高考专题 短文改错
图片预览
文档简介
课件14张PPT。welcome to our class短文改错专题短文改错专题 短文改错旨在测试考生发现、判断和纠正错误的能力。它要求考生具有词法、句法和在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，因此考点综合性强，覆盖面广，错项设置类型多，是历年高考英语中的难题。为了提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所了解，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率.下面从语法和逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。
短文改错口诀：动词形，名词数，注意是形还是副；
非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法要记住；
句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注.
一． 动词形
主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：
NMET’98 My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team.
NMET’00 Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.
上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关 键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。
amare
二． 名词数
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复
数写成单数。
例如： NMET’01 …so that I’ll get good marks in all my
subject.
三． 区分形和副
即区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。
这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：
NMET’95 I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.
NMET’99 Unfortunate, there are too many people in my
family.
需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而
副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、 形容词、副词或整个句子。
第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，
第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
subjectwonderfulUnfortunately 四． 非谓语动词细辨别
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名
词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：
NMET’97… in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.
NMET’98 Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but
also …
NMET’01 My parents love me… and will do all they can make sure…
上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的现在分
词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有
将来时态的含义。
五． 习惯用法要记住
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，
其错误表现形式主要有三种：
多词、少词和搭配错误。 tointerestedplaying^
例如：
NMET’96 It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and…
NMET’98 We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.
六． 句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有
待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：
NMET’96 They eager to know everything about China and…
NMET’97 I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.
第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例
则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。
七． 逻辑错误须关注
与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠
李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：
ofofwerewhich^^ NMET’96 The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
NMET’97 First, let me tell you something more about myself.
NMET’99 … no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.
Now someone at home reads instead.
上述第一例中的主语是Smiths（史密斯夫妇俩），因此后面的his不合逻辑。
第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？
第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，
所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。
除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法
错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：
NMET’00 She was smiling but nodding at me.
NMET’01 It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.
NMET’01 We may be one family and live under a same roof.theirmoreeveryoneandorthe短文改错的训练方法三步法：1.篇章着手,了解大意
必须先通读全文,掌握大意,不能一拿到题就逐行改错.在掌握了文章的情节,人物,过程的同时也可以发现一些明显的错误.第二遍可仔细通读全文,了解时态,语态,习惯用语,文章结构．2.逐句分析,依句改错
对第一步中存疑的地方,仔细分析,依据词法句法及语法知识,上下的对应关系等去发现错 误并加以改正.
3. 重读全文,检查核对
可把自己改过的加入文中通读,看是否通顺连贯,是否前后照应,自己的改错方式是否与要求呼应.英语改错训练
2006重庆卷
My hometown is a pretty city，so people there are kind and polite. With coming of spring，grass and trees turn green，and flowers grew in many colors. In summer ,the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful. After autumn arrives，the city looks as an old man with leaves fallen from the trees. In winter， a lot of white birds come to my city for food. I can wait more patiently above the sea for quite a long time. While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down immediate and catch them without delay.??1____
2____
3____
4____
5____
6____
7____
8____
9____
10____and^thegrowskylikefallingTheymoreWhenimmediatelyLast weekend we went mountain-climbing. Even the heavy rain in the morning could not prevent us go. Setting???? off very early, we went along an extreme narrow road, all????? in high spirits. On every side of the road were green fields???? and some farm house. We could hear the sound of the???????? rain and our footsteps mixing with our laughter. At noon?????? we reached the top of the mountain. That surprised us???????? most there was the beauty of scenes. After having a short????? rest there and sharing with the food we had brought, we?????? started going down. It had rained even harder. We were??????? wet to the skin, and we still sang and laughed happily.?????? 1______
2______
3______
4______
5______
6______
7______
8______
9______
10______∧goingextremelyeachhousesmixedWhatthewithhadbut2007重庆卷 英语改错训练（一)
When you are traveling abroad, it is importance to follow 1. ________
the customs of the country where you are visiting. If you are invited 2. ________
to a home in Britain, here is some advices. As soon as you are invited, 3. ______
it is good manners to refuse or accept an invitation, either by 4. ________
writing or by telephoning. When you go to the party, it is politely 5. ________
to arrive at on time. It is good manners to shake hands with your 6. ________
host and any guest. You can take a present if you like, 7. ________
possible a bottle of wine, a box of chocolates or some flowers. 8. ________
However, it was not bad manners to take nothing. It is not polite 9. ________
to stay too late before the other guests have gone. Of course, 10. ________
it is good manners to write or telephone a day or two later to thank your host.
