课件44张PPT。 08高考英语复习讲座 金陵中学 朱大龙 高考听力题答题技巧
05/06/07年江苏高考题为例 考试大纲要求 听力部分要求考生听懂简短独白和对话(有关日常生活中所熟悉的话题)理解主旨要义
2.获取事实性的具体信息
3.对所听内容作出简单推断
4.理解说话者的意图观点或态度
《新课程标准》材料选择要求1-3√ 1.真实语境中的话语
√ 2.与学生水平相当
√ 3.多种口音的材料《新课程标准》听力测试命题方式1--61. √单项选择
2. х是非题
3. х完成句子
4. х完成图表
5. х简单记录、总结
6. х按指令完成任务《新课程标准》技能要求1--91. х 排除口音、背景音等因素的干扰
2. √ 抓住关键词
3. х 听并执行指示语
4. √ 听大意和主题
5. √确定事物的发展顺序或逻辑关系
6. √预测下文内容
7. √理解说话人的意图和态度
8. х评价所听内容
9. √判断语段的深层含义 一、捕捉关键词
一般来说，英语听力测试主要是获取事实性的具体信息，这些问题大多以when，where，who，what，why and how等疑问词的形式出现。该部分主要包括某事件的细节、数字与计算(时间、价格等)、地点与方向、身份与职业、计划与打算等。这些细节的考查往往以简短对话的形式出现，即两人之间“一问一答式”的谈话。这就要求考生在解题时，应特别注意倾听第二个人的答语或第二句话，以便从中捕捉到答题所需的 关键词。 06 江苏
6. What can we learn about Mr. Brown?
A. He is in his office having lunch.
B. He is at a meeting.
C. He is out now.
7. What will the man probably do next?
A. Call back.
B. Come again.
C. Leave a message later.答案: CA关键词 out back 干扰词 lunch ; laterWhat will the speakers discuss ? (05 -2江苏)
A. a report
B. a computer
C. a report on computer
答案 A
关键词keep to the point , computer later 4. What size does the man want? (07)
A. 9.
B. 35.
C. 39.
答案: A
注意第二句 How much， size 2. Which is the right gate for the man's flight?
A. Gate 16
B. Gate 22
C. Gate 25.
注意第二句答语 it’s just changed…
答案： C 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the second gift for Jimmy?
A. A car. B. A watch.
C. A computer.
9. Why does Jimmy feel happy?
A. He lives with his parents.
B. He’s got what he dreamt of.
C. He’s received lots of presents.
关键词 just what I want
答案： CB判断对话人之间的关系
10. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. They are friends.
B. They are strangers to each other.
C. They are husband and wife.
11. Why does the woman come to talk with the man?
A. To get a job.
B. To take a test. C. To see the secretary.
12. What does the man mean by saying sorry?
A. He can’t hear the woman clearly.
B. He doesn’t need a designer.
C. He can’t help the woman.
关键词 My name is…, job, test, next month
BAC
细节处理(三人以上)
13. What do we know about the woman?
A. She lives close to the office.
B. She is new to the company.
C. She likes the big kitchen.
14. How does the man go to work?
A. On foot. B. By bus. C. By car.
15. Why was Susan late for work?
A. She missed the bus.
B. Her train was late. C. Her car broke down.
16. What will the man do the next day?
A. Go to work by train.
B. Visit Lily in her flat. C. Leave home earlier.
关键词 flat, 10 minutes on foot, train late, 15 minutes earlier
答案： 13．A 14．B 15．B 16．C二、理解说话人的观点、态度和关系并作出深层判断， 此类试题相对较难，要求综合各方面的因素来确定选项。关系态度 注意第１２题
10. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. They are friends.
B. They are strangers to each other.
C. They are husband and wife.
11. Why does the woman come to talk with the man?
A. To get a job. B. To take a test.
C. To see the secretary.
12. What does the man mean by saying sorry?
A. He can’t hear the woman clearly.
B. He doesn’t need a designer.
C. He can’t help the woman. BACNext month, can’t wait, sorry 综合判断
5. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Life in Southeast Asia.
B. Weather condition.
C. A holiday tour.
C
trip holiday ;
warm, sunny;
tour, Southeast Asia
关系判断 答题次序
10. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Fellow clerks.
B. Boss and secretary.
C. Customer and salesperson.
11. What does the man like about his job?
A. Living close to the office.
B. Chances to go abroad.
C. Nice people to work with.
12. What do we know about the woman?
A. She likes traveling.
B. She is new to the company.
C. She works in public relations.答案: ABB答题次序12-10-11 关键词 New , really enjoy态度判断
3. How does the man feel about going to school by bike?
A. Happy.
B. Tired.
C. Worried.A关键词? 态度? Great 推理判断
What can we learn from this conversation? (05 江苏)
A. The woman does not get along well with the man
B. The woman does not get along well with her roommate
C. The man will talk with the woman’s roommate
答案 B 关键词 roommate noises rude 3、注意特殊句型， 排除干扰因素
考生要注意转折、让步、否定和虚拟语气的特殊句型以及时态的转换，要学会透过转折和让步把握说话者的真正意图。表示真实态度的常见词是“but”, “ well, it depends” , “above all”等. 一般来说听者尤其要注意but等后的意思，这是整句的主要部分。其他表转折和让步意义的词还有：though，although，even though，even if，in spite of，despite，unless，instead of，however及whatever(=no matter what)之类引导让步状语从句的表达法。 另外，要注意一些表示否定意义的词，如：no，not，never，seldom，hardly，doubt，neither，too…to，little，few，unhappy等。考生还应该了解，虚拟语气表示与事实相反，掌握虚拟语气的各种句型及在具体语境下的使用对理解听力材料很有帮助。
3. What does the man come for?
A. A lecture.
B. A meeting.
C. A party.
句型 But you are just in time for …
答案 B
4. When can the woman get the computers? (06)
A. On Tuesday.
B. On Wednesday.
C. On ThursdayA最后一句 just round the corner2. What will the man do next? (07)
A. Leave right away.
B. Stay for dinner.
C. Catch a train.
转折句型 But Helen and I will….答案: A 真实态度
5. What does the man think of the shirt for the party?
A. The size is not large enough.
B. The material is not good.
C. The color is not suitable. CCan’t , black , it doesn’t look like your going to a party 态度倾向
6. What is the man doing?
A. Giving a speech.
B. Chairing a meeting.
C. Introducing a person.
7. Why does the woman sing so well?
A. She has a great teacher.
B. She teaches singing.
C. She is young.
关键词
welcome; like, above all, teacher
答案： CA
4、预测答案并判断上下文的逻辑关系，注意时间先后和答题顺序。 预测听第八段材料，回答11--13题
11. Where are the speakers? ? ?A. In a classroom.? ?
B. In a theatre.? ?
C. In an office.
12. Why does the man plan to leave early? ? ?A. He is going on vacation. ? ?B. He is going to a performance. ? ?C. He is going to the post office.
13. What does the woman offer to do? ? ?A. Clean the office.? ? ?B. Pick up the man's son. ? C. Finish the man's work. C B C注意具体事实的逻辑先后：
和关键词：Show, boss, type letters 12—11--13预测 听第10段材料，回答18--20题
18. Why did the woman not go to college? ?? ?A. She didn't pass the exam. ?? ?B. She wasn't interested in college. ?? ?C. She couldn't afford college education.
19. What job does the woman say she did? ?? ?A. She was a bus conductor.? ? B. She was a shop assistant. ? C. She was a housekeeper.
