课件64张PPT。Learning about languagePeriod 4Watch the clip again and describe
what happened as much as you can,
using the passive voice. My mother felt alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple.
My mother was alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple.
Look at the sentences.Discovering useful structures
Go over the passive voice
1. be+ V+-ed/-en/-t
My homework was eaten by the dog.
The toy is made by hand.使用被动语态的情况我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执
行者是谁的时候(这时不带by引起的短语)。
Printing was introduced to Europe from
China.(省略了by短语。）
Look! There is nothing here. Everything
has been taken away. (省略了by短语。）2)当我们出于礼貌、措辞圆通等方面的
考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁时。
You are requested to give a performance.
You are cordially(诚挚地) invited to a
party to be given at the Teachers' Club
at 3 p.m. Nov. 23.使用被动语态的情况使用被动语态的情况 3)当我们强调或兴趣在动作的承受者
时(这时可带by引起的短语)。
The song was composed（组成, 写作）
by a student. A good time was had by
all.被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时
态的变化而变化。以give为例，各种时
态的被动语态形式为：
一般现在时：am/is/are＋given
The first section of New College
English is designed for speaking practice
and is based on pictures and topics.被动语态的构成一般过去时：was/were＋given
【例句】
These computers were made in our own country.
一般将来时：will/shall be＋given
【例句】
Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?
被动语态的构成本句意思为：78岁的Denis先生声明他将
把他的大多数收藏品留给国家。所以
leave应用一般将来时的被动形式。一般
将来时可以用来be to do sth表达，因此
答案为D. 过去将来时：would be＋given
【例句】
The news would be sent to the
soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
【例句】The machine is being repaired in
the workshop. The fifth generation
computers, with artificial intelligence, are
____and perfected now.
developed
B) have developed
C) are being developed
D) will have been developed现在进行时：am/is/are being＋given本句测试点是动词的时态和语态
develop和perfect是两个并列的谓语动词
perfect 用的是被动形式，develop也应该
用被动形式，而且句子的时间状语为now
故develop应用现在进行时的被动语态，
答案为C。
过去进行时：was/were being＋given
The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky
现在完成时：has/have been＋given
Swift progress has also been made in culture and education.
过去完成时：had been＋given
The huge bridge had been damaged
before the World WarⅡ.
将来完成时：will/shall have been＋given
The book will have been published by the end of next month.含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态：情态动词+be +过去分词
This problem can be solved.
这问题可解决。
What’s done cannot be undone.
覆水难收。George might be sent to American by his
company in August.
公司可能八月份派乔治去美国。
或类似结构（be going to, have to 等）
变成被动语态：
This room is going to be painted next week.
这个房间下周粉刷。
Go away! I want to be left alone.
走开！我想独自待一会儿。1、有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语(指人的宾语）。一些特殊的被动语态They didn’t offer Ann the job. Ann wasn’t offered the job.
安未得到这工作。?2、在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to.They make her clean the floor. ?She is made to clean the floor by them.一些特殊的被动语态3. It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句 (=主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth)表示：据说/据报道/据悉/据信等……。 例： 据说这个男孩已经通过了这次的全国性的比赛。It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
The boy is said to have passed the national exam.一些特殊的被动语态但：It ______that there was a car
over there.
A. so happened
B. so happens
C. is so happened
D. was so happened
答案： A. happen 是不及物动词，无被动语态。4、be supposed to
(suppose: vt. 推想, 假设, 猜想)
supposed:假定的, 推测的;意图的
1)据说（=be said to) , 如：
Let’s go and see that film. It’s supposed
to be very good.我们一起去看那电影好吗?人们都说它
不错。一些特殊的被动语态2）计划、安排。如：I’d better hurry. It’s nearly 8 o,clock. I’m supposed to be meeting Tom at 8:15.我要快些了。现在差不多8点钟了。我原计划8点一刻去接汤姆。3）be not supposed to 表示“不允许”等。如：You are not supposed to park here. 这儿不允许停车。5 动词get代替 it. （ get往往用在口语中。）酒馆里发生了打斗，幸好无人受伤。There was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was)hurt.get + done 同 be+done 的区别：get done 往往表示行为不是计划之中，而是意外发生的。如：The dog got run over by a car.
