The environment(江苏省泰州市泰兴市)
文档属性
| 名称 | The environment(江苏省泰州市泰兴市) |  | |
| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 619.3KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2008-03-24 08:28:00 | ||
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文档简介
课件65张PPT。 The economy Unit 2 Reading or the environment must we choose? Have you ever seen a debate or even taken part in a debate?
Do you know something about debates?
Some people say that money can solve all problems, but some say knowledge .Which one do you prefer? Money or knowledge? debateWhich one will you choose?Fast readingGo through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the
three questions in part A on Page 22. Mr. Lin Shuiqing represents the environment and Mr Qian Liwei represents the economy.
2. Six times.
3. They should have to pay higher taxes. Detailed readingRead the speech a second time and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 24 1)Lin Shuiqing belongs to the Society for environmental preservation.
2)He starts his speech by talking about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.
3)They are being caught by fishing boats before they can lay eggs.
4) He thinks we should teach people about environmentally friendly ways of living,
5)Because jobs will be lost. People are more important than fish and trees.
6)We should produce more things from recycled products.
7)We need more effective laws to preserve the environment, which still allow the economy to grow.
8)Many people are willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.
Li Shuiqing 6 1 5 3 2 4
Qian Liwei 5 3 1 2 4Listening Listen to the tape and choose the best answers to the following questions:
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Lin Shuiqing’s speech?
A. Industrial waste destroyed many places and killed many places and animals.
B. Factories producing poisonous chemicals should close down.
C. Fishes died because of more than one reasons.
D. Polluted atmosphere can make human beings sick.
What can be inferred from the speech?
A. Though we caught large numbers of fish, they develop so quickly that we’// still have enough to eat.
B. It’s likely that we’ll not have enough to eat if we keep producing people rapidly.
C. Lin Shuiqing is for the idea of recycling, while Qian Liwei is against it.
D. An economist is often seen as being against the environment.
What does the sentence “People often think that economic development is bad for the environment, but this does not have to be right.”mean?
A. Economic development is good for the environment.
B. Economic development is bad for the environment.
C. Economic development is not always bad for the environment.
D. People are wrong to think economic development is bad for the environment.Fill in the table industrial waste
Many places …. Many plants and
animals …. Factories …
water pollution
Rivers are full of chemicals which flow into the sea and kill sea creatures.
fishingFishing boats catch large numbers of fish without giving then time to lay eggs.
populationThe world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800. …
production
People should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things they make and buy.
recycling
It would be beneficial to expand our recycling industry, and teach people about environmentally friendly ways of living. We may even create more jobs and help the economy at the same time.Fill in the table factories
There are many factories and industries …. The people running these factories ….
production
If we cut back on …, then jobs will be lost. People are more important then fish and trees.
recyclingWe should produce more things from recycled materials, and less from materials taken directly from the environment.
laws
We need more effective laws to preserve the environment, …. This includes more inspections to control how many trees are cut down and how many fish boats can catch.
taxesFactories … should have to pay higher taxes.
Do you think it is possible to achieve a balance between the economy and the environment?
How can this be achieved? Discussion1. We could educate people to respect and protect the environment.
2. We could urge factories that produce large amounts of waste to build a system to purify the waste and minimize the damage to the environment.
3.We could urge the government to pass stricter laws to protect the environment.
4.We could produce strict laws to preserve the environment.
5. We could create a system to deal with the waste and rubbish scientifically.Consolidation Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the reading material.TV Presenter: Mr.Lin, as an environmentalist, what,do you think, is the main reason for the earth’s being damaged?
Mr.Lin: You see,we are living in a world,w______ many places and living things have been destroyed and have died.The waste from factories goes into the a_______, making people sick and f______into rivers, k______many sea creatures.That’s the main reason,I think.
TV Presenter: Is there any other way that sea creatures are badly affected by?
Mr Lin: In a_______,Fishing boats catch a lot of fish every day and many of the sea creatures are being w______ out.here tmosphere lows illing ddition iped TV Presenter: As we can see, the world’s population is a____________ 6.5 billion, more than six times what it used to be in 1800. Without doubt, clothing, food, shelter and transportation are becoming very important to people. So, what’s your advice on whether to choose the e_______ or the environment?
