Period 5 Grammar and usage

Period 5 Grammar and usage
Ellipsis
南京市大厂高级中学 宋长凤 李艳芳
Teaching aims:
Students will learn when to use ellipsis and how to use it correctly.
Students are expected to apply what they have learnt to practical use by finishing the two exercises in this section.
Procedures
Step1. Lead-in
Answer some questions based on the article Turandot in Beijing.
1. What kind of person is the princess Turandot?
(She is) Cold-hearted.
2. How many times will Turandot be staged in the Forbidden City?
(It will be staged in the Forbidden City) Eight (times).
3. What were the key ingredients for the production of this opera?
The bringing together of the group of people from many countries, the music and the setting (were the key ingredients for the production of this opera).
Step2. What is Ellipsis
Some words can be left out when we do not want to repeat them. This is called ellipsis.
Step3. When to use ellipsis and how to use it correctly
1. 简单句中的省略
2. 并列句中的省略
3. 复合句中的省略
Step4. Practice
Do Part A and Part B
Read Part A carefully and find out the words that can be left out.
Answers:
Singer: It was a real privilege for me to be cast. It had always been one of my strongest desires to have a part in Turandot.
Jane: How were you hired for the job?
Singer: Well, I’m a musical performer,………One day, saw a poster that the production company’s Personnel Department had put up saying that they were looking for singers. I applied for the job, and they sent me an invitation to try out for a part in the chorus.
Jane: Was it difficult to try out?
Singer: Yes, it was difficult…………
……
Singer: The best part was visiting Beijing because the performance was staged in the Forbidden City.
……
Singer: Yes, I would like to visit Beijing again.
Jane: Well, it’s been fun talking to you. I thank you for your time.
Read the instructions in Part B and finish the part individually.
Answers:
1 b 2 c 3 a 4 d 5 e
1 Bob James, the pop star dies of drug abusing.
2 This is the door to the stage.
3 The performance last night was not as good as usual.
4 Please handle this with care.
5 Turandot is really a wonderful performance, and the setting is fantastic too.
Step5. Homework
1. Finish the exercises of C1 and C2 in the work.
2. Preview the next section: Task
课件28张PPT。Unit 2 The universal languageGrammar and usage南京市大厂高级中学高二备课组
宋长凤 李艳芳1. What kind of person is the princess Turandot?
(She is) Cold-hearted.
2. How many times will Turandot be staged in the Forbidden City?
(It will be staged in the Forbidden City) Eight (times).
3. What were the key ingredients for the production of this opera?
The bringing together of the group of people from many countries, the music and the setting (were the key ingredients for the production of this opera).Review: Answer some questions based on Turandot in Beijing.he must In order to avoid marriage, she says that any potential husband must answer three riddles correctly or die.What is Ellipsis? Some words can be left out when we do not want to repeat them. This is called ellipsis.Ellipsis is used
when we do not want to repeat words or phrases that are obvious.
Some words of a sentence can be left out while the meaning can still be understood.1. My father likes sports more than Tom. (wrong)
2. My father likes sports more than Tom does. (correct)
3. My father likes sports more than he likes Tom. (correct)I. 简单句中的省略在口语中
-- How is your mother today?
-- (She is ) Much better.
(Is there) Anything wrong?
2. 在祈使句中
(You) Open the door, please.
(I) Thank you very much.3. 在感叹句中
What a (good) boy (he is)!
How (hard) they are working!
4. 在名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺,住宅,教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物
At her mother’s (house) she passed many happy days.
I met him at the doctors’ (house).5.动词不定式的省略
a. 为避免重复,常省略上文已提到的动词原形,只保留不定式中的小品词to:这类动词有:expect, forget, hope, intend, mean, prefer, refuse, try, want, wish, would like, like和love等.
如: She asked me to dance with her, but I didn’t want to (dance with her).
--Will you go with me?
--Well, I’d like to (go with you).
b. 在have to, need, ought to, be going to, used to等后省略动词.
