初三复习要点
第一册
1.打电话用语:你是王芳吗?Is that Wang Fang 不能说成Are you Wang Fang
我是王芳。This is Wang Fang. 不能说成 I am Wang Fang.
我可以与王芳通电话吗? Can I speak to Wang Fang
别挂断,稍等。Hold on ,please.
2. Is this / that … 回答是Yes, it is. 不能说成 Yes, this/that is.
3、 What is five plus two 注意be 动词用单数,加减乘除作主语,谓语都用单数。
4、in English , in a low voice 等都用in .
5、 元音音素 前面用an, 反之则用a, 不是看字母。
6、at school 在学校;at home 在家里; at work 在工作;
7、Bill is in. Bill is at home. 这里的be in === be at home 在家里。
8、 名词变复数的规则:一般加s; 以s, x, sh ,ch,及部分以o字母结尾的单词加es; 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y 为i 加es; 以f 或fe 结尾的变f 和fe为v再加es;
不规则变化: Chinese Japanese people deer sheep
man--- men tooth ----- teeth woman ---- women foot ----feet German -----Germans child --- children potato---- potatoes tomato----- tomatoes photos ----- photos
9、 man woman 修饰其他复数名词时,两个都要变成复数, 两个男教师,two men teachers;而其他名词修饰名词时,只能变最后的名词, 两棵香蕉树 two banana trees.
10、on duty 值日 this way, please. 这边走。 After you. 你先来,你先走。 Over there. 在那边。In the same class 有冠词the ; in different classes 没有冠词,注意复数。
11、长在树上用on, 其余的情况用in.
12、on the wall 在墙上, in the wall 在墙里
13、a map of china 一幅中国地图
14、look at 看着 look for 寻找强调动作; look after照顾; look up 查找; look over检查;look like 看起来像
15、there be 某地存在某物, have / has 某人有某物, There are two windows in our classroom. Our classroom has two windows. 如属于某物的部分可以用have /has.对there be 提问用what’s +地点?
16、put on穿上; take off 脱下;起飞
17、基数词变序数词;one--- first two---- second three---- third ( 一、二、三特殊记)
four--- fourth(th四加起)eight--- eighth nine---- ninth(八去t,九减e)five---fifth twelve---twelfth twenty---twentieth(f来把ve替,ty变成tie)thirty-one ----- thirty-first (若是遇到几十几只变个位就可以)
18、时间表达法:A、直接表达;先说小时后说分B:间接表达法:先说分中间加介词,后说小时,小于等于30时用past;大于30时用to . a quarter to eight 7:45 a quarter past eight 8:15
19、be in +颜色== wear 表状态
20、形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词,可修饰其它名词作定语,名词性物主代词相当于一个名词不能作定语,只能作主语或表语;人称代词的主格和宾格。
21、by bike on the(a ) bike
22、in on at 表时间;在年月季节,早 晚前用in;在具体的天、节日和具体的早晚前用on;在具体的时间点上用at, at noon / at night / at the weekend
23、what’s your favourite season ==== Which season do you like best
24、be from==come from来自于; play with 玩耍
25、不用谢的表达:That’s all right. That’s OK. Not at all. You’re welcome.
26、It’s time to do sth. It’s time for + N. It’s time for sb to do sth.
27、用动词原形的动词短语:let sb do / make sb do / have sb do / see sb do sth / hear sb do sth watch sb do
28、give sb sth ===give sth to sb .但物和人都用宾格时只能用后一种形式。Give it to me.
29、must have to
1.must:表主观愿意做某事;只有一般现在时与一般过去时。
have to : 表客观逼迫某人做某事;有各种时态。
2、 can :能够。只有一般现在时与一般过去时。
be able to :能够。有各种时态。
3. Could you tell me …?此句表委婉请求,并非一般过去时。
4. bring :带来。指双方约定的地点用bring. 例: Bring me some tea.
take: 带走。
5. be full of =be filled with 装满。
6. a boule of water 一瓶水;two bottkes(复数) of water (单数)两瓶水 。
7. What about… 怎么样? 后面的动词应加ing ,因about 是介词。
Thank sb for … 为某事感谢某人。后面的动词应加ing,因for 是介词。
8.both:(两者)都
all :(两者以上)都 晕两个词都应位于连系动词后,行为动词前。
9.other: 别的。后面跟一名词复数。例:What other things.
else:别的。常位于疑问词和不定代词后。 What else
10.a pair of :一对,一双 a pair of shoes: 此短语为单数。
11.Put away:把…收起来,代词位于中间。
Send away:开除; wash away:冲走;run away:逃跑。
12.one …the other… (当只有两者时)一个…另一个…
13. What’s wrong = what’s up =what’s the matter
14. help sb do sth=help sb to do sth= help sb with sth
15. look after=take care of; have a good tine= eajoy onesdf
16. open 动词:打开
形容词:开着的。 而close 只能是动词,它的形容词是closed.
17. what’s wrong with… …怎么啦?…出毛病了吗?
18.Can may must 等情态动词无人称和数的变化,后必须跟动词原形。
19.祈使句首动词必须用原形,否定祈使句是在句首加don’t.
20. 常见的不可数名词:
(1) drink(饮料类): water milk tea juice coffee porridge
(2)food(食物类):rice meat bread sugar salt pork beef
(3)其他:money paper time news weather work homework houseword information
21. fish:指鱼肉时为不可数名词;指鱼的种类和数量时为可数名词。
Time:指时间为不可数名词,指次数为可数名词
Hair:头发。大多时候为不可数名词,指几根头发时为可数名词
Glass:指玻璃进为不可数名词,指玻璃杯时为可数名词
Orange:指桔汁时为不可数名词,指桔子时为可数名词
Paper:指纸时为不可数名词,指报纸时为可数名词。
22.不可数名词的用法:(1)不可数名词只有单数,无复数;(2)不可数名词前不能直接加a(an) one two…等词。不可数名词量的表达方法:可数的名词+of+不可数名词。
23. Can I help you 服务人员用语。
24. would like to do =want to do =feel like doing
25. would you like something it eat 肯定回答:Yes, please. 否定:No, thand.]
