名词(江苏省泰州市姜堰市)
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课件35张PPT。
Noun
名词名 词
表示人、事物、地点的名称或者抽象概念的词。名词分为专有名词和普通名词专有名词
表示人、事物、地点、机构等专有的名称。专有名词第一个字母要大写
Lucy
China
the Summer Palace普通名词
1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun, panda 。
2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family, police。
3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air, water。
4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work, love 。
个体名词和集体名词是可数名词
物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词个体名词和集体名词是可数名词
物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词名词的单数形式
一般可用a来修饰
a car a book
在元音发音开头的单词前用 an
an elephant
an apple
请区别：a useful machine
名词的复数形式
1.复数形式的构成方法
(1) 一般在名词后加“s”/s/or/z/
dog – dogs book – books
(2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加
“es”/iz/
class-classes box – boxes
watch – watches brush-brushes(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” /iz/
country – countries
factory – factories
请区别：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s”
boy – boys
monkey – monkeys (4) 以o结尾的名词一般加“s” /z/
radio – radios zoo – zoos
只有 potato tomato加“es”构成复数
potato – potatoes tomato – tomatoes
但：zero –zero(e)s
(5) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” /vz/
* half – halves * shelf – shelves
*knife – knives * leaf – leaves
2.特殊变化的单词
(1)单复数同形
Chinese – Chinese fish – fish
Japanese – Japanese sheep – sheep
(2)变元音字母oo为ee
tooth – teeth foot – feet 3.变man为 men
man – men woman – women
policeman – policemen
Frenchman – Frenchmen
请区别：German(德国人) – Germans
walkman-walkmans
4. 其它形式
child – children mouse – mice
5.一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况
(1)将中心词变为复数
girlfriend – girlfriends
grandchild – grandchildren
(2) man,woman 构成的合成词，每个名词都要变成复数
a man doctor – men doctors
a woman teacher – women teachers 6.常以复数形式出现的名词
people clothes police
trousers glasses
这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数
My clothes are newer than yours.
The police often come here. 7.可用how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of, some，a lot of 等修饰可数名词复数
There are a few people in the park.
How many knives are there in your pencil-box?★不可数名词
物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。
特别记住：
work chalk time space music
money weather cotton homework
wood information news medicine 1.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数
Some bread is over there.
No news is good news.
2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词
They had much money.
He does little housework at home. 3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of 前面的名词上，而 of 后始终是单数
There is a piece of paper in the book.
Three glasses of orange are on the desk.注意：
可数名词也可用量来表示， of 后用复数
There are two bags of clothes over there.
We have five boxes of apples. 4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情
况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同
(1) glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯)
paper(纸) – a paper(报纸)
work(工作) – a work(著作)
room(空间) – a room(房间) (2) fruit(水果) – fruits (各种水果)
fish(鱼) – fishes(各种鱼)
hair(所有头发) – hairs (几根头发)
time(时间) – times(时代)名词的一般用法
★名词做定语
1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数
He has two pencil-boxes.
There are three banana trees over there.
2.man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致
We need a man teacher.
They are all women workers. 3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式
a sports field a clothes shop
4. 当数词与单位名词一起做定语时， 单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。
He is a fourteen-year-old boy.
This is a two-hour plan.★名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。
* Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers.
她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。
*There is a pair of glasses on the desk.
桌上有一副眼镜名词所有格
表示名词间的所有关系“ …的”
一.名词所有格的构成方法
1.单数名词后加“’ s”
*Tom ’ s book *my friend’ s uncle
2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ’”即可
*Teachers ’ Day *two weeks ’ holiday 3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’ s”
* Children’ s Day * men’ s shoes
4.用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语，主要用于表示无生命名词的所有关系
*the color of the wall
*a picture of the classroom二.名词所有格的几个注意点
1.可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略
* my aunt’s ( home） (我姑姑家）
* go to the teachers’ ( office）
(去老师办公室）
? 2.有些名词的所有格可用两种形式
*the cat’s name / the name of the cat
*China’s capital/ the capital of China 3.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“’s”
* Lucy and Lily’s room
露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）
请区别: Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms
露西的房间和莉莉的房间
（两人各有一间房间）Exercises用名词的正确形式填空
1 He cut the apple into ________ (half).
2 The ________ (potato) are mine.
3 How many ________ (family) are there in this town?
4 There are ten ________ (deer) on the farm.
5 These ________ (German) are __________
(businessman).