如: I really didn’t want to go there with him, but I had to (go there with him).c. 在某些形容词delight, glad, happy, pleased等后省略to后面的动词.
如:
— Will you join in our discussion?
— I’ll be glad to (join in your discussion).
d. 若不定式中带有be, have等, 通常保留be, have.
如:
— Are you a teacher?
— No, but I used to be (a teacher).
John didn’t come, but he ought to have (come).1. —— He promised to come to see you.
—— But he __________. I’ve been all alone.
A. didn’t B. wouldn’t C. hasn’t D. won’t
2. —— Have you watered the flowers?
—— No, but __________.
A.I am B. I’m going
C. I’m just going to D.I will go
3. —— He hasn’t gone to the office up to now.
—— Well, he __________.
A. should B. ought to
C. ought to go D. ought to haveCCDII. 并列句中的省略1. 后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略。如： She was poor but (she was) honest. Bob has done his homework, but Tom hasn’t
(done his homework).2. 有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中，
看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。 如：Mary can （speak English）and (Mary) ought to speak English.Bob works (in London), and Peter lives in London.III. 复合句中的省略1. 主句的省略1）主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语中。(It’s a) pity you couldn’t come.2)在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。--Shall I go to play?
--If you like. (you can go to play).2.宾语从句中的省略1）由which, when, where, how和why 引导的宾语从句
中与主句重复的主语或谓语,可全部或部分省去,只保留
引导词。如：Please pass me one of these books, I don’t care
which (book you pass me). He will come back, but she doesn’t know when (he
will come back). She wants to learn English well, yet she doesn’t
know how (she can learn it well).2) 在I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess, I expect, I suppose, I imagine等开头的作答句中, 后面跟so 与 not 分别用于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。b. —Do you think it will rain?
—I hope so (it will rain).a. —Do you believe our team will win?
—I guess so (your team will win).—I hope not (that it will not rain). 注:I hope so的否定式只能用I hope not, 不可用I don't hope so. —I guess not (your team will not win). = I don’t guess so. c. ―Will we be late?
―I'm afraid so /not.1. ––“I slipped on the stairs. I think my arm is broken.”
–––– “Oh! I _______.”
A. do not hope to B. do not hope C. hope not so D. hope not
2. –--“Is Professor Tate very sick?”
----“I’m afraid _______.”
A. so B. this C. to D. thatDA3.状语从句中的省略在有些状语从句中，如果从句的主语是it，其后的be动词及其主语可一起省略。这种结构通常为：if it is possible, when it is necessary等。
如：Please try to finish your homework by yourself if (it is) possible.
We’ll have the old house pulled down when (it is) necessary.2) 在虚拟条件状语从句中,当助动词为were, had, should等时, 连词if可省略, 但were, had和should需要倒装到主语的前面。
如: Were I you, I would do more exercise.
Had I had time, I would have gone shopping with you.= If I were you= If I had had time4) 如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语部分有be动词，则可以将从语中的主语及be动词一起省略。引导这类状语从句的连词有:when, while, though, if和unless. 如： When (you are) crossing the road, you'd better
look at both sides.
The little girl began to cry when (she was) asked by the police.
Unless (I am) invited I will not go.3) 以as, than 引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。
如：He got up early as usual (he did).
After half a hour, she became quieter (than she had been).
He studies as hard as you (study).4. 定语从句中的省略1)定语从句的关系代词that /which /who在从句中作主语且后面有be动词，我们可以省略关系代词及be动词.
如：The girl (who is) standing under the tree is Mary.
The bridge (which was) built in 1927 broke down.
The girl (who is) in front of the classroom is Mary.2)在限制性定语从句起宾语作用的关系代词that, which, whom可以省略;在the same... as和such... as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;先行词是the way,后面的定语从句中,可以省略that或in which.
如：He is one of the man (whom) I can trust.
We will do the same work as they (do).