26.some:用于肯定句。但在 需得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中却应该用some.如:Would you like some orange
27. something to eat/ drink 一些吃/ 的东西。
28.Be good at =do well in 在…学得好
be good for :对…有益
29. Don’t do it like this. 不要这样做
30. With:(1)和(2)用(3)带着
31. Let’s :包括说话人在内; let us :不包括说话人在内
比较:Let’s go to school, shall we Let us go to school, will you
32. talk with:与某人谈话; talk about:谈论某事
33.Do one’s homework:做作业 in one’s life:某人的一生
34.find:找到,指结果 listen to :听,指动作
find out:找到,要经过一定的努力,指结果。 hear: 听见,指结果
look for :寻找,指动作
35.potato tomato 的复数加es; photo radio 的复数加s
36. on the river:在河面上;in the river :在河里
37. Take photos:照相 make the bed:整理床铺
38. a lot of =lotsof 许多 修饰可数、不可数名词 few:没有,修饰可数名词
many: 许多 修饰可数名词 a few:一些,修饰可数名词
much:许多 修饰不可数名词 little:没有,修饰不可数名词
a number of :许多 修饰可数名词 a little: 一些,修饰不可数名词
39.much too :很,十分,修饰形容词、副词
too much:很多,修饰不可数名词
too many: 很多,修饰不可数名词
many too :无此短语
40. borrow:借进,与介词from连用,短暂性动词
lend:借出,与介词to 连用,短暂性动词
keep:借, 延续性动词
41.teach sb sth:此处应该用人称代词宾格
42.return=give…back… 归还 give sb a hand=help
43. in the middle of 在…中间 at this time of day: 每天定时候
44.after class:下课后 have a meeting:开会
45.learn…from…从某人处学习
46. be from 或come from +国家/地方 来自…
47.ask sb to do sth ask sb not to do sth
48. not…at all 一点也不,根本不
49.In hospital 生病住院
in the hospital在医院里
50.in front of :在…前面(物体外)
in the front of :在…前部(物体内)
51.write to :写信给某人
52.make friends:交朋友 make faces: 做鬼脸
53.Like doing :喜欢做…
would like to do :想做…
feel like doing:想做…
54.on a farm:在农场上 in an office:在办公室里
55.what do you do 你是干什么的?(询问职业)
56.At night =in the night 在夜里
57. make money:挣钱
58. what day is it to day 今天是星期几?
What’s the date today 今天几号?
What’s the weather like today 今天天气怎样?
59.Have breakfast/lunch/supper.中间无冠词
60.Get up:起床 go to bed: 睡觉
61.put on :穿上 take off:脱下(代词位于中间)
62.By bike(中间无词)=on a bike(中间有词)
63.do some shopping:买东西 do some reading:读书
64.In the middle of the day=at noon在中午
65.on foot:步行
66. why not +动词原形…?为什么不…呢?(提建议)
67.Some time:一些时间(对它提问用how long)
some times:一些次数(对它提问用how many times)
sometime:某个时候
sometimes:有时(对它提问用how often)
68. how long:对时间的长短提问
how often:对频率提问
how soon:对in+一段时间提问
69. how much:多少,多少钱
70. like(1)喜欢,动词;(2)像…介词
71.all day:整天 all kinds of :各种各样的
72.do with:处理,处置
73. what do you do that for =why do you do that
74. 现在进行时态:(1)构成:be +现在分词 (2) 概念:表现在正在进行的动作(3)常用词:now ,look listen (4)句型转换:抓be
75. 一般现在时态:(1)构成:当主语为三人称单数时,谓语动词用三人称单数形式;当主语为非三人称单数时,谓语动词用原形。
(2)概念:表经常发生的动作或状态
(3)常用词:every, usually, often .sometimes. never, always 等
(4)句型转换:用do 或does;用does后,动词要还原。
1. thank sb for doing sth. 动词应加ing. 因for 为介词
2. On Teachers’ Day:在教师节(1)字母大写(2)’在s后(3)无冠词the
3. welcome back to school:欢迎回到学校
4.Here is a card for you with our best wishes
5. 日期的表达:月日,年,要求日期用序数词,如1988年5 月1日应为May the first, 1988
6. It doesn’t matter:没关系,不要紧
7. Lesson one =the first lesson 第一课
8. had better do sth/ had better not do sth
9. want sb to do sth/ want sb not to do sth
10. give a talk:作报告
11. why not +动词原形…? = why don’t you…
12. talk about +内容; talk with+人
13. different 的名词为difference; dangerous的名词为danger
14. between … and … 在两者之间
15. full name:全名family name:女生
16. Mr. Miss. Mrs. Ms 等称呼应该位于姓前
17. the +姓的复数表示一家人。如: the Greens 格林一家人
18. Be short for …简称
19. be different from…与…不同
20. for example:例如
21.On the first floor:在第一层 在某一层楼介词用on
22. no longer === not any longer not any more === no more (常表示数量)
23. On time 准时 in time 及时
24.go shopping; go fishing; go swimming; go hiking
25. go on a picnic 野炊
26.May 情态动词,可能,后面必须跟一动词原形在句中作谓语。may be 是两个词,可能是,在句中作谓语;maybe 可能,是副词,在句中作状语,位于句首或句中=== perhaps.
27. agree with sb 同意某人 agree to sth 同意某事。
28. trip over 被……绊倒
29. die 死,非延续性动词,dead 死的,形容词,表状态,death 名词。
He has died. He has been dead for three years. 不能说 He has died for three years.