[答案与简析]
Importance →important。属句型“It is +adj. + to do sth .”。
2. where →which/ that或去掉where。先行词在定语从句中作宾语。
3. advices →advice advice 为不可数名词。 4. an →the。此处的“请柬”是特指。
5. politely →polite。 6. 去掉at。arrive 后没宾语。7. guest前加other。表与其他客人握手。
8. possible →possibly。修饰take。 9. was →is。时态一致。
10. before →after。根据上下文，此处表达"其他客人走后。" 短文改错训练(三)
Know what to do in case of fire is important. 1. ________
If the fire broke out, what would you do? First, you 2. ________
should warn everyone in the house about the dangerous. 3. ________
Don't panic（惊慌）or start shouting. Be calmly and 4. ________
act fast. Second, you and all the other should go out of 5. ________
the house. Don't stopped to take anything with you. Once 6. ________
you are out of the house, stay out. Do not come back 7. ________
for any reason. Finally, before you are out of the house, 8. ________
call the fire department. Do not try to put out of the fire 9. ________
yourself. That can very dangerous. 10. ________
.[答案与简析]
Know →Knowing。动名词短语作主语。2. the →a。此处fire 属泛指。
3. Dangerous →danger。名词作介词宾语。4. calmly →calm。用形容词作表语。
5. Other →others。6. stopped →stop。这是祈使句的否定式，动词应该用原形。
7. Come →go。从上下文语义可知。 8. before →when或after。9. 去掉of。
put out 是及物动词短语。10. can后加be。缺谓语动词。
Thank you!
短文改错口诀：动词形，名词数，注意是形还是副；
非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法要记住；
句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注.
一． 动词形
主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：
NMET’98 My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team.
NMET’00 Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.
上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关 键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。
amare
二． 名词数
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复
数写成单数。
例如： NMET’01 …so that I’ll get good marks in all my
subject.
三． 区分形和副
即区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。
这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：
NMET’95 I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.
NMET’99 Unfortunate, there are too many people in my
family.
需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而
副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、 形容词、副词或整个句子。
第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，
第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
subjectwonderfulUnfortunately 四． 非谓语动词细辨别
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名
词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：
NMET’97… in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.
NMET’98 Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but
also …
NMET’01 My parents love me… and will do all they can make sure…
上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的现在分
词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有
将来时态的含义。
五． 习惯用法要记住
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，
其错误表现形式主要有三种：
多词、少词和搭配错误。 tointerestedplaying^
例如：
NMET’96 It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and…
NMET’98 We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.
六． 句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有
待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：
NMET’96 They eager to know everything about China and…
NMET’97 I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.
第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例
则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。
七． 逻辑错误须关注
与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠
李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：
ofofwerewhich^^ NMET’96 The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
NMET’97 First, let me tell you something more about myself.
NMET’99 … no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.
Now someone at home reads instead.
上述第一例中的主语是Smiths（史密斯夫妇俩），因此后面的his不合逻辑。
第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？
第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，
所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。
除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法
错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：
NMET’00 She was smiling but nodding at me.
NMET’01 It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.