狗被汽车辗死了。1、某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动
词可以表示被动意义。
cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut,
prove, sell ,read,write
The dish tastes delicious.
The theory proved right at last.
The book is so interesting that it sell well. 不可以变成被动语态：The book is so interesting that it sell well.
“Sell”此处为不及物动词“销售起来、
有销路”的意思；作及物动词为“卖、
出售”）
This kind of cloth washes well.(耐洗) Need +V- ing 表示“主语承受动词
发出的动作”，表示被动意义。
我的车需要修理。
My car needs repairing(=need to be
repaired).
3、某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词
没有被动语态形式。这类动词常见的有：beg, equal, fail, hold, possess, fit，
become, contain, cost, fit, have，
lack, resemble(相似)，suit等。
This new English-Chinese dictionary
cost me ten dollars.如：战争爆发了。
可以说： The war broke out .
但不能说：The war was broke out.4. 通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。（但见第1点） 被动结构与系表结构的区别
“be＋过去分词”这个结构并不都是被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态与系表结构主要区别是：被动结构表示一个动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，试比较下面的句子：被动结构
The enemy was soon surrounded by us.
系表结构
The house is surrounded by trees.
被动结构
She was bitten by the dog in the darkness.
系表结构
I was excited by the news that my husband
got promoted. The functions of the infinitive.
Except predicate, the infinitive can fun_ction as subject, object, predicative, attribute, adverbial and object compliment.Go over the infinitive to be + past participle
当不定式动词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，不定式要用被动语态。其构成形式如：to be given, to be shut, to be openedExplanation of the passive infinitiveFor example:She hates to be laughed at. (others laugh at her.
? She is laughed at by others)
2. I am expecting to be given a pay-rise next month. (give me a pay rise
? I will be given a pay rise.) tips：Examples: be to + passive infinitive (to be + past participle) is often used in notices and instructions. This cover is not to be removed.
The medicine is to be taken three times a day.???一、 不定式的被动形式有下列用法1．作主语：
It is an honour for me to be asked
to speak here.
2．作宾语：
She asked to be sent to work in
Xinjiang.一 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。
．3．构成复合宾语：
He wanted the letter to be typed
at once.
She didn’t like herself to be
praised like that.
4．构成复合谓语：
The books are not allowed to
be taken out of the room.5．作定语：
Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?
6．作状语：
She was too young to be assigned such work.二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：
It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）
She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)）He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）
The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）
She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语） 三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．在there be结构中。
例如： There is a lot of homework to do．
(也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost). 三、不定式的主动形式表示被动2．在“n／pron + be + adj + to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。例如： He is hard to convince.
He is an impossible person to work with． 3.在“too—to do; enough…to…”结构中。如：
The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)．
The house is big enough to live in.4．在“with+n+to do”结构中。
例如： With nothing to do，he lay in bed． With so many exercises to do，I can‘t go to the cinema．5．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。
例如： I have a letter to type today．
(I是to type的逻辑主语)
Do you have anything to say?
(you是to say的逻辑主语)6．当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中
时。
例如： This is the best book to read (=for us／you to read)． The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house． 7．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。
常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent，
hire，blame等。
例如： The house is to let． I felt l was to blame.NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。
I have three motors to repair today.
The task is difficult to finish on time.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier ________ it more difficult. (MET99)
A. not make B. not to make
C. not making D. do not make 不定式与高考题2. I’ve worked with children before, so
I know what ______ in my new job.
(MET2000)
A. Expected B. to expect
C. to be expecting D. expects
3. Having a trip abroad is certainly
good for the old couples but it
remains ______ whether they will
enjoy it. (MET2001)
A. to see B. seen
C. seeing D. to be seen 4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all
the way home. (MET2003)
A. much too heavy
B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much
D. too heavy much5.____late in the afternoon, Bob turned
off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考) ?A. To sleep? B. Sleeping?