20. What did the woman think of her friend's college life? ?? ?A. It was busy.??? ? ? B. It was wonderful.?????? ? C. It was dull. C B B逻辑关系18--20--19典型预测第6段材料，回答6、7两题 6. Where does the conversation take place? A. In a hotel.?? ? B. At a booking office.??????? C. At a friend's house.
7. What will the man probably do in a few days? A. Fly to another country.???? B. Come to the same hotel.??? C. Drive here to visit friends.
AB答案可能是：AB BA CC ?同时注意关键词：room , back 典型预测并听第七段材料，回答8—10题
8. What did the man worry about at the beginning of the conversation? ? ?A. He might not find everything he wanted. ?? ?B. He might not have enough money with him. ?? ?C. He might not be able to carry the shopping.
?9. How much should the man pay? ?? ?A. $5.???????B. $75.????????? ?C. $75.05. 10. What did the woman do in the end? ? ?A. She charged the man a little less. ? ?B. She asked the man to pay her later. ? ?C. She made a mistake in adding up the cost.
B C A 考前建议 1--3
1、加强“两读”，培养语感(灵敏度)
“两读”指的是阅读和朗读。因为阅读是外语学习中重要的“输入过程”，也就是积累过程。有了足够的积累，才能有丰富的词汇及背景知识。在阅读时，应有目的地选择难易适中的相关读物。这样有选择性的阅读既能提高英语的分析能力，又能训练自己的思维。同时尽量做到分类阅读，使题材和体裁多样化，避免单一的阅读。
2、养成良好听音习惯，保持良好的心理状态，对于提高听力非常重要。在听音过程中，有相当一部分学生不能直接用英语理解听力材料，而是借助汉语先经过“心译”的中间过程，这无形中增加了理解的中间环节，要跟上语流就会产生困难。这种不良习惯只有通过较大量的实践逐步克服过来（训练效率）。3、平时训练不能急于求成，要循序渐进,坚持每日一听。在听音过程中，对听不懂的词或句或不会做的题目就暂时放过，不要耗费时间去苦思冥想，切忌因急躁而影响后面的内容和试题。因此，保持轻松、沉着的心态十分重要。
考试注意事项 1--4 1、超前浏览考点、预测可能的情景。听力测试的每段对话或讲话的考点都要集中在一些主要信息和重要细节上。考生应该在时间运用方面有超前意识，充分利用有限时间扫视或快速浏览试卷上的问题以及选项，从而确定是考查事件细节(如地点、时间、数字、职业、身份关系)，还是考查标题、中心思想，并推测听力材料的可能意向。做到事先有思想准备，再有的放矢地听，这样在听录音时就可以集中主要精力去捕捉问题所涉及的有关信息。 2、上下文内容的预测
在用汉语交谈时，我们通常发现自己能自觉或不自觉地替对方完成他（她）接下去要说的话，这便是预测的结果。预测的内容愈多，听起来就愈轻松。用英语交谈也是如此，谈论的话题，谈话的场景，对背景知识的了解，以及英文语义标记等都可以帮助预测。3、做好笔记，把握细节
在听力材料较长，干扰项也较多的情况下，学会边听边做笔记尤为重要。考生应该用自己熟悉的符号来速记，将诸如年、月、日、星期、钟点、年龄、价码等数字和关键词尽量记下，并做好必要的换算，对于人名和地名可记下首字母或汉字，这些对于提高正确率大有帮助。 4、对于独白要听清主题句，把握中心思想
从国内外各种听力测试的情况来看，考查材料的中心思想是测试听力能力的重要内容。短文或独白的主题句往往出现在文章的句首，偶尔也出现在句中或句末。主题句往往是一篇听力材料的中心思想，文章中的其他内容都用来说明和发展主题句。如果考生从问题和选项中已看出该题测试点为主旨要义、标题、中心思想及作者观点等方面的问题，那么听清主题句就尤为必要。Thank you ! 课件75张PPT。2008年高考 与 高三复习
March 16, 20082008年 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷)说明 英语科命题指导思想（要点）普通高等学校招生全国统—考试是由合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学历的考生参加的选拔性考试；
具有较高的信度、效度、必要的区分度和适当的难度；
有利于高校选拔人才，有利于中学实施素质教育，有利于推进基础教育课程改革。教育部2003年颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准（试验）》的总体目标和分项目标；
2008年《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(英语科)考试大纲》；
江苏省实施《英语课程标准》的实际。考试内容及要求（要点）语言知识
运用语法知识
掌握3500个单词和400-500个习惯用语或固定搭配
语言能力
1、听力
2、阅读
3、书面表达考试形式及试卷结构（要点）考试形式：
120；120
试卷难易比例：
试卷包括容易题、中等题和难题，其中以中等题为主。
试卷结构、题型、分值、时间分布2007年高考 （新课程标准）英语考试大纲 Ⅰ 命题指导思想
1．命题以《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》和《2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课程标准英语科考试大纲》（待发）为依据。
2．测试考生的英语语言知识、语言技能和综合语言运用能力，侧重对综合语言运用能力的考查，尤其是对运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决实际问题的能力的考查。
3．重视语言的综合性与语境化因素，把语言知识放在各种实际的语境中考查，注重问题的真实性、情境性和应用性。对说的技能的考查坚持积极试验、分步实施的原则。
4．体现对考生文化意识、情感态度等人文素养的考查。
5．使学生能够展示个性发展和思维的多样性与开放性。
6．试题应有较高的信度、效度和必要的区分度，难度系数在0.55-0.60之间。Ⅱ 考试能力要求
根据课程标准的规定，考生应在英语语言知识、语言技能、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识五个方面达到相应水平要求：
1．语言知识
（1）语音
要求考生理解和运用常见语音项目，了解主要英语国家的英语语音差异。
（2）语法
要求考生理解语法形式的表意功能，并能正确运用。对较复杂的语言现象有一定的归纳和分析的能力。 （3）功能
要求考生掌握常用的功能项目，在语境中恰当地理解和表达。
（4）话题
要求考生熟悉有关我国一般社会生活的话题，并了解英语国家有关日常生活习惯的话题。
（5）词汇
要求考生能使用约3300个单词和400—500个习惯用语或固定搭配，运用这些词语进行理解和表达。2．语言技能
1）听
要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短对话和独白。考生应能：
（1）获取具体的、事实性信息；
（2）理解主旨和要义；
（3）对所听到内容的背景、说话者之间的关系进行简单的推断；
（4）理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。
2）说
要求考生根据要求进行口头表达。考生应能：
（1）用恰当的语调、语气和节奏表达个人意图和情感。
（2）对一般的询问和要求做出恰当的反应；
（3）根据熟悉的话题，稍做准备后，有条理地进行简短演讲；
（4）就一般性话题进行讨论；
（5）根据话题要求与人交流、合作，共同完成任务；3）读
要求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章。考生应能：
（1）理解主旨大意；
（2）寻读具体信息；
（3）识别不同文体特征；
（4）根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义。
（5）作出简单的判断和推理；
（6）理解文段的基本逻辑结构；
（7）理解作者的意图和态度；
（8）理解文段的文化信息。4）写
要求考生根据题示进行书面表达，例如根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要，根据文字或图表信息写短文或报告，根据提示叙述事情、表达观点和态度等。考生的表达应该：
（1）内容清楚、连贯；
（2）结构完整；
（3）逻辑性强；
（4）主题突出；
（5）用词及文体恰当。
3．情感态度要求考生能理解英语语言隐含的情感、态度和价值观，并用英语恰当地表达自己的情感、态度和价值观。4．学习策略要求借助联想建立相关知识之间的联系；利用推理和归纳等逻辑手段分析和解决问题；总结所接触语言材料中的语言规律并加以应用；在听和读的过程中，借助情景和上下文猜测词义或推测段落大意。5．文化意识要求考生了解常用英语语言与英语国家文化的关系，了解英语国家最突出的文化特色，对英语和英语国家的人民及其文化传统有客观和公平的认识；通过中外文化对比，加深对中国文化的理解。Ⅲ 考试范围
按《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》规定的八级要求命题。语言知识的考查内容参见《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》附录。高中英语课程标准八级要求语言知识 --- 词汇1、运用词汇理解和表达不同的功能、意图和态度等；
2、运用词汇描述比较复杂的事物、行为和特征，说明概念等；
3、学会使用3000个单词和400—500个习惯用语或固定搭配。 语言知识 --- 语法1、进一步掌握描述时间、地点、方位的表达方式；
2、进一步理解、掌握比较人、物体及事物的表达方式；
3、使用适当的语言形式进行描述和表达观点、态度、情感等；
4、学习、掌握基本语篇知识并根据特定目的有效地组织信息。 语言知识 --- 功能1、在更广的语境中恰当理解和表达问候、告别、感谢、介绍等交际功能；
2、在日常人际交往中有效地使用得体的语言进行表达，如发表意见、进行判断、责备、投诉等；
3、灵活运用已经学过的常用功能项目，进一步学习并掌握新的语言功能项目；
4、在实际生活中较熟练地实现信息沟通的目的。 语言知识 --- 话题1、熟悉个人、家庭和社会交往等方面的话题；
2、进一步熟悉有关日常生活、兴趣爱好、风俗习惯、科学文化等方面的话题；
3、熟悉我国一般社会生活的话题：职业、节日、风俗、社交礼仪等；
4、了解有关英语国家日常生活习惯的话题。语言技能 --- 听1、能识别不同语气所表达的不同态度；
2、能听懂有关熟悉话题的讨论和谈话并记住要点；
3、能抓住简单语段中的观点；
4、能基本听懂广播、电视英语新闻的主题或大意；
5、能听懂委婉的建议、劝告等。 语言技能 --- 读1、能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度；
2、能识别不同文体的特征；