I don’t like the way (that/in which) you speak to your mother. 1. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his
carelessness in his work? (NMET 2002上海春)
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
2. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷)
A. the way 　　B. in the way that
C. in the way 　D. the way which
3. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全国卷II)
A. introducing 　　B. introduced
C. introduce 　　　D. being introduced AAB4. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________
at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷IV)
A. questioning B. having questioned
C. questioned D. to be questioned
5. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春)
A. completed 　　　　B. completing
C. being completed 　D. to be completed
6. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春)
A. invited 　　　　B. inviting 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
C. being invited 　　D. having invitedCAA5. 惯用的省略结构以及在一些固定短语中某些介词
的省略 1). 固定句型How/What about + n. / pron. /v-ing.What about some more milk?What about him? How about going out for a walk? 2). Why not +省去to的动词不定式Why not go at once?have trouble (in) doing3. 固定短语中介词的省略be busy (in) doing sth. 6. 省略语还经常出现在新闻标题或使用说明中，
例如：
Newspaper headlines:
Turandot on stage
Signs and labels:
No smoking
Instructions:
Do not bend
Postcards and diaries:
Have not had time to write diary
Notes:
Opera OK, costumes greatRead Part A carefully and find out the words that can be left out.Jane: How did you feel taking part in Turandot?
Singer: It was a real privilege for me to be cast. It had always been one of my strongest desires to have a part in Turandot.
Jane: How were you hired for the job?
Singer: Well, I’m a musical performer,………One day, I saw a poster that the production company’s Personnel Department had put up saying that they were looking for singers. I applied for the job, and they sent me an invitation to try out for a part in the chorus.
Jane: Was it difficult to try out?
Singer: Yes, it was difficult…………
……
Singer: The best part was visiting Beijing because the performance was staged in the Forbidden City.
……
Singer: Yes, I would like to visit Beijing again.
Jane: Well, it’s been fun talking to you. I thank you for your time.
Singer: You are welcome.Part B
Tian rong has read the following uses of ellipsis. Choose the category each one belongs to. a postcards and diaries
b newspaper headlines
c signs and labels
d instructions
e notes1 Pop star dies
b Bob James, the pop star dies of drug abusing.
2 Stage door
c This is the door to the stage.
Performance last night not as good as usual
a The performance last night was not as good as usual.a postcards and diaries b newspaper headlines
c signs and labels d instructions e notes4 Handle with care
d Please handle this with care.
5 Turandot, wonderful performance,
setting fantastic
e Turandot is really a wonderful performance, and the setting is fantastic too.a postcards and diaries b newspaper headlines
c signs and labels d instructions e notesHomework1. Finish the exercises of C1 and C2 in the workbook.
2. Preview the next section: Task Practice
I. Exercises in NMET(高考中的省略)
1.?When?first?________?to?the?market,?these?products?enjoyed?great?success.?(NMET?2004全国卷II)?　　A.?introducing?B.?introduced?C.?introduce?D.?being?introduced?2.?It?shames?me?to?say?it,?but?I?told?a?lie?when?________?at?the?meeting?by?my?boss.?(NMET?2004全国卷IV)?　　
A.?questioning?B.?having?questioned?C.?questioned?D.?to?be?questioned?
3.?The?man?we?followed?suddenly?stopped?and?looked?as?if?________?whether?he?was?going?in?the?right?direction.?(NMET?2003?安徽春)?　　
A.?seeing?B.?having?seen?C.?to?have?seen?D.?to?see?4.?Generally?speaking,?________?according?to?the?directions,?the?drug?has?no?side?effect.?(NMET2003上海卷)?　　
