up 1.简单描述；列提纲 2.科幻小说 3.在遥远的未来 4.实现 5.谋生 6.奠定基础 7.海生怪物 8.着手做某事 9.结果是 10.自从那天起 11.以……为开始 12.死火山 13.而不是 14.找寻 15.梦到 16.阐明某事；使某事显得非常清楚 17.引起某人注意 18.使减速慢行 19.在高度上 20.切碎
Sentencepatterns &CommunicativeEnglish 1.Jules spent many years in Paris libraries studying geology,physics and many other subjects.2.Many of the instruments in his novels will remind the reader of Dr.Benjamin Franklin’s experiments with electricity.3.By taking the scientific developments of his day one step further,Jules Verne laid the foundation of modern science fiction.4.He also suggested how inventions could be used in the future to allow man to do things that were considered impossible in his own time.5.In their efforts to survive,they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself,which turns out to be a submarine.6.Dressed in diving suits,they walk around in this magic world,lighted by the lamps of the ship.7.Passing through layers of coal and marble they go deeper and deeper.8.But I found all that was taught at university very disappointing and decided that I wouldpioneer a new way,explore unknown powers,and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of nature. 9.While unfinished,he was ugly,but now he was a living horror. 10.Under water travel and space travel have many things in common.
Grammar Word-formation
Topics &Writing Write a short passage about man’s great dream of creating life.Unit 13 The water planet
单元要点
Word study 1.mariner 2.scary 3.disadvantage 4.entertainment 5.property 6.range 7.available 8.salinity 9.density 10.absorb 11.bottom 12.estuary 1.水手 2.可怕的 3.不利条件 4.娱乐；招待 5.特性；性质；财产；资产 6.(在一定范围内)变动；变化 7.可用的；可得到的 8.海水的高含盐量 9.浓度；密度 10.吸收 11.底面 12.河口湾
Useful expressions 1.benefit from 2.range from…to…3.break down 4.freezing point 5.be measured in… 6.take advantage of 7.on the bottom 8.play a trick on 9.call in 10.face dangers 11.environmental pollution 12.have fun 13.a variety of life 14.contribute to 1.受益于 2.从……到……变化;在……之间变动 3.分解 4.凝固点 5.以……衡量 6.利用 7.在底部 8.耍诡计;搞阴谋 9.召集；来访 10.面对危险 11.环境保护 12.玩得高兴 13.各种各样的生命 14.作贡献；有助于；促成
Sentence patterns &CommunicativeEnglish 1.The water is being used to/for…2.99% of the living space on earth is in the oceans.3.Life in the oceans ranges from the tiniest plankton all the way up to giants like sharks and whales.4.What is it that makes the ocean such a great place to live 5.The nutrients is whatever falls into the ocean will quickly become available to other living creatures.6.Even though the pure water is what gives sea water its main properties,the salinity of sea water affects both its weight and freezing point.7.If it didn’t,the oceans would be frozen solid.
Grammar 复习情态动词的用法,表示能力、可能、要求、必须、肯定、许可、建议
Topics &Writing 1.Write an explanation paragraph.2.Write a paragraph to describe a process using what you’ve learned from this unit and what you know about nature and science.新高二Unit5
The British Isles
New words:
1.consist of, be made up of, include包含,包括,由….组成
1)consist of -- 不用进行式,无被动式no pass.
= be made up of
The book consists of ten parts. 本书共十章.
is consisted of ×
is consisting of ×
The city of New York consists of five boroughs.
纽约有五个行政区.
North America consists of the United States, Canada, and Mexico.(=these are all the parts that make it up)北美包括美国,加拿大和墨西哥.(他们是构成北美的所有部分.
2) include
The United States includes Alaska and Hawaii.(= these are two of the states that make up the United States)美国包括阿拉斯加和夏威夷.(他们是组成美国各州的两个州)
2.form vt. vi.1）形成，组成，构成，养成
form the habit of
form a sentence
A plan began to form in his mind.
School helps to form a child’s character.(比喻)上学可以帮助培养孩子的品德。
2)form …from由…构成,由…组成.
form … into组成,排成,分成,做成
She formed a clay into a bowl.
She formed a bowl from the clay.
3)form up排好队伍
Form up in line.
3.general adj.1)普遍的，公众的，普通的
It’s a matter of general interest.
The cold weather has been general.
2)一般的，大致的
get a general idea获得大意
Give me a general idea of the work.
as a general rule一般说来
general knowledge常识，人所共知的事
in general一般说来，总的说来
Women in general like to shop for new clothes.
3) generally adv.
generally speaking
Generally speaking, women live longer than men.
4.influence n. 1)影响 [u],表某种影响可作[c]
have influence over/ with/ on/ upon
A teacher has great influence over his pupils.
He had great influence with the miners.
2)a person with this power有影响的人
He is a good / bad influence on my daughter.
他对我女儿是一个有好/坏影响的人.
under the influence of在(人,东西).. 的影响下
3) v.影响,感化
Don’t let me influence your decision.
What influenced you to do it
5.basis/ bases(复)基础,根据
What’s the basis of/ for your opinion 你的看法的根据是什么
base n.基础,底部
base sth. on sth.
be based on根据
The text is based on the novel written by Luxun.
be taken from摘自于
The text is taken from the play written by Shakespeare.
be set in以…为背景
The film is set in a small village.
6.judge v.
1)judge by 以…来判断，从…来看
Don’t judge a man by his looks.
judged by…
Judged by the ordinary standards, he was reliable.
2)judge from从…来看, 根据…可以看出
Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed.
Judging from the number of caars, he thought, there were not many people at the club yet.
3)认为,估计vt.
a. 跟不定式的复合宾语(多和to be 连用)
I judge him to be loyal.
I judged them to have finished.
He judged time to be about noon.
b. 跟带形容词或名词的复合宾语:
He judges it safer to go away than to stay.
c. 跟从句
I judged that you had forgotten to come.
7.1)own v.
a.拥有,占有,是…的主人have, possess
Mr. North owns that company.
b.承认vt.
I own I was weak.
I own that I may have made mistakes.
2)adj. 自己的
I saw it with my own eyes.
They had given their lives to save children not their own.
3)n.属于自己的东西(人)
This house is my own.
I only borrow it , it is not my own.
*of one’s own 自己的
I wish I had a little lab of my own.
I want a book of my own.
*on one’s own
a.(作状语)独自,靠自己的力量
He got the job on his own.
You came to London on your own
b.(作表语)靠自己(生活),独自一人
He likes to be on his own.
8.employ
9.namely adv. 那就是,这就是说 that is,
Only one person can do the job, namely you.
Only one boy was absent, namely Harry.
There are three colors in the British flag, namely red, white and blue.
10.approach .
1) 走进,接近,快到
A boy of eighteen is approaching manhood.
As people approach old age their energy may diminish.
As winter approached the weather became colder.
The time is approaching when we must leave.
Text:
1.
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3Unit 17 Disabilities
单元要点
Word study 1.disability 2.ability 3.fair 4.guidance 5.gifted 6.assist 7.sympathy 8.encouragement 9.visual 10.impair 11.disapp-ointing 12.adjust 13.ceremony14.sense 15.victory 16.dignity 17.shameful 18.participate 19.self-confidence 20.public 21.accessible 22.presentation 1.伤残;无能;无力 2.能力;才能 3.商品交易会;商品展览会 4.指引;引导 5.有天赋的 6.援助;帮助 7.同情(心);同感;赞同 8.鼓励;促进;赞助 9.视觉的;视力的 10.损害;削弱;减小 11.令人失望的 12.适应;调整;调节 13.仪式;典礼 14.意识;观念;感官;官能 15.胜利 16.尊严;尊贵;高贵 17.可耻的;丢脸的;不体面的 18.参与; 参加 19.自信 20.公众的;公共的 21.可以使用的;能进入的 22.呈现;描述;提出;呈递
Useful expressions 1.get around 2.adjust to 3.get used to 4.share sth.with sb. 5.deal with 6.win an award for 7.get dressed 8.develop one’s potential 9.make a contribution to 10.gifted disabled students 11.reach one’s goal in life 12.play a valuable role within society 13.more than 14.realize one’s dream 15.live a meaningful and productive life 16.get used to 17.be gifted in 18.apologize (to sb.) for (doing) sth. 19.take part in 20.fail to do sth. 21.prepare for 22.participate in 23.spread across the world pete in pete for 26.at times 1.四处走动;活动 2.适应于…… 3.习惯于…… 4.与某人分享某物 5.处理;应付;对付 6.获得……奖 7.穿衣服 8.发展某人的潜力 9.为……作贡献 10.有天的赋残疾学生11.达到人生目标 12.在社会中起着有价值的作用 13.更多地 14.实现梦想 15.过着有意义的丰富的生活16.习惯于…… 17.在……有天赋 18.因 ……(向某人)道歉 19.参加20.没能做…… 21.为……作准备 22.参加 23.遍及世界 24.参加……竞争 25.为……而竞争 26.有时
Sentence I wish they wouldn’t treat me as if I were a child.
Patterns &ComunicactiveEnglish 1.They need recognition,more than sympathy and help.2.It is also often disappointing to find that other people do not feel comfortable together with someone who is disabled.3.Maybe it is time for the rest of society to accept me as I am and get used to the fact that while I may not be able to walk,there are many other great things I can do.4.Talking about ability and inability:I probably couldn’t…
Patterns &ComunicactiveEnglish I’m sure I would be able to…If I…,I would be able to…I would not be able to…I could…I would need help to… It would be difficult to…I would try to…I would need a/an…
Grammar 直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果间接宾语或者表示动作是对谁做的，或者表示动作是为谁做的及物动词+间接宾语 (sb.)+直接宾语 (sth.)及物动词+直接宾语 (sth.)+to/for+间接宾语 (sb.)
Topics and Writing 1.Talk about disability.2.Practise talking about ability and inability.3.Review Direct and Indirect Objects.4.Write an argumentative essay.新高二Unit6
New words:
1.prediction –n.预言
predict –vt. to see or describe ( a future happening) in advance预言，预测
She predicted that he would marry a doctor.
Can you predict when the work will be finished
predictable –adj.
2.forecast vt. to say with some kind of knowledge(what is going to happen at some future time)预报，预测
比较:predict
The teacher forecast that15 of his pupils would pass the examination.
Heavy rain has been forecast for tomorrow. 天气预报明天有大雨.
3.1)glimpse –n. 无意识地一瞥,看到的粗略印象, 瞥见，强调结果.
catch / get a glimpse of
I only caught a glimpse of the thief, so I can’t really describe him.我只是瞥了小偷一眼,因此我无法把他仔细描述.
I caught a glimpse of Meg at the station this morning.我早上在车站看见梅格了．
I caught a glimpse of the Town Hall clock as we drove quickly past.
2)glance –v.匆匆地看一眼或粗略地扫一眼,强调动作
glance at =take a glance at/ take a quick look at
He glanced at his watch once again and then looked at the front entrance.
n. 一瞥One glance at his face told me he was ill.
at a glance看一眼， 一眼看出
She saw at a glance that he’d been crying.
3)gaze –凝视,盯着看 gaze at
4)stare—凝视，盯着 stare at
5)glare –瞪着 glare at
She ___ shyly at the young fellow from behind her fan.
A. glanced B. glimpsed C. gazed D. copied
I ___ her among the crowd just before she disappeared from sight.（glimpsed） 就在他消失在人群当中之前，我瞥见了他。
I caught (get) a glimpse of his face as he ran past.
We caught a glimpse of a river as the train passed over a bridge.
The angry father glared at his son.
Children should be taught not to stare at handicapped people.
4. trend –n. general direction, tendency趋势，倾向
the trend of rising unemployment失业上升的趋势
the latest trends(=fashions) in women’s clothes女装最新趋势
5. contemporary --adj. 当代的，现代的，同时期的modern , of the present
contemporary history / art/morals现代历史/艺术/道德
contemporary building
new—是形容现已存在但时间很短的事物的一般用语：
a new building/ law/ book
recent—描绘不久前发生或出现的事物 ，主要用于事件：
our recent vacation我们不久前的假期
We elected a new senator in the election. 在最进的选举中我们选了一位新参议员。
modern—适用于比new更长的一段时间，意为“属于现代或不太久的过去”：
an examination in modern history
Modern science has conquered many disease.
contemporary—意为属于现在或在前不久
contemporary art/politics 当代艺术/政治
current—描绘当前的事物，可以是也可以不是new
the government’s current ideas on defense政府当前对国防的看法
6.indicate—vt.
1) to show by sign; make clear暗示，表明
I indicated that his help was not welcome.
2)( 开车转弯时用手,灯光或箭头)表示方向:
He is indicating left.
At the crossing there is an arrow ___ the direction to the Andrew Farm.
A. indicating B. to indicate C. indicated D. indicate
3)point at, draw attention to指示,指出
I asked him where my sister was, and he indicated the store across the street.
7.ensure –vt. make sth. certain to happen保证,担保
ensure that
ensure sb. sth
ensure sth.
ensure doing
If you want to ensure that you catch the plane, take a taxi.
His ability ensures his success.
The medicine will ensure a good night’s sleep.
Come early to ensure getting a good seat.
We ensure to fulfill the task on time. ×
I ensure to help him. ×
8. necessity ---n.
1) need, the condition of being needed需要, 必要(性)[u]
necessity to do/ of / for
Is there any necessity for another election
There is no necessity to hurry.
What’s the necessity of leaving so early
2) necessity --something one needs to have 必需品,必不可少的东西[c]
指客观上必不可少的东西; 生活必需品
Food is a basic necessity of life.
necessary—必需品,指主观上需要客观上并不一定必不可少[c]
a. Food and clothing are ___of life. (necessities)
b. Sleep is a ___. (necessity)
c. We packed those necessities for future use.
d. A motorcar is a ___of life nowadays. (necessary)
f. Things that are luxuries of one generation become the ___ of the next, such as television, telephone, etc... A. necessary B. necessaries C. necessity D. necessities
9. crowd –n. a large number of people gather together人群, 一群人
a crowd waiting for a bus
There were crowds of people at the theatre.
v. (of people) come together in large number拥挤,聚集
People crowded around the scene of the accident.
crowded –adj. complete full; filled with a crowd
be crowded with
be packed with
The bus was crowded with people.
The stadium was packed with people.
10. goods --n. (pl)商品,货物 (作主语,谓语用复数)
All the goods in the store ___ ( is / are ) expensive.
