课件28张PPT。Grammar
名词性从句Noun Clausessubjective clause
主语从句objective clause
宾语从句predicative clause
表语从句appositive clause
同位语从句 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句。
1. What it was to become was a mystery.
2. I don’t know who will help Henry to win the bet.
3. His trouble is that he doesn’t know anybody in London.
4. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句1、宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有连词that，if，whether；连接代词who，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，how， why等。e.g. (1) I think (that) women can reach very
high achievements in many fields of science.
2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how
many babies she had delivered.
3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to?
总结:2.注意点1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.
2).引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数
情况下可以省略.
3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句
但: (1).当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.
(2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
1.宾语从句的引导词:
宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.例: I don’t know whether I will stay or not.4).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第一个that 可以省略,第二that不能省.
He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.
e.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be.
The question is which of us should come first.
The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.
The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.2、表语从句
表语从句在复合句中起表语作用.引导宾语从句词有连词that，what, which, who, whom, whose等.除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。
2.注意点1). 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.
2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.
3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.
What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better future.The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.
The reason why + 句子 be that + 从句.for +名词今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.错误The reason why he was late this morning
is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.或 This / it /that/ is because + 从句…等句型.
He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.3、主语从句
做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词that ，whether， 连接代词who ，what ，which， 连接副词when，where， how， why等。
e.g. That she left him cut him to the heart.
What seems easy to some people
seems difficult to others.
Whether it will please them is not easy to say.
2.总结:1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓
语在后.2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,起引导作用, 不作任何成分,但不能省略.
When will he come is not known.
错误When he will come is not known.
He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.
错误That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.
但是 what is the matter 和 what is wrong 不可改变语序 3).whether可以引导主语从句 解释为”是否”,但if不能.4).whoever, whatever, whichever等词可以引导主语从句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能,它们只能引导让步状语从句.5).为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.
例: It is well known/reported/thought/said/… that…
It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/… that…
It is a pity/a shame/an honour/… that…
It doesn’t matter whether…/It seems that…
It happens that…4、同位语从句
同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由从属连词that引导，常常跟在fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark, hope, belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同为关系。
e.g. They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.
Where did you get the idea that I could not come.
The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be adopted.注意
1.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有:idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof, message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth, word, hope, information等.
2.that 在从句中只是起引导作用, 不作任何成分.1.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn‘t matter ______that I’m talking to. (2004年广东省卷 )
A. who is it B. who it is
C. it is who D. it is whom 高考链接【试析】这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。And后是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分是it doesn’t matter, 主语从句则是who it is that I’m talking to.而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰who. Who既是一个引导词，也在it is中作表语.如果再细一点，说who是 (talking) to的介词宾语也可以。 2. It is pretty well understood ___ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (2003上海) A. that B. when C. what D. how 【试析】主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选C. 3. _____ made the school proud was______ more than 90％ of the students had been admitted to key universities. （2003上海春季）
A. What; because B. What ; that
C. That ; what D. That ; because
【试析】what 在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分.4.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_______ he wants . (2002上海春季)
A.what B.which C.when D.that 【试析】这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语,意思是"永远给予他人他确实想要的东西"。故答案为A。
5.---Are you still thinking about yesterday's game? ---Oh, that's_______ . (2003北京春季)
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited
【试析】这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。
一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语
e.g. The news that our team has won the final match
is encouraging. （同位语从句）
我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。
The news that you told us is really encouraging.
（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。2、两种从句都可以用that引导
e.g. The suggestion that students should learn
something practical is worth considering.
（同位语从句）
学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。
The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.
（定语从句）
值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步
说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、
限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match
is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）
The news that you told us is really encouraging.
（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分）
2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.
（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）II. Choose the best answer1.They expressed the hope ___they would come over to China.
A. which B. that C. whom D. when
2.The fact___ he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.
A. that B. which C. when D. what
3.I have no idea ____he will come back.