6 Last week we went to the __________ (child) Park.halvespotatoesfamiliesdeerGermansbusinessmenChildren’s改错
1. It’s a hard work.
2.We don’t have any class on Sundays.
3. The room’s windows are very big.
.
It’s hard work.We don’t have any classes on Sundays.The windows of the room are very big.4 How many milk is there in the bag?
5.Could I have three papers ,please？
6.These two pieces of bread is over there.
How much milk is there in the bag?Could I have three pieces of paper ,please？These two pieces of bread are over there.( )1 I found ____ good news in ____ newspaper.
A. a, a B.a piece of , a piece of
C.a, a piece of D. a piece of , a
( )2 What ____ it is today!
A. a fine weather B. fine weather
C. fine a weather D. the fine weather
( )3 To their _____ , they have all passed the exam.
A. surprise B. surprising
C. surprises D. surprised
DBA( )4 Lucy is ____ sister.
A. Mary and Jack B. Mary’s and Jack’s
C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jack’s
( )5 Please make ____ for him. He is very tired.
A. any room B. any room
C. some rooms D. some room
( )6 The model plane was made by a ____ boy.
A. ten-years-old B. ten-year-older
C. ten-year-old D. ten-year oldDDC( ) 7 He went to the ____ to buy a pair of shoes.
A shoes store B shoe store
C shoe’s store D shoes’ store
( ) 8 I will give you ____ to finish it.
A two week’s time B two weeks’ time
C two week time D two weeks time
( ) 9 The two bedrooms are the ____.
A twins B twin’s C twins’ D twins
BBC( ) 10 This is an old photo of mine when I ____.
A have short hairs B had short hairs
C have short hair D had short hair
( ) 11 I think the country is much more beautiful than any other ____ in the world.
A country B countries
C the country D the countries
( ) 12 John’s uncle has many friends. Mr. Shute is a friend of ____.
A John’s uncle B John uncle’s
C John’s uncle’s D John uncleDAC
Noun
名词名 词
表示人、事物、地点的名称或者抽象概念的词。名词分为专有名词和普通名词专有名词
表示人、事物、地点、机构等专有的名称。专有名词第一个字母要大写
Lucy
China
the Summer Palace普通名词
1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun, panda 。
2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family, police。
3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air, water。
4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work, love 。
个体名词和集体名词是可数名词
物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词个体名词和集体名词是可数名词
物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词名词的单数形式
一般可用a来修饰
a car a book
在元音发音开头的单词前用 an
an elephant
an apple
请区别：a useful machine
名词的复数形式
1.复数形式的构成方法
(1) 一般在名词后加“s”/s/or/z/
dog – dogs book – books
(2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加
“es”/iz/
class-classes box – boxes
watch – watches brush-brushes(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” /iz/
country – countries
factory – factories
请区别：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s”
boy – boys
monkey – monkeys (4) 以o结尾的名词一般加“s” /z/
radio – radios zoo – zoos
只有 potato tomato加“es”构成复数
potato – potatoes tomato – tomatoes
但：zero –zero(e)s
(5) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” /vz/
* half – halves * shelf – shelves
*knife – knives * leaf – leaves
2.特殊变化的单词
(1)单复数同形
Chinese – Chinese fish – fish
Japanese – Japanese sheep – sheep
(2)变元音字母oo为ee
tooth – teeth foot – feet 3.变man为 men
man – men woman – women
policeman – policemen
Frenchman – Frenchmen
请区别：German(德国人) – Germans
walkman-walkmans
4. 其它形式
child – children mouse – mice
5.一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况
(1)将中心词变为复数
girlfriend – girlfriends
grandchild – grandchildren
(2) man,woman 构成的合成词，每个名词都要变成复数
a man doctor – men doctors
a woman teacher – women teachers 6.常以复数形式出现的名词
people clothes police
trousers glasses
这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数
My clothes are newer than yours.
The police often come here. 7.可用how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of, some，a lot of 等修饰可数名词复数
There are a few people in the park.