The shopper delivered four goods to me this afternoon. ×
The shopkeeper delivered some goods to me this afternoon.
1)必须用复数的有: sports, sales, goods, clothes
sports man , sports car, salesgirl
2)集体名词
a) 某些表无生命的集体名词，如 machinery, jewelry, poetry等，用单数：
b) 某些表有生命的集体名词：
如cattle, police, 等，用复数
His cattle were feeding.
c) 某些表有生命的集体名词，如audience, class, couple, crew, family, government, majority, public看作集体用单数，看作成员用复数。
The audience have taken their seats.
The audience is requested to remain seated.
3)由两部分构成的物体名称，如 compasses, glasses, jeans, pants, trousers, scales (天平)，scissors 通常看作复数
4) 以ings 结尾的名词，如belongings, surroundings, takings (收入)等，作复数
5)单复数同形的名词, 动词要与该名词在句中的单复数保持一致。
a) 某些动物,物体名称，如dear, sheep, fish, craft, aircraft
b) 以-ese (-ss) 结尾的民族名称， 如 Chinese , Swiss
c) means, works
Every means has been tried.
All the means have been tried.
11. purchase –v. (fml) to buy (正式) 购买;购置(指购买比较贵重的东西,如珠宝,房子,名贵的书等,也可用于购买股票等,不用于买菜,肉等)
He purchased a new house in the country.
The employees are encouraged to purchase shares in the company.该企业号召职工购买其股票.
purchase sth. with sth. 以某物换(买)某物
n. 1)[c](.pl.通常用复数)something that you buy 所购买的物品
I have some purchases to make in town.
She made several purchases in the store.
2) n.[u] the act of buying things购买行为
We began to regret the purchase of such a small house.
12. cash –n. money in coins and notes, rather than checks现金,现款
cash/ check/ cheque/ note/ coin/ credit card
I don’t have any cash on me . Can I pay by check
v. 把…兑换成现金,兑现
Can you cash that check for me
Where can I get this cashed
13. remain vi.保持不变,仍是, 剩下,(人) 逗留
She likes to remain home. ×
She likes to remain at home.
可以说: remain at home / stay home / stay at home
不可以说: remain home
remain doing 具有主动性
sth. remain to be done 某事有待去做
可以说：It remains to be seen. 这尚待以后见分晓.
She remained sitting.
不可以说: It remains being seen.
She was remaining here after we left. ×
是状态动词,不用进行时
应说: She remained here after we left.
- ing 形式作前置定语: 剩下,留下
the remaining money
left—the money left
remainder –n. 剩余物,其余人
The remainder of the books are in the box.
作系词:continue to be仍然是,依旧是
Peter became a judge, but John remained a fisherman/ remained
poor.
It only remains for sb. to do sth. “某人说要做的是…” remain”剩下，留下
It only remains for me to sign the paper that you gave me.
我说要做的事只是在你给我的文件上签字。
It only remains for him to say that he agrees to the plan
他所要做的只是说一声他同意这个计划。
Everything has been done. It only remains for them to come and enjoy the meal.
事情都干完了。他们所要做的只是来美美的吃一顿。
14. cure –vt. n.治愈,治疗cure sb. of a disease
不说: The doctor cured her from her cough.
This medicine cured me my cold.
而说: The doctor cured her of her cough.
This medicine cured me of my cold.
treat vt. 治疗
treat sb. for a disease
treat sb. with …用…治疗
The doctors were treating her for heart trouble.
I’ll treat you with Chinese medicine.
15. distance --n. 远方,远处,距离
1) 问距离
不说: how long / how much
而说: what
What’s the distance between London and Paris( from London to Paris)
2)表示 "在远处”
可以说: in the distance
at a distance / from a distance
不说: at the distance
Can you see a deer in the distance
3)在表示远近时用long , short修饰, 不用near , far
It is a long / short distance from here.
=It’s near / far from here.
4) a long distance / a long-distance call长途电话
distant –adj.
16. cheat –v.
1)欺骗,骗取
cheat sb. (out) of sth.
His father was cheated of his land.
He cheated me my money.×
He cheated me of my money.
2) cheat sb. into sth./doing sth. 骗取某人做谋事
He cheated her into believing that he loved her.
17. require （正式）请求，命令demand ,order
request 要求,请求demand politely（比ask正式,比demand客气）
demand (有权)要求 ，（强烈）要求ask for sth. strongly
ask 要求，请求（普通用语）
beg 乞求
*require vt.
1)（正式）要求，命令
a) require sb. to do sth.
I require you to speak this to no one.
They required me to keep silent.
被动：
You are required to say what is good for him or what isn’t.
All passengers are required to show their tickets.
b) require + n.
This requires great effort on the part of its people.
c) require that should do
He requires that they (should )work all night.
2)需要
The floor requires washing.
3)过去分词作定语:
You should pass the required examination to become a doctor.
4) require of对…的要求
I will do all that is required of me.
I am willing to do whatever my country requires of me.
*request
1)request sb. to do sth.
I requested him to bring his daughter here.
Visitors are requested not to touch the paintings.
Passengers are requested to take their seat immediately.
2)request that should do
She requested that the boxes should be taken to the upstairs.
3)request + n.
The judge requested silence.
4)n. make a request
He made a request for help / that I should help him.
*at one’s request /at the request of根据…的请求
I bought it at your request/at the request of my father.
He was writing at the request of Mr. Brown.
*by request应（观众）请求
She sang a song by request.
The piece was played by request.
*in great request/need有极大需求
These materials are in great need/ request.
*on(upon) request 应请求，被要求时
The band will play on request.
*demand 要求，（强烈）要求
demand sth.
demand to do
demand that ( should ) do
eg. I demand my rights./ an answer.
I demand to know the truth.
They demand that they get more money.
n.需要，需求
the demand for
in great demand
Is there much demands for teachers in this town
Oil is in great demand these days.
*ask
ask for 要求得到
ask to do
ask sb. to do
ask that (should) do
He has asked for an interview with the present.
I ask to speak to Mr. Baker.
She asked him to wake her at six o’clock.
I ask that he leave.
*beg 乞求，恳求，请求
beg sb. to do
beg to do 请允许
beg that
She beg him to remain home.
I beg to point out that your facts are incorrect.
I beg that he leave.
18.programme v. plan, arrange 1)计划，安排，
We’ve programmed you to appear on his show next week.
2) 使按程序工作, 编制程序
The computer is programmed to accept data in any or all of these media.
Please program the computer to give me more information.请给计算机编程序以便为我提供更多的信息．
　n. 1)节目单，节目，表演
What’s your favorite television program
2)计划，方案，纲领
　　Meetings are held to explain the program to the villagers.
3)（计算机）程序
19. reality n. not imagination
turn sth. into reality
in reality 实际上
　 Everyone liked the stranger but in reality he is a criminal.
Text:
1.what happens to sb.
what becomes of sb.
what’s wrong with sb. 某人怎么了
What’s the matter with sb.
What’s the trouble with sb.
2.It would be bad for society if people had doubles.
1) If I were you, I wouldn’t go.
2) If I had time, I would go.
3）If it rained tomorrow, I wouldn’t go.
If it should rain tomorrow, I would go.
If it were to rain tomorrow, I would go.
3) If you had taken the doctor’s advice, you wouldn’t have caught a cold.
3. What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict,
What should a good friend be like
1)What is sb. like 问某人如何，个性特征，既可以是内在品质，也可以是外在特点，回答是可针对其中的一方面，也可两方面都回答。
---What’s she like
--- She is very kind and beautiful.
*也可指天气，或某物如何
What’s the weather like today
What’s his handwriting like
2)What does sb./sth. look like 某人/某物看上去如何 (外表,长相)
---What does she look like ---She looks like her mother.
3)How does sb. like
How do(did) you like… 你觉得…怎么样
=What do you think of…
What / How about…
How do you like the film
4. make forecast about sth. =forecast
the weather forecast
v. forecast that forecast/ forecast, forecasted/ forecasted
The teacher forecast that 15 of his students would pass the examination.
to forecast the weather
to forecast election results
链接：forehead, forefather, foresee
5. indicate vt.
1) to suggest the possibility or probability of: be a sign of有…的可能性，象征
In this map, the towns are indicated by a red dot. 在这张地图上，城镇是用小红点标的。
2) to show or point to sth.　指给…看，指示
With a nod of her head she indicated to me where I should sit.
6. amaze vt. To filll with great surprise; cause wonder in使惊奇, 使吃惊
. sth. amaze sb.
sb. be amazed at sth. 某人对谋事惊讶
be amazed by sth. 某人被某事震惊
be amazed to do sth. 吃惊地做某事
His knowledge amazed me.
The visitors were amazed at the achievements of the city during the past ten years.
amazing adj. amazed adj.
7. environment means all the things around you, esp. as they influence your feelings and development 指周围的一切,尤指环境对人心情及发展的影响
Children need a happy home environment.
Brought up in a happy environment 在幸福环境中长大
surroundings simply the physical things which surround a place or person.指一个地方或一个人周围的具体东西：
a hotel set in pleasant surroundings 位于舒适环境里的饭店
She grew up in comfortable surroundings. 他在舒适的环境中长大。
比较: to grow up in beautiful surrounding 在美丽的自然环境中长大
to grow up in a happy environment 在快乐的生活中长大
8. keep in touch with
in touch with = in communication with 同。。。联系
out of touch with 失去联系
get in touch with 取得联系
lose touch with 失去联系
Let’s keep in touch with each other.
We are in close touch with our office in USA.
We have been out of touch with Lilian.
9. pay more attention to
call one’s attention to
attract one’s attention
draw one’s attention
invite one’s attention
give one’s attention to
fix one’s attention on
focus one’s attention on
center one’s attention on
devote one’s attention to
bring sth. to one’s attention 使某人注意某事
10. With a better understanding of the human body,…
with prep. at the same time or rate as sth. else 随着
Good wine will improve with age.佳酿越陈跃醇.
With the approach of sunset, the shadows lengthened. 随着太阳下落,影子也逐渐伸长.
11. understanding n.
1)理解,了解
According to my understanding of the letter, he owes you money.
2) agreement, nor formal 协议,谅解
reach an understanding ( with sb. about sth.)
come to (与某人对谋事)达成正式协议
arrive at
We have come to an understanding.(= reached an understanding)
12. be sure (that )
be not sure whether
I’m sure smoking hurt you.
I’m not sure where he lives.
I’m not sure whether he will come.
e true of a hope, prediction, etc) really happen, become fact
His dream came true at last.
14.1) on the air 广播着;播送中
send (put) on the air 广播，播送
What’s on the air this evening 今晚有什么广播节目？
2) by air
3) in the air a)在空中 b) 渺茫 The plan is quite in the air.计划还很渺茫。
4）take the air a)兜风，散步 b)飞机起飞
15.prepare sth.
prepare for
prepare sb. for
be prepared for
be prepared to do
make preparations for
16.*in store(for sb./ sth.)
1)(kept ready for future use) 储存着; 备有
have /keep sth. in store
He always keeps several cases of wine in store.他总是备有几箱酒。
A bright future is in store for you.
2)coming in the future; about to happen 必将到来，快要发生
I can see trouble in store.我预见到要有麻烦发生。
There is a surprise in store for you. 你一定要大吃一惊的。
* a store of (sth.)积累而成的巨大数量
a library with a store of rare books
She keeps a store of stories in her head.
*store up
A squirrel stores up food for the future.
17.get back 1)回来，归来 =return
2)取回，收回 He got his money back after struggle.
3)恢复力量
PAGE
10Unit 15 Destinations
单元要点
Wordstudy 1.complaint 2.airline 3.uncomfortable 4.wanderlust 5.itch 6.phenomenon 7.stretch 8.Cariocas 9.downtown 10.historical 11.commercial 12.princess 13.hundredth 14.avenue 15.disappointed 16.altitude 17.surrounding 18.guarantee 19.breath-taking 20.resort 21.downhill 22.inexpensive 23.feast 24.dip 25.gym 26.shore 27.budget 28.rate 29.visa 30.arrangement 31.passport 32.cheque 33.photocopy 34.currency 35.sight 36.seasoned 37.accommodation 1.抱怨 2.航空公司 3.不舒服的 4.漫游癖 5.渴望 6.现象 7.伸展 8.里约热内卢人 9.市中心 10.具有历史意义的 11.商业的 12.公主 13.第一百个 14.大街 15.失望的 16.纬度 17.环绕 18.确保 19.惊险的 20.胜地 21.倾斜的 22.廉价的 23.盛宴 24.游泳 25.体育馆 26.岸 27.预算 28.效率 29.签证 30.安排 31.护照 32.支票 33.复印 34.货币 35.视线 36.有经验的 37.膳宿
Useful expressi-ons 1.every now and then 2.get tired of 3.take part in 4.be upset about 5.be known for 6.all over the world 7.even though 8.a wide variety of 9.help sb. with 10.forget to do sth. 1.不时地 2.对 …… 失去兴趣 3.参加 4.对 …… 感到不安 5.由于 …… 为人所知 6.遍及全世界 7.尽管 8.许多不同的 9.帮助某人做某事 10.忘记要做某事
Sentence patterns&Comm-unicative English 提出抱怨 (Making complaints)I’m sorry to say…I’m so sorry.I hate to have to say this,but…Why didn’t you tell me the truth Could you do something about… Why don’t you do something about it 形式主语句型It is not enough to simply decide where you want to go.It is usually cheaper to do so in your home country.It is tiring to climb to the top of the mountain.It is also important for you to consider when and how you want to travel.
Grammar 非谓语动词 (Non-finite verbs) 1不定式 (to do sth.)The first thing would be to decide where to go.The most important thing would be for you to decide where to go.-ing形式 (现在分词、动名词)Every now and then we get the itch for traveling.(动名词)Kitzbuhel has the most challenging and exciting downhill slopes for skiers in the world.(现在分词)Few visitors leave Rio feeling disappointed.(现在分词)过去分词 (-ed)
Grammar Amazed by the beautiful scenery at Copacabana Beach,he decided to come again next year.Known as Carnival,the festival attracts visitors from all over the world.
