《倒装句及练习》(江苏省宿迁市泗洪县新星中学李继友)

倒装句及练习
江苏省宿迁市泗洪县新星中学
制作人：李继友
英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。
倒装的原因：一，语法结构的需要。（某些疑问句）
二，为了强调。
三，为了保持句子的平衡。
正常语序： 按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。
倒装语序： 按“谓语（ 或谓语一部分）+ 主语”，就是倒装语序。
倒装句分为：
完全倒装： 整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。
部分倒装： 只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装。
e.g.
Does he go to school by bike (疑问句)
Then came a new difficulty. (完全倒装)
Not a single mistake did he make. (部分倒装)
完全倒装
完全倒装方法: 副词+谓语+名词
副词+代词+谓语(主语是代词不倒装)
一. 副词here, away, in, down, out, up, back, thus, next, now, then, ahead, off 等位于句首的句子, 以表示强调.
e.g.
Here came the bus. =Here it came.=The bus came here.
Out rushed the boy.=Out he rushed.=The boy rushed out.
Down came the brown wave .= Down it came .= the brown wave came down.
二. 表地点的的介词短语做状语位于句首时
e.g.
Under a big tree sat a fat man.= Under a big tree he sat= A fat man sat Under a big tree.
In front of the classroom sat a naughty boy.= In front of the classroom he sat.= A naughty boy sat In front of the classroom.
三. 表语位于句首时, 为了保持句子平衡, 以表示强调表语.
倒装方法: 表语(形容词ed分词/ing分词/介词短语)+ 系动词+ 主语
e.g.
Sitting at the back of the room was a shy girl.
Written on the blackboard are the names of our teacher.
A very honest person he is.（主语是人称代词时，主谓不倒装）
四. 直接引语位于句首时.
e.g.
“Very well,” said our teacher.
"How dare you say so " said Mr Li.
“Bring me two books, please.” said she.
部分倒装
部分倒装方法： 只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前。
一．only+(副词/介词短语/状语从句)位于句首时。
注意: only+主语位于句首是不能倒装.
e.g.
Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.
Only in this way can you make progress in your study.
Only socialism can save china.( only+主语位于句首是不能倒装)
二．含有否定意义的副词（not, no, little, few, hardly, never, seldom, scarcely, nowhere, not only, not once, barely, at no time, in no way, by no means, In no time, in no case, on no account, under no circumstances..., not.....untill, no sooner...than..., hardly/scarccly/barely...when...等）位于句首时。
注意: 1) 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
2) 在no sooner…..than..., hardly/scarccly/barely...when...结构中, no sooner,hardly.scarely后要倒装(谓语用过去完成时), than, when后面的句子不倒装. (谓语用过去时)
e.g.
Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.
Not a single mistake did he make.
Hardly did he watch TV
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
Hardly had the baby seen the toy when she laughed.
三． not only….but also连接并列分句时(前倒后不倒).
注意: 当连接并列主语时, 不倒装.
e.g.
Not only does he teach in school, but also he writes novels.
Not only did she speak correctly, but also she spoke fluently.
Not only he but also I like the pen. (当连接并列主语时,不倒装.)
四. neither……nor 连接并列分句时. (前后都倒装)
注意: 当连接并列主语时, 不倒装.
e.g.
Neither does he like the book, nor do I(like the book)
Neither he nor I like the book.
五. 有连接词 “so, neither, nor” 的句子. 表示前面的内容也适用于后者时.
肯定:so+助动词(情态动词/系动词)+主语 (主语与上文一致)
否定:neither(nor)+助动(情态动词/系动词)+主语
e.g.
Tom can mend the car. so can I.
She can't sing. neither can he.
John has never been late. nor have I.
六. No matter wh…+从句=wh….ever+从句(不倒装)
e.g.
No matter what you do/Whatever you do,you should do it well.
No matter how busy he is/However busy he is, he will go to bed on time.
七. 当so….that中的so和such….that中的such位于句首时.
注意:从句不倒装
e.g.
Such a kind boy is he that we all like him.
So fast does he speak that we can’t follw him.
八. as/ thoush作“尽管／虽然”，引导让步状语从句，由于语法需要，谓语部分的形容词/副词／名词／动词/过去分词提到句首时.
注意: 如果单数可数名词位于句首, 其前不加冠词
e.g.
Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who's as capable(有能力） as John.(2001)
Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon.
Child as she is, she had to make a living. (单数可数名词位于句首,其前不加冠词).
九. 含有were, had, should的if虚拟语气条件从句中, 如果if省略, 则将were, had, should移至主语之前。
e.g.
If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.
If I had known, I might have joined you in the discussion.=Dad Iknown, I might have joined you in the discussion.
If you should be interested, I can lend you one.=Should you be interested, I can lend you
十. 表示祝愿的祈使句.
倒装方法: 副词+谓语+主语
May+主语+谓语
e.g.
long live the People’s Republic of china
May you be happy!
May you succeed!
十一. 感叹句中倒装。
1． What 引导的感叹句
e.g.
What a helpful book we have had！(宾语在主语前面)
What a good weather it is!（表语在主语前面）
2． How 引导的感叹句
e.g.
How interesting their talk was!（表语在前面）
How hard they are working!（状语在前面）
十二. 在“there be”结构中的倒装。
在There+助动词/情态动词+be+主语+地点/时间的句型中，主语在谓语be动词后面，因此这是倒装。
注意：1）there be 句型中如有两个以上主语，谓语动词be 的单复数形式遵循邻近原则。
e.g.
There are two pencils and a book in the room.
There is a book and two pencils in the room
There will be a sports meet in our school next week.