A. where B. when C. what D. thatII. Choose the best answer4.The news ___ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
5.One of the men held the view ___ the book said was right.
A. what that B. that which
C. that what D. which that
6.Word has come ___ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.
A. what B. whether c. that D. which1.The question is ____the film is worth seeing.
A. if B. what C. whether D. how
2.They received orders _____ the work be done at once.
A .which B. when C. / D .that
3.The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bed.
A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because
4. ___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants to change her mind.
A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because
5. ____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if
6. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
7. I have the information ____.
A. of what he’ll come soon B. that he’ll come soon
C. of that he’ll come soon D. his coming soon
CDCABDB单项填空8. --- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.
--- ____ it made me nearly mad.
A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break
9.It remains a question ____ we can get so much money in such a
short time.
A.how B. that C. when D. what
10.--- Can I help you?
--- Yes, do you know ____?
A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus
C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes
11. He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.
A. that B. if C. what D. that if
12. They lost their way in the forest and ____ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall.
A. what; that B. it; that
C. what; when D. which; whatAADDAHomeworkDo exercise 1&2 on p49 课件28张PPT。Learning about
language1.Say the words according to explanations.
1 most things or people in a group …
2 with the help of something …
3 the state of being a slave
4 machine that flies, helicopter
5 group or mass of different things
6 belong to a certain country
7 a person who applies
8 point to, point out , show something; be a sign of something
9 put or set in or into something
10pay to use something, or to use someone's help majorityby means of slavery aircraft mixture nationality applicant indicate inserthire 2.Answer keys for excise 1 on page 4:majoritynation(ality)simplicitycuriosityappliedracialmixedillustrativeapplicationracemixtureillustration3.Choose the words below to fill in the blanks, changing their forms if necessary.(page4) My first holiday to Spain was a delight. The architecture and food there were exciting and the ____________of people s was very interesting. I found out more about that when I met Carlos. He is from a (an)_____________ family originally from South America and speaks excellent_________. Like the ________ of the Spanish, he is a ____________ and goes to church every Sunday. mixtureimmigrantSpanishmajorityCatholic He told me how his ancestors were forced into _________by the Spanish conquerors of South America. They had to deny their king, their ____________ and their gods when the Spanish arrived. The invaders were so cruel to the local population that eventually Carlos’ ancestors fled to Spain to ____________there. Now he and his family form part of the interesting mixture of peoples that make up the Spanish population.
slaverynationalitymake a lifeLanguage Points 1.California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.
形容词最高级表示“最”，与序数词连用表示“第几”
Mary is the tallest student in our class.
Tom is the second tallest boy in our class.
---Ｗhat the population of this city?
---The population in the city 100million.
25% of the population of this city older than 60.
The population of our country ___ very large.isisareispopulation指人口总量时用单数，用what提问，但指多少人口时用复数形式。2.It is also the most multicultural
state in the US. . multi- 是一个常用的前缀，表示“多”。
Can you give us more examples ?
3. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.It is likely/possible/probable that …
sb/sth is likely to do sth
某人/物有可能做某事 4. Scientists believe that these first settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia to Alaska by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.
means: a method or a way (of doing)
by means of: by using 依靠，凭借。
1. The thief had wanted to escape by means of a secret tunnel, but was caught.
2. The quickest means of travel is by plane.
prehistoric times 史前时期
pre-是一个前缀， 表示“前”，“先”，“预先”。 e.g prepay, preview, prejudge, pretell5.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.forced into slavery: 被迫成为奴隶1)Thousand, hundred, million, dozen, score 等表数字
的词表示具体数字时不加“s”，加“s”时泛指许多。
Hundreds and hundreds of people go skating in winter.
2) thousands of 成千上万的
类似的用法还有?：
hundreds of 数以百计的
scores of 许多
millions of 上百万的
dozens of 许多，大量
tens of thousands of 数以万计的The teacher bought two ___books in the bookstore.
