课件26张PPT。Unit One The written word南京市第三十四中学
周霞生 Grammar and usage Negative statements
(否定陈述)
Step 1 Lead-inLook at these pictures
Nanjing is the capital city of China.
Is it a true statement?
The statement is untrue.
Nanjing is not the capital city of China.
negative statement Recall the ways to make negative statements.The most commonly used negative words are:
no, not, never and neither Step 2 (work in pairs) Step 3 Read the guidelines on page 8 When are the negative statements often used? Negative statements are often used to correct a mistaken idea.e.g. Money does not buy happiness. Step 4 (work in small groups) Read Part 1- 4 and conclude the form(s) of negative statement in each part.DiscussionPart 1例句
构成类型结论
For examplePart 1例句
1.I do not
think so.
2.I have never seen the film.
3.I do not like either of the films.
4.The problems remained unsettled.
1).助动词+not
2).全否定词+肯定谓语部分
全体否定全体否定是百分之百地否认一个事物的存在、成立或真实性。表示全体否定的否定词有:no, not, nothing,
nobody, none,
nowhere, never, neither, nor, not...nearly, not...half, 以及not...possible 等.构成类型结论
3).not+any/anyone/anybody/anything/
anywhere/either4).? 带否定词缀的词
判断正误 1.There is not nearly enough time to learn all these words.
要把这些新词都学会了，时间远远不够。
要学会这些新词，时间不太多。
2.It’s not half bad, your new flat.
你这套新公寓不到一半坏。
你这套新公寓很不错。
3.You can’t possibly take all that luggage with you.
绝不可能把所有的那些行李都带走。
你不太可能把所有的行李都带走。
正正正误误误Part 2例句
1.It is not uncommon to find her reading the newspaper.
=It is quite common to find her reading the newspaper.
2.Unless you read the novel yourself, you will never know what happens at the end.
１）把否定词not放在带有否定前缀的单词前面：这类双重否定形式，是一种委婉说法，削弱了句子意义，语气通常比单纯的肯定句弱。
构成2)用否定跟含否定意义的连接unless, until, but等词连用，构成双重否定，用来表示强烈的肯定。
双重否定 类型
结论
双重否定是指两个否定成分限定同一个词或词素；或是一个否定词否定另一个否定词，取得肯定意义的表达形式。否定之否定成为肯定，这是合乎逻辑的。
Part 2例句
1.Not many people heard the speech
=Very few people heard the speech.
2.Not all he said was to the point. 3.I can’t see everybody. 1.not+many/much/very much/some/a phrase of time, distance or a noun phrase including quantities.构成2.not+all/both/each/everybody/everything部分否定 类型
结论
含有总括含义的词,用于否定句时,只否定一部分，而不是完全否定.如all, everybody everything, always, both, wholly 等词与not连用时,在汉语中译为
“不全是”
“不总是”等.4.I don’t wholly agree with you.
3.以一般否定句的形式出现，即把否定主语的 not与谓语动词放在一起。
Part 3例句
1.I wonder whether/if I shouldn’t bring an umbrella.
=I wonder whether/if I should bring an umbrella.
2.I wouldn’t be surprised if they didn’t move soon.
=.I wouldn’t be surprised if they moved soon
主句+ whether/if引导的否定陈述构成类型
结论
将否定词和whether
/if连用,来表达对于某种情况的疑虑, 常用于口语中.
I wonder whether/if …
一般用于表达个人的决定
I wouldn’t be surprised if…
一般不用于表达个人的决定
if从句中的附加否定
Part 4例句
1.Pip can hardly wait to
begin his new life.2.The classis are far from disappearing.3.Pip’s sister seldom has a kind word to say
4..Unless you read the novel yourself, you will never know what happens at the end.
含有否定意义的词汇与结构
1.动词及短语动词：
fail (+to do.), miss, ignore
prevent/keep/ protect ..．from等2.名词:absence, failure, refusal等
3.形容词:
few, little, free (from), far from等
4.副词:hardly, seldom等
5.介词： above, beneath, below, out (of) 等
6.连词：unless, before, or 等
7.结构:
too…to 太…(以致于)不
rather…than “宁愿…而不”等
隐性否定
隐性否定是一种有意无形的含蓄否定,常用含否定词的单词,词组,句型等来表示否定意义.这种否定意义用法隐藏在句子的深层含义中.
构成结论
5.The fortune sets him free from financial worries.
6.Joe would rather die than see any harm come
to pip.
类型 Step 5 Do Part A on page 9Answers:
1. … experiences an abnormal childhood without any parents.(line 4)
2. … with other children who also have no parents. .(line 5)
3. …,where he has to work very hard and hardly has time to relax.. .(line 6)
4.Oliver does not like anything about the workhouse. .(line 7)
5.He is treated very badly and seldom has enough food or water. .(line 8)
6.Fagin is not a good …and …(line 11)
7.Oliver does not know anything … and …(line 12)
8.He does not want to steal from anyone,but … (line 13)
9.Mr Barnlow is a man without any of Fagin’s vices. …(line 18)
10.Unless Oliver can …,he will never be ……(line24- 25)
11.He will have only misfortune, not a real ……(line 26)
Step 6 Finish Part B on page 9Answers:
1.surprised if, didn’t
2.not uncommon
3.Not many
4.wonder whether/if, shouldn’t全体否定Summary 否定陈述双重否定部分否定隐性否定if从句中的
附加否定Consolidation exercises Anybody can not come in without permission.Nobody can come in without permission.