这类的包括所有非延续性动词,都不能和时间段连用。
30.leave for 去了某地。
31. hurry up === be quick == to do in a hurry; hurry off 匆匆地离开
32.go to the wrong way === lost the way == get lost 迷路,走错路。
33.have no time ==== not be free
e over 顺便来访
35.On Mid-Autumn Day 在中秋节
36.another === one more another two === two more
37. next day 明天 the next day 在第二天
38. wait for sb 等人 can’t wait for doing sth 迫不及待地做某事 can’t help with 禁不住
39.also 用于句中 肯定; too 用于肯定,置于句末; either用于否定,置于句末。
40.形容词的比较级和最高级,A、单音节词和部分双音节词 加er est ;以e结尾的直接加r ; st; 以辅音字母y 结尾,变y为i加er, est. fat hot wet red thin big 要双写加er est
B、部分双音节词和多音节词 加more most ,加less least 意思相反。
C、不规则变 good well---- better--- best ; little ---- less--- least ; many much---- more --- most
far--- farther--- farthest ; bad badly ---- worse---worst
41.形容词的最高级前加the
42.形容词的比较级用于两者之间,标志为than
43.三者或以上的比较,标志为in , of ; in后是范围,of后面表示数量。
44.much far even a little a bit 可以修饰形容词的比较级
45.比较级 and 比较级 表示越来越, the 比较级, the 比较级,表示越……越……
46.He is the taller of the two boys.(比较级前有个the)
47.as…原级 as… 和 一样; not so/as 原级as 不及,不如
48.one of the 最高级+名词复数
49.形容词可在系动词之后,作表语,也位于名词前作定语。副词则在句中作状语,修饰动词,可在句前,句中,句末。
50.表建议,let’s … . Shall we … Why not… . How about +doing What about +doing
第二册 5—8单元
1.enough 修饰形容词或副词时,位于其后;修饰名词时,位于名词前
2. I don’t know what to do .疑问词要用what,不能用how 等。
3. enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得高兴=play happily
4.next to :临近,靠近
5.On one’s left:在左边 on one’s right :在右边
6.all the time: 一直 all the same:仍然
7.Walk along this road :沿着这条路走
take the fourth turning on the left 在第四个路口向左转
8.Keep your eyes open(=形容词); keep your eyes closed(=形容词)
9.keep +宾+宾补 find +宾+宾补(可用形容词作宾补)
10.pass:传递,经过,超过(动词) past:经过,超过(介词)
11.Ask for :寻求
12.Up and down:上上下下
13. It take(s) sb some time to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间
14.Get out of :从…出来 look out of :从…向外看
15. Would you like to come I’d love to. 此句to 不能省略。
16.keep healthy:保持健康(health 是名词,healthy是形容词)
17. look after= take care of 照顾
18. by the way:顺便说一下 on the way:在路上 in the way:用这种方法
9—12单元
1.Grow up :长大
2.At the same time:同时
3.Moment ago =just now 刚才
4. 动词变过去式的规则变化(1)一般加ed (2)以e结尾,加d(3)以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i, 加ed. (4)双写,加ed,如:plan travel shop stop等
5.一般过去时态(1)概念:表已经发生的动作或状态。(2)构成:谓语动词用过去式
(3)常用词:yesterday last ago just now 等表过去时间的词(4) 句型转换:用did 用did后,谓语动词要还原。
6.Say goodbye to :与某人告别; say hello to :与某人打招呼
7.Good luck with…:祝…好运
8.At first 起初,首先
9.Be born 出生
10.More than=over 多于,超过
11.Fall down:摔倒 fall off: 从…落下
12. fall:摔倒(原形) fell:摔倒(过去式) feel:感觉(原形) felt:感觉(过去式)
13.At the end of :在…尽头,在…末尾
by the end of :到…为止(出现后用过去完成时) in the end=at last=finally最后
14.Good:形容词 well:副词。但作身体好的意思时,well 是形容词
15.go on doing sth:继续做同样的事 go on to do sth:继续做不同的事
16. try to do sth :努力做… try doing sth:试着做…
17.in a hurry:匆忙地
18. get married:结婚
19.一周的第一天是Sunday.一年的第一个月是January
20.默写星期、月份、季节三类单词
21. 默写基数词1-20,默写序数词第1-第20。
22. come out:出来(花开放,太阳出来)
23. Get turn 作变得讲时,是连系动词
24.At this time of year:在一年的这个时候
25. all the year round:全年
26. last =go on :持续
27. 名词+y后可变成形容词。如health-healthy; cloud-cloudy
28. at times:有时,时不时地=sometimes=now and then
29.above :在…之上below:在…之下
30.What bad weather it is! 没有冠词。因为weather 是不可数
31. 感叹句的结构
how +形(副) what+a(an)+形+可单 what +形+可复(不可数) +(主+谓)(可省略)!
32.大雨:heavy rain; 大风:strong wind;不能用big修饰人日的多少即population要用large/big/small修饰
33. Every(1)用于三者及以上的数量;(2)不能带of(3)只能作定语,后有一名词。
Each:(1)用于两者(2)可以带of (3)可作主语、宾语、定语。
34.Hope:指实现可能大的希望;hope to do或 hope +从句。无hope sb to do
wish :指实现可能小的希望;有 wish sb to do 这个短语。
35.right now =now =at the moment:现在
just now:刚才,用于一般过去时态。
36.Hold on, please. 请别挂断。
37.there’s no time to do sth.没有时间做某事。
38.get ready to do sth get ready for sth 为…作准备
39.leave a message:留言
40. turn over:把…翻过来
41.more than:多于;less than:少于
42.never . always. sometimes .every .often .once a week 等短语表示频率,对他们提问用how often.