A. scores of B. scores C. score ofCBear them in
your mind! 6.In addition, many died from the disease
brought by Europeans.in addition to: 除此之外,另外,加之 e.g. I met my past teacher and some former
classmates __________ in the supermarket.
我在超市里遇见了我以前的老师,还有些同班同学.in addition______________cakes and candies, guests were also provided with fruits.
除了有蛋糕和糖果,还给客人们准备了水果.In addition to 7. However, some survived these terrible times
today there are more Native Americans living
in California than in any other state.
to not die in an accident, on war or from
an illness.幸免,幸免于难
e.g. Only 12 of the 140 passengers _________
在140名乘客中只有12人幸免于难.
survivesurvived2)to continue to live normally and not be too
Upset by the problems. 挺过来,挣扎过下去
e.g. I don’t think I _______________ another
Year as a teacher; just too stressful.could survive3)To live longer than someone else, usually someone closely related to you
比(某人)长寿,比(通常指亲人)活的更长
e.g. Harry ____________his wife by three months.
哈里比他妻子多活了三个月.survivedliving in California 为现在分词短语作定语,相当
于定语从句who live in California. 现在分词一般
表示经常性的动作或现在的状态,也可以表示动作现在正在发生或者与谓语动词所表示的的动作同时发生.e.g. There are three types of tiger living in
China (that live in China).
目前中国有三种虎.
The picture hanging (that is hanging) on the
wall is painted by my nephew.
墙上挂着的那幅画是我侄儿画的.8. Of the first Spanish to go to California,
the majority were religious men who came to
teach the Catholic region to the natives.
majority : most of the people or things in a
Particular group.e.g. Those who favor the proposal are
_______________.
赞成该提案者占多数.
__________________approved the policy.
大多数的人赞同该提案.in the majorityThe great majority9.Spanish soldiers first arrived in America in the early 16th century when they fought against the native people and took their land.fight against 为反对……而战，和……斗争。
fight for 为（争取）……而斗争
You should be ready to fight against difficulties.
你们应该准备同困难作斗争。
Two dogs fight for a bone, and a third runs away with it. 鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。
10. However, there is still a strong Spanish
influence in the state.influence n. 影响力,作用,有影响的人或物e.g. Claude’s work had _________________ on generations of musicians.
克劳德的作品对几代音乐家都产生过重要影响.
Her mother said that I was _______________
on her daughter.
她母亲说我对她女儿产生了很坏的影响.a major influencea bad influence11. Many died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves in the new towns or on farms.
remained:系动词,“留下”,“逗留”.
I’ll remain to see the end of the game.
The foreign guests remained in Beijing for two weeks.make a life: to change the way one is living
make a living: to do work to earn money
12. It was the building of the railway from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.
这是强调式句13……. which today still keeps up its Danish culture.
keep up: never stop,continue steadily,go on
The manager asked the workers to keep up the work.
The rain kept up for two days and the roads were flooded.14.People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico.
have been doing 现在完成进行时,强调始于过去某时的动作持续发生到现在.
eg He has been painting the room.
他一直都在粉刷房间.when they moved north from Mexico 这是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词“the 1800s” 进行补充说明，先行词在从句中作时间状语，因此用关系副词“when”引导。
15. California has become home to people from Asia, including Cambodians,Koreans, Vietnamese and Laotians.
become home to:成为家园
The island has become home to snakes.Homework 1.try to master these useful words and expression
2.do exercise 1.2.3 on page48 课件15张PPT。Listening & speaking
BackgroundGeorge is on holiday in the United States. He is touring around California. Here is his talk to his friend Christie.Step 1 Listen to the tape for the first time and while listening, number the things they talk about in order.Step 1□ geographic areas of California
□ where George's tour started
□ California not as George expected
□ where George is now
□ Californian people 12345Step 2 Listen again and complete the postcard George wrote.Dear Sam,
I’m here in Joshua Tree National Park, in the_____________
part of California. Have been traveling around the state of
___________ for three weeks now. Very different from what
I have seen in ________________ . Not everyone is ______
and not everyone lives near the _______. First traveled
southeast through rich farmland then to the central part.