Topics&Writing 1.Guide the students to talk about travel and beautiful scenic spots.2.Instruct the students to make complaints and apologies.3.Learn to write a travel brochure.Unit 19 The Merchant of Venice
单元要点
Word study 1.merchant 2.duke 3.masterpiece 4.mercy 5.revenge 6.enemy 7.weakness 8.anymore 9.greatness 10.judgement 11.gentleman 12.envy 13.troublesome 14.merciful 15.gentle 16.bless 17.swear 18.surgeon 19.sentence 20.declare 21.court22.scale 23.justice 24.murder 25.punishment 26.immediately27.order 28.sword 29.conflict plex 31.tragedy 32.ducat 1.商人 2.公爵 3.杰作，最佳作品4.怜悯，仁慈 5.复仇，报复 6.敌人7.软弱，弱点 8.不再 9.伟大 10.判决，判断 11.绅士 12.妒忌，羡慕 13.令人烦恼的，讨厌的 14.仁慈的，宽大的 15.温柔的，柔和的；有教养的 16.祝福，保佑 17.发誓，宣誓 18.外科医生 19.判决 20.宣布，宣称 21.法庭 22.天平盘，称盘 23.公正，正义 24.谋杀 25.惩罚 26.立刻，马上 27.命令，下令 28.剑，刀 29.冲突，战斗 30.错综复杂的， 难解的 31.悲剧 32.古时候在欧洲通用的金币
Usefulexpressions 1.pay back 2.in modern times 3.as far as 4.in this particular case5.after all 6.in the eyes of 7.have mercy on 8.tear up 9.offer up 10.go down on knees 11.be ready to do sth. 12.at sea 13.be in love with sb. 14.on one condition 15.promiseto do sth. 16.so young a body with so wise a head 17.envy you your job 18.a most troublesome case 19.be seated 20.by law 21.according to 22.take sb.in my arms 23.advance towards sb. 24.cry out 25.take away from sb. 26.beg for mercy 27.leave the money to sb. 1.偿还 2.现代 3.远到，至于，直至4.在这种特殊情况下 5.毕竟，终究6.在……看来 7.对……仁慈 8.撕碎 9.提供，贡献 10.下跪 11.准备做某事 12.在海上，迷茫 13.与某人相爱 14.在一个前提下 15.许诺做某事 16.如此年轻却有着如此聪明头脑的人 17.忌妒/羡慕你的工作 18.一个非常棘手的案子 19.就座 20.依照法律 21.根据 22.拥抱某人 23.向某人走进 24.大叫 25.从某人处拿走…… 26.请求宽恕27.把钱留给某人
SentencePatterns &Communicative English 1.It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock.2.Correct me if I’m wrong,but…3.As far as I know,…4.What shouldn’t be forgotten is…5.The way I would go about it…6.You might as well go stand upon the beach and argue with the sea.7.I have everything ready here.8.He must be merciful.He must have mercy on Antonio.
Grammar Review Direct and Indirect Speech
Topics &Writing 1.Talk about Shakespeare and his plays.2.Love versus money.3.Act the play out.4.Talk about the characters in the play.5.Learn to recount details in conversation.6.Write a short play.新高二Unit4
A garden of poems
New words:
1. intention n. 意图，意向，打算，本来的想法（不可数，或用复数形式）
1)have (no) intention of doing sth.打(不)算做某事
I’ve got no intention of changing my mind.
2)It is one’s intention to do sth.
It was my intention to have stopped there.
It wasn’t my intention to make you miss your train. 我不是故意让你误了火车.
3)He is full of intentions but can do nothing to help you. 他满心好意,但什么忙也帮不了你.
v.1)to plan, mean to do打算,想要,计划
intend to do
that
I intended to catch the early train, but I didn’t get up in time.
I intended to report to the police.
2)to mean to be意指,意思是,原意
The flowers were intended for you, but my mother thought they were for her.
It was intended to be cooked slowly.那本来是要慢慢煮的.
2. mad adj. 1)crazy, ill in mind
go mad
--What’s up --She has gone mad.
2)angry( informal ) 生气的,发怒的,气得要命
be(get) mad at / with
I got mad at him for being late.
Mother gets mad with me for coming home late.
3)狂热的,疯狂的
be mad about
He is mad about football.
4)be mad with …得不得了
She was mad with hunger.
She was mad with pain.
5)drive sb. mad使某人非常生气annoy sb. very much
like mad = very hard拼命地
I ran like mad to catch the train.
3. have a dialogue
make / create a dialogue
4. absence n.
1) 缺席,不在[u]in one’s absence, 一次缺席或不在[c]
During his absence from Guangzhou his co-workers did a lot of work.
I shall take your place in your absence.
He acted as chairman in my absence.
2)没有,不存在
Darkness is the absence of light.
In the absence of these conditions, it won’t work well.没有这些条件,它的效果不会好.
absence of mind心不在焉
adj. absent
be absent from
He was absent from the meeting.
Why were your absent from school
5.introduction
instruction
6.apart adv.
1) 相距,相隔
Their houses are two miles apart.
The two brothers were farther apart than ever in their ideas.
2)(分)开,离开
During that time they were never apart.
Let’s keep the two things apart.
3) apart from
a. 除…之外 (=besides)
Apart from them, I had no one to talk to.
Apart from that, he had no private income.
Apart from the cost. it will take a lot of time.
b. 只是…（否则），除掉（=except for）
Apart from that, all goes well.
*tell / know apart区分开
Text:
1. whether …or…
Whether用法
1)引起宾语从句:是不是,是否(可与if替换)
I don’t know whether/ if you like it.
Ask him whether/ if he can come.
2)如从句提前,只能用whether
This is certainly the case but whether it is a fault or not I don’t know.
3)作介词宾语(不用if)
It all depends on whether we can get their co-operation.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
4)引起从句作主语,表语,同位语
Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.
It was uncertain whether he could come.
The first question was whether he had arrived yet.
The question whether we ought to call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.
5)接不定式(不能用if)
I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
He wondered whether to come or not.
6)(引起状语从句) 不管…是否, 不管… 还是
I’ll do it whether you like it or not.
Whether we go or whether we stay, the result is the same.
eg.---Dad, I’ve finished my assignment. --- Good, and ___ you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me. A. whether B. whenever C. whatever D. no matter
2. get through –pass though通过
We managed to get through the forest with their help.
They succeeded in getting the bill through.
I couldn’t get through to you yesterday. The line was busy.
I ‘ve got through the book in one evening.
3. call up
1)telephone sb./ring up
Please call me up tomorrow.
2)(使)回想起
The letter calls up the days when we worked together in the countryside.
The picture called up memories of our class trip.
4. stand out突出,引人注意
David stands out as a computer program designer. David是个出众的计算机编程员.
In this list two names stand out particularly.在这个名单中有两个名字很显眼.
5. when you have read some Chinese poems, you’ll have seen and heard…
will/ shall have done
By the end of this month, we’ll have finished the work.
We’ll start at five o’clock if it has stopped raining by then.
eg.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ___ by 2006.
A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed
6.follow vt.i1）跟着，跟随,沿着
follow sb. into sp. 跟随某人去某处
不能说follow sb. to do sth.
I followed her to go to the office. ×
I followed her into the office.
2) 接着…发生
May follows April. 四月之后是五月.
3)领会，懂understand, grasp one’s meaning
I don’t quite follow you.
4)as follows是as it follows省略. 如下
The person who were late this morning are as follows.
follow one’s advice/ orders/ instructions
follow one’s example=follow the example of
following adj.
the following day
7.1) remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事,使某人想起
The film reminded him of what he had seen in Paris.
变被动只能把sb. 提前
We reminded him of the agreement.
He was reminded of the agreement.
不能说:the agreement was reminded him (of).
2) remind sb. of doing使某人想起做过某事
Henry reminded me of my seeing the film.
3)remind sb to do sth. 提醒某人要做某事
Please remind me to post the letter.
I wish you had reminded me to telephone her.
4) remind sb. that不可直接接that
We reminded him that the meeting had been put off.
Please remind me that I must call him up before noon.
8.lead to
1)导致,产生=result in
Eating too much sugar can lead to/result in health problems.
result in & result from
Careless driving result in the accident.
The accident resulted from careless driving.
9. comparison
1) n. 比较 [c,u]
make a comparison
The traveler made a comparison between Beijing and Xi an.
That’s a good dictionary, but won’t (can’t) stand comparison with this.
2)in comparison with和…比起来
I have done little this year in comparison with what I did last year.
3) vt. vi
compare …with和…相比,
compare … to 把…比作,说…像
How does your new house with your old one
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
He compared the heart to a pump.
4)compared to (with) 和…比起来(相比) (作状语)
Compared to/ with many women, she was indeed very fortunate.
Comparing ×
5) compare notes交换意见
Mother and Mrs Brown likes to compare notes about cooking.
10.more and more
11. no matter wh- “不管,无论” 在句中作让步状语从句,可同wh- ever替换
No matter when/ whenever you leave the room, don’t forget to turn off the gas.
No matter who/ whoever told you about some news, you can’t make any comment on it before you check it up.
名词性从句只能用wh-ever
Wherever you go makes no difference.
She’ll do whatever she can.
eg.1. ___, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.
A. However the story is amusing
B. No matter amusing the story is
C. However amusing the story is
D. No matter how the story is amusing
eg.2.You can eat in my restaurant ___ you like. A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however
PAGE
4Unit 20 Archaeology
单元要点
Word study 1.archeology 2.curiosity 3.decoration 4.unearth 5.spear 6.artefact 7.emperor 8.central 9.warrior 10.pin 11.copper 12.find 13.earring 14.clay 15.arrow 16.bow 17.cushion 18.pottery 19.spare 20.technical 21.root 22.climate 23.ivory 24.jade 25.mask 26.accompany 27.warmly 28.precious 29.triangle 1.考古学 2.好奇(心);古玩;珍品 3.装饰,装潢 4.发掘;揭露 5.矛;梭镖 6.人工制品 7.皇帝 8.中心的;中央的 9.武士;勇士 10.针 11.铜 12.发现(物) 13.耳环 14.泥土 15.箭 16.弓 17.坐垫 18.(总称)陶器 19.备用的;额外的20.技术的 21.根源;根 22.气候 23.象牙 24.玉 25.面具 26.陪伴27.热情地 28.珍贵的 29.三角形
Useful expressions 1.date back to 2.in terms of 3.digup 1.上溯到 2.就……而言 3.挖出,掘起
Sentence patterns &CommunicativeEnglish 1.I wonder what life was like in small towns in our province.2.I’d like to know more about life as it was two hundred years ago.3.I’d love to visit a local museum and study what archaeologists found.4.What I really like to find out is whether people would sometimes want to go on a holiday.
Grammar 复习it的用法
Topics &Writing 1.Talk about roots of Chinese culture.2.Talk about archaeology.3.Make a poster.Unit 11 Scientific achievement
单元要点
Word study 1.engineering 2.solar 3.significant 4.mankind 5.constitution 6.zone 7.private 8.grasp 9.master 10.perfect 11.arrange 12.rely 13.failure 14.locate 15.valley 16.brand 17.luggage 18.achieve 19.organ 20.boom 21.breakthrough 22.agency 23.announce 24.evolution 25.supercomputer 26.likely 1.工程；工程学 2.太阳的；日光的 3.意义重大的 4.人类 5.宪法 6.区域；地带 7.私人的；非公开的 8.抓住；理解 9.硕士；主人 10.完美的；理想的 11.安排；整理；布置 12.依靠；指望 13.失败；失败的人 14.把……设置在；使……坐落于；指出……的位置 15.山谷 16.商标；牌子 17.行李 18.大道；实现；完成 19.器官；机关；风琴 20.繁荣期；迅速发展期 21.重大突破 22.代理（机构） 23.宣布；宣告 24.发展；展开 25.超级计算机 26.可能的；预期的
Useful expressions 1.genetic engineering 2.the theory of gravity 3.nuclear science 4.solar energy 5.great scientific achievements 6.have something in common 7.the first person to travel in time 8.a cure for AIDS 9.a manned space ship 10.start a company 11.spend time doing sth. 12.in store 13.it is likely that 14.more than 15.set up 16.in the late 1990s 17.the Chinese Academy of sciences 18.within the next ten years 19.a growing number of 1.基因工程 2.万有引力理论 3.核科学 4.太阳能 5.伟大的科学成就 6.有共同之处 7.时间旅行第一人 8.艾滋病治疗方法 9.载人飞船 10.开办一家公司 11.花时间做某事12.存储 13.很有可能…… 14.不仅仅，多于 15.建立 16.在20世纪90年代末 17.中科院 18.在接下来的十年里 19.不停增加数量的
Useful expressions 20.make it possible for sb.to do sth. 21.follow one’s dreams 22.top scientists 23.master’s degree 24.a dream come true 25.set foot in… 26.run a small company 27.have a positive effect on… 28.rely on 29.build the future 30.deal with 31.learn from… 32.be excited about… 33.be located in… 34.contribute to… 35.in the near future 36.be filled with 37.enjoy a boom 38.put forward a plan 39.make many breakthroughs 40.sth.be used to do 41.manned space flight 42.allow sb.to do sth. 43.human genetic project 44.for the first time ever 45.the deadly disease 20.使某人做某事成为可能 寻某人的梦想 22.顶级科学家 21.追23.硕士学位 24.一个梦想实现 25.涉足于…… 26.开办一家小公司 27.对于……有积极影响 28.依靠于 29.创造未来 30.处理 31.向……学习 32.对于……很兴奋 33.位于…… 34.作贡献于…… 35.在不久的将来 36.充满 37.经历迅速发展期 38.提出一个计划 39.取得许多突破 40.某物被用来做 41.载人太空飞行 42.允许某人做某事 43.人类基因组计划 44.第一次 45.致命的疾病
Sentencepatterns &CommunicativeEnglish 1.If I got the money,I would …2.My plan is to …3.I hope that …4.I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to …5.I’d like to …6.I’m thinking of …
Grammar Word-formation:1.prefix and suffix2.compounds 构词法:1.前缀，后缀2.合成词
Topics & Writing 1.Talk about science and scientific achievement.2.Practise expressing intensions and wishes.3.Learn about Word-formation.4.Write a persuasion essay.新高二Unit10
New words:
1.frightening adj.
fright---n. the feeling of fear 惊吓；恐怖
with fright =with fear
I was shocked with fright/ fear.
frighten—vt. fill with fear 使吃惊；惊吓
frighten sb.
sb. be frightened by
at
to do
that
You frightened me.
The explosion frightened me.
The child was frightened by the big dog.