43. help yourself to +名词:随便吃
44. during= in 在…期间
45. neither…nor… 既不…也不…(两者都不)
either…or… 或者…或者…(两者中有一个)
both… and…两者…都…(两者都)
not only … but also…不但…而且…
46.…or …;either…or…. neither…nor…. Not only… but also…满足从句原则
13-18单元
1.On weekdays:在工作日 at the weekend :在周末
2. both:两者都;复数
all : 三者或三者以上都;复数
neither:两者都不;单数
none:三者或三者以上都不,单复数都可
neither:两者中的一个;单数;还可以表示也,用于否定句末尾
3.No one= nobody(1)表示没有人(2)不能带of结构
none:(1)表示没有人或物(2)可带of结构(3)好懒
4.修饰不定代词的形容词应位于其后。一些重要的事情: something important
5. be angry with: 生某人的气
6. be famous for :以…出名 be well-known as
7.take-away food:快餐
8. with 的反义词是without,两个都是介词
9. a little:一点,后可以跟形容词的原级,比较级或不可数名词
a bit:一点,后只能跟形容词的原级、比较级
a bit of:一点,后只能跟不可数名词
a little of :一点,后只能跟不可数名词
所以a little有时等于a bit,有时等于a bit of
10. not …a little===much too 很,十分
not…a bit=== not …at all 一点也不,根本不
11.else:别的,其余的,常位于疑问词或不定代词后
other:别的,其余的,其后有一名词复数
12. cross:动词,横过
across: 介词,横过cross=go across
13. not … until…:直到…才…
14.Across:从物体的表面经过,横过,如过马路,过桥,过河,沙漠
through:从物体的空间穿过,竖过,如过门,过森林等
15. can you tell me how I can get to the school =can you tell me where the school is = can you tell me the way to the school
16.On one’s way to :在某人去…的路上
on one’s way home:在某人回家的路上(没有to ,因home是副词)
17. seem 是连系连词,它有三种结构:
(1)seem+形容词 ; (2)seem to do; (3)it seem(s)+从句
18.what’s wrong =what’s the trouble = what’s the matter
19. be ill in hospital生病住院(无定冠词the )
20. quite a …一个很…的东西 quite a big desk.=== a very big desk
21. reach=get to =arrive in/at reach 后无介词,因为它是及物动词,get后带to, arrive后带in或at 。注意当后面是home here there 等副词时,介词to in at 都要省略。
22. the key to my bike:我自行车的钥匙(介词应该用to)
23. turn left at the second crossing.在第二个路口向右转
24. five minutes’ walk五分钟步行的路程
ten years’ time:十年的时间
25. on the other side of the road:在路的另一边
26. get lost:迷失、迷路
27. noise, traffic是不可数名词
28. get on: 上车 beg off 下车
get into: 上小汽车 get …out of:下小汽车
29. Stand in line:站成一排
30. in the city of :在…市
31. at the head of 在…前面
32. near to : 离…近 far from:离…远
33. laugh at:嘲笑
34. alone: (环境上)单独
lonely:(情感上)孤独、寂寞的,还可表现荒凉的
35. in fact:事实上
36. quarrel with:与…争吵
37. to one’s surprise:令某人惊奇的是
in surprise:惊奇地
38. in a tired voice用疲倦的声音
39. noise:噪音
sound:一切声音
voice:语音、嗓音
40. 在状语从句中,当主句动作未发生成为一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时
41. throw about:乱扔
42. have a headache: 头痛have a cough:咳嗽
43. feel well:感觉身体好
44. take one’s temperature:量体温
45. try on:试穿,介词位于中间
46. work 是不可数名词,而job是可数名词
47.连系动词有: taste smell look sound be become burn get feel go(变得) seem
48.连系动词后跟 形容词作表语
49. instead of 把…代替掉(此短语常用来考同义句)
50. exercise作运动讲时是不可数名词,作练习讲时是可数名词
rain 作雨水讲时是不可数名词,作一场雨讲时是可数名词
snow作雪讲时是不可数名词,作一场雪讲时是可数名词
51. take exercise:运动
52. fall asleep=be asleep=go to sleep睡着
53. as soon as :一…就…
54. wake up:叫醒(代词位于中间)
1. on a visit to :参观,拜访
2. everything: 每件事情,一要 nothing: 没有 something:某事(肯定句中) anything: 某事(否定句、疑问句中)它们者是不定代词
3. pull… out of…:把…从…拉出来
pull…up from…:把…从…拉上来
4. look around:环视
5. all by oneself:全靠某人自己
6. missing=lost:丢失的,形容词
7. too…to…:太…而不能…
8. too…for sb to…:对某人来说太…而不能…
9; get back取回,拿回
10. ran away: 逃跑ran after追赶
11. eat up:吃光
12. sooner or later:迟早
13. 反身代词:myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
14.反身代词的用法:
(1)与某些动词连用。如:teach oneself (自学) help oneself to (随便吃)
hurt oneself(伤某人自己) look after oneself(照顾某人自己)
enjoy oneself(玩得高兴) wash oneself(洗某人自己)
(2)与介词 by连用。 by oneself靠某人自己
15. leave one by oneself:把某人单独留下
16. make+宾语+宾语补足语。如: make you happy
17. join:参加 (组织),无介词 in。短暂性动词
take part in:参加(活动)。短暂性动词
18. turn on; turn off; turn up; turn down
19. turn on:打开(电灯、水龙头等)
open:打开(门、窗、眼等)
20.一个半小时: one and a half hours或 one hour and a half
21. make faces:做鬼脸
22. when:延续性与短暂性动词都可使用
while:后只能用表状态的动词,常为进行时态
23. after a while=a moment later一会儿以后
24. leave:遗忘,留下,离开。把笔忘在了家里。 leave my pen at home 不能使用动词forget
25. be late for迟到
26. need(1) 作情态动词,后面跟动词原形。need do sth
(2) 作行为动词,有两个短语。need to do need doing(表被动) =need to be done
27. say:说,指说的内容
speak:说,指说的能力,后跟语言
talk: 谈论,短语有 talk about, talk with:
tell: 告诉,短语有tell sb sth
28.be careful=look out :当心,小心
29. hear of:听说
hear from=receive a letter from:收到某人的来信
30. tell sb to do sth; tell sb not to do sth
31. with:可表示伴随的动作。如:
the teacher came in with a book in his hand.