They grow everything here including ___________________
and fruit. Cattle too. Then traveled further __________ into
mountains and _________.Californians are very friendly,
and they are from many different ________ and cultures.
Every culture has its own ______, ________, food and art.
Most interesting. Wish you were here. Give my love to Paula.
George
southeasternCaliforniaAmerican moviesrichbeachCotton, nuts, vegetablessoutheastdesertracesmusicfestivalsStep3 Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.What surprised George about California?
Why did George have the wrong impression of California before he went there?
3. Why is there such a huge variety of different
Types of music, food and art in California?What surprised George about California?George was surprised to find that not everyone in California lives in big houses near the beach, not everyone is rich and there are a large number of different cultures living in California..2. Why did George have the wrong impression
of California before he went there?
George’s only previous knowledge of California was from watching movies and movies do not always portray every aspect of life or life as it really is.3. Why is there such a huge variety of different
Types of music, food and art in California?
Because there is a huge variety of cultures and nationalities in California, all of whom brought their own art, music and food with them.SpeakingBrainstormingDescribe placeslocationclimate History Geographical featuresCulture/…Topics Talk about traveling to some places in telephone conversation.Where have you visited recently?
What is the climate like?
What did you think about the people?
What other interesting things did you see?That’s interesting / terrific / marvelous / cool / lovely !!(giving comments)rememberSit back to back with your partner so you can’t see each other.
Partner A: Talk about where the place is ,
Partner B: Encourage your partner to talk by asking questions
and making comments.
3. Swap roles. Partner B tells Partner A about hisher visit. rememberThe following sentence patterns are helpful for you: That’s interesting / terrific / marvelous / cool / lovely !!
Really?
How do you feel about…
It seems to me …because…
Sounds good.
I see.
Sorry to interrupt/for interrupting, but…
In this unit you have learned some new language to help you talk and write about the USA
Write a short passage about the place they have visited recently.writingHomework Write a short passage about the place
they have visited recently.课件17张PPT。Using language
(reading)If you have a lot of money, what will you do? diaryGeogre’s diary 12-14 JuneMonday 12th, June
ride on a cable car
Fisherman’s wharf
Tuesday 13th,June
Chinatown
Wednesday 14th, June
Alcatraz IslandQuickly read Geoge’s diary. He wrote this part of his diary when he was in San Francisco. Write the things he saw in these days.When was it invented?Who? Why?1873Andrew HallidieHe invented the cable car system because the
Horse-drawn trams used before were unsafe.cable carIt is the district a tourist areathe placeFisherman’s wharfWhere Italian fishermen first came in with lots of shops, restaurants and bakeries. to catch a ferry to other placessome building like buildings in southern China
some interesting temples
a number of markets
a great many restaurants
art galleries and a museumName the things that visitors
can do in it.ChinatownprisonWater:
Swift, freezing coldCells:
small, cold ,dampLight:
some even no lightread the newspapertalk to othersAlcatraz Islandterrible××conditionsPost reading
Teamed up with a couple from my hotel.team up with: make an effort in cooperation with; work together with
Translate:
He teamed up with an experienced worker in the project.Who teamed up with me when I spent all day driving?
It’s a 79km round-trip that takes in all famous tourists spots.take inunderstandreceivemake(clothe)narrowerincludecheatWhat takes in all the famous tourist spots?
He had nowhere to live in, so we took him in.
The dress needs to be taken in.
They listened to my lecture, but how much did they take in , I wonder?
Don’t let yourself be taken in by these politicians.receive make narrowerunderstandcheat思维拓展:take off 拆开,拆散
take on 贬低, 贬损名誉等
take apart 从事,对…..产生兴趣,打听,占用空间或时间
take away from 脱下,脱去,起居,休假,离开
take up 开始雇佣,露出,承担,接受 Yes. There are a great many restaurants in Chinatown.
a great many: a large number (of);
There are a great many reasons why you
shoudn’t do it.
remember: it is only used to modify countable nouns. Are there a lot of restaurants in Chinatown? formal or informal
Please give some examples.
eg:Did so much exploring at Fisherman’s Wharf. Am exhausted and don’t feel like doing anything else?