She was frightened by the height of the cliff.
He was frightened at the thought of his coming examination.
She was frightened to look down from the top of the tall building.
The little girl was frightened that her mother wouldn’t come back.
作定语：
He has had a ___ (frightened, frightening) experience.
He threw me a quick ___ ( frightened, frightening )glance.
The ___ (frightened; frightening) horse ran away from the fire.
*frighten sb. into/ into doing 吓得某人做某事/不做某事
persuade sb. into doing
argue sb. into (out of ) doing
He frightened the old lady into/ out of signing the paper.
他吓唬老太太，让她在文件上签字/不签字。
*be frightened of= be afraid of
She was frightened of police.
2.hurricane—n.飓风
typhoon –n.台风
volcano –n。火山
earthquake—地震
tsunami—海啸
tornado –n.龙卷风
3.threat—n.1）威胁；威胁的话；
under threat of 在。。。的威胁下
I obeyed, but only under thread of death. 我仅仅是在死亡威胁下 屈服了。
make a threat 威胁
2）possible danger 可能的危险；凶兆（常用单）
The killer is a threat to everyone.
The flood was a thread to our homes.
3)征兆[c]
There is a threat of rain.
The clouds brought a threat of rain.
threaten –v. 威胁；有。。。的危险
threaten to do
sb. with 威胁着要。。。
She threatened to murder me.
I was threatened with punishment if I don’t obey.
The clouds threatened rain.云显得要下雨了。
4. on end –1)of time continuously(指时间)连续地
He sat there for hours on end.
He studied for days on end.
2)up right直立；竖起来
stand on end (使)竖起来
We had to stand the table on end to get it through the door.
When he heard the strange cry, his hair stood on end.
The sight of the dead man made his hair stand on end.
*come to an end
*come to … end
* in the end
*make ends meet
*put an end to
v. end in 以。。。告终；结果。。。
The plan ended in failure.
The match ended in a win for us.
The battle ended in a victory(in everyone going home.
end up 最后（有某种结局）；最后（成了）
If you drive your car like that, you’ll end up in hospital.
If you go on doing that kind of thing you’ll end up in prison.
end up with =close with 以。。。结束
We started with soup, and had fruit to end up with.
We ended the dinner up with fruit and coffee.
5.terrify—vt. 使害怕；使惊恐
Your views terrified me.
be terrified by
She was terrified by his appearance.
Terrified by the sight of lion, Bill climbed a tree.
be terrified of 害怕
The old lady was terrified of crossing such a busy road.
定语：The terrified girl ran home.
That must have been a terrifying experience for you.
6.bury—vt.埋葬put into the grave;掩藏hide away esp. in the ground
After the battle they buried the dead.
He buried his head ( face) in his hands.他用手捂住头（脸）。
7.at hand
1)在手边；在跟前
When he writes he always keeps a dictionary at hand.
I haven’t my book at hand, but I’ll show it to you later.
2)就要到来，不远了on the way; be upon sb.
around the corner (同just连用) 即将来临，在拐角处(Unit17SI)
The examinations are at hand/ on the way/ upon us..
Christmas is at hand./ upon us/ on the way
But changes were just around the corner.
by hand手工（做的）；送来的（不是寄来的）
My shoes were made by hand.
The note was delivered by hand.
from hand to hand 从一个人传到另一个人
give (lend) sb. a hand 帮一下忙
Could you lend me a hand with the parcel
hand in hand
hands up
hands off不要碰；不要干预
on hand 手边（有。。）；手头（有事做）
I have no cash on hand to pay for the gas。
on the one hand…on the other一方面。。。另一方面
On the one hand I admired his gifts, but on the other I distrust his judgment.
on the other hand (可是)另一方面
He is clever, but on the other hand, he makes many mistakes.
8.flee/ fled/ fled –vi. vt.(正式)逃跑；逃走
=escape from
=get away from
The frightened people fled from the fire.
Over the years, thousands of citizens fled to the neighboring countries.
The enemy fled in disorder.敌人溃逃。
He fled the kidnappers and phoned the police.
They all fled ( from ) the burning ship.
9.urge –vt. 敦促；恳求；强烈要求 beg or strongly persuade
urge sb. to do sth.
that do
n.
They urged us to go with them.
My mother urged me not to tell you anything about it.
He urged that they go to Europe.
She urged that he write and accept the post.
They urged prison reform.
n.—强烈的愿望（要求）[c]
an urge to do
She felt an/ the urge to hit him. 她感到一股冲动想揍他。
He a sudden urge to go to Italy.
10.arrival –n.到达；到来[u]
upon arrival 后跟表动态的名词或动名词，表“ 在。。。时；当发生。。。时
Upon arrival, they went in search of a hotel.
She was joyful upon seeing her child take his first steps.她看到孩子开始走路了，很开心。
They gave him a warm welcome on his arrival.
On my arrival home, I was greeted by my parents.
as soon as one arrives
on arriving
链接：refusal/ survival
11.bath –n. an act of washing one’s whole body at one time
take/ have a bath
bathe/ bathed/ bathing vt. vi
He is bathing the baby.
12.immediately
at once
right away
instantly
without delay We must leave without delay.
in no time I’ll come back in no time.
In no time will I come back.
13.board –n.船舷；木板；边缘
on board 上船（火车；公共汽车；飞机等）in or on (a ship or public vehicle)
They got on board the train.他们上了火车。
She enjoys life on board ship.她在船上过得很愉快。
14.knock about接连的打击
knock about/ around 漫游（各地）
knock back狂饮，痛饮
knock sb./sth. down摧毁；拆除；推倒
Our house is being knocked down to make way for a new road.
knock off 1）停止做（某事，尤指工作）2）削价
knock out 使某人睡觉
knock into把。。。敲入；撞到某人身上
He walked in the dark and knocked into a man.
15.all of a sudden
all at once
suddenly
16.live through度过；经受住
He managed to live through two world wars.
live with 忍受；接受
I don’t enjoy the pain but I can live with it.
17.aloud—adv.
1)in a voice that may be heard出声；高声
The teacher asked him to read the poem aloud.
2)in a loud voice大声
The pain caused him to cry aloud.
loud—adv. in a loud way 大声地；喧闹地；响亮地
Try to sing louder.
adj. noisy; not quiet响亮的；高声的；吵闹的
loud music
a loud radio
loudly –adv.
18.swear –swore/ sworn
1) vi (at)use bad language咒骂；说脏话
Stop swearing in front of children.
2)vt. 发誓：cause to take an oath
I can tell you anything about it; I’ve been sworn to secrecy.
3)宣誓：promise formally or by an OATH
swear to do/ that
He swore to obey.
swear / take an oath 宣誓
Text:
1.frighten 使害怕
terrify
scare
alarm—We don’t wish to alarm the child.
make sb.’s hair stand使人惊吓得毛骨悚然
make one’s hair stand on end
panic—The crowd panicked at the sound of the guns.
be afraid of / to do / that害怕
be frightened (to death) / of / to do / by / at / that
be scared (to death) / by / of / to do / that
be terrified by/ of / at
be fearful of / that
2….my mother drew my uncle’s attention to…我母亲让我叔叔注意
draw / attract (one’s) attention (to) (使某人)注意。。。
He drew attention to the rising unemployment rates.
I drew her attention to her dirty fingernails.
call ( one’s) attention (to) 引起某人注意某事
He called my attention to some new evidence.他促使我注意到某些新的证据。
Before I closed I must call your attention to a problem we have to face.
catch/ arrest one’s attention引起某人的注意
The bright light caught/ arrested the boy’s attention.明亮的灯光吸引了孩子的注意力。
pay attention to
He didn’t pay any close attention to the details.
devote attention to 关注；重视
Much attention has been devoted to the matter. 对于这个问题已经给予了足够的重视。
turn one’s attention to把注意力转向
His attention was turned to the pretty young girl.
focus/ center/ concentrate (one’s) attention on 把注意力集中在。。。
All his attention was focused on the stars.
bring sth. to one’s attention 使某人注意到谋事
I feel it my duty to bring to your attention the following facts.我感到要你注意下面这些事实是我的职责。
3.The sight of it awoke the scientist in my uncle to go and see it from closer at hand.。一看到这种情景，叔叔身上的科学精神被唤醒了，他要靠近火山去看个究竟。（拟人，sight唤醒 the scientist in my uncle常见
The study says there must be a complete overhaul of air traffic control system.研究表明必须对航空控制系统作全面，彻底的修正。
Dusk found him crying in the street.
4.way out (克服困难的)办法，出路
He was trying to think of a way out, but it was impossible to find one.它试图想出解决问题的办法，但不可能找到。
In fact, I’m sure that’s the only satisfactory way out. 我肯定那是唯一令人满意的办法。
5. at hand 在手边；在跟前
I haven’t the dictionary at hand, but I will show it to you later.
I want you to be at hand during my interview with the applicants.申请人面试时我希望你在跟前。
6.call for 要求；需要
The workers are calling for strike action.工人们要求罢工行动。
The work calls for endurance and patience.这工作需要耐力和耐心。
7.darker and more, the closer they went
The more… the more
The more you practice, the more perfect you will be. 你越练习就越熟练。
9.the other way 另一个方向；相反
He turned the other way when he saw the police coming.她看见警察后转向另一方向。
the other way around 相反地；从相反方向；用相反方式（Unit1SII）
Galileo’s observations show that Copernicus, another great astronomer, was right and that the earth moves around the sun, not the other way around.
He thought it would be easier to go there than to come back, but it was just the other way.他以为去时用的时间比来时短，其实正相反。
right 径直地；立即地
The ship went right to the bottom. 轮船直沉江底。
He turned on the TV right after he came into the room.
10. a rain of 量词，表burning rocks 的量之多
a shower of rock
11. It was daylight now in other parts of the world, but there the darkness was darker and thicker than any night.
注意：night前没有other.这是因为it 指daytime而不是night.如指night,就不能少other.
12.Helped by two slaves he stood up, and immediately fell down dead.
He returned home, full of fear.
Strong, proud and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia.圣彼得堡的人民坚强，自豪，团结一致，他们是当代的俄罗斯英雄。（当主语比较短时，常放句首）
Confident，selfless and honest, she is my good role model.她自信，无私，诚实，是我的楷模。
Capable and warm-hearted, she is always helping my grandma with the housework. 她能干而且热心，总是帮助我奶奶做家务。
He returned home, tired and hungry. (形容词说主语的状态，副词说谓语)
The old man went to bed slowly.
13. more A than B与其说 B，不如说 A
A rather than B与其说 B，不如说 A
Don’t be too hard on him. He is more misled than stupid. 不要对他太苛刻。与其说他傻倒不如说他是被误导了。
He is more an artist than a philosopher.
=He is an artist rather than a philosopher.
与其说他是位哲学家，不如说他是位艺术家。
It was what he meant rather than what he said.
14.You can pick out the important bits for it is one thing to write a letter, another to write history, one thing to write to a friend, another to write for the public.你可以从中挑选重要的片断。写信跟写历史是两码事，写信是给朋友的，而书是为公众的写的。
It is one thing to do…, another to do…
。。。是一回事，。。。又是另一回事
It is one thing for you to stay here, another for me to ask you to stay here. 你要留下是一回事，我请你留下是另外一回事。
15There is some dirt weather knocking about.坏天气马上就要来了。
knock about 漫游，闲逛，接连打击，（浪等）冲击，碰撞
He’s knocked about in Africa for years.他在非洲漫游了好几年。
As a young man he suffered a lot from poverty, He used to knock about at the market, trying to find a job for a few coins.年轻时他很穷，经常在市场里闲逛，找些零活挣些小钱。
e on 开始
I can feel a cold coming on.
The movie comes on at eight o’clock.
17.incredible 不相信
unbelievable
unreliable
18．The hurricane, with its power to sink ships and to destroy strong walls, and found this little ship in its path. 飓风威力无比，它能沉掉船只，推倒墙，飓风一路风驰电掣来到小船前。
with its power to sink…walls 是定语，修饰hurricane
see, find 等动词的主语有时是物：
This old house has seen better days. 这些老房子曾有过风光的日子。
National Day found people singing and dancing happily in a street
parade.国庆节时人们在街上的游行队伍里高兴地唱啊跳啊。
PAGE
1新高二Unit3
Art and architecture
New words:
1. design vt. 设计，计划
1) vt.设计
He had designed all the scenes.
2)(多用被动)目的是，打算给…用
a) be designed for
to do
This found is designed to help worthy students.
The course of study ids designed to help those wishing to teach abroad.
b)be meant for打算给(谁),打算(作什么用)
What (Who) is this meant for
Is this picture meant for me
The room was originally meant for workers’ reading-room.
c)intend…for
be intended for (原)打算给(某人),准备让…干
I intended ( meant ) that for you.
I intended these flowers for your mother , but as she is away I’d be glad if you would accept them.
This gift is intended for you.
The movie is intended for the adults only.
n. 1) 设计[c,u]
2)图案,图样,式样[c] pattern
I like the design of your furniture.
The cloth has a pattern of red and white squares.
*by design有意地 (反) by accident 无意地
Did you do it by design or by accident
2. furniture n. [u]
The room was small and contained far too much furniture.
The furniture was moved in.
a piece of / an article of furniture 一件家具
3. convenient adj. suited to one ‘s needs 便利的, 适宜的
a convenient house/ time/ store
It is convenient to do sth.
be convenient to sb./ for sb. 不能人作主语
Will the 3:30 train be convenient for you
Come whenever it is convenient to you.
It is convenient to live in the modern house.
convenience n. 方便, 合适 [u]
at one’s convenience在方便的时侯,以方便的方式
Deal with it at your convenience.
We’ll meet at your convenience.
4.construct vt. build, more formal than make
construction n.
under construction
There are two new hotels near here under construction.
5.impress vt.
1) fill sb. with admiration给人深刻的印象,引人注目
be impressed by/ at / with被…所感动
I was very impressed by/ with their new house.
We were deeply impressed by his deeds.
2)铭刻,铭记, 让明白(…的重要性)
impress on sb. sth.=impress sb. with sth.
My father impressed on me the importance of hard work.
He impressed me with the importance of the work.
=He impressed on me the importance of the work.
3) be impressed on one’s mind/ memory被印在脑海里，留下很深印象
What he said that day was deeply impressed on my memory.