3、能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句；
4、能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的文学作品；
5、能根据学习任务的请要从电子读物或网络中获取信息并进行加工处理；
6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到36万词以上。 语言技能 --- 写1、能写出连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；
2、能根据课文写摘要；
3、能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺；
4、能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告。 高考题难在哪里？基础扎实（词汇、语法）
技能熟练（听说读写）
知识面广（我国和世界的政治、经济、科
技等生活文化知识）
运用灵活（捕捉信息、分析推理、归纳概 括、重组表达等）
人文素养好Who is Chris Paine? (2002)
A. A computer engineer.
B. A book seller. C. A writer.*
W: I like to read Chris Paine.
M: So do I. I hear he writes on his computer. And his new book will come out next week.
W: Great! I’ve got to get one as soon as it’s out.听力题难题例
When is the man checking in? (2002)
A. Friday B. Thursday. C. Tuesday.*
W: Good morning. Can I help you?
M: Yes. I’d like a double room.
W: How many nights do you plan to stay with us?
M: Three. I’ll be checking out Friday morning.单项选择题难题例1. Most animals have little connection with ____ animals of ____ different kind unless they kill them for food. (2000)
A. the；a B. 不填；a*
C. the；the D. 不填；the2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year. (2000)
A. carried out* B. carrying out
C. carry out D. to carry out3. We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it _____ very well. (2001)
A. worked out* B. tried out
C. went on D. carried on
--- Is John coming by train? --- He should, but he _____ not．He likes driving? his car． （2002）
??? A．must? B．can???
C．need? D．may* --- I‘m taking my driving test tomorrow． --- _____! （2002）
?
A．Cheers?? B．Good luck ?C．Come on? D．Congratulations 完形填空难题例完形填空测量学生在阅读过程中对语篇的理解能力
需要综合的知识面（我国和世界的政治、经济、科技等生活文化知识）
需要丰富的词汇知识和运用词汇理解的能力完形填空的选用语篇类型记叙文
说明文
议论文
混合类型
情节链
意义、观点链
语言结构链Several factors make a good newspaper story. First--- obviously --- it must be new. But since TV can react to events quickly, this is often a problem for 1 . They usually respond to it in one of three ways.
By providing 2 detail, comment or back-ground information.
By finding a new 3 on the day’s major stories.
By printing completely different stories which TV doesn’t broadcast.A. newspapers
B. publications
C. reporters
D. broadcasters
A. extra B. available
C. inaccessible
D. memorable
A. direction B. look
C. angle D. sectionWhat else? Well --- it also has to be 4 . People don’t want to read about ordinary, everyday life. Because of this, many stories 5 some kind of conflict or danger. This is one reason why so much news seems to be 6 news. “Plane lands safely --- no-one hurt” doesn’t sell news-papers. “Plane 7 ----200 feared dead!” does. A. tragic B. dramatic
C. professional
D. sensitive
A. quote B. neglect
C. increase
D. involve
A. good B. bad
C. exciting
D. informative
A. crashes B. bumps
C. strikes D. dropsI played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most __________ and tiring games I've ever had. When Ed first phoned and __________ we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an __________ victory. After all, Ed's idea of __________ has always been nothing more _______________ than lifting a fork to his mouth. ___________ I can remember, Ed's been the least physically fit member in the family, and __________ proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although the family often __________ about that, Ed refused to buy a __________ T-shirt or to lose weight. surprisingsuggestedeasyexerciseeffort-makingAs long asstrangelyjokedlargerSo when Ed __________ for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly __________, I was so surprised that I was _____________ My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. ____________, at the point in our game when I' d have predicted（预计）the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was __________ 7 to 9 - and Ed was __________. The sudden realization was painful. arrivednoticespeechlessAs a resultinsteadleadingWe ___________ to play like two mad men. When the score was 16 up, I was having serious __________ about staying alive until 21 years old, let alone __________ that many points. When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired to __________. In a way, I think we both won: I the game, but cousin Ed my __________.
continueddoubtsscoringmoverespect阅读理解能力主要从七个方面反映到所设计的试题上： 1．对文章的话题的了解； 2．对文章的主旨要义的把握； 3．熟悉文章的细节； 4．明了文章的结构； 5．理解作者的意图、观点和态度； 6．根据上下文猜测词义、语义； 7．逻辑推理、判断。阅读难题例阅读理解题的干扰项的设置具有一定的迷惑性，起干扰作用。它不仅能检测出考生理解、概括、推断等逻辑思维的精确性、深刻性，而且对考生个性心理品质也是一种检验，干扰项的干扰性一般在如下五个方面： 1．脱离原文； 2．以偏概全； 3．扩缩范围； 4．偷换概念； 5．正误并存。 C Tales From Animal Hospital David Grant David Grant has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital. Here Dr Grant tells us the very best of his personal stories about the animals he has treated, including familiar patients such as the dogs Snowy and Duchess, the delightful cat Marigold Serendipity Diamond. He also takes the reader behind the scenes at Harmsworth Memorial Animal Hospital as he describes his day, from ordinary medical check-ups to surgery (外科手术) ? Tales From Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet, whether it be cat, dog or snake! ￡ 14.99 Hardback 272pp ISBN 0751304417 What is Animal Hospital?