32. teach sb to do sth:教某人做…
33. all right=OK好,行,可以
that’s all right:没关系,不用谢
that’s right:那是对的
34. learn by oneself=teach oneself:自学
35.乐器前要加定冠词 the。如 play the piano
36. afford to do:有足够的钱(时间)做某事
37. beg one’s pardon:乞求某人的原谅
38. all night=the whole night整个晚上
39. lose oneself in 沉浸在… 陶醉在…
40. music是不可数名词
41. write down: 写下; knock at:敲
42. catch up with :赶上。反义短语: fall behind落后
43. hold a sports meeting开运动会
44.hogh jump: 跳高long jump:跳远
45.有短横线后名词不再加复数。如: 100- metre race an-8-year-old girl
46. on the third lap: 在第三圈(介词用on)
47. pass sth on to sb:把某物传给某人
48. neck and neck:齐头并进,不分上下。
49.At the same time:同时
50. He was first past the finishing line. 他首先冲过终点。(注意此句中用Past这个介词,而不是用 pass这个动词,为什么?)
51. try one’s best to do =do one’s best to do .尽力做某事。
52. the girls’ 400 metres; the women’s Day(注意’的位置)
23---26
1. be interested in:对…感兴趣
be worried about:对…焦虑
be excited about:对…兴奋
be pleased with:对…高兴
be angry with:生某人的气
be surprised at:对…惊奇
2. interesting:形容词(指物)interested:形容词(人)interest:名词
exciting: 指物 excited:指人
surprising:指物 surprised:指人
3.what’s the meaning of … =what do you mean by… What does…mean
4.be named after…:以…被命名
5. play with: 玩耍play against:和…打球,踢球
6. spend: 人作主语;花时间,花金钱,短语 spend…on….spend…doing
pay: 人作主语,;花金钱;短语pay for
cost:物作主语;花金钱;短语 cost sb some money
take:it作形式主语;花时间;句型: it take(s) sb some time to do
7. work out:算出,解答出
8. sell out 卖光 wear out:穿破
9. be sure to do be sure+宾语从句 确信做某事
10. in the future:在将来
11.过去进行时态:
(1)概念:表过去某时间点或时间段正在发生的动作。
(2)构成:was/were+现在分词
(3)常用词:at 7:00 yesterday; at this time last week; at that time 等过去具体的时间点或时间段
(4)句型转换:抓was were
12. get on …with…:与某人相处怎样
13. decide to do sth决定做…
14. as usual:像平常一样
15. what happened to sb 某人发生了什么事?(介词用to)
16. He found it difficult to sleep.(it在句中作形式宾语)
It is important to learn English.(it在句中作形式主语)
17. the pair of shoes:这双鞋,该短语为单数。
18. be fed up with…对…厌倦==== be tired of sth
19. put on:穿上,指穿的动作
wear=be in::穿着,指穿的状态
dress;给…穿衣服,后面跟人。
20. a little 可能有两个意思:(1)一些(2)一个小的
21. pick up:捡起,拾起
22.as quickly as possible=as quickly as one can::尽快
23. at once;立刻,马上
e to oneself:苏醒
25. set off:出发
26. on watch:值班,守望
27. room:作房间讲是可数名词,作空间讲是不可数名词
第三册
1. here and there=everywhere:到处
2. have a day off:请一天假
3. 用动词原形的短语有:
had better do sth had better not do sth let sb do sth make sb do sth have sb do sth
see sb do sth hear sb do sth watch sb do sth find sb do sth
4. 用动词不定式的短语有:
want to do sth go to do sth tell sb to do sth ask sb to do sth ask sb not to do sth
afford to do sth decide to do sth refuse to do sth it’s time to do sth it takes sb some time to do sth.
5. 用动词现在分词的短语有:
like doing sth hate doing sth enjoy doing sth finish doing sth practice doing sth need doing sth thank sb for doing sth see sb doing sth hear sb doing sth
spend doing sth be busy doing feel like doing sth stop doing sth forget doing sth remember doing sth mind doing sth watch sb doing sth try doing sth
6. 用动词过去分词的短语有:
have sth done: have my pen mended
make oneself done: make myself understood
7.区别下列各组短语.
(1)stop doing sth 停止做某事
stop to do sth 停下来,做另一件事
(2)see sb do sth 看见某人经常做
see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做
(3)hear sb do sth 听见某人经常做
hear sb doing sth听见某人正在做
(4)remember to do sth记得要做
remember doing sth记得做了
(5)forget to do sth忘记要做
forget doing sth忘记做了
(6)go on to do 继续做不同的事
go on doing继续做同样的事
(7)like to do sth喜欢做(某具体的事)
like doing sth喜欢做(习惯性的事)
(8)need to do(主动意思)
need doing=need to be done(被动意思)
(9)on 关于(理论方面或较严肃的内容)
about关于(具体的事实方面)
8. several=a few一些,后跟可数名词
9. used to do过去常常
be used to do被用来做(被动语态)
be used to doing习惯于做
10. so+ be(助情) +主语:表示 “也一样”(用于肯定句时)
neither +be (助情)+主语:表示“也一样”(用于否定句时)
so +主语+be(助情):表示情况的确如此
11.come up with:找出(一个答案 主意)
12. think of :想起
think about:考虑 思考
13. 现在完成时:
(1)用法a.表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
b. 表示过去的动作一直持续到现在
c.表示从过去某时开始到现在发生的量的总和
(2)构成:have(has )+过去分词
(3)常用词: already yet never ever just for since before(单独)
(4)句型转换:抓have has改一般疑问句时, already要变成yet
14.现在完成时的注意之点:
(1)现在完成时不会与过去的时间短语连用,不会与when连用.