6. belong to (1.不能用被动2.只有一般时，不用进行时)
That dictionary belongs to me.
is belong to me.×
is belonged to me.×
is belonging to me.×
belongs to mine.×
is mine.
China is a country belonging to the third world.
belongs to×
which is belonged to×
belonged to×
which belongs to
Text:
1. If …were/ did …, … would …
If I were you, I would go with him.
If she stayed at home now, she would be watching TV.
If …did/ should/ were to…, … would…
If …had done…,…would have done…
2. I’d prefer
prefer用法：
1） prefer+ n.
Would you like to live in a modern flat or do you prefer a traditional house
2) prefer + to do
In which house would you prefer to live
3) prefer + doing
I prefer working on my own.
4) prefer sb./ sth. to sb. / sth.
Even today, most Americans prefer coffee to tea.
5) prefer doing to doing
I prefer staying at home watching TV to going shopping out.
6) would prefer that
I’d prefer that the job were a little closer to my home.
3. I’d rather
1) would/ had rather do
I’d rather go myself.
2) would rather have done宁愿做过
I’d rather not have said that.
3) would rather do ..than ..do
I’d rather stay at home than go out.
Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.
4)would rather did
I’d rather you went there.
4.take examples from模仿
His designs tale examples mainly flowers and plants.
follow ( copy) example of 以…为榜样
set an example to
take … for example
5. have sth./ sb. do
have sb. / sth. doing
have sth. done 1)让别人来做某事2）遭到某种情况
have sth./ sb. to do
won’t have sb. doing容忍
1) I won’t have him cheat me.
2)He had the fire burning all night.
I had a car waiting at the gate.
3) I’ll have my bike repaired.
Why didn’t you have your suit cleaned
King Charlie had his head cut off.
She had her watch stolen.
4) Do you have any clothes to wash
Do you have any clothes to be washed
5) I won’t have you saying like that.
get sb. to do sth.
get sb./sth. doing
get sth. done
get married /changed/drunk
eg. Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ___ went wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C.repaired D. to be repaired
6. 1)find + O + adj.
I found English hard to learn.
2)find +O + n.
I find it a hard book.
3)find + O + doing
We found him waiting to receive us.
4)find + O + done
On his return from his office, he found the house deserted.
He found the door closed.
5)find + O + adv.
We went to her house but we found her out.
6)find + O + prep. phr.
I found myself in prison.
7)find + O + to be
I find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.
We found him ( to be ) dishonest.=that he was dishonest.
8)find + O + that
I called on her this evening ; but I found she had gone to the country on a visit.
7.go against 1)违背，违反
You can’t go against nature.
Her father is so strict that she is scared to go against his wishes.
2) 对…不利
The case may go against you.
The game was going against us.
8.While in traditional architecture materials such as earth, stone, brick and wood are used, the materials of modern architecture are steel, glass and concrete. 传统建筑使用土石和砖木等材料，而现代建筑的材料是钢铁和混凝土等。
while是并列连词，表示对比，这时两部分是并列关系。
Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.
Books were everywhere on the floor while magazines covered the table.
9. include包括，包含（部分，可能还有别的）
contain 1) to hold装2）包含，含有（强调整个）
The plan includes most of your suggestions.
The price includes both house and furniture.
Everyone laughed, me included.
including me.
This bottle contains two glasses of beer.
His paper contains no mistakes at all.
Hamburger is a kind of food containing fat
contains ×
contained ×
to contain ×
which contains
10. 1) despite
He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.
2) in spite of
He came to the meeting in spite of rain.
3) although
Although my car is very old, I don’t want to buy a new car.
4) though
Though it is hard , I enjoy it.
5) as
Young as (though) he is, he knows a lot.
Hard as he studied, he failed.
Try as he might, he failed.
6)when
Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such
a good one already 你已经有了这么好的工作，
干吗还要找新工作呢
7) while尽管,虽然(多放在句首)
While they are my neighbours, I don’t know them well.
While I understand what you say, I don’t agree with you.
11.refer to
12.pull down
13. decorate…with… 用…装饰
be decorated with
She decorated her room with flowers.
All the walls of her room are decorated with pictures of pop stars.
14.remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事，使某人想起
remind sb. to do sth.
remind sb. that
This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.
Remind me to write to Mother.
The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.
The sight of the clock reminded me to leave at once.
pare …with…
compare… to…
compared with/ to…同…相比
When ___, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being Completed D. to be completed
16.set aside
1) save for a special purpose把…放在一边，搁置；留出
She set aside a little money every week.
He set aside the book and turned off the light.
2)pay no attention to无视，不管
Setting aside what I think, what would you like to do 不用管我怎么想，你想干什么？
17. of different sizes
of + n.用来表示人或事物说具有的特征或性质，作表语或后置定语
a. 指人,物（表语）
They were both of middle height.
be of different sizes, weights, shapes
b. （定语）
He is a man of character.
I don’t find anything of interest (anything interesting)
c. be of great value/ interest / use/ importance/benefit/ help
be very valuable/ interesting/ useful/ important /beneficial / helpful
The book is of great value.
The book is very valuable.
18. far from 1）远
　　How far is it from your office to the bank
2) 远远不是，不仅不…(而且)
a. far from doing
She is far from being pleased about it; she is very angry.
Far from admiring his paintings, I dislike them intensely.强烈地
b. far from + adj.
It is far from perfect.
She was sure that she was far from happy.
But I was still far from satisfied.
PAGE
6Unit 14 Freedom fighters
单元要点
Word study 1.freedom 2.form 3.prison 4.revolution 5.judge 6.slavery 7.runaway 8.forbid 9.soul 10.march 11.chorus 12.junior 13.separation 14.race 15.marriage 16.vote 17.political 18.demand 19.achieve 20.arrest 21.boycott 22.lawyer 23.racial 24.discrimination 25.act 6.religion 27.sort 1.自由 2.组成 3.监狱 4.革命 5.评价，法官 6.奴隶制 7.逃跑(的) 8.禁止 9.灵魂 10.游行，行军 11.合唱(队) 12.年少的，三年级的 13.分离，隔离 14.种族，民族15.婚姻 16.选举(权) 17.政治的18.要求 19.完成 20.逮捕 21.联合抵制 22.律师 23.种族的 24.歧视，区别 25.法令 26.宗教 27.整理，分类
Useful expressions 1.put…into prison 2.join hands 3.be active in 4.march on 5.set an example to 6.from then on 7.at first sight 1.把……投进监狱 2.携手 3.积极参与……活动 4.前进 5.为……树立榜样 6.从那时起 7.乍一看
Sentence patterns &CommunicativeEnglish 表达逻辑关系What happened first was that……happened as a result of…You could expect…because…That led to…One of the reasons why…is……is often followed by…
Grammar 复习被动语态
Topics &Writing 掌握论说文写作思路及技巧新高二Unit2 News Media
New words:
1. reliable adj. able to be trusted; dependable可信赖的，可靠的 （反）unreliable
He looks a nice, reliable man.
Is this information reliable
reliance n. 依靠，信赖 have/ place / put reliance on sb.
A child has reliance on his mother.
You can put no reliance on Tom.
Do you place much reliance on your doctor
2. fire vt. 解雇， 开除dismiss from a job(反)take on , hire, employ
Get out! You are fired / dismissed!
vi. shoot off bullets发射（子弹），射击
fire at sb./ sth. fire a gun at sb.
He is firing at us.
He ran into the bank and fired his gun into the air.
Don’t move or I’ll fire.
3. face n. 1)脸，面孔 [c] 2) 表面，面貌
*face to face
She stood face to face with him.
a face-to-face interview
hide one’s face (由于难为情或羞愧)低下头或把脸躲开
*in one’s face当面，迎面
“It’s your own fault!” he shouted in her face.
*in the face of
What could he do in the face of all the difficulties
*look in the face正面看某人（而不羞愧），正视
If he knows ---how can I look him in the face
I want you to look the facts in the face.
*lose (one’s) face
*make a face / faces
*pull / wear a long face
vt.1) 面向,朝着
The kitchen faces north.
2) 面临(形式,问题)
Such was the situation we were facing.
*be faced with面临,面对
We are all faced with the same problem of rising costs.
4. reason n. 意思是理由，原因，缘故着重指产生某种行为或想法的理由：
the reason for /why
Give your reason for the plan.把你计划的理由讲一下.
　 The reason for my lateness is that I missed my bus.
The reason for the flood was all that heavy rain.
理由=reason
There is no cause/reason for alarm.
You have no cause for complaint.
cause n.1).起因，原因，缘故，理由，根源[c]
着重是指产生某种结果的原因：the cause of
The cause of the fire was dry. 起火的原因是干燥。
The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving two fast.事故的原因是他开车太快了.
reason vt.i. 说服,推理,劝说
She can reason very clearly.
I reason that since she had not answered my letter she must be angry with me. 我推断既然她不给我回信,她一定是生我的气了.
reason with sb. (try to persuade by fair argument)以理说服;劝说
You should reason with the child instead of just telling him to obey.
5. injure vt.
1）injure vt.事故中受伤或器官，the injured
机能，外貌受损（外伤）
2）hurt vt.身体的内伤和精神上的伤
vi. 痛
3)harm vt.人们已认识到的客观害处,
公认的害处
4)wound vt.肉体上的外伤 (多指刀枪伤) the wounded
a) When I fell , I _____ my leg.
b) His words _____ her.
c) He was badly _____ in the accident.
d) Doctor says getting up early won’t
_____ you.
e) He got ________ in the war.
6. inform vt. to tell or give the information to (正式)告知,通知,报告
inform sb. that
of
疑问词+ to do
n. / pron.
She informed him that she was to send for it the next day.
He informed them of his arrival.
He will informed us where to go.
If you saw the accident please inform the police.
a well-informed man消息灵通的人
*say, tell, inform, speak, talk用法
*say vt.只能用话语(不能用人)作宾语:
He said, “I’m tired.”
He said a few words then sat down.
*tell vt. 接宾语或双宾语
He told us that he was tired.
*inform vt. 宾语是人
He informed us that he was tired.
只有say可以同原话连用
tell可以用于命令
speak, talk 不及物，有时可及物但绝不是人作宾语．
Do you speak French
informed adj.有知识的，见闻广的，了解情况的
7．relate vt.
1) to tell a story讲述（故事）
relate to sb. sth.
relate +clause
He related (to us) the story of his escape.
The witness related what he had seen.
2) show a relation between把…联系起来，看出或显示出…与…的关系
I can’t relate those two ideas. 我看不出那两个想法之间的关系。
*relate to 1)和… 有关,涉及
This letter relates to the sale of the house.
I don’t know to what this relates
2)和…相处很好, 和...合得来 (通常用否定)
She doesn’t relate very well to her mother.
*be related to
1)和…有联系,和…有关
All things were related to all other things.
2)和…有亲属关系
Are you related to Mr Smith
8. talent
genius – 是一个很重的词,只用于少见的才华或有天才的人:
Einstein had genius./was a genius.
She has a genius for mathematics.
talent-- 也表示特殊才能(她不指人本身not the person who has it),但不如genius重
a young actor with a lot of talent
She has a talent for music.
He is a talented football player.
skill -- talent和genius都是某人天生的能力,而skill指一种可以学到的本领,技能,只可以做好某事的能力
a skilled worker
gift-- a natural ability to do sth.天赋,天才
He has a gift for music.
a gifted painter
9. switch vt.i. change or exchange改变,交换
They switched the positions.
He got tired of teaching and switched to painting.
*switch off = turn off
电器用品的开关用turn on, turn off或switch on / off
门窗或盒子的开关用open或shut
水龙头或煤气的开关用turn on或turn off
10. interview n.会晤,接见
have an interview with sb.
Father had an interview with the teacher about John’s work.
receive an interview受到采访
give an interview to sb. 接受某人的采访
He refused to give an interview to the journalist.
a face-to-face interview
interviewee n.
interviewer n.
11.present /pri’zent/ vt.
1)呈献,赠予(尤指在典礼场合)
e HH HHe presented a silver cup to the winner/ presented the
winner with a silver cup.
2)bring to one’s attention, offer for consideration呈递,提交
The committee is presenting its report next week.
3)introduce (正式) 介绍
May I introduce Mr. Johnson ( to you)
introduce sb. to
make oneself known
present adj.
1) in the place talked of出席的，到场的opp. absent
How many people were present at the meeting
People present will get a gift each.
be absent from
Four students are absent from class.
2)现存的， 现在的
What’s your present address
present n. 现在，当前，目前
We learn from the past, experience the present, and hope for success in the future.
at present= at this time = now现在
for the present暂时
12．truthfully yours
13. effort ---努力，尽力the use of strength
with (without)effort 费（不费）力
He lifted the heavy box without effort.
make an/ every effort to do努力做某事
spare no effort不遗余力
The prisoner made an effort to escape but he failed.
power—1)动力doing work, driving a machine, producing electricity
Mills used to depend on wind power or water power.
2)力量 Knowledge is power.
strength—力气
force—武力
energy—精力
14.ignore 不顾，不理，忽视refuse to notice, take no notice of
比较：ignore : He ignored the s peed limit (=he knew about it, but paid no attention to it) and drove very fast.它无视时速限制，车开得很快。
ignorant :无知的，不知道的
He was driving very fast because he was ignorant of the fact that (= he didn’t know that) there was a speed limit. 他车开得很快，因为他不知道有时速限制。
15．attention n. 注意 （力）[u]
pay (close) attention to注意，重视
draw / catch / call /attract attention to
devote one’s attention to专注于
turn one’s attention to注意力转向
give attention to
concentrate / hold one’s attention upon将注意力集中在
fix one’s attention on留意，专心于02
　 Now they stopped to pay attention to him.
He is very quiet and doesn’t draw much attention to himself.
All his attention was concentrated upon the great blue circle.
16．tolerate vt.忍受，容忍is used of people or behavior , but usually not of suffering （用于忍受人或行为，通常并不指忍受痛苦）
tolerate doing
I find it hard to tolerate your behavior.
bear/stand极大的肉体痛苦
He bore/ stood the pain as long as he could. 他尽力忍受
痛苦. 还可同can连用,表非常讨厌的事情
I can’t bear/ stand strong coffee.
17. 1)affair事，事情[c]多指已发生的大小事情或必须去做的任何事情；
Leave me alone: mind your own affair.
It’s no affair of mine.
事务（多用复数）多指经济，外交方面的重大事情
international affairs
affairs of state　　　／　　family affair
current affairs时事
2)event 事件，事[c]
The important event of the year was the big earthquake.