How many knives are there in your pencil-box?★不可数名词
物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。
特别记住：
work chalk time space music
money weather cotton homework
wood information news medicine 1.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数
Some bread is over there.
No news is good news.
2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词
They had much money.
He does little housework at home. 3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of 前面的名词上，而 of 后始终是单数
There is a piece of paper in the book.
Three glasses of orange are on the desk.注意：
可数名词也可用量来表示， of 后用复数
There are two bags of clothes over there.
We have five boxes of apples. 4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情
况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同
(1) glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯)
paper(纸) – a paper(报纸)
work(工作) – a work(著作)
room(空间) – a room(房间) (2) fruit(水果) – fruits (各种水果)
fish(鱼) – fishes(各种鱼)
hair(所有头发) – hairs (几根头发)
time(时间) – times(时代)名词的一般用法
★名词做定语
1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数
He has two pencil-boxes.
There are three banana trees over there.
2.man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致
We need a man teacher.
They are all women workers. 3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式
a sports field a clothes shop
4. 当数词与单位名词一起做定语时， 单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。
He is a fourteen-year-old boy.
This is a two-hour plan.★名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。
* Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers.
她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。
*There is a pair of glasses on the desk.
桌上有一副眼镜名词所有格
表示名词间的所有关系“ …的”
一.名词所有格的构成方法
1.单数名词后加“’ s”
*Tom ’ s book *my friend’ s uncle
2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ’”即可
*Teachers ’ Day *two weeks ’ holiday 3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’ s”
* Children’ s Day * men’ s shoes
4.用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语，主要用于表示无生命名词的所有关系
*the color of the wall
*a picture of the classroom二.名词所有格的几个注意点
1.可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略
* my aunt’s ( home） (我姑姑家）
* go to the teachers’ ( office）
(去老师办公室）
? 2.有些名词的所有格可用两种形式
*the cat’s name / the name of the cat
*China’s capital/ the capital of China 3.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“’s”
* Lucy and Lily’s room
露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）
请区别: Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms
露西的房间和莉莉的房间
（两人各有一间房间）Exercises用名词的正确形式填空
1 He cut the apple into ________ (half).
2 The ________ (potato) are mine.
3 How many ________ (family) are there in this town?
4 There are ten ________ (deer) on the farm.
5 These ________ (German) are __________
(businessman).
6 Last week we went to the __________ (child) Park.halvespotatoesfamiliesdeerGermansbusinessmenChildren’s改错
1. It’s a hard work.
2.We don’t have any class on Sundays.
3. The room’s windows are very big.
.
It’s hard work.We don’t have any classes on Sundays.The windows of the room are very big.4 How many milk is there in the bag?
5.Could I have three papers ,please？
6.These two pieces of bread is over there.
How much milk is there in the bag?Could I have three pieces of paper ,please？These two pieces of bread are over there.( )1 I found ____ good news in ____ newspaper.
A. a, a B.a piece of , a piece of
C.a, a piece of D. a piece of , a
( )2 What ____ it is today!
A. a fine weather B. fine weather
C. fine a weather D. the fine weather
( )3 To their _____ , they have all passed the exam.
A. surprise B. surprising
C. surprises D. surprised
DBA( )4 Lucy is ____ sister.
A. Mary and Jack B. Mary’s and Jack’s
C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jack’s
( )5 Please make ____ for him. He is very tired.
A. any room B. any room
C. some rooms D. some room
( )6 The model plane was made by a ____ boy.
A. ten-years-old B. ten-year-older
C. ten-year-old D. ten-year oldDDC( ) 7 He went to the ____ to buy a pair of shoes.
A shoes store B shoe store
C shoe’s store D shoes’ store
( ) 8 I will give you ____ to finish it.
A two week’s time B two weeks’ time
C two week time D two weeks time
( ) 9 The two bedrooms are the ____.
A twins B twin’s C twins’ D twins
BBC( ) 10 This is an old photo of mine when I ____.
A have short hairs B had short hairs
C have short hair D had short hair
( ) 11 I think the country is much more beautiful than any other ____ in the world.
A country B countries
C the country D the countries
( ) 12 John’s uncle has many friends. Mr. Shute is a friend of ____.
A John’s uncle B John uncle’s
C John’s uncle’s D John uncleDAC
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