(2)短暂性动词不会与一段时间连用
(3)对for since引导的提问用 how long
15. 常见的短暂性动词及对应的延续性动词
start begin---be buy-----have borrow-----keep join-----be
die-----be dead leave-----be away arrive come-----be open-----be open close-----be closed
16.already:用于肯定句中 yet :用于否定句 疑问句中
for:跟时间段 since:跟时间点或一句子
17. put down:放下(介词位于中间)
18. even far much a link a bit可修饰比较级
注意:many + more+可数名词复数 此时用many修饰
19. all over the world=in the world全世界
20. have been in:在某地
have been to:去过某地(去了,回来了)
have gone to:去了某地(去了,未回来)
21. where have you been 此句been后无 to,因 where是副词.
22. a number of:许多,后跟可数名词(复数)
the number of: ---的数量(单数)
23. all the year round:全年
24. no matter what=whatever----no matter+疑问词 =疑问词---ever
25. give up doing sth= stop doing sth放弃做
26. though--- but--- ; because ---so---在句中不能同时使用
27. so 与such的比较:
so+形 so+形+a(an)+可数
such +a(an)+形+可单 such+形+可复(不可)
注意:当many much few little等词表数量多或少时,必须用 so .如果little 表示小的,仍用such
28. fun乐趣,不可数名词
e go leave fly等表示位置转移的动词可用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作
30. fail to do sth做---失败
31. so far到目前为止
32. come true:实现 slow down:减速
speak highly of:称赞 be proud of:以---自豪
33. another+数词=数词+more,如 another two=two more
34. 一个8岁女孩:an 8---year---old girl
35. as(1) 像---一样照着 (2)作为(3) 因为(4)当---时候
36. not only but also(就近原则)
37.be afraid of+ 名
be afraid to +动
be afraid that+从句
38. make a contribution to:为---作贡献( to是介词,动词应加 ing)
39. be full of = be filled with被---装满
40. make sure= be sure:确信,确保
41. do well in = be good at:在---学得好
42.except:除了---之外(不包含在内)
besides:除了---之外,还有(包含在内)
43. keep doing:一直做--- practice doing:练习做---
44. in one’s life:某人的一生
45. 宾语从句的三种类型:
(1)由that引导, that可省略, that引导陈述句
(2)由if whether引导, if whether引导一般疑问句
(3)由疑问词引导,疑问词引导特殊疑问句
46. 宾语从句的注意之点:
(1)时态要求:当主语为一般现在时,从句用该用的时态;当主句为一般过去时,从句用相应的过去时态.但若从句表达的是客观真理,则从句只能用一般现在时;此外,could you tell me-- 此句是委婉请求,并非一般过去时.
(2)语序要求:宾语从句要用陈述句结构.
(3)what’s wrong What’s the matter 两句中,主语是what,当他们在句中作宾语从句时,词序不能再作调整.
47. if:是否
whether: 是否 whether可与 or连用
48. if when 两词既可引导状语从句,又可引导宾语从句.注意时态的选用
1.at the top of= on top of:在---顶端
2.注意比较下列两句:
Beijing is bigger than any other city in china.
Beijing is bigger than any city in Japan.
3. she is the tallest in her class;= she is taller than any other student in her class.= she is taller than the other students in her class.
4. in:表示在范围内; on:表示相接; to:表示在范围外,台湾位于中国的东部,介词应用in
5. go straight along:一直走
6.修饰 price的形容词应为 high或 low; 修饰 population的词应为 big large small
7. who:主格,在句中作主语; whom:宾格,在句中作宾语/
8.以 s结尾的名词,它的名词所有格应在 s后加’
9. before long:不久后
long before:很久以前
10. allow sb to do sth:允许某人做---
refuse to do sth拒绝做---
11. be amazed at:对---惊奇
12. clean up:清扫,清洁
13. return= come back 或get back:回来 归还
14. encourage sb to do sth:鼓励某人做---
15. as long as:长达
16. that’s a deal!那是一个口头协议!
17. hundred thousand million billion 等词,安它们前面为具体数量时,不加复数,不加 of ,当它们前面为非具体数量或many several few等词时,要加复数,要加 of
18. on earth:在地球上,究竟
19. not 与all同时 用在一个句子中时,表示部分否定.如: all the apples aren’t red some of the apples are red.
20. warn sb to do. Warn sb not to do
21. feed on:以---为生
22. between:在两者之间(或表示两两之间)
among:在两者以上之间
23. other:别的 其余的.后面跟名词复数(剩下的部分)
the other:别的,其余的,后面跟名词复数.(剩下的全部)有短语: one --- the other---
others: 相当于other+名词复数(剩下的部分),还有别人的意思
the others: 相当于the other+名词复数(剩下的全部)
24. be able to:有各种时态
can:只有一般现在时和一般过去时
25. must:(主观愿意)只有一般现在时和一般过去时
have too:(客观逼迫)有各种时态
26.最高级前可以加序数词修饰:如: the yellow river is the second longest river in china.
27. try out:试验 try on:试穿
28. have something/ nothing to do with与---有关/无关
29.当名词与动词是主动关系时,用现在分词作定语; 是被动关系时,用过去分词作定语.如: there is a boy singing in the room.