Mr.Lin:It is suggested that we cut down on production and reduce the amount of commercial goods. Besides, we have to take r_______ rubbish into consideration, which helps to expand our recycling industry, teach people about e________ friendly ways of living, even create more jobs and help the economy at the same time. pproaching conomy ecycling nvironmentally Language Pointscomment:
N. [C or U]something that you say or write that expresses your opinion:评论，观点。 我不希望听到关于我新剪的发型的任何评论,谢谢！I don't want any comments on/about my new haircut, thank you! She was asked about the pay increase but made no comment (= did not give an opinion).
她被问及工资上涨的问题,但未发表任何观点. V. [I or T] to make a comment: 评论。 comment:妈妈总是对我的穿着品头论足.My mum always comments on what I'm wearing.他评价说那两篇文章非常相似.He commented that the two essays were rather similar. voice:
V. [T] to say what you think about a particular subject, especially to express a doubt, complaint, etc. that you have about it:评论。 我已在多种场合表示了对这个经营计划的反对.I have on several occasions voiced my objections to the plan to management.
Allow children the space to voice their opinions, even if they are different from your own.(05湖南)
voice:
N. [C]the sounds that are made when people speak or sing: 嗓音。 She has a loud/quiet/soft voice. She lowered her voice to a whisper. You'll have to raise your voice (= speak louder) if you want to be heard at the meeting. I've got a cold and I think I'm losing my voice (= becoming unable to speak).
voice:
[C often singular; U] (the right to) an expression of opinion: 观点，想法。 Unfortunately a strike was the only way to make our voices heard. The committee represents the voice of the students. Developing countries are demanding a stronger voice (= right to express opinions) in the debate.voice:
[S] an important quality or opinion which someone expresses, or the person who is able to express it: 发言能力，发言人She just won't listen to the voice of reason. I wouldn't work for Peter if I were you - this is the voice of experience talking!
the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.
在定语从句中如果先行词是the way表方式在定语从句中做状语时，定语从句that 或者in which 来引导，或者省略。
We often surprised at the way she manages to stay
so calm. Judging from the way he was shouting, we thought
he was badly hurt.高考链接
(2004 湖北)
What surprised me was not what he said but _________ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
wasteN. something that cannot be used any more and is thrown away:
垃圾，废物Industrial waste must be prevent from polluting our
rivers.
Where do you put your kitchen waste?[S or U] an unnecessary or wrong use of money, substances, time,
energy, abilities, etc:浪费 That meeting achieved absolutely nothing –
it was a complete waste of time. She's been unemployed for two years and it's
such a waste of her talents. My mother couldn't bear waste - she always
made us eat everything on our plates.wasteV. [T] to use too much of something or use something badly when there is a
limited amount of it:浪费 You waste a lot of water by having a bath instead of
a shower. Come on, let's get started - we've wasted enough time
already. Don't waste your money on me, love, keep it for
yourself.in addition: adv.=besides It is used when you want to mention another person or thing after something else .
Usually the phrase is followed by the preposition to.除此之外，而且
in addition to: prep =besides除此之外，而且Do you play any other sports in addition to football and basketball? She won't mind your being late -in addition, it's hardly your fault.
In addition to his flat in London, he has a villa in Italy and a castle in Scotland. jokes.wipe sth.out: to destroy something completely: 清除
wipe out :to lose control, especially in a vehicle, and have an accident: 失控（驾车） Whole villages were wiped out in the fighting. One bad harvest could wipe out all of a grower's profits for the previous two years.
I was going too fast and I wiped out on the bend.
wipe相关短语：
wipe sth off sth to remove something from something:
wipe sth up to remove a substance, usually liquid, with a cloth or something similar: All their customer information was wiped off the computer by a virus. 8 billion has been wiped off share prices worldwide
I was just wiping up the soup that you spilt in the kitchen. Have you got something I could wipe up this mess with?
effect:
It has also had harmful effect on the ecology of the area, killing many plants and animals.(P38)
污染对长江流域的生态也产生了有害的影响，大量的动植物也因此遭到了灭顶之灾。
Last month, part of southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering.(05天津)高考链接
（2003 上海）
The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism ________ the wildlife in the area.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
The worlds population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.(P22)
目前的世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到那时的六倍多。Pay attention to the following patterns:
…times + as + adj./adv. + as +…
…times + the comparative degree of adj./adv. +than +…
…times + the +n.(width, size, length, breadth, level, value, velocity…)of+…Eg.2. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
⑴ Asia is four times as large as Europe.