C. Sleep? D. Having sleep
6.With a lot of difficult problems ____,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002年上海春季高考)
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle D. being settled7. She will tell us why she feels so
strongly that each of us has a role
___in making the earth a better
place to live. (2003上海春季高考)
A. to have played
B. to play
C. to be played
D. to be playing8. In order to gain a bigger share in
the international market, many
state run companies are trying
___their products more competitive.
( 2002上海春季高考)
A. to make
B. making
C. to have made
D. having made 9. I hurried to the meeting hall, only____ that the meeting had been put off.
A. to tell B. to be told
C. telling D. toldB 10. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears____ everything.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. to be telling
D. to have been toldD 4. Little Tom should love____ to the theater this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take
C. being taken D. takingA 5. It is said that plastics can be used to____ many things. Now people are used to____ plastics products.
A. make; using
B. making; using
C. making; use
D. make; useA7. He___ and was made to repeat it.
A. didn’t understand
B. didn’t be understood
C. wasn’t understand
D. wasn’t understoodD 8. The pupils here____ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.
A. kept busy doing
B. keep on doing
C. have kept busy doing
D. have been kept busy doingD 9. Visitors____ not to touch the exhibits.
A. will request
B. request
C. are requesting
D. are requestedD 10. In some parts of the world, tea ____ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving
B. is served
C. serves
D. servedBHomeworkGo over words and expressions.
Go over the grammar.
Do Ex3 on Page 56.课件36张PPT。Unit 2 RobotsPeriod 3 Learning about Language The keys to the exercise 1 1.pleasure
2.win
3.away
4.pity
5.terrible
6.go away
7.wish
8.call
9.looked at
10.ridiculousDiscovering useful words and expressionssatisfaction
victory
absent
sympathy
Awful
leave her alone
desire
ring me up
scanned
absurdThe keys to ex. 2 :test out
painting
accompany
curtains/cushions
cushions/curtains6.envy
7.embarrassing
8.alarm
9.turn around
10.declared
Discovering useful words and expressionsUseful phrases1.facial expressions
2.test out
3.social position
4. ring sb. up
5.turn around
6.manage to do
7.disappear from sight
8.be pleased with
9.leave /let…alone/be
10 look at…with wonder
11. more than
12. or rather1. 脸部表情
2. 试验
3. 社会地位
4. telephone sb.
5. 回转，转向
6. succeed in doing sth.
7. 消失在视野中
8. be satisfied with
9. 让……一个人待着
10. 惊奇地看
11. 不仅仅
12. 或者说Language Points1) It was disturbing and frightening (that) he looked so human. (L2, P3)That he looked so human was disturbing and frightening.Was it disturbing and frightening that…It + be + adj. + that-clause
It + be + n.+ that-clause
It + be + -ed participle + that-clause
It + seems/happens etc. + that-clauseIt is absurd that he believes the number 13 has brought him the bad luck.2. It is a great satisfaction that she is well again and can go to her office.3. It is said that Isaac will accompany his parents to visit Europe.4. It happens that the prettiest birds are the worst singers.2) desire v.
(1)渴望;希望(做某事):desire to do sth.
(2)要求某事:desire sth.
(3)要求<请求>某人做某事
desire that…doshould do; desire sb. to do sth.
我请您立即回信。I desire _____________________ of yours.an immediate answer我们希望有个好结果。
___________________________________ We desire to have a good result. 去请他进来。
_____________________________Please desire him to come in.They desire___________________________他们要求你马上回来。that you should come at once.n.(1)愿望;欲望 (2)要求
(3)食欲;情欲 (4)向往的东西他有强烈的求知欲.
He has_________________________________.a strong desire for knowledge / to learnmeet one’s desire
havefeel a great desire for
at one’s desire
渴望照某人的希望满足某人的欲望3) satisfaction n. ( opp. dissatisfaction)1)满足;满意;舒服(at; with) 2)令人满意的事物我听了这个消息非常满意.I heard the news_________________________.with great/ much satisfactionsatisfy vt.
satisfied adj.
satisfying adj.
satisfactory adj.满足;使满足
满意的;满足的
令人满意的
令人满意的express one’s satisfaction at/ with
find satisfaction in
to sb’s satisfaction/ to the satisfaction of sb.
with satisfaction对…表示满意对…感到满意令某人感到满意满意地4) alarm n.警报；惊慌；恐慌火灾引起很大恐慌.