A. A news story.
B. A popular book. C. A research report.
D. A TV programme.*Treasure hunts (寻宝) have excited people' s imagination for hundreds of years both in real life and in books such as Robert Louis Stevenson' s Treasure Island. Kit Williams, a modern writer, had the idea of combining the real excitement of a treasure hunt with clues (线索) found in a book when he wrote a children' story, Masquerade, in 1979. The book was about a hare, and a month before it came out Williams buried a gold hare in a park in Bedfordshire. The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of "red herrings", or false clues, to mislead them.
67. The underlined word "them" (paragraph 1 ) refers to _____. A. red herrings B. treasure hunts C. Henry VIII's six wives D. readers of Masquerade*Ken Roberts, the man who found the hare, had been looking for it for nearly two years. Al- though he had been searching in the wrong area most of the time, he found it by logic (逻辑), not by luck. His success came from the fact that he had gained an important clue at the start. He had realized that the words: "One of Six to Eight" under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII's six wives. Even here, however, Williams had succeeded in misleading him. Ken knew that Katherine of Aragon had died at Kimbolton in Cambridgeshire in 1536 and thought that Williams had buried the hare there. He had been digging there for over a year before a new idea occurred to him. He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill, in Bedfordshire, and thought that he must have buried the hare in a place he knew well, but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773. Even then his search had not come to an end. It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross that he decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was wasting his time there. Williams encouraged him to continue, and on February 24th 1982, he found the treasure. It was worth ?3000 in the beginning, but the excitement it had caused since its burial made it much more valuable.68. What is the most important clue in the story to help Ken Roberts find the hare? A. Two stone crosses in Ampthill.
B. Stevenson's Treasure Island. C. Katherine of Aragon.*
D. Williams' hometown.
69. The stone crosses in Ampthill were built _____. A. to tell about what happened in 1773
B. to show respect for Henry VIII' s first wife* C. to serve as a roadsign in Ampthill Park
D. to inform people where the gold hare was70. Which of the following describes Roberts' logic in searching for the hare? a. Henry VIII' s six wives b. Katherine's burial place at Kimbolton c. Williams' childhood in Ampthill d. Katherine of Aragon e. stone crosses in Ampthill Park A. a -b- c- e- d B. d- b- c- e- a C. a- d- b- c- e* D. b- a- e- c- d
71. What is the subject discussed in the text? A. An exciting historical event.
B. A modem treasure hunt.* C. The attraction of Masquerade.
D. The importance of logical thinking. (2002)书面表达新题型2007年
山东卷
广东卷
湖南卷
等省市
前几年
北京、上海、江苏等省市任务型阅读写的目标八级
*1.能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；
2.能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告；
3.能写出语义连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；
4.能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。
题目要求
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
注意：每空格1个单词，不得用文章中的单词。
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
注意：每空不超过6个单词。文章后图表形式
流程图
表格（合1，分2）
蜘蛛图Tips for task-based readingsUnderstand and get clear about the requirement of the problem;
Read and understand the article;
Understand and get clear about the chart and its structure, relationship between each part and the tasks to be fulfilled;
Vocabulary needed for the blanks:
Synonyms, antonyms, suffix and prefix, part of speech, etc.Handwriting recognizable
Capital letters where necessary
Forms of words used in the blank
…词汇问题2000 3500 + 400～500词汇学习和复习内容 1、? 词义、词性、词形变化
2、 多义词（不同搭配）
3、? 须与其他词辨析的词
4、? 易用错的词
5、? 搭配（动词、形容词、介词等）
6、? 关联词
7、? 构词
8、? 拼写词汇学习的层次 1、记忆 1）词汇语境意义 2）词汇语法意义 2、辨析 3、运用 练习形式 1、听写（词、句、文） 2、完成句子 3、造句 4、完形填空 5、翻译
6、任务型阅读
7、作文写作试题变化趋势试题内容
1）内容贴近现实生活、贴近学生生活实际；
2）体现地方特色。
试题形式
1）多样化
2）读写结合（输入输出；理解概括重组）
3）议论成分增加
试题提示
1）给了学生更大的表达空间，
2）要求学生去思考和审题。写作训练要求建议夯实词汇基础
强化基本句型
加强关联词的应用练习
从而学会：
使用较高级的词汇
使用较丰富的句式
使用恰当的关联词写作训练方法建议形式文体，训练多样.
听写结合
读写结合
限时作文
自评、互评与面评相结合；
严格要求，规范操作；
经典背诵了解评分标准内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性；
拼写和标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，会影响交际；
书写较差，会影响交际。
分成五档（5分一档）模块举例模块一、Teenage experiences
School life
Growing pains
Looking good, feeling good
模块二、Making discoveries
Tales of the unexplained
Wish you were here
Amazing people模块三、Broadening horizons
The world of our senses
Language
Back to the past
模块四、Modern life
Advertising
Sporting events
Tomorrow’s world模块五、Balance and harmony
Getting along with others
The environment
Science versus nature
模块六、Making a better world
Laughter is good for you
What is happiness to you?
Understanding each other
Helping people around the world模块七、Improving our lives
Living with technology
Fit for life
The world online
Public transport
模块八、Appreciating literature and art
The written world
The universal language
The world of colours and light
Films and film events模块九、Communicating with other cultures
Other countries, other cultures
Witnessing time
The meaning of colour
Behind beliefs
模块十、Understanding society
Building the future
People on the move
Protecting ourselves
Law and order模块十一、
测验后该做什么？知识（词汇、语法等）补缺
技能（听、读、写）熟练
提高综合运用能力
答题规范
改进方面
答题时间
了解评分标准
收集典型错题
与老师交谈
复习策略和方法的调整时间信息答题参考时间
听力 20分钟
单项选择 10分钟÷15≈0.7
完形填空 20分钟÷20＝1
阅读理解 30分钟÷15＝2
任务型阅读 15分钟
写作 25分钟高三第二阶段英语学习复习的建议目标：知识补缺，技能熟练，能力优化。
明确任务（阶段）
熟练掌握所学词汇、短语、习惯用法（意义、用法）
做到能灵活运用所学的语法和语言知识（意义、用法）
话题
坚持听力练习
加强阅读理解和完形填空练习
强化书面表达的规范意识和操作
建立整卷意识（时间分配、难易题取舍等）
在总结和分析的基础上做题*** Thank you
for
being with me!课件10张PPT。 研读新《要求》，强化第二卷
２００８江苏考试说明根据所给提示与要求进行书面表达．考生的表达能力应能：
１．在一定的语境中准确使用英语语法和词汇；
２．使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地用英语表达自己的意思。 语言技能目标描述及教学建议（八级） 《江苏省教学要求》-------写作技能目标:
1. 能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；
2. 能利用文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告;
3. 能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；
4. 能在写作中做到文体规范，语句通顺。
教学要求:
1.要求学生能正确、清楚地表述事实、观点、情感，并能在写作中运用合理的想象力。
2. 帮助学生掌握写作技巧（整理思路、组织素材、规划文章结构、列出提纲、起草文章、组织语言、遣词造句、修改文章、正确运用标点符号和大小写）。
3. 要求学生写好文章后能自我修改和相互修改。
4. 帮助学生掌握各类体裁（如，记叙文、应用文、议论文和说明文）的写作技巧。
书面表达：
几十年高考下来，作文很难有什么新题目再考。近年全国各地高考作文主要是三大类----图示类、表格类和信息提示类。无论是哪类题型都需要适当地、有步骤地训练，从点到句再到段，注意衔接和行文流畅，注意各种文体的风格、格式和习惯用语。
在书面表达的训练中，首先要注意积累一定量的短语、习惯表达法和精彩句式，以避免Chinese English的现象。 背诵一定量的范文或不同体裁的惯用句型，目的是强化正确意识和表达地道。2007江苏高考英语作文
2007年4月29日上午10点到11点，全国亿万学生阳光体育活动在各地大中小学校同时进行，江苏省1，100万学生积极参与了这项活动。
教育部倡导学生：
每天锻炼一小时
健康工作五十年
幸福生活一辈子
请你根据以上提示，用英语准备一份发言稿，向同学们讲述一下阳光体育活动的有关情况，并就高三学生是否需要每天花一小时锻炼，谈谈你的看法及理由。注意：
发言稿应包括以上所有信息，要有适当发挥。
词数：120左右。发言稿的开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：阳光体育活动——a national student sports program;
教育部——the Ministry of Education
Good afternoon, everyone,
____________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
考生常见错误2007年4月29日上午10点到11点
On the morning of April 29, 2007, from 10:00 to 11:00
致命的错误－－－开头
In the morning of April 29,2007, at 10:00 to 11:00课件10张PPT。发挥空间：
请你根据以上提示，用英语准备一份发言稿，向同学们讲述一下阳光体育活动的有关情况，并就高三学生是否需要每天花一小时锻炼，谈谈你的看法及理由。
１.正确观点的把握
Personally, I think it a good idea for us senior 3 students to have daily exercise.