3)incident事件；事变；插曲
　　　July 7th Incident
accident事故，意外的事
　　by accident偶然
business n.商业，生意上的事　
18. concern vt.
1）关于,关系到，与…有关to be about（无被动）
The story concerns a man who is wrongly imprisoned.这个故事是关于一个被冤枉入狱的人.
Does this concern me
2)过去分词作表语be concerned with … 和…有关,牵涉
I’m not concerned with that matter any longer.
His work is concerned with the preparation of the documents for
3)过去分词作后置定语: 有关的
The man concerned was her husband.
We shall have to consult the other countries concerned.
4)使担心,挂念worry
concern oneself with / about
be concerned about /with /for / over
Please don’t be concerned about me.
We are concerned about/for her safety.
5) so(as) far as … is concerned就…来说， 就…而论
So far as I’m concerned some other arrangement would have been satisfactory.
It is impossible as far as we are concerned.
n. 担心，焦虑 [u]
There is no reason for concern.
Mother’s concern over her sick child kept her awake all night.
19. telegram n. 电报
He sent me a telegram yesterday.
比较: telegraph n. [u]
The news was sent by telegraph.
v.打电报
We telegraphed her the news.
20. locate -v.
1)to learn the position of确定…的地点,找到…的位置
We located the library, schools, and stores as soon as
we moved into the town. 我们一搬到这个城镇里,就
找到了图书馆,学校和商店的地点.
2)使…坐落于, 把…设置在fix/ set in a certain place.
be located位于
Where is it located
The firehouse is located on Main Street.
The house is located next to the river.这房子坐落在河边.
21.look up to =respect=admire
(opp.) look down upon
look into
look on
look forward to
look on …as
look out
look through
22.bore vt.使厌烦make sb. uninterested
The lesson was boring.
The students were bored (by it).
23.fall in love with
be in love with
24.attitude n.
(1) a way of feeling态度,表现
attitude to( towards)
What ‘s you attitude towards this idea
(2) a position of the body (正式)姿态,姿势
25.disappoint –vt.
1)使失望, 使计划受挫unhappy at not seeing hopes come true
I’m sorry to disappoint you, but I can’t come after all.
让你失望了很抱歉,可我实在不能来.
2)disappointed adj. 失望的
*be disappointed about/ at/ in / with sb. /sth.
be disappointed to do
Are you disappointed about/ at losing the race
My parents will be disappointed in/ with me if I fail
the examination.
She was very disappointed to hear it.
3) disappointing adj.令人失望
Her acting was disappointing.; I hoped she would do better.
What disappointing news !
He was disappointing , so his parents were very disappointed with him.
to one’s disappointment
The film made all of us ___. It is really ___.
A. disappointing; disappointed
B. disappointed; disappointing
C. disappointed: to be disappointed
D. fell disappointing; disappointing
Text:
1. generous 1) 慷慨，大方 (opp) mean
It is generous of sb. to do
It is generous of you to lend me your car yesterday.
be generous to sb.
The poor are usually generous to each other.
be generous with sth.
She is not very generous with the food.
2）丰盛的
He gave me a generous meal.
2.rob sb. / sp. of sth
不能说：rob sth.
Mrs Smith was robbed of her 4 3,000 designer watch at her west London home.
steal sth from sb./sp.
不能说：steal sb.
She was caught stealing food from the shop.他在商店偷食品时被发现了.
pick one’s pocket掏腰包
3.Food prices are going up.
go up go down vi.
上涨 rise 下降 bring down (the prices) vt.
get higher reduce vt.
The prices have been brought down.
The price is too high/ low.
The shirt is too expensive / cheap.
4. burn down (a building) be destroyed by fire烧毁 (强调破
坏性)
The building was burned down and only ashes were left.
burn out make hollow by fire烧光，烧掉
The building was burned out and only the walls remained.
burn up destroy completely by fire烧完，烧尽 (强调结果)
All the wood has been burned up.所有的木头都已烧完.
5. experienced pp. used as an adverbial分词作定语
1) When shall we send the corrected papers back to them
2) The unexpected arrival of the letter made us jump with joy. 那封信突然的到来使我们高兴得跳了起来.
3) He made an inspiring speech at the meeting.
4) The inspired audience stood up and gave him a long and warm applause.受到鼓舞的听众站立起来,对他报以长时间的热烈掌声.
6.relate to sb. / sth. 能理解或同情某人(某事物)
Students find it difficult to relate to the life of a scientidt. 学生们发现理解科学家的生活很难.
relate… to有关联的, 相关的
It refers to something in the past which is directly relate
to the present time. 它指的是发生在过去但与现在有直接关系的某件事.
If you relate the results to the cause, you will find things are not that simple. 如果你把结果与援引联系起来看,你会发现事情并不那么简单.
7. for once=just for once=for this once=this once (至少)这一次(平时不这样)
1) For once, they broke the rule.
2) For once ,you are wrong.
3) For once, Brown, the toughest man, was asking for support.只有这一次Brown这个硬汉,开口求人了.
at once/immediately/
all at once/ suddenly/ all of a sudden
8. 1)rather than 而不是，与其…宁愿 instead of
The color seems green rather than blue.
He is a write rather than a poet.
He ran rather than walked.
Rather cause trouble, he left.
2)rather than连接两个并列主语时与前者一致
He rather rather you is to blame.
3) A rather than B = more A than B与其说B,不如说A.
He is an artist rather than a philosopher.
=He is more an artist than a philosopher.与其说他是位哲学家,不如说他是位艺术家.
4)would (had) rather … than宁愿…不愿
He would rather listen to others than talk himself.
Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would
beg in the streets.
9.keep + adj. (present p./past p.) 使保持，继续（处于某种状态）
　Will you take these home and keep them safe 请你把这些带回来，安全保管好吗
Keep the fire burning.
Would you keep me informed of how things are going 你随时通知我事情的进展好吗？
10. make sure that 确保，设法做到
Please make sure that the house is locked when you leave.
Before she called on her friends, she rang to make sure that they were home.
make sure of / about
Make sure of all the facts before you write the report.
写报告前要弄清所有的事实.
There is just one or two details that I would like to make
sure about. 只有一两个细节我想弄明白.
11. bring back 1)带回, 送回
He always brings me back something nice when he goes overseas.
4) 使回忆起来,使恢复
Her heart stopped three times, but they brought her back.
Talking about it brings it all back.一谈起这件事就全想起来了.
12. adapt to改变，使能适应change so as to be suitable for new needs
It is not easy to adapt oneself to new conditions. 要使自己适应新环境是不容易的。
When you go abroad, you are often obliged to adapt yourself to foreign habits and customs. 一个人出国后往往被迫适应外国的风俗习惯。
13….it was the first time that I had written with real passion…
一些时态的固定句型:
1) That /It is the first /second …time that + have done
was had done
This is the first time I’ve come here.
It was the third time(that) he had made the same mistake.
2) It is / has been + 一段时间 + since did
was had done
It is ( has been) two weeks since I came here.
我来这两个星期了．（终止性动词表延续）
　　 It is five years since I smoked.
我不吸烟五年了．（沿续性动词表终止）
　　 I have smoked for five years.吸烟五年
　　 She said it was five years since she had finished her work.完成工作五年了
　　 It is ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.十年没这么快乐了
3) was/ were about to do when + did
was/ were doing
was/were going to do
was / were on the flight
We were about to leave when the telephone rang.
4) Hardly had…done when did
No sooner than
Scarcely when/ before
Hardly had I got home when it rained.
5) It won’t be／take + 一段时间＋before do用不了多久就
It will be/take + 一段时间 ＋before…　用了多久就．．．
It won’t be long before he comes back.
It will be two hours before he comes back.
It wasn’t + 一段时间 + before did 没过多久就．．．
It was + 一段时间　+ before did　过了多久就．．．
It wasn’t ten years before they met again.
6)It is time that should do/ did
It is time that they went to school.
13．be/ get / become addicted to sth.… 对…有(上)瘾unable to stop having, taking
Soon he became addicted to cigarettes.
The children are addicted to television.
addiction 嗜好
14. on all sides = on every side 在各方面,四面八方
On all sides there was great enthusiasm over his speech. 他的演讲及其各界人们极大的热情.
They were trapped with enemies on every side.他们陷入困境四面楚歌.
15. respect 1) vt.
He respect every opinion his friend held.
2) n. 尊敬 [u, 可加a ] 重视
have (no, much) respect for sb. /sth.
I have much respect for him.
He has no respect for his promises.
3)n. (pl) 敬意,问候 =regards
Give my respects/ regards to your wife.
16. Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers outside the factory and left a positive message about protecting the earth.示威者们在场外与工人们交谈，积极呼吁保护地球，表现出了勇气和力量。
brave and strong表句子主语在talk和leave a message时的情形, 即:when the activists talked to workers outside the factory and left a positive message about protecting the earth, they were brave and strong..
eg. The old man went to bed hungry last night. (The old man was hungry when he went bed last night. 这种结构与副词作状语结构不同.前者主要说明主语,后者主要说明谓语.
The old man went to bed slowly. (The action of “ going to bed” is slow)
He went home, tired and hungry.
PAGE
1Unit 16 The United States of America
单元要点
Word study 1.central 2.arrival 3.entry 4.me-ntal 5.physical 6.depression 7.civil 8.greedy 9.trader 10.unemploy-ment 11.unrest 12.post-war 13.sa-crifice 14.reconstruction 15.mayor 16.former 17.recover 18.segregation 19.injustice 20.demonstration 21.fier-ce 22.non-violent 23.funeral 24.shoot 25.vain 26.dawn 27.overcome 28.insist 29.bookstore 30.gather 31.bison 32.plain 33.kilogram 34.clothing 35.chief 36.afterwards 37.widespread 38.rot 39.prairie 40.supply 41.chain 42.willing 43.category 1.中央的 2.到达 3.进入 4.精神上的 5.身体的 6.萧条期 7.国内的 8.贪婪的 9.商人 10.失业 11.骚动 12.战后的 13.牺牲 14.重建 15.市长 16.前者 17.恢复 18.种族隔离 19.非正义 20.示威 21.猛烈的 22.非暴力的 23.葬礼 24.射死 25.徒劳的 26.黎明 27.克服 28.坚持 29.书店 30.聚集 31.北美野牛 32.平原 33.千克 34.衣服(总称) 35.首领 36.随后 37.普遍的 38.腐烂 39.大草原 40.供应 41.链条 42.心甘情愿的 43.种类
Usefulexpressions 1.aim at 2.in vain 3.insist on 4.on sale 5.in turn 6.have an effect on 7.take notes 8.make mistakes 9.deal with 10.a series of 11.in honor of 12.be determined to 13.make agreements with 14.die out 15.live on 1.针对 2.徒劳 3.坚持 4.热卖 5.轮流 6.对……有影响 7.作笔记 8.犯错误 9.处理 10.一系列的 11.以赞颂 12.决心做某事 13.和……签协议 14.灭绝 15.靠……为生
Sentence patterns&Com-municative English 描述地点 (Describing places)How long/wide/high/tall is the… There is…in the north.It’s…metres/feet long/wide/high/tall.It looks like…时序 (sequence)Ever since the Civil War,the South has struggled to …Even today,the South is far behind …In only five years,most of the city had been rebuilt and …In 1996,the city was the host of the Olympic Games.
Grammar 非谓语动词 (Non-finite verbs) 2It is impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作真正的主语)Who said that “rules are made to be broken” (不定式作目的状语)I don’t mind his being invited.(动名词的独立结构作宾语)She enjoys being interviewed.(动名词的被动结构作宾语)
Topics&Writing 1.Guide the students to talk about the USA and the differences between the USA and the PRC.2.Instruct the students to describe places.3.Learn to write a comparison essay.新高二Unit8
New words:
1.1)aid & help 相同点:
a)aid –vt. to give support to; 援助；帮助=help
to aid/help sb with sth.(money)
b)aid—n. help; support; assistance帮助，援助
come / go to one’s help/ aid = come/ go to the help/ aid of
He went to the aid of the hurt man.
with the aid/help of
不同点：
a)必须用aid
first aid 急救
hearing aid 助听器
b)必须用help
help sb.(out)
My father helped me out with money when I needed it.
help sb. (to) do sth.
Could you help me（to）lift the box
*can’t help doing 情不自
*can’t help/ choose but do 不得不
I couldn’t help crying.
I cannot help but admire his courage.
We cannot choose but wait.
*help oneself (to)=take for oneself (to) 取用；窃用；侵吞
L1.“Can I have a drink ” “Help yourself.”
L2.The money was on the table and no one was there, so he helped himself to it.
L3.Help yourself to a drink.
改错：
1）The dictionary will help you improving your English.
2) I can’t help but laughing.
3) I can’t help laugh.
4) Under the help of the neighbors the fire was at last brought under control.
5) Please help you to eat some fish.
2)assist vt.=help 帮助；支援 (比help 正式 more formal than help)
it is suggests that the person being assisted is also doing part of the work.表示受帮助的人也做一部分工作，帮助者主要是起辅助作用。
assist sb in doing sth
assist sb with sth
I can’t push the car on my own—will someone help / assist (fml) help me
If someone is in difficulties, you help (not assist) them.如果有人陷于困境，你去help而不用 assist 他们。
His job consists of helping old people who lives alone.
He helped/ assisted her in building the house.
3)give/ lend sb. a hand 帮助；帮忙
Tom , could you please lend me a hand
4)do one’s bit 尽本分；做自己应做的工作
I’ll do my bit to protect animals.
5)do sth. for 帮忙做
Could you please do the washing up for me I’m too busy.
6)do sb a favor 帮某人一个忙
Could you please do me a favor
2.drown—vi 溺死 vt.使淹死；淹没
die by drowning
be drowned by 被。。。淹没
There are many streets and houses drowned by the floods.
3.bleed/bled/ bleeding—v.
1)vi. to lose blood 流血；出血
Your nose is bleeding.
My heart bleeds for(=I feel very sorry for) those poor unhappy children..
(比喻)对那些不幸的穷孩子我心里感到难过。
2）vt. to make (sb.) to pay too much money 榨取某人的钱财；敲某人的竹杠：
He bled them for every penny they had.
4.choke –vi.