It was the first paper sold on the train.
30.at the age of:在---岁时
31. teach sb to do sth
32. open up:开业,开设
32. so---that---
such---that---
too---to---
---enough to--- 这4个短语常用来变同义句
33. so---that---:如此---以至于---
so that---: 以便,以至于
33. so that= in order to 或in order that
34. thanks to= because of
35. have confidence in sb:对某人充满信心
36. as well=too:一样, 也
37. be base on:以---为依据
38. live on:继续存在
39. can’t wait to---:迫不及待做某事
40. once upon a time = long before
41. be to do sth= be going to do将要发生某事
42. come out= appear出现,显现
43. give girth to:出生
44. happy new year! 答语: The same to you.
Happy birthday! 答语:Thank you.
45. there is a man named(过去分词作定语) green.
46.分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词.分子>1时,分母要加复数.含分数的短语作主语时,其单复数的确定以分数后名词的单复数确定.后面为单数则单;后为复数则复. Population是复数
1 .各种时态的被动语态:
(1)一般现在时am is are +过分
(2)一般过去时:was were+过分
(3)一般将来时:will+be +过分
(4)现在进行时:am is are+being+过分
(5)过去进行时:was were+being+过分
(6) 现在完成时:have/ has +been +过分
(7) 过去完成时:had + been +过分
(8) 过去将来时:would + be +过分
(9)情态动词:情态动词 + be +过分
2.注意连系动词如:look smell feel taste get 等及happen无被动语态.
3. 英语中某些动词,如write wash sell read 等,表示主语的某种特征时,主动语态表示被动意思.如:
this kind of books sells well. 这种书很畅销.
This kind of clothes washes well.
4.need doing= need to be done:表示被动意思
5. be worth doing:值得做--- 该短语也是用主动结构表被动.
The book is worth reading. (此处未用被动结构)
6.have sth to do该短语也是用主动结构表被动.
I have a lot of homework to do(此处未用被动结构)
7.有些含介词的短语变被动语态后,介词不可省略.如: listen to. Look at . look for. Look after. Take care of. Put on. Take off.
8. 十大动词真奇怪,to去 to来令人猜;主动语态 to离去,被动语态 to 回来.
9. be made of +材料:由---材料组成(能直接看出原材料)
be made from+材料:由---材料组成(不能直接看出原材料)
be made in+地方:在---地方制成
be made by+人:被---人制成
10. be used by+人:被---人使用
be used for+用途:被用作---
11.be spoken by:被---人说
be spoken as:被作为---说
12.
国家 人 语言 国家 人 语言
Australia Australian English Canada Canadian English French
America American English France Frenchman French
Japan Japanese Japanese Germany German
China Chinese Chinese England Englishman English
13. must 表推测用于肯定句中;can’t 表推测,用于否定句中.
14. lay(下蛋)—laid laid; lie(躺)—lay lain
15. be covered with:被---覆盖
16. in the 1920s: 在20世纪二十年代(注意表达方法)
17. we can see many dinosaurs discovered(过去分词作定语) by you.
18. found (1) 动词+find的过去式,过去分词
(2)动词原形,意思是建立,成立;过去式是founded
19. hard(1)副词,努力地(2)形容词,困难的,坚硬的
hardly:副词,几乎不,表否定
20. what’s that thing with(带有,具有) three legs
21. on show= on display:陈列,展览
22. knock---into---:把---插入
e to school in(穿着) your old clothes.
24.区别: put on. Wear. Bi in . dress
25. next to= near to:临近,靠近
26. run away:流失 wash a way冲走
27. hand in:交上来
28. keep---from---; stop---from---; prevent---from---
29. a few years’ time:几年的时间
30. point to:指向(远处,方向)
point at:指着(近处,目标)
31. in+时间段:常用于一般将来时,对它提问用 how soon
after+时间点:常用于一般过去时,对它提问用 when
32. more or less:或多或少,差不多
33. under 1.2m in height: 低于1.2米高
34. buy sb sth = buy sth for sb (买,画,制作for来了)
give sb sth = give sth to sb
35.当主句谓语动词为 think believe suppose等时,常把宾语从句的否定放到主句上.
36. 含宾语从句的反意疑问句变法:当主句为一人称时,以从句为准;当主句为二三人称时,以主句为准.
37. news:是不可数名词,一条新闻: a piece of news
38. hear from = get a letter from = receive a letter from
39. with one’s help:在某人的帮助下
40. send up:发射 send for:派人去叫
41. everyone:每人,不能带of
every one:每人或每物,可以带of
42. all the time:一直all the same:仍然
43. on the other side of the road: (此处用the other,隐藏着两边)
44. put off:推迟,延期
45. make up one’s mind to do = set one’s mind to do = decide to do
46. place of interest:名胜古迹
1.mind doing:介意做---
2. happen to sb:某人发生了某事
3.对人口的多少提问用 what
4. population的形容词为 big large small
5. multiply---by---:用---乘以---
6. at the beginning of:在---开
7. the more developed country:发达国家
the less developed country:欠发达国家
the developing country:发展中国家
8. room(1)房间:可数名词(2)空间:不可数名词
make room for:为---腾出空间
9. hour after hour:一小时接一小时
10. I have no pen to write with.
I have no paper to write on.
I have no room to live in.
I have no chair to sit on.
11. prefer doing to doing.
Prefer to do rather than do
12. like---better than---=prefer---to---
13. be worth= cost值---钱
14. it cost as little as 50 yuan and as much as 300 yuan.
15. be busy doing sth; be busy with sth
16. start with:以---开头
end with:以---结尾
17. 过去将来时:
(1)概念:表过去将要发生的动作
(2)构成:would+动原
18. 过去完成时:
(1)概念:表示在过去某动作之前已经发生或完成的动作(过去的过去)
(2)构成:had+过去分词.