２．积极的态度表现
Taking exercise helps us build up our body and keep a clear mind.
３．简要的发言总结
Therefore, we can work more efficiently.
宏观把握上的错误
１．没有把握体裁要求 －发言稿
What do you think of these students? I understand them. They have to…
2. 没有布局和设计
背景与形势
活动与效果
观点与评价
3. 观点态度不明
Some students…, but other students…
Most of the students study all day long . They have no time to…
附图1234图1 It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000. I was walking along Park Road 图2A car hit the man while he was crossing the road.图3I noticed the driver was a young woman and the car was yellow.图4AC864The car number was AC864. It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an old man came out of the park on the other side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road. He fell with a cry.The car did’t stop and drove off at great speed heading west. I noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was AC864. About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.
Li Hua
课件10张PPT。 Ma Xiaohu was very careless and often made mistakes in his homework, which made his teacher very angry. One day his teacher had Xiaohu ask his father, Ma Dahua, to sign his name in his exercise book.
On his way home, thinking he would be beaten/punished again by his father, Xiaohu felt very worried. Suddenly a good idea occurred to him. As soon as he got home. He covered his eyes with a piece of cloth and kept writing the word “MaXiaohu” on a piece of paper. He asked his father whether he could do it as he was doing. His father did so. Seeing this, Xiaohu hurriedly put his exercise book under his father’s pen and got his signature. When his father took off the cloth, Xiaohu had already put the exercise book back into his school bag. Maybe the teacher’s aim was to ask for parents’ help with children’s study, but things went to the opposite. I think the teacher should help Xiaohu with his study . He should try to communicate with Xiaohu and his parents to improve his study. 存在问题 1. 时态与所给首句不一致
2. set an example to
play a game with 不会运用
3. without sight
4. with a cloth covered his eyes
5. struck him
6. like he did
7. his bottom (buttocks buns rear arse ass)书面表达答题要求：
一、审题： 弄清题目要求、写作意图，确定体裁（日记、书信、通知、讲演稿、启事、致辞等），明确人称，构建框架层次，拟写标题（有的不作要求）。二、要点内容表达准确。高考作文评分最高档次（21—25分），要求 “覆盖所有内容要点”。
1.先列出要点，再扩展句子。
2.尽量选择自己最熟悉的、最有把握的词语和句子。
3.避免词汇、句式单调乏味的重复。三、语言连贯、得体，条理清楚，结构紧凑
高考作文评分最高档次（21—25分）关于 ”上下文连贯“的要求是 ”有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。课件11张PPT。转折：but, however, or, otherwise, though, on the contrary …
2.对比：while, in the same way, on one hand… on the other (hand),
Instead…;
3.时间或动作：first, next then, later, after that, finally…; for one thing… for another (thing)
4.总结： in general, generally speaking, in a word, in short, after all, in all, in brief, above四、书写
高考评分标准中明确指出，“如书写较差，将分数降低一个档次。”
1.确保25分钟的写作时间。
2.先草稿后誊抄。
3.字迹工整、布局美观。教学建议１．每周１－２篇
２．批改（可以互改，最好面批）
３．要求卷面质量2008年各地高考英语作文热点话题词汇预测话题一：中学生的爱好与兴趣
Spare time(业余时间), favorite(最喜欢的), Interest(兴趣), hobby(爱好), appetite(嗜好),taste(口味), read novels(也小说), play football/basketball(打足球/篮球), surf the internet(上网), chat online(在线聊天), play games(玩游戏), collect stamps(集邮), make e-friends(交网友), climb mountains(爬山), watch TV(看电视), enjoy popular music(喜欢流行音乐),be interested in(对…感兴趣), develop an interest in(在…方面发展兴趣), be fond of(喜欢…),be keen on(喜欢…), have love for(喜爱…), have a taste in(对…有兴趣) 等。 话题二：劳动与劳动观念
Work(工作), be at work(在工作), work hard(努力工作), produce(生产), worker(工人), labor force(劳动力), labor(劳动), voluntary labor(义务劳动)，serve the people(为人民服务)，heart and soul(全心全意)，physical labor(体力劳动), mental labor(脑力劳动), labor viewpoint(劳动观念), labor Day(劳动节), workday(工作日), means of labor(劳动方式), honorable(光荣的), be devoted to(奉献于..), value(价值), earn money(赚钱) , personal interests(个人利益)等。 话题三：创建和谐社会
harmonious(和谐的), friendly(友好的), civilized(文明的), honest(真诚的), credible (诚信的), be public-spirited(有公德心的), balanced(平衡的), be in order(有序的), peaceful(和平的), live in harmony(生活和谐), sustainable development(可持续发展)等，help each ether(互助), care for each other(互相关心), have deep love for (热爱), be concerned with (关心), build(创建), cherish(珍惜), take an active part in(积极参与), pay attention to social moral(讲究社会公德), protect the environment(保护环境), save energy(节省能源)等。No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。…can be achieved by hard wok. …可以通过劳动获得。It is difficult to find work in the present situation. 在当前形势下，很难找到工作。It is honorable to … …是光荣的。If everyone … for others and the society, our world will be …如果每个人为他人和社会做…， 我们这个世界将会…。Every one should … and devotes himself to building our motherland into a strong country.每个人应该 …，为把我们祖国建设成为一个强壮的国家而奉献自己的力量。 话题四：招聘与求职
employ(雇佣), look for(寻找), take in(吸纳), full-time(全职的), part-time(兼职的), well-paid(薪水高的), be paid by the hour(按小时发工资), requirement(要求), résumé(个人履历),schooling(受教育情况), subjects(课程), working experience(工作经历), qualification(合格证明), trans cript (成绩单), health(健康状况), present address(现在通讯地址)等，apply for(申请…), graduate from(毕业于), major in(以…为专业), degree(学位), scholarship(奖学金), good grades(良好的成绩), hobby(爱好), favorite(最喜欢的), be skilled in(在…方面熟练), be good at(擅长…), experienced(有经验的), confident(自信的), English and computer ability(英语和计算机能力), healthy(健康的)等。 话题五：中学生的健康问题