_____________________________The fire caused much alarm.give/raise/sound the alarmtake (the) alarm ata fire alarma false alarmair alarmwater level alarm发警报;敲警钟对…感到吃惊;因…而惊恐火警虚惊一场空袭警报水位警告vt. 使警觉；惊动；使惊慌不要惊慌Don’t alarm yourself.be alarmed at (the news)被（那消息）吓了一跳.be alarmed for (the safety of …)
放心不下；担心（…的安全）完成句子:
1. A small boy saw the smoke and _________________(发出警报).
2.________________________(人人都感到惊恐) the news that war might break out.raised the alarmEverybody was alarmed at5) smooth adj. 平坦的；平滑的；顺利的
路平坦了/困难扫除了.
______________________vt.使…光滑，平坦或顺利.The way is now smooth.用熨斗把这件衣服熨平.
_________________________________Smooth this dress with a hot iron.smoothly adv. 平稳地;顺利地一切进展顺利.
_______________________Everything went smoothly. 6) embarrass vt.: to cause to feel ashamed, uncomfortable or anxious 使困惑；使局促不安销路下降使公司陷于财政困难.The decline of sales____________________.embarrassed the company在生人面前局促不安be/ feel embarrassed in the presence of strangersembarrass sb. with sth./ by doing sth.
做…使某人尴尬/害羞/窘迫不要问隐私，会让他们觉得不好意思Don’t_______________________ (by asking) personal questions.embarrass them withembarrassed adj.尴尬的，难堪的，害羞的他对我衣服的评论使我很尴尬._________________by his comments about my clothes.embarrassing adj. 使人尴尬的；令人难堪的你什么时候最尴尬？ What has been your_____________________________?I was embarrassedmost embarrassing moment7) sympathy n. 同情；同感；同情心相关短语：
express sympathy for 慰问
feel sympathy for, have sympathy for同情
in sympathy with 同情；赞成；跟着；和…一致8) turn around 转身；回转；旋转;好转,有起色他突然转过身来，看见了我.
_____________________________________All of a sudden he turned around/about and saw me.turn aboutturn againstturn awayturn offturn onturn out转身；转向；调向背叛；反抗，使对抗把(脸)转过去；抛弃解雇；关掉；使失去兴趣开（电灯，收音机，自来水）结果是；证明是；生产（产品）9) declare vt. 宣布；声明；表明；说明；宣称1)declare +n. 宣告They will declare the results of the election soon.他们将很快宣布选举的结果.
_____________________________________2)declare+n.+(to be) n./ adj. 宣布…为…The judge declared him (to be) the winner of the competition.裁判宣布他为比赛的冠军.
_____________________________________________她宣称她是对的.
_______________________________我宣布这次会议开始.
___________________________________I declared this conference (to be) open.3)declare +(that)从句 宣称；声称She declared (that) she was right.declare war on/ upon对…宣战declare against 声明反对declare for (in favour of) 声明赞成10) envy vt. & n. 忌妒；羡慕1)envy+sb.(for sth.)2)envy sb. sth. 忌妒/羡慕某人某事How I envy you! 我真羡慕您！
__________________They envied us for our success.他们羡慕我们的成功. ___________________________envy sb. doing sth. 羡慕某人做某事be in envy of one’s success 羡慕某人的成功
envy at/ of sth.对某事物的忌妒/羡慕11) leave…alone 不管；不打扰；让…独自待着不要动我的书.
_____________________Leave my book alone.由我来做吧.
_________________________ Let me alone to do it.leave behind 留下;忘带;遗留
leave out 省去;排除;遗漏pile a number of things lying on top of one another ; an amount of sth that is in a large mess
There were a pile of magazines on the desk .
I’ve got piles of work to do this evening . The fallen leaves piled up .堆积 a pile of / piles of = lots ofor rather: a way of correcting sth you have said, or make it more exact.He lives in London, or rather he lives in a suburb of London.
他住在伦敦,更确切地说是在伦敦郊区.
You have to be sixteen for cheaper tickets --- or rather under sixteen.
你得是16岁才能有便宜的票,更确切地说是16岁以下.Grammar
Pasive Voice (I)including the infinitive一.复习被动语态（Revise the Passive Voice）
英语动词有主动语态（the active voice）和被动语态(the passive voice)两种形式.