“任何……不”是汉语中常用的否定句式，而在英语中与any构成的合成词或被any修饰的词语作主语时，谓语动词不能用否定式，因此any ... not的表达形式不符合英语的习惯。翻译这类句子时须用“否定形式的主语+肯定形式的谓语”。但当any的合成词或any所修饰的词带有后置定语时，谓语可以用否定式，
如： 干那种事的人都是不诚实的。
Anyone who does that isn't honest.
1、未经允许，任何人不得入内。
×√选择正确的译文√2、听到这个消息后，没有一个人不感
到兴奋。
Having heard the news, nobody did not feel excited.
Having heard the news, everybody felt excited.×
汉语中常用“没有+主语+不+谓语”这一双重否定的结构，而英语中否定形式的主语习惯上不能与否定形式的谓语连用。因此nobody... not的结构不符合英语的表达习惯. 翻译这类句子时，
1）可把主语和谓语都改成肯定形式；
2）也可用另一结构的双重否定式：
There be +否定的主语 + 否定形式的定语从句如： There was nobody who did not feel excited.
或： There was nobody but felt excited.
3、这两本书都不是英国出版的。
Both of the books are not published in england.
Neither of the books is published in england.
×√我不同意所有这些方案。
I don't agree to all these projects.
I agree to none of these projects.
或：I don't agree to any of these projects.
英语中的概括词all, every, both,以及与every构成的合成词,用语否定句式时,只表示部分否定，常译成“并非……都”，因此两个错误译句的含义分别为：并非两本书都是英国出版的,并非所有这些方案我都同意。要表达全部否定意义时，英语须用全否定词语，如none，neither, no, nobody, nothing, not ... any, not ... either等。 ×
√
4.这台机器不能再用了,那台也一样。
This machine can not be used any longer, and that one can't, too.
This machine can not be used any longer, and that one can't either.
×√或：This machine can not be used any longer, neither (nor) can that one.
否定句中的“也”不能译成too,而须用either，或用neither (nor)的倒装句型。
5、你不必为你的军衔和薪金担心。
You won't have to worry about rank and pay.
You won't have to worry about rank or pay.
×√
在肯定句中用and来连接两个并列成分，表示“和”，但在否定句中and应改为or, 这时否定词对or的前后部分同时加以否定。
6、这些规章制度多不完善！
How not perfect the rules and regulations are!
How imperfect the rules and regulations are!
×
√汉语中的感叹句可用否定式，如：多不光彩呀！多不容易呀！而英语中的感叹句不能用否定式，我们可用反义词或带有否定词缀的词来表示。
7、我认为这不值得一试。
I think this is not worth trying.
I don't think this is worth trying.
×
√英语中表臆想、猜测的动词think, believe, fancy, expect, guess, imagine, suppose等，如果带有否定的宾语从句，宾语从句中的否定词通常提前，用来否定主句的谓语动词。尤其是think, 按习惯用法，否定词只能置于think前。
8、他来这儿不是为了求得我们的帮助。
He came here not to ask us for help.
He did not come here to ask us for help.
×
√否定状语时，英语中的否定词一般不直接置于被否定词语前，通常置于谓语动词前。只有当两个部分加以对比时，即“不是……而是”时，否定词才可直接置于状语前。
如：他来这儿不是为了求得我们的帮助，而是来给我们提供一些信息。
He came here not to ask us for help, but to give us some information.
即使在这一结构中，英语还是常把否定词置于谓语动词前。
×
√9、他的设计肯定还没完成。
He mustn't have completed his design.
He can't have completed his design.
对比较有把握的推测，肯定句中用must，而否定句中用can't，对过去的推测，在must和can't后接完成形式。
Homework1. Do Part C1 andC2 on page 102 of the workbook
2. Prepare for Task教案（牛津版）Module 8
Unit 1 Grammar and usage
南京市第三十四中学 周霞生
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn the basic functions of negative statements, the most commonly used negative words such as no, not never and neither
2. Enable students to know how to use no, not. never and neither in different situations
Teaching Important Points:
Develop the students’ ability of using negative statements .
Teaching Difficult Points:
How to make students master the usage of negative statements
Teaching Methods:
Explanation and exercise
Teaching Aids:
1. The multimedia
2.The blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step1. Lead in
1).Ask students to look at some pictures of Nanjing and decide whether the statement “Nanjing is the capital of China” is a true statement.
2).Tell students that we can correct an untrue statement in the following way:
Nanjing is not the capital of China.
Step2. Work in pairs
1).Ask students to recall the ways to make negative statements
2).Show the usage of the negative statements
on the screen.
Step 3. 1). Ask students to read the guidelines on page 8.
2).Make sure that they know that negative statements are often used to correct a mistaken idea.
Step4. Discussion (work in small groups)
Ask students to read Part 1- 4 and conclude the form(s) of negative statement in each part.
Step5. Ask students to do Part A on page 9 and then check them.
Step6. Ask students to finish Part B on page 9 and then check them
Step7. Summarize the forms of negative statements in this unit.
Step8. Do consolidation exercises to see if they can grasp the use of negative statements
Step 9. Homework
1). Do Part C1 andC2 on page 102 of the workbook
2). Prepare for Task