Physical and mental condition(身体与精神状态), strong(强壮的), un/healthy(不健康/健康的), overweight/fat(肥胖的), thin(瘦的), near/short-sighted(近视的), mentally unhealthy(精神不健全的), normal(正常的), abnormal(不正常的), energetic(精力旺盛的), unhealthy eating habit(不健康的饮食习惯), eat much junk food (吃太多的垃圾食品)等，Stay/keep healthy/fit(保持健康), build up one’s body/ improve one’s’ health(强身健体), enough sleep(充足的睡眠), take regular exercise(进行有规律的运动), roper diet(合理的饮食), good living habits(良好的生活习惯), lose weight(减肥), remove heavy burdens(减轻负担), be good for/do good to(对…有益处), nutrition(营养), go on diet(节食), form a … eating habit(养成一个…的饮食习惯) Breathe in as much fresh air等。话题六：环境保护
Pollute（污染），Waste is scattering here and there.（到处撒满了废弃物），protect the environment(保护环境) ，send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air（散发出烟和有毒气体），cut down trees(砍伐树木)， pour waste water into the rivers（把废水注入河流），It is a shame to throw rubbish around. （乱扔垃圾是可耻的），form good habits to protect the surroundings（养成良好的习惯来保护环境）， take active measures to protect rare animals(采取积极措施保护稀有动物)， take good care of our forests（关心我们的森林），plant more trees to improve the environment （多植来改善环境），The terrible pollution have done great harm to us as well as to the surroundings. (可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很大的危害。) 话题七：校园文明与安全问题
School rules and regulations(学校规章制度),obey(遵守), observe(遵守), keep/observe discipline(遵守纪律), behave well(表现良好),be neatly dressed(穿戴整洁), respect one’s teachers and parents(尊敬师长), be on time(准时), keep the environment clean(保持环境干净), civilized(文明的) break the rules(违反规章制度), discipline(纪律), spit(吐痰), throw rubbish everywhere(乱扔垃圾), cheat in the exam(考试作弊), get in line (插队), fight with sb.(与…打架), punish sb. for (因…处罚某人)等。The students are told not to break any of the rules of the school. 学校要求学生不要违反任何规章制度。The students are expected to … 学校期望学生…。It must be made clear that the students should … 必须明确的一点是，学生应该…。 … is of no good to a friendly and harmonious society. …对创建友好和谐的社会是毫无益处的。It is honorable to obey the principles and rules of our school.遵守学校的规章制度是光荣的。It is worthy of praise to ... …是值得表扬的。It is shameful to … …是可耻的。What we should do is that … 我们应该做的事情是… 话题八：友谊
get to know sb.(认识某人), know sb. really well(熟知某人), make friends with sb.(和某人交朋友), a strong personality (一个很强的个性), personal matters(隐私), friendship(友谊), friendly(友好的), a close friend(一个亲密的朋友), trust each other (相互信任), precious(珍贵的), worthy(有价值的), understanding(通情达理的), share …with sb.(与…分享…), be loyal to(对…忠诚), keep in touch with sb. (与…保持联系), keep company with sb.(和…结交), stay best friends with sb. (和…保持很好的友谊)等。 课件45张PPT。 2008年
新高考英语复习策略
单选部分一、语言知识点
命题角度、复习对策
二、阅读理解
命题方法、解题方法、常见问题
三、任务型阅读
命题特点、训练方法二、考试内容的变化
1. 总词汇量增加：
2007年《考试说明》：2500个左右的英语词汇与相关词组。
2008年《考试说明》： 3500个英语单词和400～500个习惯用语或固定搭配。
2. 增添任务型阅读。
3. 书面表达字数增加：
120词左右 → 150词左右。 三、语言知识点复习的必要性
1. 是达到《英语课程标准（试行稿）》和《江苏省普通高中课程标准教学要求》要求的需要；
2.是提升学生综合运用语言知识能力的需要;
3. 是提高高考英语成绩的需要：
●单项选择 15分；●完形填空20
●任务型阅读10分 ●书面表达25
分。
1. 利用知识点的常用规则考查：
At the end of the meeting, it was
announced that an agreement __.
（2007江苏）
has been reached
B. had been reached
C. has reached
D. had reached 3. 利用学生学习的难点考查：
— She looks very happy. She __
have passed the exam.
— I guess so. It’s not difficult
after all.（2007江苏）
should B. could
C. must D. might4. 利用学生容易疏漏的知识点考查：
He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them __ in his lectures.（2007江苏）
A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest5. 利用学生混淆不清的知识点考查：
My most famous relative of all,
__ who really left his mark on
America, was Reb Sussel, my
great-grandfather. （2006江苏）
A. one B. the one
C. he D. someone6. 利用学生的思维定势考查：
— __ you __ him around the museum yet?
— Yes. We had a great time there.（2007江苏）
A. Have; shown B. Do; show
C. Had; shown D. Did; show
7. 利用语言、文化差异考查：
He found it increasingly difficult
to read, ___ his eyesight was
beginning to fail.（2006北京）
A. and B. for
C. but D. or
1. 冠词（4点）
除复习冠词的基本用法外，其“例外”用法值得注意。
1). 表示“某一”的意思时，专有名词及月份、星期的名词前用a或an。例如：
2). a / an + 名词 + 修饰性的定语从句或介词短语。例如：
Mrs. Taylor has __ 8-year-old daughter who has __ gift for painting — she has won two national prizes.（2005浙江）
a; a B. an; the
C. an; a D. the; a 又如：
For him ____ stage is just ___ means of making a living. (2006山东)
a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the
3). 在句中第一次出现的名词不等于不特指，完全看语境的暗示。例如：
— I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over __ keyboard.
— You shouldn’t put drinks near __ computer. (2006北京)
A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a The stage 影员职业; go on the stage 从事影艺职业; on stage 在演出4). music、nature、society前通常不用冠词，除非特指。例如：
I know you don’t like __ music very much. But what do you think of __ music in the film we saw yesterday? (2006全国III)
/; / B. the; the
C. the; / D. /; the
2. 形容词、副词（3点）
1). 几个形容词作定语的排序问题。
理论上若干形容词可共同作一个名词的定语，其排列顺序是：描绘形容词+大小(长短高低)形容词+形状形容词+年龄(新旧)形容词+颜色形容词+国籍形容词+材料形容词+用途(类别)形容词+名词。
例如：
This __ girl is Lind’s cousin. (2005北京)
A. pretty little Spanish
B. Spanish little pretty
C. Spanish pretty little
D. little pretty Spanish
2) . 绝不能忽略less、least及
worse, worst等表示“更少”、
“最少”、“更糟”、“最糟”等概念
的比较级和最高级的使用。例
如：
Alan is a careful driver, but he drives ___ of my friends.（2007上海）
more carefully B. the most carefully
C. less carefully D. the least carefully3). cannot…too…无论……也不过分 / cannot…more…再……不过了。例如：
— Must I turn off the gas after cooking ?
— Of course . You can never be ___ careful with that. (2005江西)
enough B. too C. so D. very
— Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?