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；
被语态表示主语是动作的承受者.如：
Everyone enjoys exciting sports.（主动语态） Exciting sports are enjoyed by everyone.(被动语态)
转换规则：用公式表示为:(主动)S+V+O S(O)+V(be+ V -ed)+ by+O(S)，如：
Miss Li is teaching music now. Music is being taught ( by Miss Li) now.时式二.常见主被动时态变化一览表am/is/are being givenhas/have been givenwas/were being givenhad been givenshall/will have been given1.English is spoken all over the world.
2.The water is being turned into vapour.
3.Those rooms have not been cleaned yet.
4.He was seen to enter the room.
5.At that time they were being shown how to run the machine.
6.Radios had just been invented then, and people were talking about sending pictures by electricity.
7.Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium.
8.Before you come back, the building will have been finished.三. 含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态：情态动词+be +过去分词
四. 或类似结构（be going to, have to 等）变成被动语态：
This room is going to be painted next week. 这个房间下周粉刷。
Go away! I want to be left alone.走开！我想独自待一会儿。
This problem can be solved. 这问题可解决。What’s done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。George might be sent to American by his company in August.公司可能八月份派乔治去美国。五. 不定式被动式的用法:3. 不定式的完成被动式表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前.Eg. He ordered the bridge to be built within the month.他命令在月内建成这座桥.(一般被动式)
She was glad to have been given so much help.得到如此多的帮助,她很高兴.(完成被动式)1. 不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时(即，其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者）,要用不定式的被动式.2. 不定式的一般被动式表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生;▲动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表to be doneto have been done(1)The meeting to be held is of great importance.
(2)The bridge to be built next year is just between the one built last year and the one being built now.
(3)This house seems to have been built by a good architect.More examples:▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如：They say that Mike is sick in bed.It is said that Mike is sick in bed.Mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.It is believed that he was killed.He is believed to have been killed.
大家相信他被杀了.▲在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to. They make her clean the floor. She is made to clean the floor by them. We saw a stranger walk into the building. A stranger was seen to walk into the building.Byebye!课件24张PPT。Listening Discussing & WritingUnit 2 Tony was a robot that would be t____ out in Claire’s house while her husband was a______. At the first sight if Tony, Claire felt rather a_____ because Tony looked more like a handsome man. When offered to help dressing, she got e__________. Claire planned to make herself and her house e________ but she felt a_______ to be shown s__________ by a robot. In order to make her happy, Tony s______ a pile of books and got a plan. Without being a_________, she went to buy the required items alone. When talking to Tony on the phone, she was discovered by Gladys, who might think she had an a______ with some man. It was so a_______ that she wept with anger at home. In order to let Claire be e_____ by those women like Gladys, Tony decided to transform the house completely and organize a party. While helping with the improvement, Claire fell off a ladder but was caught by Tony in time and held f_____ in his arms. Eventually, Tony helped Claire win the v_______ and d________ that he felt more than just the desire to please her. Sad at the fact, Claire asked to be l_____ alone and ran to her bed, crying hard.estedbsentlarmedmbarrassedlegantbsurdympathycannedccompaniedffairwfulnviedirmlyictoryeclaredeft
What do you think of the story “Satisfaction Guaranteed”?
Do you like the story? Why?
Do you think human will be able to make a robot like Tony?
Do you like a robot like Tony at your house?Leading-inListening1. Listen to a conversation between Molly and Kate , who are discussing the story “Satisfaction Guaranteed”, then tick the correct boxes.1. Who really likes the story?
2. Who thinks that Claire loved
Tony?
3. Who thinks that Tony loved
Claire? Molly Kate √√√Listening I4.Who thinks that the purpose of Tony’s actions was to make Claire feel good about herself.
5.Who thinks that humans will never be able to make a robot like Tony?
6.Who would really like a robot like Tony at her house? Molly Kate √√√2.Listen again and answer the questions:What does Kate think the difference between robots and humans is?
How does think Claire was hurting herself?
Why would one of the girls like a robot like Tony living at her house?
What is the joke that Kate makes?