1)struggle to breathe or (cause to) stop breathing 窒息；使停止呼吸
Water went down his throat and he started to choke.水进入喉咙，他开始噎住了。
I choked him to death.我把他扼死了。
2）fill（a pace or passage） completely 阻塞(同 up; with连用)
The roads were choked up with traffic.路上交通阻塞。
The pipe was choked with leaves.管子被树叶堵住了。
5.ink—n.[u] colored liquid for writing
write in ink
write with a pencil / in pencil/ in English
6.electrical—concerned with or using electricity
an electrical engineer 电机工程师
an electrical fault 电力故障
electric – producing or worked by electricity 发电的；电的；电动的
an electric clock/light / an electric fan / electric power 电力
electrify /electrified /electrifying –v.使带电
electricity -n. [u]
7.calm—adj. n.
1)free from excitement; quiet; untroubled 镇定的；无忧无虑
Even after the accident she was calm.
2)(of weather) not windy 平静无风 (of water) not rough;; smooth（水）静的；无风浪的：
After the storm it was calm.风雨过后，天气平静。
The sea was calm. 海上风平浪静。
calm—v. to make calm （使）平静下来；（使）沉着：
She calmed her child by giving it some milk.
calm down –become or make calm变平静
The excited girl quickly calmed down.
It is difficult to calm my brother down.
8.panic--sudden uncontrollable fear or terror恐慌，惊慌
There was a panic when the fire started. 火烧起来的时候曾引起一片惊慌。
panic/ panicked/panicked—vt.vi feel panic 使感到恐慌(at)
The crowd panicked at the sound of the guns.
The thunder panicked the house.
9.1)response n. 回答，答复
answer
reply
make/ give no response/answer/reply (to one’s question)
He made/gave no response to/answer to/reply to my question.
I said good morning to him but he gave/made no answer.
have no answer/reply/response to…
I’ve had no answer/reply/response to my letter. 我还没有收到对我那封信的答复。
in response/reply (to)回答，响应，作为反应
She laughed in response/reply to his jokes.他的笑话引得他大笑。
He neither said nor did anything in reply/response.
in answer to 作为回答，听（接）到。。。后就。。。，响应
In answer to my shouts people ran to help.人们听到我的喊声后跑来帮忙。
2)v. respond to/reply to/ answer sth.
Would you respond to / reply to/answer my question
They still haven’t responded to/reply to/ answer my letter.
I spoke, but he didn’t answer/ reply/ respond.
10.conscious –adj.
1)神志清醒的，有意识的，有知觉的unable to think，feel, awake
He hurt his head in the accident, but he is still conscious.
2)(of/that)knowing; understanding自己知道的；自己察觉的
be conscious of
He was very conscious of his shortcoming.
Peter isn’t conscious of his bad manners.
Are you conscious of what the other students thought of her.
be conscious that
Jane is always been conscious that she annoys people. 琼总是很清楚她使人不快。
He was conscious he must do all this.
3)intentional 故意的
a conscious decision to do something 故意要做某事的决定
11.slight---adj.
1)not great; not considerable 微小的；不足道的
a slight pain/ improvement
2)not strong looking; thin 脆弱的，纤细的
a slight old lady
3)in the slightest
=not at all
=not a bit
=not in the least 一点也不
---Do you mind if I open the door ---Not in the least.
not a little =very
12.sudden –adj. 突然
all of a sudden
suddenly
all at once
立刻 at once/immediately/right away/without delay
13.honor---n.
1)in honor of=to show respect to为向。。。表敬意，为庆祝。。。；为纪念= in memory of
They held a party in honor of the visiting president.
为向来访的总统表示敬意他们举行了欢迎宴会。
They named the city Washington in honor of the first president.
2)one to be respect by the others荣誉；光荣[u]
a man of honor 光荣的人
fight for the honor of one’s country
3)something that brings pride or pleasure被引以为荣的人和事（同a/an连用）
It is an honor/a shame to do sth.
It’s a great honor to have the President visiting our town.总统访问我们的城市是我们十分荣幸的事。
He is an honor/ a shame of his family.
14.explanation --.explaining[c; u]
give an explanation of
He is giving an explanation of how the machine works.
explain sth. to sb.
Can you explain this to us
explain to sb. that/why/ how
He explained to me how the machine worked.
Text:
1.Make sure that the electric wires are safe and that children can’t reach them
make sure –find out whether sth is definitely so,弄清楚，核实或查明谋事物
make sure of sth / doing sth
You’d better make sure of the time and place.
Can you make sure of success
make sure that
I think the gas is turned off, but I’d better go and make sure of it.
Before you leave the lab, make sure that the door is locked.
2.reach—v.
1)reach out (one’s hand) for sth =stretch out one’s hand伸手去够
reach out ( to sb/ sth ) 向。。。伸出手
He reached his hand out for the book I offered him.
He reached for his gun.
We must reach out to those in need. 我们应该伸出援助之手
帮助有困难的人。
2)go as far as(sb/sth/ a place);get to; or arrive at到达（某处）；传到（某人）手中/耳朵里
The rescuers reached him just in time.
The news only reached me yesterday.
3)achieve; attain 达成，（某事物）；达到；获得
reach a speed of 500 mph
reach a conclusion, decision…
You’ll know better when you reach my age.
4)延伸 vi.
The woods reach as far as the river.
n. beyond/out of/within (one’s) reach 手不能及/伸手可及
The self is so high it is well out of/ beyond my reach.
3.catch fire
着火 sth. catch fire （动作）
be on fire (状态)
a fire break out (动作)
放火 sb. set fire to
set sth. on fire
have sth. on fire
熄火 sb. put out a fire （动作）
(a fire) be out （状态）
go out (动作)
生火 make a fire
build
start
点火 light a fire / a candle / match / cigarette
开火 open fire
fire v. 1) fire a gun
fire at the animal
2) 解雇 be fired/ be dismissed
4.upside down颠倒着；倒转着
Please put your paper upside down.
inside out
He wore his soaks inside out.
5.count –v.
1)say the m\numbers one by one数（数目）
He counted the books and found there were 50.
Let’s count the votes.
2)include 包括；算在内
There are six people in my family, counting my parents.
Let’s not count that game.
3)have value, importance 有价值；起作用；重要
Every minute counts.
It is not how much you read but what you read that counts. 重要的不是你读了多少，而是你读的是什么。
4)consider; regard 认为；看作
On the whole she counted herself a fortunate woman.
Shelley counted this experience a part of his education.
6.keep/bear in mind 记住；不忘记
remember牢记；不忘
memorize记住；记在心中
learn/ know by heart
Please bear/keep in mind the instruction I’ve given you.
7.life—n.
1)生活
a)[u](泛指一般生活)
She cared but little social life.
Which do you prefer, town life or country life
way of life
How do you find life in a big city
b)[c](表某种方式的生活)
I know that he lives a very hard life.
They have very busy lives.
2)生命；性命
a)[u](泛指)
How did life begin
Is there any life on the planet Mars
Life depends on air, food and water.
b)[c]
Many people lost their lives.
They gave their lives for the country.
3)一生[c]
give one’s life to
devote one’s life to
He gave his life to the study of language.
Some people spend their lives in idleness.
*all one’s life 一生，一辈子
All my life I have tried to be an honest man.
*between life and death生命垂危；生命处于危险之中
The little sick girl lay all night between life and death until her fever was gone.
*bring to life 使苏醒；使复苏
They brought the swimmer back to life.
*come to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气
Everybody thought he was drowned but he came back to life.
*save one’s life
*lose one’s life
8.recommend vt.
1)推荐；赞扬 （praise）：
recommend sth./sb.
recommend sb. sth.
recommend sb for / as
Which restaurant do you recommend
Perhaps you can recommend me another hotel.
They recommended her for the job./as a good lawyer.他们推荐她做这件工作。/赞扬她是个好律师。
2)suggest; advise 建议
recommend doing
sb to do
that （should ） do
I recommend buying this dictionary.
you to buy this dictionary.
that you should buy the dictionary.
I recommend you to follow your doctor’s advice.
He recommended (my) buying new types.
I recommend that everyone should buy the dictionary.
3)make sb/sth attractive (指性质)使诱人，使有吸引力
*recommend sb/sth to 向。。。推荐，使。。。得到好感
Your plan has little to recommend it.
This hotel has nothing to recommended it (to travelers) except that it’s cheap. 这家旅馆除了便宜以外没有什么长处能吸引人（游客）的。
9.1）first of all—as the first thing 首先；第一
first, firstly
First of all let me thank you for your present.
首先让我感谢你的礼物。
First of all let me say a few words about our plan.
There are two reasons. Firstly I have no evidence whatever that the original document has been destroyed.
理由有二，首先，我没有证据证明那份原始文件是否已被消除。
2) above all—most important of all首先；最重要的
Never waste anything, but above all never waste time.
He does well in all his subjects, but, above all, in mathematics.
I want to buy a modern, beautiful house, above all in a quiet place.
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.
3)to start with/to begin with 首先
We can’t go, to begin with, it’s too cold. Besides, we are busy.
我们不能去。第一，天太冷；另外，我们正忙着。
4）at first—at the beginning 开始（通常是指某事发生刚开始的情况，但后来却发生了变化，甚至相反。
At first we didn’t like him but now we do.
5)after all
6)at all
7)in all
10.scenery, view, scene, sight
1)scenery指景色的总称,尤指郊野的自然景色,乡村的景色,若从美的观点来看就叫scenery.
the beautiful of the Great Lakes美国五大湖的漂亮的景色[u]
The driver stopped now and again so that we could enjoy the scenery.司机一再把车子停下来,让我们饱览沿途的风景.
2)view --is the part of scenery that can be seen from one place.
view是scenery的一部分,也就是从某个地方所能看得到的景色.
There’s a fine view of the mountains from our hotel window.从旅馆的窗子往外看,我们能看到山峦的美景.
3)scene –can mean the same as view, but a scene is more likely to include people and movement, scene在意思上可和view一样但scene (场面)大都包括人和动作在内
a happy scene of children playing in the garden .
The boats in the harbor make a beautiful scene.
港湾里的轮船构成了一幅美丽的景象.
4)sight –景象,景物,风景,名胜
the familiar sight of the mailman going along the street.
邮递员沿着大街走的常见景象.
We’ll take you to see the sights when you’re in New York.
你到纽约后我们带你去看名胜.
11. on the way
a)(状语)在去。。。的路上
on the way home/ back/ from work/ to school
b)(表语)正在走向：
He is well on his way to becoming an officer of the company.
He is on the way to success.
c)(表语)即将运到；即将到来
The new machine you ordered is on its way.
Christmas is on the way; we are in November already.
Better weather is on the way.
同：be upon sb. 逼近，临近
The water is upon us.
The Christmas holiday is upon us.
Almost at once, the winter was upon them.
*all the way 全程，一直
ask the way 问路
by the way 顺便说
by the way of 取道，经由
have a long way to go 还要走很远的路，还要作很大的努力
in a (one)way 在某种程度上，就某个意义来说
in no way 怎样也不；一点也不
in one’s way=in the way of 碍事，妨碍
in that/ this way 这样
in…way 以。。。方式
lose one’s way迷路
make one’s way 到某地，（向某地）走去
way of life 生活方式
12.unless, until
1)You will succeed in the end ___ you up half way. A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless
2) ---Was his father very strict with him when he was at school
---Yes. He had never praised him ___ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when
3) Don’t be afraid of asking for help ___ it is needed. A. unless B. since C. although D. when
13..make things worse
*make matters worse 使情况更糟
I realized that anything I could say would only make matters worse.
*to make matters worse 更糟糕的是
To make matters worse, he had no money and no job.
*worse still更糟糕的是
He may be late. Worse still, he may not come at all..
14.give / do first aid
mon; usual; ordinary; normal
1)common:普通的；常见的。强调经常发生，司空见惯，不显赫或不特别，可修饰人或物。也可指共同的，共存的。
He wasn’t a hero, just a common man.
Train accidents are far too common.
The two have nothing in common.
Smith is a common name in Britain.
Giving small children some money as a gift during the Spring Festival is a common ___ in China, which may seem strange to foreigners. A. sense B. practice C. custom D. habit
2)usual—通常的；惯常的；惯例的。强调依照某人的常例来判断，有“遵守常规”之意。
He made the usual mistakes which all beginners make.
He wore his usual blue uniform.
That morning he came earlier than usual.
3)ordinary—普通的；平常的；平凡的。强调等级和类属方面或者普通。指人时，该词指既不显赫也不低贱；指物时指品质或质地一般水平。有“平庸无奇”之意。
His abilities were hardly above the ordinary.他的能力平常。（并不出色）
He wore an ordinary uniform. (强调不是礼服或并不华丽的衣服)
It was an ordinary lunch of soup and a sandwich.
4)normal:正常的；合乎标准的；强调在正常情况下应有的。。。
This heavy traffic is normal for this time of day.
37℃ is the normal temperature of the human body .
normal school
16.situation; condition; state; position;
1)situation—
a)a position or condition at the moment; state of affairs处境，形势，局面，情况[c]
in a … situation 处于。。。处境
I’m in a difficult situation. 我目前处境困难。
the international situation / the economic situation / the political situation / financial situation
b)位置[c] Describe the situation of your school.
c)a job
She found a situation.
There are the “Situations Wanted” advertisements in the newspaper.
2)condition—n.
a)状况，状态[u]可与a/an 连用
the condition of….的状态
The astronauts soon got use to the condition of weightlessness.
宇航员很快就习惯于失重状态了。
You can’t travel in that condition.
His clothes is in a shabby condition./state.
b)the state of general health 健康状况；适用状况[u]
in condition 身体很好
out of condition 身体不好
in good condition 完好无损
He is out of condition.
The car is in good condition.
Her condition is improving. (= She is getting well.)
c)条件[c] （生活工作，气候等条件）
weather conditions
working conditions
living conditions
under …conditions
I want to go on with my work under proper conditions.
on condition that =if
I’ll come on condition that (=if) John is invited too.
3)state
a)状态，情况，状况[c] =condition
in a … state 处于。。。状况
His business is in a good state.
The state of the clothes indicated too clearly that he had been playing foot ball.
a state of mind 心情
She could not understand John’s state of mind.
b)国家
4）position –
a)状况，状态[c] （通常用单数）=condition, state
in a … condition
By telling her that , you’ve put me in a very difficult position.
b)位置；方位
We can find our position by looking at this map.