注意： 2) 在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be, 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。 如：There happens/ lies /lives/ goes/ stands / remains/ exists/ uses/ appears/ seems/ comes to be等句型中也同样适用。
e.g.
There seems to be some misunderstanding about the matter.
There once lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
There goes the ambulance.
十三．The more…the more句型。（通常表，宾，装语前置）
e.g
The more you listen, the easier it becomes.（宾语）
The more carefully you works, the better you do.(状语)
The busier you are, the happier you feel.(表语)
试题集锦
1.I don't know how to swim, ____.
A. and my sister doesn't neither B. nor my sister can
C. nor does my sister D. and my sister does either
2 ---You ought to have given them some advice.
---_____, but who cared what I said
A. So ought you B. So I ought C. So did you D. So I did
3. –It was hot yesterday. _____.
A. It was so B. So was it C. So it was D. So it did
4. She's passed the test. ____.
A. So am I B. So have I C. So I have D. Also I have
5.You like football very much. ______.
A. So do I B. It is the same with me C. I do too D. So I do
6. ____, he is honest.
A. As he is poor B. Poor is he C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he
7. _____, he knows a lot of things.
A. A child as he is B. Child as he is
C. A child as is he D. Child as is he
8. _____, you can't lift yourself up.
A. Even you're strong B. Strong as you are
C. How strong you are D. In spite you're strong
9.So carelessly___ that he almost killed himself.
A. he drives B. he drove C. does he drive D. did he drive
10.Early in the day____ the news ____the enemy were gone.
A. come…that B. came…that C. comes…that D. came …what
11. My brother had a cold last week, _________.
A. so had I B. so did I
C. I had so D. so I had
12. Not until _________ home __________ his parents had been ill for three days.
A. he got; he knew B. did he get; he knew
C. he got; did he know D. did he get; did he know
13. In hardly any situation ________ find her sad.
A. that you can B. that can you
C. you can D. can you
14. Be quick! _________.
A. The bus comes here B. Here comes the bus
C. The bus here comes D. Here is the bus coming
15. In ________ and the lesson began.
A. the teacher came B. the teacher coming
C. came the teacher D. did the teacher come
16. On the wall _________ two large portraits.
A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging
17. --- Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother
--- I don''t know, _________.
A. nor don''t I care B. nor do I care
C. I don''t care neither D. neither don''t I care
18. Only when _________ how important it is to master English.
A. did I work I realized B. I worked did I realize
C. did I work did I realize D. I worked I realized
19. _______ in the darkness that he did not dare to move an inch.
A. So frightened he was B. So frightened was he
C. He was frightened so D. So he was frightened
20. _______, she is still as strong as you.
A. As old she is B. Old as she is
C. As she is old D. As old is she
21. Only by practicing a few hours every day _____ be able to waste much time.
A.you can B. can you C. you will D. will you
22. Not until the early years of the19th century _____ what heat is.
A.man did know B. man knew
C. didn’t man know D. did man know
23. _____got into the room, _____ the telephone rang.
A.He hardly; then B. Hardly had he; when
C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when
24. ______ snacks and drinks，but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
25.—I don’t think I can walk any further.
—_____, Let’s stop here for a rest.
A.Neither can I B. Neither do I
C. I didn’t think so D. I think so
26. Only in this way ______ do it well.
A.must we B. we could C. can we D. we can
27. Hardly ____ when it began to rain.
A.had he arrived B. arrived he
C. he had arrived D. did he arrive
28. Jack is a student and studies at the No. 2 Middle School. _____.
A. It was the same with Mike B.So it is with Mike
C. So is Mike D. So does Mike
29. ______, I would have given you his address.
A. If you asked me B. You had asked me
C. Should you have asked me D.Had you asked me
30. _____ that they had made an important discovery in science.
A.Little they realized B. They had realized little
C.Little did they realize D. Little had they realized
31. ______ that I couldn’t be absorbed in the work.
A. They made such talked
B. So loudly they talked
C. It was noise outside
D. Such a loud noise did they make
32. Many a time _____ me good advice.
A. he gave B. does he give
C. he has given D. has he given
33. ____ have I seen a better performance.
A. Everywhere B. Nowhere else
C. Everywhere else D. Nowhere
34. Not a single word ____ at the beginning.
A. did he say B. has he said C. he said D. he has said
35. Only in an hour ago ____ out why he was absent.
A. did the teacher found B. the teacher found
C. did the teacher find D. had the teacher found
36. _____the plane.
A. Flew down B. Down flew
C. Down was flying D. Down fly
37. Hardly _____ when the bus suddenly pulled away.
A.they had got to the bus stop
B. they got to the bus stop
C. did they get to the bus stop
D. had they got to the bus stop
38. ______ I had time, I would have run round that lake again.
A. If B. Unless C. Had D. When
39. Not only ______ a promise ,but he also kept it.
A. had he made B. he had made
C. did he make D. he makes
40. ______ I would see you here.
A.Little I dreamed B. Little do I dream
C. I dreamed little D. Little did I dream
41. Maybe you have been to many countries , but nowhere else such a beautiful palace . （04辽宁）
A．can you find B．you could find C．you can find D．could you find
42. ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. （04上海）
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
43. ______, Carolina couldn't get the door open. (05广东卷)
A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try
44. ______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research (05江苏卷)
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
45. Never before _______in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. （05上海卷）
A. has this city been B. this city has been C. was this city D. this city was
46. _____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. （05重庆卷）
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
47. In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns. （05辽宁卷）A．stand many lakes B．lie many lakes C．many lakes lie D．many lakes stand
48.Only then___________ how much damage had been caused. (06全国2)
A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did she realize
49._______homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest. (06福建)
A. So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little
50. So difficult it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. （06广东)
A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
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