(3)常用词: by+过去时间; when before after等引导的状语从句
(4) 句型转换:抓住助动词had
19. wear out:穿破
20. 表示颜色介词用in,表价格介词用 at
21. make a decision:作决定
22. go over:复习,检查
23. all the students- the whole students所有的学生
24. have sth done= ask someone to do sth
25. while:后用延续性动词,常为进行时
when:后可用各种动词
26. arrive in+大地方; arrive at+小地方
27. think about: 考虑,思考.代词应位于about后,不能位于中间
28. it可作形式主语或形式宾语
29. regard---as---:把---当作---
30. asleep:形容词 fall asleep sleep:动词 get to sleep
awake:形容词,醒着的 wake:动词,叫醒
31. shout to:向---大喊
shout at:向---大吼(带一定的感彩)
32. as if:好像 at sea:在海上
33.at least:至少
34. beat:打败了某人: beat sb
win赢了某比赛,赢得名次
35. deserve to do:应该做---,值得做---
36. 以ty结尾的基数词即整十的基数词,变 y为 ie,加 th,变为序数词.
37. the first helf:上半场 the second half:下半场
38. carry on doing sth :继续做---
39. please: 请,动词pleased:形容词(指人) pleasant:形容词(指物) pleasure:名词
40. from now on:从今以后
41. against:与---对抗,介词
42. as:表显而易见的,已为人知的原因,语气最弱,常放在主句之前
since: 表附带的原因,语气较because弱,常放在句子之首.
because: 语气最强,指直接的原因,常放在主句后面回答why的提问.
for:引导的句子是对前面的句子进行解释,常用逗号与前面的句子分开.
43. 不用冠词的情况:
(1)球类,棋类,三餐,学科前一般不用冠词
(2) 在季节,日期,星期前不用冠词,但当它们后带修饰语时,要加the 如:
it’s very cold in winter.(无冠词)
He was born in the winter of 1973.(有冠词)
(3)某些短语中,如:by plane, by bike; on foot
(4) 节日前一般不用冠词.如on Teachers’ Day
44. 用定冠词the的情况:
(1)上文提到的人或物;双方都知道 的人或物
(2)世上独一无二的事物前
(3)用在序数词,最高级前
(4)用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示一家人,用一乐器前.
1. hands up:举手
2. come down:下来
3. too many+可
many too无此短语
too much+不可
much too+形(副)
4. 定语从句的三个可以:
(1)主句和从句的时态可以不一致
(2)引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略
(3)引导词作有些介词的宾语时,此介词可提到引导词前.如this is the room in which she lives.
5. 定语从句的三个必须:
(1)定语从句的谓语动词必须与先行词保持一致
(2)当先行词为不定代词或先行词被数词,最高级 all few no only that修饰时必须用that
(3)当把介词提到引导词前时,则引导词只能用which或 whom,不能用 that
6. 定语从句的二个不能:
(1)引导词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略/
(2) 如为look for ,look after, listen to等短语时,介词不能提到引导词后.
7. 理解(1)I’ll always remember the days when we worked together.
(2) I’ll always remember the days which we spent together.
(3)I’ll interested in what you told me.([宾语从句] = I’m interested in all that you told me.(定语从句)
(4) is this the factory that we visited last week
Is this factory the one we visited last week
8.I can understand what you said. = I can understand all that you said.
9. 比较I don’t know the place where he lives.
I don’t know the place which he lives in.
10. 几种常见的反意疑问句:
(1) I am late for school, aren’t I 用 be动词 are,肯定句时
(2) I am not late for school, am I 仍用am ,否定句时
(3) Give me a hand, will you (祈使句表请求用Will you)
(4) Don’t forget to bring it hare, will you 否定祈使句用 Will you
(5) let’s go for a walk, shall we
(6) Let us go for a walk, will you
11. 句子中含有:little, few hardly never no nothing nobody等否定词时,后面要用肯定形式.
12.在宾语从句中,主语为第一人称I we,且主句谓语动词是 believe suppose think时,以从句为准.其余情况以主句为准.
13.当主语是 everybody nobody everyone等指人的不定代词,主语应为 they 如:Everyone enjoyed the music , didn’t they
当主语是Everything nothing smoothing等指物的不定代词,主语应选用it.如: something is wrong, isn’t it
14. it is kind of(用Of ,因为kind是指人的特性) you to help me.
it is important for(用 For,因为 important不是指人的特性) you to learn English.
15. be sorry to do sth:抱歉做某事
16 maybe= perhaps = probably:可能
17. I missed the early bus.
Missed= lost= didn’t catch= failed to catch
18. unless= if not 除非,如果不
19. this factory opened three years ago. = it is three years since this factory opened. = three years has passed since this factory opened. = this factory has been open for three years
20. 序数词表示又一,再一的意思时,前面不能用the ,应该用a 或an ,如:they has two babies . but they has a third baby.
21. found him to be a good pupil = found him a good pupil = found that he was a good pupil.
22. and 和,用于肯定句中.or:和,用于否定句中
23. study hard, or you’ll fail in the exam. = study hard, and you’ll pass the exam. = if you study hard , you’ll pass the exam. = if you don’t study hard, you’ll fail in the exam.
24. appear:: 它和happen一样无被动语态.
25. there are your hundred(不加复数,不加of) students in our school.
Four hundred of(思考:为什么加of )在一定范围内 the students are in Grade three.
26. this machine is unlike that one. = this machine is not the same a that oe.
27. a number of ,number和 population一样,应该用 large big small修饰
28.动词 +sb+ 介词(in on ) + the +部位.如:
hit him on the back 打了他的背.(句中只能用定冠词the)