PAGE
1新高二Unit9
New words:
1.content—n. the ideas of a book, paper etc. 内容；目录； 要旨
I like the style of this book, but I don’t like the content. （内容）
Before buying a book, I look at the table of the contents. （目录）
adj.1）satisfied; happy 满足的；满意的
a)be content to do be (well) content with
John seems content just to sit in front of the television all night.
约翰似乎整夜坐在电视机前就满足了。
She is not content with the explanation.(不满意)
b)be satisfied with 对。。。感到满意
You’ve done well at school. I’m very satisfied with you.
I’m not at all satisfied with the present situation.
c）be pleased with 满意
I ’m very pleased with what he has done.
We are very pleased with our new house.
d) be happy with 满意的satisfied because one thinks that sth is being done in the right way
He wasn’t happy with her work and he made her do it again.
vt.使满足：1）content
Simple praise is enough to content him.
*content oneself with 使对。。。满足，满足于
He contented himself with that work.
He contented himself with one glass of wine.
We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only.
There is no contenting some people. 有些人是很难满足的。
There is no doing …没法做某事
There is no stopping him. 没法阻止他。
2）meet one’s need/ demands/ expectation satisfy
Does the hotel meet your expectation
The new book meets our needs.
2.access – n.
1)[c]means of entering; way to; entrance 进入；通路
The access / entrance/ passage / way / solution / attitude / key/ visit to
The only access to their house is along a narrow road.
2)[u]means or right of using, reaching, or entering 使用，接近或进入的方法或权利（机会）：
Students need easy access to books.学生需要得到图书的方便途径。
3.rural ---adj.乡村的；农村的like the countryside
people living in the rural areas
countryside country
urban---of a town or city 都市的；城市的 urban life
suburb---n.(通常pl) an outer area of a town or city, usu. Where people live rather than work 郊区I live in the suburbs.
3.responsibility—n.1)责任，义务 [u]
take responsibility for 对。。。承担责任
take on responsibility 承担责任
have a responsibility/ responsibilities for/towards 对。。。有责任
Parents take most of the responsibility for the children.
I take fully responsibility for breaking the window.我对打破窗户负全责。
I take fully responsibility for this action.
Parents have responsibility for their children.
2）职责[c]，责任心
The mother of a family has many responsibilities.做孩子的妈妈要尽多方面的责任。
responsible—adj.
1）be responsible (to sb.) for sth./sb.对某事/某人（向。。。）负责
I am responsible to the director for making sure that the company is profitable.我对董事负责，保证公司赚钱。
She is my child. I’m responsible for her.
Who is responsible to the parents for the education of children
2）be in charge of 负责
I’ll be in charge of the whole factory next week when the director’s away.
be in the charge of 由。。。负责
The factory is in the charge of Mr. Smith.
3)answer for= be/ become responsible for对。。。负责，承担。。。后果；受惩罚
I’ll answer for his safety. You will have to answer for your violent behavior in court.
4.take action take measures / take a step
We have to take action before it is too late.我们必须采取行动，否则就太晚了。
The government has promised to take measures to help the unemployment.
5. willingness ---n 愿意，心甘情愿 willingly –adv.
be willing to be ready to be content to be prepared to do=愿意的
be glad/happy/ pleased to do sth. I shall be well content to do so.
Mary seems content to sit in front of the television all night. 乐意
My grandparents are content to live quietly in the countryside.
I’m not prepared to listen to your weak excuses. 站不住脚的
She’s always ready to help others.
6.harmony—n. 协调，和谐[u]
The harmony of sea and sky makes a beautiful picture.
She had a sense of harmony.
There can be no harmony between two selfish people.
*in harmony 和谐， 和睦
Bob and I work together in harmony for years.
My cat and dog never fight---they live together in perfect harmony.
*in harmony with 和。。。一致
His tastes are in harmony with mine.
7. put an end to结束（不好的事），制止
We must put an end to this foolish behavior.
come to an end结束 The meeting came to an end at last.
come to… end有。。。的结局 If you don’t give up, you’ll come to a bad end.
make (both) ends meet使收支相抵 come to a stop The car came to a stop at last.
8.wipe away 擦掉；清除掉 Wipe away your tears.
wipe (…) off Wipe the dirt off your shoes. She wiped off the dust.
wipe on 在。。。上面擦 He wiped his dirty hands on a rag.
9.per—a/an / for each Our charge for the work will be $6 per hour/ an hour.
10.alternative— adj.两者（或以上）择一的，供选择的
We returned by an alternative road.我们是从另一条路回来的。
They are alternative ways of expression the same idea.
n.抉择；可供选择的方案 They are several alternatives to your plan.
There is no alternative but to fight. I had no alternative but to walk out.
改错：There is no alternative but wait. (to wait)
The only alternative is coffee and tea. (and -- or)
You have the alternative of going and staying. (and – or)
你可在去留之间选择。
You have the alternative of coffee, tea, or milk. (有of 用 or)
你可在咖啡，茶或牛奶中任选其一。
The alternatives are coffee, tea and milk. （没有of用and）
可供选择的是咖啡，茶叶和牛奶。
11.defend –v. 1) vt.
a) defend… against/ from 保护。。。使不受： defend sb. from harm
We defended ourselves against a surprise attack.
She defended her children from the mad dog.
b) protect… from/against 保护；保卫
He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.
She protected the children from every danger. 她保护孩子们免遭任何危害
c) guard …from/ against 防卫；警卫；保护（使不受损害）
The wall guards the place from the thieves.
The dog guarded the house ( against strangers).
Wear a hat to guard your face against the sun.
guard against 防止
2)辩护；答辩 vt.为。。。辩护
I have no intention defending myself to you.
That lawyer is defending Mr. Smith.
12.1)affect vt. 2)have an effect on
effect—v. produce 产生
She effected several changes in the company.她使公司发生了几个变化。
3)influence sb./sth.
sb. to do sth.
have an influence over sb.
1)Smoking affects health.
2)Smoking has a bad effect on him.
3)Don’t let me influence your decision.
What influenced you to do it
He has a strange influence over the girl.
13.advise
suggest recommend give advice
I advised her that she should wait.
I advise waiting till the right time.
I recommend you to buy this dictionary.
Let me give you a piece of advice.
Text:
1.Text:1.share ideas交换意见 compare notes
2.1)since then/ since when 同完成时连用
I have not been much in that country since then.
Since when have you been living in this country
2）ever since从那以后（一直）（同完成时连用）
John fell off his house a week ago and has been in bed (ever) since.
2)It is + 一段时间 + since + did
It’s a long time since I met you last.
It’s just a week since we arrived here.
3)表过去某事前一段时间情况，时态有以下几种类型：
a）主句从句谓语都用完成时态：
Two weeks had passed since Mary had seen him.
b)主句谓语用一般过去时，从句谓语用过去完成时：
It was years since I had seen her.
c)主句谓语用完成时,从句用一般过去时：
Since she came to me, we had been very happy.
4)在。。。之后，后来
He was sick last week but has since recovered.
Her husband died ten years age, but she’s since married.。。。后来又结婚了。
3.1)or 即；也就是；用于补充说明上文内容。
The company is paying the rent or at least contributing to it.公司在付房租，或者至少再付一部分房租。
That is (to say),
namely
Only one people can do the job, namely you.
2)or (else) 否则
He had to have a job or go hungry.
Hurry up or else you’ll be late.
3)or rather 更确切的说
He arrived late last night or rather in the early hours this
morning.
4)or so 大约；左右（放在量词后）= more or less
I want a hundred or so.
Mr. Smith will be back in a week or so.
about/ around/ some （放在前）
5)or something (somewhere)大概是…这类东西（在…这类地方）
He’s an engineer or something.
I put it in the cupboard or somewhere.
4. without doing 再没发生。。。的情况下
They left the school in a hurry , without saying goodbye to anyone.
He locked the door without making a sound.
*do without /go without 没有。。。也可以；对付
People cannot do without food.
I don’t have enough money to buy a car, so I’ll just have to do without one.
I’m afraid there’s no coffee, so we’ll just have to go without (it).
If I can’t find it, I shall have to do without it.
5.20% of the people on earth do not have access to clean drinking water.世界上20%的人口喝不上清洁的饮用水。
access to 进入；接近
The dead-only street was the only access to her home.那个死胡同是通往她家的唯一的路。
Access to the mountain-town is often difficult because of the bad roads. 由于路况不好，进入山城往往很难。
6.alone—adv.只有；仅仅
He alone is not responsible for it.
Money alone cannot make you happy.
（all） alone 单独一人（放在动词后）
I had to work all alone.
She likes to go it alone in everything.她凡事都喜欢一个人干.
7.If we are to
be+ to do sth. 安排；命令；职责；义务；目的；用途；可能性；命中注定：
We are to meet at the school gate.
You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
The prize is to honor him for his great discovery, 奖品是为了表彰他的重大发现。
A knife is to cut with.刀是用来切割的。
They were never to meet again. 它们注定以后永远再也见不着面了。
8.do whatever one can= do what one can= do all that one can
9.Without international cooperation, developing countries cannot prosper, nor will sustainable development be possible.
倒装：nor; neither, not, hardly, seldom, never
Never have I met him before.
Seldom have we seen such big melons.
Hardly had she entered the house when she heard the dog barking.
10.Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
Only in this way can you work out the maths problem.
Only when Tom returns this afternoon will the meeting begin.
11.Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.
倒装：
1)Jack didn’t understand why his mother was angry with him until she told him everything.(陈述句)
2)Not until his mother told him everything did Jack understand why she was angry with him. （倒装句）
3)It was not until his mother told him everything that Jack understood why she was angry with him.（强调句）
12.A better understanding of the environment is necessary, as is the willingness to act.更好地了解环境情况是必要的，意愿行动也是必要的。
as= so
He is a patriot, as are his brothers.他是个爱国者，他的兄弟们也是一样。
He believed, as did his family, that you were telling the truth.
13.in harmony with (与。。。)和睦相处
反义：out of harmony with
The goal, he says, is to live in harmony with the world around us. 他说目标是与我们周围和谐相处。
He soon found himself in harmony with his new co-worker.
14.put an end to 结束；制止
We must put an end to this foolish behavior.
The chief task of the moment is to put an end to the terrible pollution in the rivers.当务之急是制止河流的严重污染。
15.There is a chance (that)…
1）chance 可能性[c;u]
There is a chance that…有可能发生某事
There is a good chance that I’ll finish the work tomorrow.
There is a chance that the sick child will get well.
There is just a chance that he’ll help you.
同义词：possibility 可能性（多作不可数名词，有时可加a）
用法：
a) There is a possibility of doing…
There is a possibility of his coming for Christmas.
I don’t think there is any possibility of your getting away before midday tomorrow.
b)There is a possibility that…
There is a possibility that the train may be late.
There’s always the possibility that he won’t come.
2)chance机会 [c; u] 同义词 opportunity
Chance/ opportunity to do
of doing
I had the chance / opportunity of visiting Paris.
I had no chance/ opportunity to see him.
I wish I’d had your chances / opportunities!
I don’t get many chances to talk to him these days.
The train was so full that we had little chance to compare notes.
There was no chance of his getting scholarships.
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3Unit 18 Inventions
单元要点
Word study 1.edible 2.environmentally 3.heel 4.palmtop 5.vest 6.inflatable 7.backwards 8.reappear 9.patent 10.officer 11.petrol 12.automatically 13.thinker 14.background 15.IQ 16.strategy 17.rephrase 18.reject 19.partial 20.possibility 21.perception 22.otherwise 23.involve 24.attempt 25.deepen 26.connection 27.unre-asonable 28.application 29.produ-ctive 30.respected 31.uninspired 32.rider 33.metaphor 34.storage 35.paste 36.glue 37.Eniac 1.可以吃的，可以食用的 2.环保地，环境地 3.鞋跟，脚后跟 4.掌上电脑 5.背心，马甲 6.可充气的，可膨胀的 7.向后 8.再次出现 9.专利10.官员，军官 11.汽油 12.自动的13.思想家，思考者 14.背景 15.智商 16.策略， 战略， 谋略 17.重新措辞 18.排斥，丢掉，抛弃 19.不公平的，部分的 20.可能性；可能的事21.观念；认识；感觉；知觉 22.不然；否则 23.需要；包含；含有；卷入 24.n.尝试；努力；v.试图做，尝试 25.加深；使变深 26.联系；因果；关系；连接 27.不讲道理的；非理性 28.用法；用途；应用；实施 29.富有成效的；生产性的 30.受人尊敬的31.未获得灵感的；平淡的 32.骑手，骑马（自行车）的人 33.比喻的说法；隐喻 34.储存 35.粘贴 36.胶水，胶 37.电子数字积分计算机
Usefulexpressions 1.environmentally friendly 2.be tired of 3.instead of 4.a flying bicycle 5.be prepared to 6.come up with 7.to have sth. in common 8.think outside the box 9.allow for 10.get stuck 11.break away from 12.a series of 13.be connected to 14.be aware of 15.think of 16.at least 17.improve one’s life18.digital camera 19.Information Age 20.be similar to 21.be different from 22.allow sb. to do sth. 23.at a high pace 1.不会破坏环境的 2.厌烦 3.代替4.会飞的自行车 5.为……作准备 6.提出 7.在……有共同点 8.破旧立新 9.顾及，为……作准备 10.陷进 11.摆脱，脱离 12.一系列 13.与……有关 14.意识到 15.想到 16.至少 17.改善生活 18.数码相机 19.信息时代 20.和……相似 21.与……不同 22.同意某人做某事 23.高速度
Sentencepatterns &CommunicatieEnglish 1.Thinkers who have changed the world do not seem to have much in common.2.It seems that creative thinking,which is one of the most highly valued skills in society,is a matter of habits.3.To“think outside the box”is to try new ways to solve a problem.4.It is certainly true that computers,cellphones and digital camerals have become part of our everyday life.5.After all,what makes a new invention such a wonderful thing is that it allows us to do something we couldn’t do before.6.This invention can help people…7.This is a new way of…8.What does it look like 9.How does it work 10.What is it made of 11.This new invention will make it possible for people to…12.How would people use it
Grammar Review the Attributive ClauseWhich of the following inventions do you like best A car that uses water instead of petrol.A bicycle that can fly in the air.A bio-chip that makes it possible for us to know the future.A smart pen that automatically translates what we write into a foreign language.
Topics and Writing 1.Talk about inventions.2.Practise expressing and supporting an opinion.3.Write a process essay.