What does Kate think the company’s biggest mistakes was?Listening IIWhat does Kate think the difference between robots and humans is?Robots can’t______________________.2.How does think Claire was hurting herself?By seeing herself in a _________way.3.Why would one of the girls like a robot like Tony living at her house?She likes the idea of a handsome man whose only purpose was ______________.negativefeel emotion of any kindto please herkey:4.What is the joke that Kate makes?5.What does Kate think the company’s biggest mistakes was?The joke is that Tony is _________________________________.Making the robot ______________________________.really a man pretending to be a robotlook so much like a real mankey:3. Listen again and then fill in the following sentences.I don’t ___________ robots can possibly feel emotion of any kind.
I __________________ Tony loved Claire.
I _______________ I just want to think he was more human than he was.
think/believethink/suppose/guess/believesuppose/guessListening III(4)I ______ how they could actually make a robot seem as if he had emotions.
(5)_______ Tony was just a very complicated computer.
(6)I _________________ that Tony was really a man pretending to be a robot.
(7)I _________________________ that was the company’s biggest mistake.wonderMaybethink/guess/believethink/suppose/guess/believeSpeakingSpeaking TopicIn the future, people will have robots in their houses to do the house work.Group AGroup BThe positive effectsThe negative effectsBadGoodThe expressions about supposition and belief:I think/ I suppose / I guess/I wonder I believeMaybe…useful expressions:WritingWritingImagine you are engineers in a company that makes robots and you have been asked to design a new type of robot. Your robot can be used :In the home (2) In a workplace
(3)In the street
(4)In the natural environment
(5)In space or anywhere elseWhat can a robot do?do the cleaningdo some shoppingplay basketball with human beingtake care of children act as a policemanas a sellercook some things…You are divided into groups of four to design your robot. You can follow the steps as below:1.Decide the purpose of the robot.
2. Make a list of the abilities the robot has.
3.Draw a picture on a piece of paper and name its parts and explain what each part does.
4.Write a paragraph describing the robot and what it can do.Tips on designing your robots:For each robot that you build, you will have to choose options for six major robot characteristics. These are:Looks: What does the robot look like? Is there a reason for it to look as it does?
Sensing: How does the robot “know” or figure out what’s in its environment?3. Movement: How does the robot move within its environment?
4.Manipulation: How does the robot move or manipulate other objects within its environment?
5.Energy: How is the robot powered? Can it have more than one energy source?
6.Intelligence: How does the robot “think”?A sample writing:The rubbish collectorThe rubbish collector is a robot about half the size of a small car. Its body is square and contains a large rubbish bin inside it. It has a camera attached to the top front of its body. Also at the front is a pair of arms. Underneath it has four wheels and six legs. With the camera it can “see” rubbish such as paper, glass, and plastic. If the surface of the ground is smooth, it runs on its wheels, and if the ground is rough, it unfolds its legs and walks.When it sees a piece of rubbish, it stops and uses its arms to pick it up and put it in its rubbish bin. However, when it sees a person, an animal or a plant, it goes around it as it is able to recognize when something is not a piece of rubbish.The company should make this robot as it would be very popular with schools. It would clean the outside grounds of the school and so give the students more time to spend on their studies. It would also be a great advantage to have at sports grounds or any other area where rubbish is dropped by the public.HomeworkFinish your essay, and draw a picture describing the robot you designed.Byebye!课件21张PPT。Using language –
Reading and writingUnit 2A Biography of Isaac AsimovA science fiction writerWho’s the original writer of “Satisfaction Guaranteed”?Isaac AsimovSkimming:Glance through the passage and then find out the answers to the following questions:Which paragraph tells you when and where Asimov was born and died?
Which paragraph tells you about his education?
Which paragraph tells you about awards he received?Para.2Para.3Para.5Read through the text and then find out the answers to the following questions:What subject did Asimov teach?
When did he start having stories published?
How many children did he have?Scanning:He taught biochemistry.In 1939.Two children, a son and a daughter.Read about Isaac Asimov and complete the timeline of the events in his life.
Date Event
Born in Russia.
___________.
___________________________.
Parents bought a candy store.
___________________________.
Mother had her third child.
____ Started to take himself seriously as a writer.
________________________________
________________________________.Sister bornMoved with family to New YorkStarted working in a candy store1931Began having stories published in science fiction magazinesCareful-reading:Date Event
____ Gained Master’s degree in chemistry.
Finished working in the candy store.
________________.
1942-1945 _____________________________.
____ Got PhD in chemistry.
____ Became a biochemistry teacher, Boston
University School of Medicine.