⑵ Asia is four times larger than Europe.
⑶ Asia is four times the size of Europe.1Eg.1.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大。⑴ The new building is four times as high as the old one.
⑵ The new building is four times higher than the old one.
⑶ The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one. Note:
倍数的基本表达都是以倍数打头，但要注意不同倍数的不同表达方法：
两倍要用twice或double，不用two times. 三倍常用three times,也可用thrice。
?除整数倍以外，还有分数倍，百分数倍，几倍多或不到几倍等。如：六倍多（more than/over six times）, 一半（half）,三分之一 (one third),百分之六十（60%）等。
在the +n.+of结构中 ：
要注意选择恰当的名词，常用的名词有size/height/length/weight等。
the +n.+of 可转换成one’s +n.或名词性从句。如：the height of Mary=Mary’s height.高考链接1．（05上海）
At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _________Great Britain.
A. three times the size as B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of
2．（05 湖北)
What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is ____it is long.
A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half as
C. not half as wide as D. as wide as not half
3. （04广西）
It is re ported that the United States uses _____ energy as the whole of Europe.
A. as twice B. twice much
C. twice much as D. twice as much
高考链接4.（03北京）
He did it ______ it took me.
A. one-third a time B. one-third time
C. the one-third time D. one-third the time
5.（05湖北卷）
What a table ! I’ve never seen such a thing before .It is it is long.
A．half not as wide as B．wide not as half as
C．not half as wide as D．as wide as not half
6. (03上海)
The house rent is expensive. I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m playing ________here.
A. as three times much B. as much three times
C. much as three times D. three times as much
cut back/down on: vt.to do less of something or use something in smaller amounts:减少,缩减，削减 The government has announced plans to cut back on defence spending by 10% next year. I'm trying to cut down on caffeine 。I was just talking to Jan, when Dave cut in (on us/our conversation).
If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be cut off.
She cut out his picture from the magazine.
Many villages have been cut off by the heavy snow.
1.（2004 春季北京）
He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was ______ from the outside world.
A. cut out B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through
2. (2005 湖南)
I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson ____________.
A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up
高考链接large amounts of poisonous chemicals (P22)
the amount of thins we make and buy (P22)
the amount of rubbish (P22)
the amount of pollution (P23)
amount ?? N.[C] a collection or mass especially of something which cannot be counted: 总数，数量（常与不可数名词连用。
the amount of: the total sum of
a ...amount of: a …quantity of They didn't deliver the right amount of sand. Small amounts of land were used for keeping animals. He paid regular amounts of money to a charity. I didn't expect the bill to come to this amount (= of money). The new tax caused a huge amount of public anger. I had a certain amount of (= some) difficulty finding the house. You wouldn't believe the amount of trouble (= what a lot of trouble) I've had with this car.
关于“许多”的用法见下表：
1.（2003 上海）
The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _____pictures of them.
A. many of B. masses of
C. the number of D. a large amount of
2. (2001 上海)
As a result of destroying the forests, a large ______ of desert _______has covered the land.
number; has B. quantity; has
C. number; have D. quantity; have高考链接concern: V. 1) [T] to be important to someone or to involve someone directly:与…有关，对…有重要性
Matters of pollution and the environment concern us all. What I have to say to Amy doesn't concern you. His resignation concerns them all.
2 )[T] FORMAL If a story, film or article concerns a particular subject, person, etc., it is about that person or subject: 涉及，关于
The film concerns a woman who goes to China as a missionary. 3）[T] to become involved with something, or worried about something: 使操心，使不安
concern oneself about/for be concerned about/for
Don't concern yourself. She'll be home soon.
She concerns herself about her son’s future.= She is concerned about her son’s future.