— __. I love getting close to nature. (2004福建)
A. I couldn’t agree more B. I’m afraid not
C. I believe not D. I don’t think so 例如：
I’d appreciate __ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (2006山东)
A. that B. it C. this D. you
又如：
I hate __ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET1998)
A. it B. that C. these D. them
2). one、the one都可以作同位语。被说明的名词为特指时，同位语用the one，反之则用one。例如：
My most famous relative of all, ___ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great grandfather.（2006江苏）
one B. the one
C. he D. someone
4. 动词的时态（4点）
1). 时间、条件状语从句中的谓语动词可以用完成时替代将来时。例如：
— __ leave at the end of this month.
— I don’t think you should do that until __ another job. (2006北京)
I’m going to; you’d found
B. I’m going to; you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll find
D. I’ll ; you’d find 2). 一般过去时可以与段时间连用。例如：
I ___ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.（2006重庆）
A. lived B. was living
C. have lived D. had lived
3). It is / was the first / second … time + 完成时。例如：
— Do you know our town at all??
— No, this is the first time I ___ here. (NMET91)
was B. have been
C. came D. am coming 4). 表示思维的动词，如：think、
want、hope、plan、intend、
mean、suppose等可以用过去完
成时或一般过去时表示事与愿违的
情况。例如：
— Ouch! You hurt me!
— I am sorry. But I __ any harm. I __ to drive a rat out.（2007江西）
didn’t mean; tried
B. don’t mean; am trying
C. haven’t meant; tried
D. didn’t mean; was trying 6. 情态动词（2点）
1). 表示猜测、推测：
● must用在肯定句中；
● can, could用在疑问句中；
● may, might, can, could用在肯定句或否定句中。may、might侧重从事实的角度做出猜测，而can、could则侧重从逻辑角度做出猜测。
例如：
Helen __ go on the trip with us, but she
isn’t quite sure yet. （2005安徽）
shall B. must C. may D. can
又如：
— I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
— It __ Harry’s. He always wears green. (2005广东)
has to be B. will be
C. mustn’t be D. could be 2). 表示埋怨、责怪：
● should (not) + have done
● ought (not) to + have done
● could + have done
● needn’t + have done
例如：
— My cat’s really fat.
— You __ have given her so much food.（2007浙江）
wouldn’t B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 例如：
There have been several new
events __ to the program for
the 2008 Beijing Olympic
Games. (2006北京)
A. add B. to add
C. adding D. added 又如：
Don't sit there __ nothing. Come
and help me with this table.
（2006湖北)
A. do B. to do
C. doing D. and doing 2). 非谓语动词的时间差
● to do表示经常、将要或正在进行的动作，to be doing强调正在进行, to have done则表示已经发生的动作。
●doing表示经常或正在进行的动作，having done表示已经完成的动作。
●done表示已经完成的动作。
例如：
__ this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. (2006广东)
A. Having made B. Make
C. To make D. Making
再如：
After he became conscious，he remembered __ and __on the head with a rod (2006江西)
A. to attack; hit
B．to be attacked；to be hit
C. attacking；be hit
D. having been attacked；hit3). 独立主格结构
●独立主格结构的构成形式；
●独立主格结构的逻辑主语。
例如：
The children went home from the
grammar school, their lessons __ for the
day. （2007重庆）
A. finishing B. finished
C. had finished D. were finished
又如：
John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ___, he gladly accepted it.（2007安徽）
A. finished B. finishing
C. having finished D. was finished
再如：
— Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down.（2007福建）
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 4). 非谓语动词作状语为已知条件，在选择句子时，要考虑句子的主语与非谓语动词的逻辑关系。例如：
Faced with a bill for $10,000, __. (2006全国II)
A. John has taken an extra job
B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. an extra job has been given to John 5). 下列动词短语中的to为介词：object to be / get used to
be dedicated to（专注于）
be devoted to look forward to contribute to pay attention to
be adjusted to（适应于）
be adapted to（适合于）
get down to
stick to prefer … to例如：
Isn’t it time you got down to?__ the papers?（2006重庆） A. mark B. be marked
C. being marked D. marking
6). 现在分词、不定式都可以作结果状语的区别。例如：
He hurried to the booking office only ___
that all the tickets had been sold out. (2006全国II)
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
又如：
We often provide our children with toys,
footballs or basketballs, ___ that all
children like these things. (2006全国III)
thinking B. think
C. to think D. thought 7). need / want / require / deserve + doing / to be done
例如：
As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area ___.（2007陕西）
A. need repairing
B. needs to repair
C. needs repairing
D. need to repair3). what不能引导定语从句。例如：
You can only be sure of ___ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ___ you might get in the future.（2007安徽）
A. that; what B. what; /
C. which; that D. /; that 4). as、which在引导非限定性定语从句时的异同点。例如：
The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ___ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.（2006江苏）
A. who B. that C. as D. which 5). where可以引导地点状语从句。例如：
— Mom, what did your doctor say? — He advised me to live?___ the air is fresher. (2006四川) A. in where B. in which
C. the place where D. where
又如：
If you are traveling ___ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.（2006天津）
A. in which B. what C. when D. where 6). 当先行词是situation、point、case时，定语从句由关系副词where引导。例如：
After graduation she reached a point in her career ___ she needed to decide what to do.（2007江西）
A. that B. what C. which D. where
又如：
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.（2007陕西）
A. which B. as C. why D. where 11. 句型（9个）
1. It is…that / who…
2. It is…before…
3. It is…since…
4. It’s the first / second… time…
5. It is not until…that …6. It’s time …
7. 祈使句+or / otherwise+陈述句
8. 祈使句+and+陈述句
9. 表示“倍数”的常用句型：
A is …times as+原级+as B
A is … times + the +名词+of B
A is …times +比较级+ than B课件40张PPT。阅 读 理 解与任务型阅读 1 阅读理解
2008年高考江苏省考试大纲对英语阅读作了以下说明1-6：
1. 理解语篇主旨大意；
2. 理解文中具体信息；
3. 根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义；
4. 作出简单的判断和推理；
5. 理解文章的基本结构；
6. 理解作者的观点、意图和态度(深层推理)。
1高三后期的复习教学中，令大部分考生最困惑的依然然是阅读理解，某种程度上说，阅读理解的好坏直接反映出考生的水平，或者说阅读理解能力的高低决定着高考的成败。而阅读理解中考生经常出错的不外乎两类题型，即推理判断题和主旨大意题。在测试中，这两类试题相对于细节题和词义题来说得分率偏低（见下表）。 1 四类题型中正确选项与干扰项目的特点1 1. 细节题
正确答案的特点：
与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。
干扰选项的特点1-5：
1. 是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；
2. 符合常识，但不符合原文内容；
3. 与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；
4. 选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；
5. 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。1例如：
For Norman Bethune, saving lives was the most important thing in the world.
Norman Bethune thought that __.
A. he himself was a famous doctor in
the world
B. he could only save lives because he
was a doctor
C. saving lives was more important
than any other thing for him
D. in the world, he should do nothing
but save lives1 2. 判断、推断题
判断推理的题目中常含有infer、imply词汇等。
干扰项的特点1-2：
1. 将文章中的已知信息作为干扰项；
2. 将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。1例如：
I was reading a book at home when my mobile phone rang. On the phone’s screen was an unfamiliar number starting with a 0712, which meant the call was from Nagpur.