Published his first novel.
_____________ . Developed three laws
for robots.
1941Got married19481949Published “I, Robot”Worked as junior chemist, Philadelphia Navy YardDate Event
1951-1953 Published “The Foundation Trilogy” and
won an award for it.
_____ Published first science book
_____ Became a full-time writer.
Divorced his first wife.
__________________________.
_____ Had a blood transfusion. Became infected
with HIV.
1992 ________________________.19531958Married for a second time1983Died in New YorkAsimov’s Laws For RobotsFirst Law : A robot must not injure human beings or allow them to be injured.
Second Law : A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings (as long as human being are not injured ).
Third Law : A robot must protect its own existence (as long as human beings are not injured; and as long as the robot does not disobey the human beings).Discuss:1. Which set of laws do you think is better? why?
2. Which law is the story “Satisfaction Guaranteed” based on ?
3. What might happen in a world where there were robots if Asimov’s three laws did not exist.Discussion:1. A Biography of Isaac Asimov
biography n.传记
bio(尤其供公开发表的)个人简历(biography的缩写)
bio cards传记档案卡; bio information传记资料
bio-表示“生命, 生物”之义
biophysics生物物理学
biochemistry n.生物化学Language PointsThe singer and the dancer __________(be)
Coming for a visit .The singer and dancer _______( be ) coming for a visit .2. an American scientist and writer 一位科学家兼作家is / wasare/ wereliterature: writing that is considered to be work of art , including novels ,plays and poetry A knife and fork _______ ( be ) on the desk .is / was3. fiction : stories / novels ,etc which describe events and people do not existnon-fiction : writing that is about real people ,events and facts4. search + 地方 / 人 表示在某地/某人身上寻找/搜寻
search for 寻找某物
= search + place + for + object
in search of 寻找,作状语,表示目的
The enemies _____________the Red Army man everywhere .
They have ____________ the whole city _______the missing boy .
The boy has been to many places _____________his lost cat .searchedsearched forin search of5. From 1942 to 1948 he worked as a junior chemist …
junior adj. younger , lower in rank 较年轻的/职位稍低的
He is the junior employee in the firm .
He is two years junior to me.
senior: older; higher in rank较年长的；职位稍高的
He is two years senior to me.
senior citizens 老人6. he started to take himself seriously as a writer.
take sb/ sth seriously: regard sb/ sth as important and worth treating with respect认真对待某人／某事
He takes things too seriously.他对事太认真了。
You can’t take her promises seriously; she never keeps her word.
If you can’t treat your study seriously, you will fail in the coming examination.
▲反义词：take … for granted认为…是理所当然的，想当然，不把…当回事7. Soon after his divorce in 1973, …
divorce
n.: legal ending of a marriage离婚, 脱离
vt.: put an end to a marriage by law使离婚, 与...脱离
ask for a divorce;
get divorced;
divorce … from
His wife asked for a divorce.
They got divorced last year.
They are divorcing each other.
She divorced her husband two years ago.
We shouldn’t divorce theory from practice. 8. award ( vt / n )
honour / prize / reward
He won the __________for the best student of year .
It ‘s an ___________to hear you speak so highly of me .
He won the Nobel _________for literature .
He got a ________of $ 100 for helping them.
awardhonourPrizerewardWriting 1. CollocationMake up your mind what achievement you want to make in your life. Then go over the text, trying to recognize the collocations, study the organization of the text and pay attention to phrases and sentences describing time order and achievements.
2. Make your own timeline
3.Write your own story with the collocations from “A Biography of ---”, trying to use the following Chronological (按年代顺序排列的)Sequence Chronological Sequence
---’s life began in --- where he/she was born on---
It ended in --- on ---when
When he/she was --,--- for the next – years,
At the age of --, --- until---,----
From – to --, --- the next year,---
It was when --- was – years old that his/her talent-
Throughout his/her life,----
---lasted – years, soon after---HomeworkComplete the biography of your own.
