2008年初中毕业学科复习课教学设计说课竞赛材料
阅读理解
Teaching plan
南县南洲镇城郊土地湖中学：周卫锋
Teaching aims : Learn how to read
Train students’ ability of reading
Teaching methods : By speaking ,reading and doing exercises .
Teaching steps
Step 1 Leading in
1 .Talk about the importance of reading
2 . Ask some students to talk about the best way of reading
Step 2 Reading
1 The first type —— Multiple-choice Test
(1) Show a sample of reading , ask the students to go over the passage A carefully , find out the key sentences from each paragraph..
(2) Read the passage again , pay attention to “ what. Why .where .when. how” , answer the following questions .
①When was the five rings of Olympics drawn on the front of the sportswear
② Is the Winter Olympic also called the White Olympic
3 When did the five rings of Olympics appear on the stamps
4 If you design a stamp of the White Olympics ,what will appear on the stamps
(3) Read the passage quickly , then finish the exercises of Passage A.
2 .The second type —— True or false
① Read Passage B , underline the key sentences .
② Have the students say the key sentences loudly to the class .
③ Do the exercises (If the students mark F , they must offer the reasons. )
3 .The third type —— Short-answer Test
① Read Passage C with the questions . Look for key words like who or what that tell you what to write in the answer .
②Talk about the main idea .
③ Finish the exercises .(When you answer” when. why. Where”, do not forget “in .on. because”.
Step 3 Practice
Finish Passage D2008年初中毕业学科复习课教学设计说课竞赛材料
Exercises
A
The Winter Olympics is also called the White Olympics. At this time, many colorful stamps are published to mark the great Games. The first stamps marking the opening came out on January 25, 1932 in the United States for the 3rd White Olympics. From the on, publishing stamps during the White Olympics became a rule.
During the 4th Winter Olympics Games a group of stamps were published in Germany in November 1936. The five rings of Olympics were drawn on the front of sportswear. It was the first time that the rings appeared on the stamps of the White Olympics.
In the 1950’s the stamps of this kind became more colorful. When the White Olympics came, the host countries as well as the non-host countries published stamps to mark those Games. China also published four stamps in February, 1980, when the Chinese sportsmen began to take part in the White Olympics.
Japan is the only Asian country that has ever held the White Olympics. Altogether 14,500 million stamps were sold to raise money for this sports meet.
Different kinds of sports were drawn on these small stamps .People can enjoy the beauty of the wonderful movements of some sportsmen.
Read the Passage and choose the best answer.
( ) 1. The White Olympics and the Winter Olympics __________.
A. are the same thing B. are different games
C. are not held in winter D. are held in summer
( ) 2 The world made it a rule to publish stamps to mark the great world Games ______________.
A after the year 1936 B. after the 3rd White Olympics
C before the 3rd White Olympics D. before the year 1932
( )3 The Winter Olympics is held once__________.
A every two years B every three years
C every four years D every five years
( ) 4 Which of the following is true
A Only the host countries can publish stamps to mark those Games.
B Only the non-host countries can publish stamps to mark those Games.
C All the countries can publish stamps to mark those Games.
D Japan can’t publish stamps to mark those Games
( )5 .What may appear on the stamps of the White Olympics
A Basketball B. Table tennis
C Football D. Skating
B
For years scientists have been worried about the effects of air pollution on the earth’s natural conditions. Some believe the air inside many houses may be more dangerous than the air outside.
More scientists agree that every modern house has some kinds of indoor pollution. People began to notice the problem in the early 1970s. Builders made buildings in which the flow of air between inside and outside was limited. They also used man-made building materials which are known to let out harmful gases.
As the problem became more serious, scientists began to search for a way to deal with it .They discovered a natural pollution control system---planting green plants.
Scientists believe that a plant’s leaves absorb the pollutants. In exchange the plant lets out oxygen through its leaves. Studies of different plants show that each absorbs different harmful chemicals. So the most effective way to clean the air is use different kinds of plants.
Mark T for True and F for false.
Read the Passage and write T (True) or F (False)
(_ )1 The air inside modern house with man-made building materials does more harm to the people’s health than that outside.
( )2 We can use the same kind of plant to clean the air indoors.
( )3 Scientists believe that a plant’s leaves absorb Oxygen.
( )4 A plant let out CO2.
( )5 People began to notice the air pollution in the early 1970s.
C
Tom was a poor boy, he made a living by cleaning leather shoes for others in the street .Tom was also a clever boy.
One day, a very rich man with the name Miser appeared in front of Tom .He watched his dirty shoes for a while , and then looked at Tom . Tom knew this kind of people well: They love money very much and hate to spend it.
Tom said ,“Let me clean your shoes, sir .”
“For nothing ” the rich man asked.
“Only two pence, sir.”
Mr. Miser shook his head and then walked away.
Tom thought for a second and then called out, “I’ d like to clean it for nothing .” This time Mr. Mister agreed. And soon one of his shoes was shining brightly.
When the rich man put his other shoe on the stool, Tom said he wouldn’t clean it for him unless he was paid two pence for his work .Mr. Miser was very angry .He refused to pay anything and went away , with a smile on his face .
But to his surprise, the well-cleaned shoe was so bright that it made the other one look even dirtier .Mr. Miser took a look around. The people in the street were laughing at him. he couldn’t walk on any further .
Finally the rich man returned and gave Tom two pence .In a very short time his two shoes shone brightly.
Read the Passage and answer the following questions.