4) [T] to cause anxiety to someone:
The state of my father's health concerns us greatly.
It concerns me that he hasn't been in contact. concern: V.[C or U] a feeling of worry or nervousness, or something that worries you:担心，挂念，关怀
Concern for the safety of the two missing teenagers is growing. There's a lot of public concern about/over dangerous toxins recently found in food.
2）[C or U] something that involves or affects you or is important to you:关心的事，重要事
My greatest concern is the economy of China. What were the major concerns of the writers from this period? I don't want to hear about it - it's no concern of mine!
be of concern to be important: The results of the election are of concern to us all. concern: N.3)[C] a company: 企业，公司，财团
a family concern It started slowly, but the company is now a going concern (= doing business)
concern: N.concerned ?? Adj.
worried: 担忧的
I'm a bit concerned about/for your health. Aren't you concerned (that) she might tell someone? He was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers were leaving. Concerned parents have complained about the dangerous playground.
2) [after verb] involved in something or affected by it: 有关的，涉及的（置于名词之后）
I'd like to thank everyone concerned for making the occasion run so smoothly. It was quite a shock for all/everyone concerned. Her job is something concerned with computers. I'm not very good where money is concerned (= when dealing with money) responsible Adj. be responsible for sth/doing sth
1）to be the person who caused something to happen, especially something bad:
Who is responsible for this terrible mess? Last month's bad weather was responsible for the crop failure.
2）to have control and authority over something or someone and the duty of taking care of it or them: Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office. Her department is responsible for overseeing the councils.
be responsible to sb/sth to be controlled by someone or something:
In Australia, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers are responsible to the House of Representatives
responsibly ?? Adv.
When he saw the crash, the young boy acted very responsibly and called the police.responsibilities: N.
[U] 责任
Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterday's bomb attack. The minister took/accepted full responsibility for (= admitted that he was to blame for) the disaster and resigned.
[C or U] something that it is your job or duty to deal with: 工作，义务。
It's her responsibility to ensure the project finishes on time. She takes her responsibilities as a nurse very seriously.
[C or U] have responsibility to be in a position of authority over someone and to have a duty to make certain that particular things are done:负责
Who has responsibility here? Jenny, you have responsibility for clearing up the room after the class.accept/assume/shoulder/take on responsibility for 为…负责
escape/avoid responsibility 回避责任
throw responsibility on 把责任推给
have a responsibility to sb 对…负有责任
act/do sth on your own responsibility 对自己的行为负责 But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides.(23)但有一点我非常赞同：循环利用或许是对两者都有利的关键。
do auxiliary verb [+ infinitive without to] used to give extra force to the main verb:对动词进行强调，过去时为did.
Do shut up, Georgia, and get on with your homework. Do write and let me know how you're getting on. "Can I buy stamps here?" "Well, we do sell them, but we haven't got any at the moment."
Cars do cause us some health problems ---in fact far more serious ones than mobile phones do. (05 江西)2）key
N.the best or only way to achieve something: …的关键
the key to sth
Hard work is the key to success.
Adj. very important and having a lot of influence on other people or things:关键的，重要的。
She was a key figure in the international art world.
（2002北京）
---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
---the key _________ the problem is to meet the demand ________ by the customers.
A. to solving; making B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making D. to solve; made
高考链接What if we run out of space?(P25)
1）what if used to ask about something that could happen in the future, especially something bad:
What if the train's late? What if you don't pass your exams?2）rut out to finish, use or sell all of something, so that there is none left:用光run out of sth.
I've run out of milk/money/ideas/patience.
If a supply of something runs out, all of it has been used or it is completely finished:被用光
The milk has run out.
If a document or official agreement runs out, the period of time for which it lasts finishes:到期
My passport runs out next month - I must get it renewedI ran across several old friends when I went back to my hometown
She ran after me to hand me some papers I'd dropped.
Luck is really running against you tonight!
Public opinion is currently running against fox hunting.
Sometimes my imagination runs away with me and I convince myself that they are having an affair.
Graham ran into someone he used to know at school the other day.
The water/The bath is running over - quick, turn the taps off.
