限制性定语从句讲解及练习(江苏省宿迁市泗洪县新星中学李继友)

限制性定语从句讲解及练习
江苏省宿迁市泗洪县新星中学
制作人：李继友
中文中的定语
定义：定语起限定、修饰、描绘名词或代词的作用，一般放在主语和宾语前面。定语主要由形容词、名词、代词、数词 等担任。此外，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。（名词或代词称为中心词）
（我）的书 ——“我” 是定语，“书”是中心词
（美丽）的太阳——“美丽”是定语，“太阳”是中心词。
（两个）小孩在看（英语）课文——“两个”是定语，“英语”是定语。“小孩”是中心词，“课文”是中心词。
英文中的定语
定义：定语起限定、修饰、描绘名词或代词的作用，一般放在主语和宾语前面。定语主要由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词短语、作定语、从句 等担任。此外，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
E.g.
（1）形容词作定语：
The （naughty） boy wants（red）coat.这个淘气的小男孩想要红色的衣服。
（2）数词作定语：
There are （two） boys in the classroom. 在教室里有两个小孩。
（3）介词短语作定语：
The boy( in the classroom) like the book.教室里的男孩喜欢这本书。
The boy (in blue) is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
（4）不定式作定语：
The boy (to write this letter) needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
（5）从句作定语（一般置后）：
The place （which I often visit） was built in the 17th century.我经常参观的这个地方建与十七世纪。
定语从句
一．定语从句：对名词或代词（称为先行词）起修饰、描述或限制的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句功能相当于一个形容词，故又称为形容词性从句．
定语从句分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
二．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。（先行词前一般有the修饰）
三．关系词：引导定语从句的关系词有关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
四.关系代词:有that、which、who、whom,、whose、as等（在从句中充当主语、宾语等）；
五. 关系副词：有when、where、why等（在从句中充当状语）；
六. 关系词通常有下列三大作用：1、引导定语从句；2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
七.关系词的选用：关系词的选择完全取决于先行词在定语从句中所充当的什么成分。
关系词一共有九个：
Who、whom指代人的名词或代词(who可做主语和宾语,whom做宾语)
whose用来指人或物,只能用作定语
which、that的先行词是指物的名词或代词, that可以指人(which不能), 在从句中作主,宾语等, that还可以作表语(which不能)
as指人物都可以,常和the same、such、so、as 等连用作主、宾、表。
when、where、why分别在从句中作时间,地点,原因状语
E.g.
This is the school （where/in which he studies）.
（where/in which在从句中作状语）
Is he the man （who/that wants to see you） （who/that在从句中指人作主语）
Last month, part of Southeast Asiawas struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering.
（ whose在从句中作定语）
The desks （which/that we made last year ）were very good.（ which /that在从句中指物作宾语）
Children should read such books （as will make them better and wiser）.
（as在从句中指作主语，such……as搭配 ）
只用that引导限制性定语从句的情况
(1)当先行词被every,、any、all、some、no、 little、 few、 much、(…..thing)等修饰时，
This is all that I know from my parents.
There is nothing that he leaves for us.
(2) 当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰时;
The first place that I visited will never be forgotten.
This is the worst book that I have ever read.
(3)当先行词是两个或两个以上，分别表示人和物时,
They often talked about the things and persons that they met in the house.
(4)当先行词被very、 only、 any、 no,、right、 just 等词修饰时;
That is the only book that I want to borrow.
(5)当主句是以who、 which等疑问代词开头的特殊疑问句时;
Who is the lady that is sleeping on the desk
(6)当先行词是集合名词（team、police、class、 family等）时；
He wants to join the team that won the game.
(7)先行词在从句中作表语时；
Beijing is no longer the city that it used to be.
(8)当主句是There be．．．句型时;
There are two chairs that prepare for you ．
关系副词和"介词+which" 结构交替使用
时间：When=适当的介词+which
E.g. I can remember the day (when/on which I met you).
地点： where=适当的介词+which
E.g. The village (where/in which I spent my childhood) is in Heilongjiang Province.
原因：why =for+which
E.g. This is the reason( why/for which I came late again).
方式：that =in+which (可省略)
E.g. I don’t like the way (that/in which you spoke to your father).
定语从句注意事项
（一）从句的语序为陈述句；
（二）从句必须句子成分完整;
（三）主句与从句时态须一致;
（四）关系代词引导定语从句且在从句中充当主语,宾语, 表语,定语等成分(充当宾语时可省略);
（五）关系副词引导定语从句且在从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语等成分。
（六）介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.