1. Where did the story happen
2. The boy called the man back and agreed to clean it for nothing, Why
3. Why did Mr. Miser smile when he couldn’t have his other shoe cleaned
4. Why did the people in the street laugh at Mr. Miser
5. Was the boy clever enough to have his work paid
D
It is important that everyone does their best to protect the environment and look after Earth .One of the most important things we can do is to put all our rubbish into bins. Beaches, parks, playgrounds and cities all look horrible if they are covered in rubbish .
We should also try to save energy by turning off lights ,computers and TVs when we are not using them .In the winter ,instead of turning on the heating , try wearing more clothes and keeping windows and doors closed for some time to stop the cold air getting inside .
Recycle as many things as you can .To recycle means to use again, and there are many ways to do this. For example , we can write on both sides of a piece of paper , give our clothes to other people in need when we grow too big to wear them, and bring our own bags to the supermarkets when we go shopping so that we do not waste all those plastic bags .
Finally, if you want to breathe clean and fresh air, why not plant some trees Even if you only have a small room, it will look nicer and the air will be cleaner if you keep a small plant in it.
Remember, if we all work together, we can protect the environment and reduce pollution.
Read the Passage and choose the best answer.
( ) 1 The writer thinks it is important to __________________.
A enjoy the world B have fun
C look after the environment D leave rubbish in parks
( ) 2 The writer tells us ________________.
A to throw rubbish into a bin B to throw rubbish anywhere
C to pour dirty water into the rivers D to use less rubbish
( )3 We can ____ to save paper .
A use a paper cup B give old books to a library
C use both sides of the paper D pick up the waste paper at school
( )4 Which of the following is NOT true according to the writer
A. Turn off the lights when you leave the room.
B. Close the doors and windows for some time in winter.
C. Give your old clothes to others.
D. Use everything only once.
( )5 What is the best title for the passage
A. Make Better Use of Old Thing B. Save Water and Electricity
C. Protect Earth D. Save Money2008年初中毕业学科复习课教学设计说课竞赛材料
阅读理解
说课材料
南县南洲镇城郊土地湖中学：周卫锋
一、说教材
一）分析阅读理解题的命题特点。
阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案、做出正误判断和根据短文回答问题。文章的难易程度中考不同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。
阅读理解的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：
1. 阅读文章一般为三篇，阅读量在1，000单词左右；
2. 题材广泛，包括科普，社会，文化，政治，经济等；
3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文，说明文，应用文等。
二）中考阅读理解考查的主要内容是：
1. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。
此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题，主题思想，标题或目的。
eg:Passage D 中的第5题, What’s the best title for the passage 找出Key sentences: It’s important that everyone does their best to protect the environment and look after the earth.即可回答此题。
2. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。
此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。
eg:Passage A 中第4题 Which of the following is true Passage D 中第4题Which of the following is NOT true according to the writer
3. 考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。
此类题目主要考查的是句与句之间，短语与短语之间的逻辑关系。
eg：Passage C中的第2题 The boy called the man back and agreed to clean it for nothing. Why 这就要求学生必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系才能找到答案。
4. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。
此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生在理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。
eg：Passage A中的第5题 What may appear on the stamps of the White Olympics 根据常识紧紧抓住Winter Olympics 就可找到答案。
5. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。
eg :Passage C中的第5题 Was the boy clever enough to have his work paid
二、说目标
教学目标：
知识目标：掌握阅读理解的解题技巧并利用其解题
能力目标：提高学生英语的阅读能力和思维能力
重点难点：
教学重点：阅读理解的解题技巧
教学难点：掌握阅读理解的解题技巧
三. 说方法
明确了阅读理解题的考查要点以后，我想谈一谈破解阅读理解题的方法和技巧。
1．如何获取段落的主旨和大意？
最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。如Passage D 的主题句就位于句首。
2．如何确定细节和事实？
在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有个共同特点：凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。所以我们阅读时可恰当的做出记号。
3．如何进行推断？
所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。句中推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。
中考英语试题中的推断题很多，包括的面也很大。我主要讲两种：
1）事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
2）对作者的意图和态度的推断
近年来这种题型考得较多， 这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断， 如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。
四、说过程
为了让学生能够主动地去学习和掌握以上五种情况，我采取了以下教学步骤：
教学程序
Ⅰ、导入
1、 谈阅读的重要性。
2、 学生谈做阅读理解的最佳方式。
Ⅱ、 新授
选择题型
1给出第一篇课堂选择练习题，要求学生快速阅读然后找出每段的中心句。(要求注意短文的首段、首句、末句。一般文章的主旨大意就在这里，抓住每段的关键词语，便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布，再答题时就可做到心中有数。)
2再读，注意when、where、why、how等词，回答问题。（为学生做出正确选择打好铺垫）
3再次阅读完成练习。
是非题型
1展示给学生一篇是非题的阅读理解，要求学生阅读文章，在文中划出中心句。
2要学生踊跃的讲出来，分析怎样找中心句。
3阅读文章，完成练习。（如果判断为错，需给出理由。）
问答题型
1． 带着问题阅读，（这样可以提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。）着重注意像what who 这样的词。
2． 讨论文章的中心。（教学生怎样找中心思想。）
3． 回答问题。
Ⅲ 练习
完成Passage D .
五 总结
从以上教学步骤中可以看出，这节课，我主要以学生为主，教师为辅而展开的教学。学生自主地，积极地投入到学习中去，教师把解题技巧溶入到指导中，避免了我一个人唱独角戏。讲阅读理解题目很枯燥乏味的，如果单一地去讲阅读理解的做题技巧，学生们会很厌烦，特别是基础较差的学生，因此我充分调动学生的主动性让他们去找，去讨论，避免单一的教学方式，让每个学生身心愉悦地去学习，让每个学生都能够学到知识。