NMET’01 We may be one family and live under a same roof.theirmoreeveryoneandorthe短文改错的训练方法三步法：1.篇章着手,了解大意
必须先通读全文,掌握大意,不能一拿到题就逐行改错.在掌握了文章的情节,人物,过程的同时也可以发现一些明显的错误.第二遍可仔细通读全文,了解时态,语态,习惯用语,文章结构．2.逐句分析,依句改错
对第一步中存疑的地方,仔细分析,依据词法句法及语法知识,上下的对应关系等去发现错 误并加以改正.
3. 重读全文,检查核对
可把自己改过的加入文中通读,看是否通顺连贯,是否前后照应,自己的改错方式是否与要求呼应.英语改错训练
2006重庆卷
My hometown is a pretty city，so people there are kind and polite. With coming of spring，grass and trees turn green，and flowers grew in many colors. In summer ,the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful. After autumn arrives，the city looks as an old man with leaves fallen from the trees. In winter， a lot of white birds come to my city for food. I can wait more patiently above the sea for quite a long time. While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down immediate and catch them without delay.??1____
2____
3____
4____
5____
6____
7____
8____
9____
10____and^thegrowskylikefallingTheymoreWhenimmediatelyLast weekend we went mountain-climbing. Even the heavy rain in the morning could not prevent us go. Setting???? off very early, we went along an extreme narrow road, all????? in high spirits. On every side of the road were green fields???? and some farm house. We could hear the sound of the???????? rain and our footsteps mixing with our laughter. At noon?????? we reached the top of the mountain. That surprised us???????? most there was the beauty of scenes. After having a short????? rest there and sharing with the food we had brought, we?????? started going down. It had rained even harder. We were??????? wet to the skin, and we still sang and laughed happily.?????? 1______
2______
3______
4______
5______
6______
7______
8______
9______
10______∧goingextremelyeachhousesmixedWhatthewithhadbut2007重庆卷 英语改错训练（一)
When you are traveling abroad, it is importance to follow 1. ________
the customs of the country where you are visiting. If you are invited 2. ________
to a home in Britain, here is some advices. As soon as you are invited, 3. ______
it is good manners to refuse or accept an invitation, either by 4. ________
writing or by telephoning. When you go to the party, it is politely 5. ________
to arrive at on time. It is good manners to shake hands with your 6. ________
host and any guest. You can take a present if you like, 7. ________
possible a bottle of wine, a box of chocolates or some flowers. 8. ________
However, it was not bad manners to take nothing. It is not polite 9. ________
to stay too late before the other guests have gone. Of course, 10. ________
it is good manners to write or telephone a day or two later to thank your host.
[答案与简析]
Importance →important。属句型“It is +adj. + to do sth .”。
2. where →which/ that或去掉where。先行词在定语从句中作宾语。
3. advices →advice advice 为不可数名词。 4. an →the。此处的“请柬”是特指。
5. politely →polite。 6. 去掉at。arrive 后没宾语。7. guest前加other。表与其他客人握手。
8. possible →possibly。修饰take。 9. was →is。时态一致。
10. before →after。根据上下文，此处表达"其他客人走后。" 短文改错训练(三)
Know what to do in case of fire is important. 1. ________
If the fire broke out, what would you do? First, you 2. ________
should warn everyone in the house about the dangerous. 3. ________
Don't panic（惊慌）or start shouting. Be calmly and 4. ________
act fast. Second, you and all the other should go out of 5. ________
the house. Don't stopped to take anything with you. Once 6. ________
you are out of the house, stay out. Do not come back 7. ________
for any reason. Finally, before you are out of the house, 8. ________
call the fire department. Do not try to put out of the fire 9. ________
yourself. That can very dangerous. 10. ________
.[答案与简析]
Know →Knowing。动名词短语作主语。2. the →a。此处fire 属泛指。
3. Dangerous →danger。名词作介词宾语。4. calmly →calm。用形容词作表语。
5. Other →others。6. stopped →stop。这是祈使句的否定式，动词应该用原形。
7. Come →go。从上下文语义可知。 8. before →when或after。9. 去掉of。
put out 是及物动词短语。10. can后加be。缺谓语动词。
Thank you!