A.?when?taking?B.?when?taken?C.?when?to?take?D.?when?to?be?taken?5.?Unless?________?to?speak,?you?should?remain?silent?at?the?conference.?(NMET?200 3上海春)?　　A.?invited?B.?inviting?C.?being?invited?D.?having?invited?6.?When?________?,?the?museum?will?be?open?to?the?public?next?year.?(NMET?2002上海春)?　A.?completed?B.?completing?C.?being?completed?D.?to?be?completed?7.?Though?________?money,?his?parents?man-aged?to?send?him?to?university.?(NMET?2002上海卷)?　A.?lacked?B.?lacking?of?C.?lacking?D.?lacked?in?8.?The?research?is?so?designed?that?once?________?nothing?can?be?done?to?change?it.?(NMET?2002)?　　A.?begins?B.?having?begun?C.?beginning?D.?begun?
9.?—You?'re?always?working.?Come?on,?let's?go?shopping.?　　—?________?you?ever?want?to?do?is?going?shopping.?(NMET?2002北京、安徽、内蒙古春)?　　A.?Anything?B.?Something?C.?All?D.?That?10.?Is?this?the?reason?________?at?the?meeting?for?his?carelessness?in?his?work?(NMET?2002上海春)?A.?he?explained?B.?what?he?explained?　C.?how?he?explained?　D.?why?he?explained?11.?What?surprised?me?was?not?what?he?said?but?________?he?said?it.?(NMET?2004湖北卷)?　　A.?the?way?B.?in?the?way?that?C.?in?the?way?D.?the?way?which?12.?It?is?easy?to?do?the?repair.?________?you?need?is?a?hammer?and?some?nails.?(NMET?2004天津卷)?　　A.?Something?B.?All?C.?Both?D.?Everything?13.?That's?an?unpleasant?thing?to?say?about?your?father?after?________?he's?done?for?you.?(NMET?2004全国卷)?　　
A.?something?B.?anything?C.?all?D.?that?
14.?As?you've?never?been?there?before,?I'll?have?someone?________?you?the?way.?(MET?1990上海卷)?　　A.?to?show?B.?show?C.?showing?D.?showed?15.?—I'll?be?away?on?a?business?trip.?Would?you?mind?looking?after?my?cat??　　—Not?at?all,?________?.?(NMET?1995)?　　A.?I?have?no?time?B.?I'd?rather?not?C.?I'd?like?it?D.?I'd?be?happy?to?16.?—Does?your?brother?intend?to?study?German??　　—Yes,?he?intends?________?.?(NMET?1998上海卷)?　　A.?/?B.?to?C.?so?D.?that?17.?—Would?you?like?to?go?to?the?Grand?Theatre?with?me?tonight??　　—?________?.?(NMET?1999上海卷)?　　A.?Yes,?I'd?like?to?go?to?the?Grand?Theatre?
B.?I'd?like?to,?but?I?have?an?exam?tomorrow?　　C.?No,?I?won't? 　　
D.?That's?right?18.?—You?should?have?thanked?her?before?you?left.?　　 —I?meant?________?,?but?when?I?was?leaving?I?couldn't?find?her?anywhere.?(NMET?2000北京春招卷)?　　
A.?to?do?B.?to?C.?doing?D.?doing?to?19.?________?it?rain?tomorrow,?we?would?have?to?put?off?the?visit?to?the?Yangpu?Bridge.?(NMET?1994上海卷)?　　
A.?Were?B.?Should?C.?Would?D.?Will?20.?________?for?the?free?tickets,?I?would?not?have?gone?to?the?films?so?often.?(NMET?1995上海卷)?　　A.?If?it?is?not?B.?Were?C.?Had?it?not?been?D.?If?they?were?not?
21.?I?will?know?what?was?on?his?mind?at?the?time,?nor?will?________?.?(NMET?2004?江苏卷)?　　A.?anyone?B.?anyone?else?C.?no?one?D.?no?one?else?22.?Of?the?making?of?good?books?there?is?no?end;?neither?________?any?end?to?their?influence?on?man's?lives.?(NMET?2004?广东卷)?　　