Can you rewrite the whole sentence inserting all the missing words?What do you think of its language?
√ to have a wish for; want Which place would you like to travel most, Fisherman’s Wharf, Chinatown or Alcatraz Island? Discuss with your classmates in your group and tell why.DiscussionHomework
1. Read the passage again
2. Review the whole unit
课件31张PPT。Warming&readingUnit 1 A land of diversityHow much do you know about America?Warming up
???1. Which flag is American flag?
A. B. C.2. Which city is the capital of the USA?
New York
Washington D.C
Los Angeles A.B.C.D. 3. Which stands for the USA?√ National
Emblems
（国徽）4. How many states are there in the USA?A.B.C.D.474849505. Who is president of America?A.B.C.D.George W. Bush George H.W. Bush Putin Bill Clinton A.B.C.D.6.Which doesn’t belong to the USA?Statue of
LibertyGolden
BridgeWhite
HouseEiffel
Tower7.Which are American brands?ABCDEFGGermanyGermanyFinland8.Who are Americans?ABCDEkeanu
ReevesDavid
BeckhamSteven
SpeilbergRonaldinho BritainBrazilArnold Schwarzenegger
a famous actor
the governor of CaliforniaFast reading1.What’s the topic of this text?
A. the culture of California
B. the history of California
C.the weather of California
D. the history of USA2.Which state in the USA has the largest Population?
California (over 30 million people)RussiansLater Arrivals peopleThe SpanishMost Recent ArrivalsNative Americans3.How many kinds of people are mentioned in this text?
Gold Miners
Native Americans1.Time: 15000 years ago
2.Where did they come from: from Asian to Alaska
3.What happened in the sixteenth century?
were killed by European
were forced into slavery
died from the disease
survived the terrible times
Native AmericansThe SpainshFill in the form:(note down an important events)
16th century 18th century in 1821
in 1846Spain soldiers arrived
and took their landCalifornia was ruled
by SpainCalifornia became part
of MexicoMexico gave California
to the United StatesInfluence: today over 40% of Californians speak Spainish as a first or second languageRussians & Gold MinersDo some T or F questions:
1.In the early 1800s, Russian fur trappers began settling in California.
2.In 1848, before the Amerian-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California.
3.A lot of adventures achieved their dream of becoming rich.
4.California become the thirty-first state of the United states of Amerian in 1850.
after few1860s1800sLate 1900sBy 1920sEarly 1900s1911Recent
decades1970s Look at the pictures below. Each illustrates something about California.
Discuss in groups what each picture means to you.A native American Indian was standing beside a camp .It seemed that he or she felt very happy. Maybe he or she had a good harvest.Disscusion Native California IndiansHe was a gold miner. He was panning gold. He looked not only thin and weak, but also thirsty and tired. It was difficult for them to achieve the dream of becoming rich.California gold miners around 1849A building in ChinatownMany Chinese have settled in California and many of them live in Chinatown in San Francisco. By 1990,the nations being immigrated from different parts of the world had made California into the most racially and ethnically diverse state in the country.Chinatowns in CaliforniaOther reference pictures about gold rush in California Why is California in the 21st century such a multicultural community? Explain in your own words. Write three or four sentence.TASK1The state of California is a multicultural community because European, African and Asian people have been immigrating to the state for the last 200 years.Before their arrival, native American people had lived there for thousands of years. People from all over the world are still coming to settle in California because of its good climate and the lifestyle it offers.Imagine you are a Californian , and introduce California to tourists.
TASK2Homework1.Make a summary of the text and try to retell it.
2.Underline the useful words and expressions in
the reading text and learn by yourself.