1. From the beginning of the story, we can infer that ___.
A. the writer was at home, reading carefully
B. the writer was unfamiliar with the area
code — 0712
C. the writer’s father lived in Nagpur and often
chatted with him
D. the writer was not familiar with the number
starting with a 07121 3. 词义题
词、短语意思的猜测主要依据它所在段落的内容进行。如果该段落比较短，信息量不足，那么与之相邻的上下两个段落的内容则是猜词义的重要依据。具体方法为：
1. 猜测名词含义，要注意相关段落中名词的含义。例如: 1 However, men quickly found more convenient
and reliable ways of telling the time. They
learned to use the shadows cast by the sun.
They marked the hours on candles, used sand
in hour- glasses, and invented water-clocks.
Indeed, any serious student of antique should
spend as much time as possible visiting palaces,
stately homes and museums to see some of the
finest examples of clocks from the past. （2007
广东）
What does the “stately homes” refer to ___?
A. state-owned houses B. houses in very good
condition C. grand houses open to the public
D. houses where statesmen meet regularly庄严的 堂皇的1 2. 猜测动词或动词短语的含义，要注意相关段落中动词的含义。
1 Many years ago, when I was fresh out of
school and working in Denver, I was driving to
my parents’ home in Missouri for Christmas. I
stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from
Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop
and visit a friend...
I took off, but had gone only a few miles
when black smoke poured from the back of my
car. I stopped and wondered what I should do.
（2006全国I）
The words “took off” underlined in Paragraph 2
mean “_____”.
turned off B. moved off
C. put up D. set up
脱去, 起飞,成功,休假, 模仿, 突然离开1 A small town in southwest Britain is banning
plastic bags in an attempt to help the
environment and cut waste － a step that
environmentalists believe is a first for Europe.
Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1,500,
agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic
bags to customers on Saturday. They said
paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be
offered instead.（2007福建）
The underlined word “disposable” in the
passage probably means __.
A. acceptable B. valuable
C. throw-away D. long-lasting用后丢弃的1 4. 猜测句意
正确答案的特点：
1. 与原句含义相同，但表达手法不同；
2. 是原句意思的高度概括。
干扰项也有一些特点：
1. 干扰项往往是片面的，不能涵盖原句的全部意思；
2. 干扰项中的某个成分，如时间、地点等与原句存在出入；
3. 干扰项与原句意思完全不符。1被猜测句子的特点：
该句子往往是前语境的结果或结论。
例如：1 5.揣摩作者态度、意图
正确答案的特点1-3：
1) 是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的同义、近义句；
2) 是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的升华；
3) 是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的概括。1 其干扰项的特点为1-3：
1) 是作者在文章中所批驳的观点；
2) 是文章里所提到的某个细节，但并非作者的态度或意图；
3) 是文章中根本未提及的内容。
1例如:
I recently turned fifty, which is young for a tree, midlife for an elephant, and ancient for a sportsman. Fifty is a nice number for the states in the US or for a national speed limit, but it is not a number that I was prepared to have hung on me. Fifty is supposed to be my father’s age, but now I am stuck with this number and everything it means.
The author seems to tell us in Paragraph 1 that _____.（2007天津）
A. time alone will tell
B. time goes by quickly
C. time will show what is right
D. time makes one forget the past1 6. 确定最佳标题
依据短文的主题句确定短文的最佳标题。确定最佳标题的三个原则：
1) 对文章内容能高度概括；
2) 用词精炼；
3) 在上述两个特点都具备的前提下， 标题还应做到能吸引读者注意力。 17. 阅读理解“通病” (4点)
1) 概念扩大或缩小化。概念扩大或
缩小化是指在选择理解题时把在概
念范围上比原文概念要大的或小的
选项作为正确答案。
例如：He brought many medical supplies with him. He had to be very careful on his long journey to the north because he had to go through Guomindang territory.
(误) On the way to the north, he brought all medical supplies.
(误) He brought few of the medical supplies with him on the way to the north.12. 概念人为化
概念人为化是指在做阅读理解题时，我们根据自己的想法、体验等确定答案。
例如：1One of the places of interest in Beijing is the Summer Palace. Cixi had it built in 1888. A small lake called Kunming is part of this beautiful palace. Even today, thousands of people come to the Summer Palace to enjoy the peaceful surroundings and scenery.
Why do people like to go to the Summer Palace?
（误） To appreciate important art works.13. 概念直白化
在阅读理解中有一类题目需要我们推断，即infer。这类题目的错误率很高。概念直白化是指将需要推断的题目错选为文章内讲述得明明白白、完全不需要推断的选项。
14. 概念僵硬化
概念僵硬化是指将与原文文字最靠近的选项简单机械地视为正确答案。1任务型阅读 11. 要求：考生要根据阅读文提供的信息，用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表。所填词语有一定字数的限制。
12、“任务型阅读”，主要考查何种能力？捕捉信息能力：属基础题。
组织信息能力：属活用题。
综合概括信息能力：属概括题。 1 3. 阅读文篇幅：2007高考英语江苏卷E篇为424词。任务型阅读的三篇范文的词数分别为：396 / 347 / 438。
4. 建议阅读原文时间：6-7分钟。
5. 动笔做题前要做到：两个读懂——读懂原文、读懂表格。6. 命题特点：
（1）需要填写信息的句子大多是原句的同义句。例如：
Today, the Internet connects millions of computers around the globe, making a worldwide exchange of information possible.
We can __（exchange）information throughout the world, because the internet can connect millions of computers. 7. 填词的关键 1-3：
（1）原文出现过的单词，要注意词性和词形的变化。
1Why taking a gap year is worthwhile:
for the (1)________you can do in the (2)_______in which you work
for your own personal (3)________
(4)____________between taking a gap year and going to universities:
both develop your personal(5)________,
social skills, the ability to cope on your own,
your (6)______of experiences and (7)________understanding
…
Fears and concerns:
…. Taking a gap year and going to university offer valuable experience in similar ways:…（词性转换）Similarities1（2）所需填写的单词，有的在原文中已经出现，有的则在原文没有出现。(同义词或反义词较多)
如: the cause of the accident
the _____for the accident（3）原文中找不到合适的词语，则要根据语境填词。例如：
… E-mail has also changed the speed with which we exchange information.
It has also enables us to exchange information at __（higher) speed than traditional communicative methods.
注意上下文语境
又如：
However, there is one big disadvantages when you use e-mail.
___(Despite) the advantages, we should be careful when using it. in spite of 8. 复习建议 1-3 1（1）给出汉语意思，单句缺词填空。此练习可以增强学生对单词词性、词形的变化意识。例如：
Thanks to e-mail, you can __（交流，沟通）with a student in London. (communicate)
又如：
___（交流，沟通）with other countries was difficult during the telephone and postal strike.（ Communication）（2）同义、近义句转换填词。此练习既可以增强学生对单词词性、词形的变化意识，同时可以提高学生的表达能力。
例如：
The Internet connects millions of computers around the globe, making a worldwide exchange of information possible.
______ millions of computers around the globe, the internet makes a world-wide exchange of information possible. （Connecting）(3) 注意逻辑关系
The Internet connects millions of computers around the globe, ___ it makes a worldwide exchange of information possible. (so)
任务型阅读模拟练习注意点 1-5
1. 阅读材料难易适度；
2. 题目设置要科学规范；
3. 注意与学生的互动，了解学生的答案，分析其正确或错误的原因;
4. 尽量在课堂上完成;
5. 特别注意表格中的大小写.1