A.?there?is?B.?there?are?C.?is?there?D.?are?there?23.?—I?would?never?come?to?this?restaurant?again.?The?food?is?terrible!?　　—?________?.?(NMET?2004全国卷III)? A.?Nor?am?I?B.?Neither?would?I?C.?Same?with?me?D.?So?do?I?24. --- Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?
--- ______. I love getting close to nature.(2004福建)
A. I couldn’t agree more　　B. I’m afraid not C. I believe not D. I don’t think so
25. --- Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer ?
--- _______? (2004 全国I 卷)
A. What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How come
26.--- Alice, why didn't you come yesterday ?
---I ________, but I had an unexpected visitor. (1997NMET）
A. had　　B. would C. was going to　　D. did
Key:?1-5?BCDBA?6-10?AADCA?11-15?AACBD?16-20?BBBBC?21-26?BCBAAC
II. Exercises (巩固练习)
The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him _____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
The traditional goal of science is to discover how things are, not how they ought ____.
A. to B. to be C. be D. have been
---Did you work in the lab every afternoon? ---No, but sometimes, I wish I ____.
A. had time to B. had time to do C. have time to D. have time
---I hope the children won’t touch the dog. ----I’ve warned them ____.
A. not B. not to C. not touch D. not do
Some students are going to China in summer vacation, and ____.
some are to America B. some going to America C. some to America D. some America
The workers did all ___ good care of the old man.
A. they could to take B. they could take
C. which they could to take D. what they could to take
Of all the things in the world, I think life and love are ____.
very much precious B. more than precious C. the preciousest D. the most precious
The photographs of other planets taken by satellite are clear than ___.
A. the earth B. those taken from the earth C. those of the earth D. of the earth
why ___? It is not very serious.
A. to worry B. worry C. not worry D. you are worried
___ the road, don’t forget to look both ways.
A. As crossing B. While you cross C. While crossing D. Cross
Chemistry is the science of substances ___ the science of energy.
A. and is physics B. or is physics C. and physics D. or physics is
12. –Who broke the window? --- ____. A. Him B. He C. He broke D. It is him
---Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
--- Why ___? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me
---How do you find your missing pen? ----___.
Quite by accident B. I found it in my drawer.
C. It writes well D. It was well kept by myself.
---You must obey every word of mine. ----____ I don’t.?
A. How if B. What if C. Such as D. Only if
When ___, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
17. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ____ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
I won’t go to his party next time. It couldn’t have been ____ in fact.
A. any better B. any worse C. so bad D. the best
19. ---Does Bill do his new job well? ---_____ his old job. I am afraid there is no hope for him.
A. Not better than B. No better than C. Not so well as D. Not as well as
____ usual, I have forgotten something.
A. As B. As it is C. It’s D. That is
The rent is expensive. I’ve got half the space I had at home and I’m paying ____here.
A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much
22.—Wait until we get a satisfactory one, will you?
---I couldn’t agree ___, It sounds good to me.
A. much B. worse C. more D. at all
23.He became a good player_____in college.
A.when B.because C.as soon as D.even though
24._____green,the door might look more beautiful.
A.You painted B.If painted C.To paint D.Have it painted
25.-----The patient feels better.
-----I know_______.
A.he feels B.he does C.he does so D.he does it
26.----Have you been here long?-----_________.
A.Not much B.Yes,only little C. No, only yesterday D.No, not very
27.----Do you need a new dictionary in your English study?
---No,____.
A.I have some to do it B. there are some already
C.I think I have some that will do D. I’m having some dictionaries
28.I told him to sit down and_____for a moment.
A.waits B.waited C.wait D.waiting
29.My father is a doctor and my mother________.
A.nurse B.a nurse C.be a nurse D.is nurse
30. ________，I’ll have a letter sent to your company.
A.If necessary B.If it were necessary
C.As I’m necessary D.Unless it is necessary
Keys to the exercises:
1-5 ABABC 6-10 ADBBC 11-15 CADCB
16-20 ADBBA 21-25 DCABB 26-30 DCCBA