Goodbye!AssignmentFinish the Reading Task in the workbook.This is the end of unit2Thanks for your concentration!课件34张PPT。Unit 2RobotsWhat is robots?What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think of a robot?a computera fiction charactera movie stara machinea servantWarming up – IChoose your favorite one.What do you think a robot can do ?Warming up – II communicatemove as
programmedcarry heavy objectsplay sportsWhat is a robot?A robot is a machine designed to do jobs that are usually performed by humans.Pre-reading I Do you think it is possible for a robot to:
think for itself?
have feelings?
have its own needs and desires?
look and feel like a human being?Discuss:Pre-reading II Is it a real girl?Will it be possible for a human to fall in love with a robot? Background information:
A retelling of an Isaac Asimov’s story called Satisfaction Guaranteed.
About a human-like robot.
The robot caused the main character to have some very confusing feelings.
Asimov’s first law for robots: A robot must not injure human beings or allow them to be injured. Satisfaction Guaranteed Reading PassageLarry Belmont
Claire
Tony
Gladys ClaffernSkimming:
Characters in the story:---- Larry’s wife, a housewife---- the robot ---- employed in a company that makes robots---- a woman that Claire enviesSkimming: What is the text mainly about?It is mainly about how a ______ used to do the ____________ was _______________in a_______.
robothouseworktested outfamilyscanning Read through the passage and then answer the following questions:1.Why did Larry put Tony into his family?
2.What was the robot called Tony like?My dear wife…Larry Belmont1.Why did Larry put Tony into his family?
Because he wanted to test out how a robot used for housework in a family.Find out the information about Tonytallhandsomefacial expressions
never changedsmooth and black
hairdeep voicesoft and warm skinquick clevercapable1. Make her feel good about herself:
1) offer her sympathy
2) scan books
3) gave her a new haircut
4) change the makeup she wore
5) talk to the salesman
2. Completely transformed her home
3. Hold a party to show the changesWhat did Tony do to prevent Claire from being harmed?alarmedtallhandsomesmoothblackdeepembarrassedfingernailssoftnesswarmthHappy, surprised, shyCareful-readingsurprisehappysad1. Why did Claire feel alarmed at the sight of Tony?
A. Because he was a robot.
B. Because she did’t like him.
C. Because he was more like a being than a machine.
D. Because he never changed his facial expressions.Skimming Choose the best answer2. The robot Tony helped Claire to realize her dreams by______.
A. making her home elegant
B. giving her a new haircut and changing the make-up she wore
C. giving her advice on her dresses
D. all the above3. As a result, the experiment shows_______.
A. Claire and Tony fell in love with each other
B. Tony had to be rebuilt
C. Tony was angry with his designer
D. Both A and B4. All the following statements are true except _______.
Tony tried to please Claire
Claire tried to displease Tony
Tony managed to protect Claire
Gladys admired Claire for her Tony5. We can infer from the passage that_____.
Claire liked Tony but feared him
Claire cried because Tony made her angry
Claire forgot Tony as soon as Tony left her
Tony had no feelings as human being.1. Why did Tony open the curtains?
He wanted Claire’s guests to see him and Claire together so that she would be envied by women guests .Post-reading2. What did Tony do to prevent Claire from being harmed?
He had prevented Claire from harming herself by making her feel good about herself. He helped her make her and her home elegant so that she would not feel like a failure. 3. Why should Tony be rebuilt?
Because the company (designers) cannot have women falling in love with machines.In groups, list Tony’s characteristics that were similar to those of a human being and different from those of a human being.CharacteristicsPhysical MentalEmotional SimilarDifferentDiscussion CharacteristicsSimilarDifferentPhysical(1)Looks like_______________.
(2)Body and skin are_____. (3)Hair and fingernails_____________. (4)Voice like__________.(1)Facial expressions____________. (2)______________________ (She fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room, he managed to catch her in time)
warmrealistica human’snever changeCharacteristicsSimilarDifferentMentalAble to ______________and predictions. Able to ___________and follow it through. Has good ______________ skills
Behaviour not_____________ (Tony asked Claire whether she needed help dressing)make suggestionsmake a plancommunicationappropriateCharacteristicsSimilarDifferentEmotionalCan show __________ for Claire and can give ___________ to her.sympathyencouragementDiscussion:1. Do you think Tony was also in love with Claire?
2. If so, do you think it acceptable for Claire
and Tony to be in love?HomeworkDo you think it needs to rebuild Tony, why or why not?Thank you for listening!