I'll just run over what's been said so far, for latecomers who missed the first speakers.Assignment1. Read the text.
2. Finish Parts A1 and A2 on page 98 in Workbook.Thank you
Do you know something about debates?
Some people say that money can solve all problems, but some say knowledge .Which one do you prefer? Money or knowledge? debateWhich one will you choose?Fast readingGo through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the
three questions in part A on Page 22. Mr. Lin Shuiqing represents the environment and Mr Qian Liwei represents the economy.
2. Six times.
3. They should have to pay higher taxes. Detailed readingRead the speech a second time and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 24 1)Lin Shuiqing belongs to the Society for environmental preservation.
2)He starts his speech by talking about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.
3)They are being caught by fishing boats before they can lay eggs.
4) He thinks we should teach people about environmentally friendly ways of living,
5)Because jobs will be lost. People are more important than fish and trees.
6)We should produce more things from recycled products.
7)We need more effective laws to preserve the environment, which still allow the economy to grow.
8)Many people are willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.
Li Shuiqing 6 1 5 3 2 4
Qian Liwei 5 3 1 2 4Listening Listen to the tape and choose the best answers to the following questions:
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Lin Shuiqing’s speech?
A. Industrial waste destroyed many places and killed many places and animals.
B. Factories producing poisonous chemicals should close down.
C. Fishes died because of more than one reasons.
D. Polluted atmosphere can make human beings sick.
What can be inferred from the speech?
A. Though we caught large numbers of fish, they develop so quickly that we’// still have enough to eat.
B. It’s likely that we’ll not have enough to eat if we keep producing people rapidly.
C. Lin Shuiqing is for the idea of recycling, while Qian Liwei is against it.
D. An economist is often seen as being against the environment.
What does the sentence “People often think that economic development is bad for the environment, but this does not have to be right.”mean?
A. Economic development is good for the environment.
B. Economic development is bad for the environment.
C. Economic development is not always bad for the environment.
D. People are wrong to think economic development is bad for the environment.Fill in the table industrial waste
Many places …. Many plants and
animals …. Factories …
water pollution
Rivers are full of chemicals which flow into the sea and kill sea creatures.
fishingFishing boats catch large numbers of fish without giving then time to lay eggs.
populationThe world’s population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800. …
production
People should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things they make and buy.
recycling
It would be beneficial to expand our recycling industry, and teach people about environmentally friendly ways of living. We may even create more jobs and help the economy at the same time.Fill in the table factories
There are many factories and industries …. The people running these factories ….
production
If we cut back on …, then jobs will be lost. People are more important then fish and trees.
recyclingWe should produce more things from recycled materials, and less from materials taken directly from the environment.
laws
We need more effective laws to preserve the environment, …. This includes more inspections to control how many trees are cut down and how many fish boats can catch.
taxesFactories … should have to pay higher taxes.
Do you think it is possible to achieve a balance between the economy and the environment?
How can this be achieved? Discussion1. We could educate people to respect and protect the environment.
2. We could urge factories that produce large amounts of waste to build a system to purify the waste and minimize the damage to the environment.
3.We could urge the government to pass stricter laws to protect the environment.
4.We could produce strict laws to preserve the environment.
5. We could create a system to deal with the waste and rubbish scientifically.Consolidation Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the reading material.TV Presenter: Mr.Lin, as an environmentalist, what,do you think, is the main reason for the earth’s being damaged?
Mr.Lin: You see,we are living in a world,w______ many places and living things have been destroyed and have died.The waste from factories goes into the a_______, making people sick and f______into rivers, k______many sea creatures.That’s the main reason,I think.
TV Presenter: Is there any other way that sea creatures are badly affected by?
Mr Lin: In a_______,Fishing boats catch a lot of fish every day and many of the sea creatures are being w______ out.here tmosphere lows illing ddition iped TV Presenter: As we can see, the world’s population is a____________ 6.5 billion, more than six times what it used to be in 1800. Without doubt, clothing, food, shelter and transportation are becoming very important to people. So, what’s your advice on whether to choose the e_______ or the environment?