E.g.
This is the country from which they is learned the news.
The is our teacher on whom we all depend.
(七) those作指人的不定代词时，通常与who搭配，指代“那些……的人”。
E.g.
People have a greater chance of having heart diseases than those who don’t.
(八)在定语从句中，可以作定语的关系代词只能用whose，表示某物时相当于“the + 名词 + of + which”或“of + which + the + 名词”；表示某人时相当于“the + 名词 + of + whom”或“of +whom + the + 名词”。
E.g.
Please pass me the book （whose /of which the cover is green.= the cover of which is green）.
I bought an ancient chinese vase, whose price /the price of which was very reasonable.
（九） 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。（如：look for 、wait for、 look after 、work on、 look into 、take care of）
E.g.
Is this the pen which he is looking for
The child who/whom he is looking after is Wang Lin’s son .
The man who/whom he is waiting for is Professor Liu.
(十)先行词前有such、the same、as时， 关系代词用as，不用that， 但the same…as…指不同的人或物，the same…that…表示同一个人或物。
E.g.
He knows as many people as sttend the meeting.
Such animal as you refer to are rare nowadays.
This is the same pen as I gave you yesterday.
(是两支笔)
This is the same pen that I gave you yesterday.
(是同一支笔)
（十一）定语从句中的谓语动词和先行词在人称和数上保持一致。当先行词是 one of +名词时，定语从句的谓语动词常为复数形式；如果 one 前面有 the only、 the very 、 the last 修饰,定语从句谓语动词常为单数形式。
E.g.
I, who am your sister, have the right to stop you from doing this .
She is one of the students who has failed the exam.
判断引导词的依据
（1）看是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句
That 不能引导非限制性定语从句。
What不能引导定语从句。
（2）看先行词指代人、物、地点、还是时间
指 人：who、whom、 that、 whose
指 物：which 、that、 whose
指地点：where
指时间：when
（3）看从句是否缺少句子成分
做主语：用关系代词 who 、that 、which 、as等
做宾语：用关系代词 whom 、that 、which 、as等
做状语：用关系副词。
（4）介词+关系代词结构
Whom 、whose、 which前可以加介词
That前一般不加介词
练习：历届高考试题中的定语从句(1986—2006)
1. A child _____________ parents are dead is called an orphan.孤儿 ( 86 )
A. which B. his C. whose D. with
2. Finally the thief handed everything _____________ he had stolen to the police. ( 87 )
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
3. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _____________ family was poor. ( 88 )
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
4. All _____________ is needed is a supply of oil. ( 89 )
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
5. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of _____hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. ( 90 )
A. these B. those C. that D. which
6. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _____________ came as a surprise. ( 91 )
A. it B. that C. which D. he
7. I don’t like _____________ you speak to her. ( 93 )
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
8. The weather turned out to be very good, _____________ was more than we could expect. ( 94 )
A. what B. which C. that D. it
9. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ________many people have gone home. ( 95 )
A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time
10. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _________ he grew up as a child. ( 96 )
A. which B. where C. that D. when
11. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____________ in the forest. ( 97 )
A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew
12. He made another wonderful discovery, _____________ of great importance to science. ( 98 )
A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is
13. Carol said the work would be done by October, ____________ personally I doubt very much. ( 99 )
A. it B. that C. when D. which
14. The result of the experiment was very good, ____________ we hadn’t expected. ( 2000 )
A. when B. that C. which D. what
15. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ____________ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. ( B2000 )
A. that B. while C. which D. when
16. The gentleman _____________ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. (2000 )
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
17. These houses are sold at such a low price _____________ people expected. (2000 )
A. like B. as C. that D. which
18. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ______, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
19. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____________ was very reasonable. ( S2000)
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
20. ____________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. ( 2001 )
A. It B. As C. That D. What
21. The famous basketball star, ________ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002春季)
A. where B. when C. which D. who
22. Is this the reason ______________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work (2002上海春季)
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained
23. We are living in an age _____________ many things are done on computer. (03 北京春季)
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
24. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (04 北京)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
25. The English play _____________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. (2004)
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
26. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ______the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
27. What surprised me was not what he said but ____________ he said it. (2004 湖北).
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
28. I work in a business ______________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. (2004 湖南).
A. how B. which C. where D. that
29. Anyway, that evening, ____________ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
30. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ____are sold abroad . ( 04 辽宁 )
A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of
1-5 CDDBD 6-10 CABDB 11-15 CADCA 16-20 BABBB 21-25 DABAC 26-30 AACDC