Mr.Lin:It is suggested that we cut down on production and reduce the amount of commercial goods. Besides, we have to take r_______ rubbish into consideration, which helps to expand our recycling industry, teach people about e________ friendly ways of living, even create more jobs and help the economy at the same time. pproaching conomy ecycling nvironmentally Language Pointscomment:
N. [C or U]something that you say or write that expresses your opinion:评论，观点。 我不希望听到关于我新剪的发型的任何评论,谢谢！I don't want any comments on/about my new haircut, thank you! She was asked about the pay increase but made no comment (= did not give an opinion).
她被问及工资上涨的问题,但未发表任何观点. V. [I or T] to make a comment: 评论。 comment:妈妈总是对我的穿着品头论足.My mum always comments on what I'm wearing.他评价说那两篇文章非常相似.He commented that the two essays were rather similar. voice:
V. [T] to say what you think about a particular subject, especially to express a doubt, complaint, etc. that you have about it:评论。 我已在多种场合表示了对这个经营计划的反对.I have on several occasions voiced my objections to the plan to management.
Allow children the space to voice their opinions, even if they are different from your own.(05湖南)
voice:
N. [C]the sounds that are made when people speak or sing: 嗓音。 She has a loud/quiet/soft voice. She lowered her voice to a whisper. You'll have to raise your voice (= speak louder) if you want to be heard at the meeting. I've got a cold and I think I'm losing my voice (= becoming unable to speak).
voice:
[C often singular; U] (the right to) an expression of opinion: 观点，想法。 Unfortunately a strike was the only way to make our voices heard. The committee represents the voice of the students. Developing countries are demanding a stronger voice (= right to express opinions) in the debate.voice:
[S] an important quality or opinion which someone expresses, or the person who is able to express it: 发言能力，发言人She just won't listen to the voice of reason. I wouldn't work for Peter if I were you - this is the voice of experience talking!
the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.
在定语从句中如果先行词是the way表方式在定语从句中做状语时，定语从句that 或者in which 来引导，或者省略。
We often surprised at the way she manages to stay
so calm. Judging from the way he was shouting, we thought
he was badly hurt.高考链接
(2004 湖北)
What surprised me was not what he said but _________ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
wasteN. something that cannot be used any more and is thrown away:
垃圾，废物Industrial waste must be prevent from polluting our
rivers.
Where do you put your kitchen waste?[S or U] an unnecessary or wrong use of money, substances, time,
energy, abilities, etc:浪费 That meeting achieved absolutely nothing –
it was a complete waste of time. She's been unemployed for two years and it's
such a waste of her talents. My mother couldn't bear waste - she always
made us eat everything on our plates.wasteV. [T] to use too much of something or use something badly when there is a
limited amount of it:浪费 You waste a lot of water by having a bath instead of
a shower. Come on, let's get started - we've wasted enough time
already. Don't waste your money on me, love, keep it for
yourself.in addition: adv.=besides It is used when you want to mention another person or thing after something else .
Usually the phrase is followed by the preposition to.除此之外，而且
in addition to: prep =besides除此之外，而且Do you play any other sports in addition to football and basketball? She won't mind your being late -in addition, it's hardly your fault.
In addition to his flat in London, he has a villa in Italy and a castle in Scotland. jokes.wipe sth.out: to destroy something completely: 清除
wipe out :to lose control, especially in a vehicle, and have an accident: 失控（驾车） Whole villages were wiped out in the fighting. One bad harvest could wipe out all of a grower's profits for the previous two years.
I was going too fast and I wiped out on the bend.
wipe相关短语：
wipe sth off sth to remove something from something:
wipe sth up to remove a substance, usually liquid, with a cloth or something similar: All their customer information was wiped off the computer by a virus. 8 billion has been wiped off share prices worldwide
I was just wiping up the soup that you spilt in the kitchen. Have you got something I could wipe up this mess with?
effect:
It has also had harmful effect on the ecology of the area, killing many plants and animals.(P38)
污染对长江流域的生态也产生了有害的影响，大量的动植物也因此遭到了灭顶之灾。
Last month, part of southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering.(05天津)高考链接
（2003 上海）
The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism ________ the wildlife in the area.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
The worlds population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.(P22)
目前的世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到那时的六倍多。Pay attention to the following patterns:
…times + as + adj./adv. + as +…
…times + the comparative degree of adj./adv. +than +…
…times + the +n.(width, size, length, breadth, level, value, velocity…)of+…Eg.2. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
⑴ Asia is four times as large as Europe.
⑵ Asia is four times larger than Europe.
⑶ Asia is four times the size of Europe.1Eg.1.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大。⑴ The new building is four times as high as the old one.
⑵ The new building is four times higher than the old one.
⑶ The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one. Note:
倍数的基本表达都是以倍数打头，但要注意不同倍数的不同表达方法：
两倍要用twice或double，不用two times. 三倍常用three times,也可用thrice。
?除整数倍以外，还有分数倍，百分数倍，几倍多或不到几倍等。如：六倍多（more than/over six times）, 一半（half）,三分之一 (one third),百分之六十（60%）等。
在the +n.+of结构中 ：
要注意选择恰当的名词，常用的名词有size/height/length/weight等。
the +n.+of 可转换成one’s +n.或名词性从句。如：the height of Mary=Mary’s height.高考链接1．（05上海）
At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _________Great Britain.
A. three times the size as B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of
2．（05 湖北)
What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is ____it is long.
A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half as
C. not half as wide as D. as wide as not half
3. （04广西）
It is re ported that the United States uses _____ energy as the whole of Europe.
A. as twice B. twice much
C. twice much as D. twice as much
高考链接4.（03北京）
He did it ______ it took me.
A. one-third a time B. one-third time
C. the one-third time D. one-third the time
5.（05湖北卷）
What a table ! I’ve never seen such a thing before .It is it is long.
A．half not as wide as B．wide not as half as
C．not half as wide as D．as wide as not half
6. (03上海)
The house rent is expensive. I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m playing ________here.
A. as three times much B. as much three times
C. much as three times D. three times as much
cut back/down on: vt.to do less of something or use something in smaller amounts:减少,缩减，削减 The government has announced plans to cut back on defence spending by 10% next year. I'm trying to cut down on caffeine 。I was just talking to Jan, when Dave cut in (on us/our conversation).
If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be cut off.
She cut out his picture from the magazine.
Many villages have been cut off by the heavy snow.
1.（2004 春季北京）
He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was ______ from the outside world.
A. cut out B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through
2. (2005 湖南)
I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson ____________.
A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up
高考链接large amounts of poisonous chemicals (P22)
the amount of thins we make and buy (P22)
the amount of rubbish (P22)
the amount of pollution (P23)
amount ?? N.[C] a collection or mass especially of something which cannot be counted: 总数，数量（常与不可数名词连用。
the amount of: the total sum of
a ...amount of: a …quantity of They didn't deliver the right amount of sand. Small amounts of land were used for keeping animals. He paid regular amounts of money to a charity. I didn't expect the bill to come to this amount (= of money). The new tax caused a huge amount of public anger. I had a certain amount of (= some) difficulty finding the house. You wouldn't believe the amount of trouble (= what a lot of trouble) I've had with this car.
关于“许多”的用法见下表：
1.（2003 上海）
The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _____pictures of them.
A. many of B. masses of
C. the number of D. a large amount of
2. (2001 上海)
As a result of destroying the forests, a large ______ of desert _______has covered the land.
number; has B. quantity; has
C. number; have D. quantity; have高考链接concern: V. 1) [T] to be important to someone or to involve someone directly:与…有关，对…有重要性
Matters of pollution and the environment concern us all. What I have to say to Amy doesn't concern you. His resignation concerns them all.
2 )[T] FORMAL If a story, film or article concerns a particular subject, person, etc., it is about that person or subject: 涉及，关于
The film concerns a woman who goes to China as a missionary. 3）[T] to become involved with something, or worried about something: 使操心，使不安
concern oneself about/for be concerned about/for
Don't concern yourself. She'll be home soon.
She concerns herself about her son’s future.= She is concerned about her son’s future.
4) [T] to cause anxiety to someone:
The state of my father's health concerns us greatly.
It concerns me that he hasn't been in contact. concern: V.[C or U] a feeling of worry or nervousness, or something that worries you:担心，挂念，关怀
Concern for the safety of the two missing teenagers is growing. There's a lot of public concern about/over dangerous toxins recently found in food.
2）[C or U] something that involves or affects you or is important to you:关心的事，重要事
My greatest concern is the economy of China. What were the major concerns of the writers from this period? I don't want to hear about it - it's no concern of mine!
be of concern to be important: The results of the election are of concern to us all. concern: N.3)[C] a company: 企业，公司，财团
a family concern It started slowly, but the company is now a going concern (= doing business)
concern: N.concerned ?? Adj.
worried: 担忧的
I'm a bit concerned about/for your health. Aren't you concerned (that) she might tell someone? He was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers were leaving. Concerned parents have complained about the dangerous playground.
2) [after verb] involved in something or affected by it: 有关的，涉及的（置于名词之后）
I'd like to thank everyone concerned for making the occasion run so smoothly. It was quite a shock for all/everyone concerned. Her job is something concerned with computers. I'm not very good where money is concerned (= when dealing with money) responsible Adj. be responsible for sth/doing sth
1）to be the person who caused something to happen, especially something bad:
Who is responsible for this terrible mess? Last month's bad weather was responsible for the crop failure.
2）to have control and authority over something or someone and the duty of taking care of it or them: Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office. Her department is responsible for overseeing the councils.
be responsible to sb/sth to be controlled by someone or something:
In Australia, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers are responsible to the House of Representatives
responsibly ?? Adv.
When he saw the crash, the young boy acted very responsibly and called the police.responsibilities: N.
[U] 责任
Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterday's bomb attack. The minister took/accepted full responsibility for (= admitted that he was to blame for) the disaster and resigned.
[C or U] something that it is your job or duty to deal with: 工作，义务。
It's her responsibility to ensure the project finishes on time. She takes her responsibilities as a nurse very seriously.
[C or U] have responsibility to be in a position of authority over someone and to have a duty to make certain that particular things are done:负责
Who has responsibility here? Jenny, you have responsibility for clearing up the room after the class.accept/assume/shoulder/take on responsibility for 为…负责
escape/avoid responsibility 回避责任
throw responsibility on 把责任推给
have a responsibility to sb 对…负有责任
act/do sth on your own responsibility 对自己的行为负责 But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides.(23)但有一点我非常赞同：循环利用或许是对两者都有利的关键。
do auxiliary verb [+ infinitive without to] used to give extra force to the main verb:对动词进行强调，过去时为did.
Do shut up, Georgia, and get on with your homework. Do write and let me know how you're getting on. "Can I buy stamps here?" "Well, we do sell them, but we haven't got any at the moment."
Cars do cause us some health problems ---in fact far more serious ones than mobile phones do. (05 江西)2）key
N.the best or only way to achieve something: …的关键
the key to sth
Hard work is the key to success.
Adj. very important and having a lot of influence on other people or things:关键的，重要的。
She was a key figure in the international art world.
（2002北京）
---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
---the key _________ the problem is to meet the demand ________ by the customers.
A. to solving; making B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making D. to solve; made
高考链接What if we run out of space?(P25)
1）what if used to ask about something that could happen in the future, especially something bad:
What if the train's late? What if you don't pass your exams?2）rut out to finish, use or sell all of something, so that there is none left:用光run out of sth.
I've run out of milk/money/ideas/patience.
If a supply of something runs out, all of it has been used or it is completely finished:被用光
The milk has run out.
If a document or official agreement runs out, the period of time for which it lasts finishes:到期
My passport runs out next month - I must get it renewedI ran across several old friends when I went back to my hometown
She ran after me to hand me some papers I'd dropped.
Luck is really running against you tonight!
Public opinion is currently running against fox hunting.
Sometimes my imagination runs away with me and I convince myself that they are having an affair.
Graham ran into someone he used to know at school the other day.
The water/The bath is running over - quick, turn the taps off.
I'll just run over what's been said so far, for latecomers who missed the first speakers.Assignment1. Read the text.
2. Finish Parts A1 and A2 on page 98 in Workbook.Thank you